Regional Workshop Innovative and Sustainable Energy Technology for Developing Country

28-30 May, 2014 Taj Mahal Hotel, New Delhi India . _________________________

“Taking Action for Sustainable Development in the Changing Climate”

Current Statues Energy and Potential, Mitigation Activities to Climate Change Respond in Cambodia

Presented By OU, Chanthearith, Deputy Director, Climate Change Department, MoE

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Contents • Country Background

• Potential Sectors for GHG Mitigation in Second National Communication

• Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Situation

in Cambodia

• Energy Savings Siem Reap – Promoting and Demonstrating Energy

Conservation in Siem Reap, Cambodia

• Progress and Current Activities and

• Way Forward

• Country: Area 181,035 sq km, water 2.5%. Population 14,241,640. Pop growth rate 1.75% (2008)

• Border: with Thailand in the west, Vietnam in the east and south and Lao PDR in the north

• Phnom Penh is Capital city

• GDP growth rate 6% (2010)

• GDP/capital $802 (2010)

• GDP by sectors:

- agriculture 33.9%,

- industry 21.9%,

- service 44.2%.

Basic Facts Of Cambodia

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Background Cambodia ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1995,

Assessed to Kyoto Protocol in 2002,

Established Designed National Authority (DNA) in 2003,

CCCA was lunched in 2009 is multi-donors funded by EU UNDP SIDA AND NAIDA

PPCR&SPCR is funded by Climate Investment Fund (CIF)

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Nat. GHG Inventory for 2000 (1)GHG Source and Sink Categories

CO2

Emissions

CO2

Removals CH4 N2OTotal , Gg

CO2e.

Energy 2,047.66 55.38 0.75 3,443.14

Agriculture 875.52 8.79 21,110.82

Land Use Change & Forestry 22,858.73 -48,165.86 32.06 0.22 -24,565.67

Waste 10.18 0.05 229.24

Total 24,906.39 -48,165.86 973.14 9.81 217.57

Background

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Energy7%

Agriculture44%

Waste0%

LUCF49%

Nat. GHG Inventory for 2000 (2)

Background

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Potential Sectors for GHG Mitigation in Second National Communication

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Under the baseline total emissions for the energy and transport sector increase from 2,632 GgCO2 eq. in 2000 to 25,549 Gg CO2 eq. in 2050

However, emissions per capita remain low relative to neighboring countries, increasing from 0.2 tCO2 eq./per/y in 2000 to 1.3 tCO2 eq./per/y in 2050

Fuelwood demand is projected to fall from 49% in 2000 to 13% in 2050

Transport sector is expected to have the largest increase and share of emissions in 2050 at 10.816 Gg. CO2 eq., followed by the energy industries (electricity generation) with 8,888 Gg. CO2 eq.

Energy and Transport (1)

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Potential mitigation options include: energy efficiency measures, hydro, solar power, gasification & cogeneration, electric vehicles, efficient cookstoves, biogas digesters, ceramic water filters, etc.

The proposed mitigation options in the energy sector result in the highest reductions – 17% compared to the baseline, or a 3,877 Gg CO2 eq. reduction by 2050

Scenario analysis indicates a potential range in emission savings from 573 to 7,094 Gg. CO2 eq. The lower bound estimate relates to short term options financially attractive to the private sector. The maximum emission reduction of 7,094 Gg. CO2 eq., a 28% reduction relative the baseline, requires a mixture of private sector investment, donor financing and Government policy development.

Energy and Transport (2)

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Overall, emissions are projected to increase from -8,822 GgCO2eq. in 2000 to 34,112 in 2050, and consequently the AFOLU sector becomes a net emitter,

Emissions per capita remain low relative to other countries increasing from -0.81 in 2000 to 1.36 tCO2eq./capita in 2050

The GHG emissions from the agricultural sector is forecast to almost double, increasing from 21,559 GgCO2e in 2000 to 38,601 GgCO2e in 2050

Within the agriculture sector, emissions from agricultural soils increase the most (2,362 to 6,362 GgCO2e) followed by livestock (4,872 to 10,018 GgCO2e) and rice cultivation (14,365 to 22,625 GgCO2e).

