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TRANSCRIPT
REGIONAL WORKSHOP
FOR RESOURCE
MOBILIZATION FOR
ASIA AND PACIFIC.
Bangkok, 6th-8th May
2014 Biodiversity related Expenditures in India
By
Dr. Satish C. Garkoti, Director, MoEF
1
Resources Mobilization for
what ?
Answer:
For implementing the National
Biodiversity Action Plan(NBAP)
2
Whether the NBAP prepared?
Answer is Yes.
NBAP for India was formulated
through a comprehensive inter-
ministerial consultation process and
was approved by the Government
of India in the year 2008.
3
Biodiversity Facts About India
India was one of the first countries to have a proactive
legislation and enacted a comprehensive Biological Diversity
Act in 2002.
The Biodiversity Rules were notified in 2004.
This Act is being implemented through a three tier structure:
4
BDA,2002
National Level
NBA
State Level
SBBs
Local Level
BMCs
Biodiversity Facts About India
India adopted National Environmental
Policy(NEP) in 2006.
The NBAP was prepared by revising and
updating the National Policy and Macro-
level Action Strategy on Biodiversity
developed in 1999 and using the FTR of
the NBSAP project in order to achieve
consonance between NBAP an NEP.
5
Biodiversity Facts About India
India is therefore pioneer in developing
NBAP, which was rather developed prior
to CBD Strategic Plan for Biodiversity,
2011-2020.
In the light of SP 2011-2020 and Aichi
Biodiversity Targets, India has undertaken
a process of updating its NBAP in order to
further build synergies between NBAP and
Aichi Biodiversity Targets.
6
Biodiversity Facts About India India is amongst the few countries that have developed
a bio-geographic classification for conservation planning and mapped biodiversity-rich areas in the country supporting 18% of human and cattle population.
Out of 34 global biodiversity hotspots, four are present in India, namely:
The Himalaya
The Western Ghats The North-East, and The Nicobar Islands
These hotspots support 60% of species and have high endemism, and are therefore areas of global conservation concern.
7
Biodiversity Facts About India
India is also among selected countries in the
World that have developed their own National
Biodiversity Targets aligned with Aichi Biodiversity
Targets.
The National Biodiversity Targets and Monitoring
framework have been developed on the basis of
extensive consultation s with range of
stakeholders and a review of the programmes
and activities being undertaken by relevant
Ministries/ Departments in the Government of
India, SBBs and NGOs.
8
Biodiversity Facts About India
Mainstreaming strategies , is an important process by way of which the non-environmental Ministries having cross cutting mandates could actively involve in implementation of the NBAP
along with
NBA, SBBs, State Forest Departments, State Planning Boards and relevant departments of State Governments, such as Fisheries, Agriculture, Livestock and Animal Husbandry, Forests, Mining & Education;
Local Level Institutions such as Biodiversity Management Committee(BMCs), Village Eco-development Committees(VEDCs), Joint Forest Management Committees(JFMCs) and Gram Sabha(Village Assemblies)
9
Resources Mobilization for
what?
Answer :
For implementation of the NBAP and also Monitoring framework.
10
What is the funding support
for Biodiversity Conservation? The Resource flows to the biodiversity sector
include:
(1) Direct core funding & non-core funding (that
originates from the budgetary resources of the MoEF), and
(2) Indirect peripheral funding, which comprises development budgetary resources that are allocated by other scientific and development Ministries/Departments of the GOI towards programmes that have a bearing on biodiversity conservation.
11
Financial overview of schemes
of MoEF
There has been a steady increase in the budgetary
allocation of MoEF since 1992 under all major heads.
From an average annual outlay of Rs.2,800 million in
1992-1993 (96.55 million USD at April 1992 exchange
rate), the outlay in 2013-2014 was Rs.24,300 million
(477.59 million USD at an exchange rate of 1 USD =
Rs.62.08 in February 2014).
The 11th Plan (2007-2012) approved budgetary outlay
for MoEF was Rs.100,000 million whereas the 12th Plan
(2012-2017) approved budgetary outlay for MoEF is
Rs.178,740 million. This is an increase of 78.74%
12
MoEF's core funding for biodiversity
conservation during 2013-2014
Out of the MoEF's aggregate budget of Rs.2430
crores(Rs.24300 million) for the year 2013-2014, the amount of
core funding for biodiversity conservation, i.e., funding of
schemes which are directly relevant to biodiversity
conservation, is Rs.1564.34 crores(Rs.15643.4 million).
The same for years 2012-13, 2011-12 and 2010-11 is given in
Table in next slide(For 2013-2014, this is an increase of Rs.486
crores or approximately 45% of the core funding amount for
the year 2010-2011).
13
Schemes 2010-2011
(Rs. In
Crores)
2011-2012
(Rs. In
Crores)
2012-2013
(Rs. In
Crores)
2013-2014
(Rs. In
Crores)
Forestry and
Wildlife
793.24 927.08 898.94 1195.83
Research and
Development for
Conservation
104.69 68.94 166.70 153.51
Conservation of
Natural
Resources
29.2 80.00 94.00 90.00
NCMP 151 267.60 25.00 125.00
Total 1078.13 1343.62 1184.64 1564.34
Core Funding for Biodiversity Conservation
14
MoEF's non-core funding for biodiversity
conservation during 2013-2014
The net leverageable non-core funding by the MoEF
[on other schemes such as pollution control,
hazardous substance management, impact
assessment, etc.] is Rs.2,598 million [As these
programmes contribute to biodiversity conservation
only indirectly, a multiplier approach has been
applied], as was done when India made its
submission to CoP-11 of the CBD in September 2012,
wherein 30% of the allocation under these schemes,
i.e., has been considered to be attributable to
biodiversity conservation.
15
Outlays at the State level Apart from the MoEF, each State and Union
Territory (UT) in India also allocates part of its
budget for expenditure on the environment.
According to the Budget Document of States,
provided by the Planning Commission, for 2013-
2014, the core funding by State Governments is Rs.50,255.7 million (Rs.5025.57 crores or USD 810.47
million at 1USD = Rs.62.08 in February 2014).
16
Indirect Peripheral funding: Biodiversity-
related programmes of allied Ministries
Of the 52 Ministries/Departments of the GOI, 23
Ministries/Departments (in addition to the MoEF) were
identified as having a bearing on biodiversity conservation
as they fund and implement biodiversity-related
programmes.
These 23 Ministries/Departments were identified on the basis
of an extensive review of the RFDs of the 52
Ministries/Departments, information available in annual
reports/websites of Ministries/Departments and institutions, as
well as inputs provided by officials, scientists and other
stakeholders at the individual level and from a range of
organizations from different regions of the country.
17
Indirect Peripheral funding: Biodiversity-
related programmes of allied Ministries
As in the case of non-core funding for biodiversity under the MoEF's schemes, a multiplier approach has been applied to assess the biodiversity component of leverageable peripheral funding of the schemes implemented by other Ministries/Departments since the entire amount allocated to them cannot be attributed to biodiversity.
Accordingly, depending on the potential ability of a scheme to contribute to biodiversity, varying multipliers have been used for determining the funds attributable to biodiversity conservation.
18
Indirect Peripheral funding: Biodiversity-
related programmes of allied Ministries
In this assessment of funding, the credibility of the
data is high as data are from
Ministries'/Departments' Demand for Grants and
other publicly available budget documents.
However, there is some degree of subjectivity with
regard to the multipliers used for determining
allocations considered to be attributable to biodiversity.
To address this concern, consultations were
undertaken with the concerned Ministries/Departments with a view to confirming
these data.
19
Peripheral funding: Biodiversity-related
programmes of allied Ministries
Using this method of calculation, an amount of Rs.23547.4 million can be considered as the net leverageable peripheral funding for biodiversity for 2013-2014 under 77 relevant schemes of 23 Ministries/Departments of the GOI other than the MoEF.
It is expected that in India's attempt to further mainstream biodiversity, the number of Ministries/Departments identified may change and the estimates for leverageable funding for biodiversity may increase.
There are a number of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) that work very actively for the environment in general and for biodiversity in particular. In addition to Central and State Government funding, NGOs receive funding from corporates in India and from foreign sources. The amounts have however not been taken into account when calculating the total funding because of non-availability of reliable data.
20
Total estimated funding for biodiversity
conservation during 2013-2014
Core, non-core and peripheral funding for
biodiversity conservation
Details of the core and non-core funding by the MoEF
for biodiversity conservation as well as those of States for
2013-2014 are provided in the next slide. As explained,
peripheral funding pertains to funding related to
biodiversity conservation under 77 schemes and
programmes of 23 Ministries/Departments of the GOI
other than the MoEF.
21
Core, non-core and peripheral funding
for biodiversity conservation in 2013–
2014
Nature of funding Amount (Rs. in crores)
Core 1564.34
Non-Core 259.8
Core+ Non-Core 1824.14
States 5025.57
Peripheral
(23
Ministries/Departments,
77 schemes)
2354.74
Total Rs. 9204.45 Crores or
USD 1482.68 million
22
Core, non-core and peripheral funding
for biodiversity conservation in 2013–
2014
22%
4%
71%
3%
Sales
Core Funding
(Rs.15643.4 million)
Non core Funding
(Rs.2598 million)
State Outlay
(Rs.50255.7 million)
Peripheral Funding
(Rs. 23547.4 million)
Overall spending= Rs.92044.50 million or USD1482.68 million
23
National Biodiversity Targets and
Millennium Development Goals
The Millennium Declaration, made during the UN Millennium Summit on 8 September 2000, was signed by 189 countries, including 147 heads of State and Government, and included eight goals called the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). India is committed to efforts towards achieving the MDGs and related targets for progress in human development and poverty reduction.
India's National Biodiversity Targets are also directly and indirectly related to the MDGs. Efforts towards meeting the National Biodiversity Targets and MDGs will synergize progress towards achieving targets for biodiversity conservation and human development.
24