Agriculture, Forestry and Land Use (AFOLU) (1)

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The LUCF sector remains a net sink, however the sink capacity falls from -30,421 GgCO2e in 2000 to -4,836 GgCO2e in 2050

From 2005 onwards the LUCF sector is unable to compensate for the emissions in agriculture and the AFOLU sector becomes a net emitter

Example of mitigation options: manure management, biogas, fertilizer switch to sulfated fertilizer, drainage in rainy season, compost/bio-slurry, organic input, crop management, agro-forestry, reforestation, REDD+

If all technically feasible mitigation options are implemented emission can be reduced by 32,521 GgCO2e in the agriculture sector and net sinks increased by -20,545 GgCO2e in the LUCF sector

The largest abatement potential is in the livestock and LUCF sector. It is therefore intended to focus mitigation activities in these sectors

For all sectors mitigation options are able to halt the trend of increasing emissions except in the agricultural soil sector.

Agriculture, Forestry and Land Use (AFOLU) (2)

RENEWABLE ENERGY SITUATION IN CAMBODIA

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Background Situation for Renewable Energy Development in Cambodia

• At present, the development of RE sources in Cambodia is slow in comparing with other countries in the region, because of the lack of experiences, funds, and inadequate data in this field,

• Current status of RE Technologies in Cambodia mainly in research development and demonstration stages,

• Renewable Energy will reduce the impact on climate change/ decrease the CO2 emissions and contributed to global warming reduction.

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Background Situation for Renewable Energy Development in Cambodia (Con’t)

Renewable Energy Potential• Solar Energy: the average sunshine duration of 6-9 hours

per day, giving an average of 5kWh/day. thus, considerable potential of solar energy.

• Wind Energy: The southern part of the great lake Tonle Sap, the mountainous districts in the southwest and the coastal regions, such as Sihanoukville, Kampot,Kep and Koh Kong have the annual average wind speed of 5m/s or greater. The total area around 5%.

• Hydro: The potentiality (10.000MW, but current contribution to electricity production less than 1%).

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Renewable Energy Potential• Biomass: The report prepared by NEDO on “the Assistance Project for

the Establishment of an Energy Master Plan” identified significant biomass energy resources from a variety of agricultural residues such as rice husk. , acacia , Cassava Luscenia, Coconut, ..

• Biogas: The effectiveness of small scale biogas has been demonstrated in Cambodia by a number of different projects. The use of animal wastes to generate high quality gas for cooking has significant economic, health, social and environment benefits for poor rural households.

• Biofuel: Jatropha – 200 ha (Fencing), Palm Oil – 4,000 ha (recently) and can be 10, 000 ha and sugar cane 20,000 ha.

Background Situation for Renewable Energy Development in Cambodia (Con’t)

ENERGY EFFICIENCY SITUATION IN CAMBODIA

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• Objective: to strengthen cooperation in energy efficiency and conservation through Institutional capacity building and increasing private sector involvement including enhancing public awareness as well as expanding markets for energy efficient products

• Energy audit in building: – OJT for the local engineers (more involvement of the local engineers

and giving the opportunity for the engineers from the other ASEAN countries to join the audits)

– Collection of more accurate data and information for Energy Management

– Identification of the present energy consumption and their own benchmark (Target)

– The audits teams take the recommendations for EE&C under the consulting of the Japanese experts through the intensive energy audits

Energy Efficiency & Conservation Activities in Cambodia

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Building - Energy Audit Training and Site Visit for building - Seminar-Workshop on Energy Conservation for Buildings in

Southeast Asia

Industry - Energy Audit training and site visit for Industry - Seminar-Workshop on PROMEEC for Major Industry in South East

Asia (2005 Phnom Penh, Cambodiana Hotel)

Energy Management - Intensive Seminar Workshop - Site Visit of Factory and Building - Training on Energy Management Handbook

EE & C Activities in Cambodia

ASEAN Energy Cooperation on EE & C

ASEAN Energy Awards:• Le Royal Hotel (Retrofitted), year

2001, No.10• Angkor Century Hotel (New and

Existing), 2003. No.7• Sofitel Angkor Phokeethra Golf &

Spa Resort1. New and Existing, 2002, No.82. Retrofitted, 2005, No.33. Tropical, 2007, No.24. Energy Management, 2009,

No.3

EE & C Activities in Cambodia

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• Efficient Resource Management - Energy - Cost

• Efficiently use - Water Minimize - Solid waste - Raw Materials - Wastewater

- Air pollution• High-return and low-risk investment• Higher profits and positive cash-flows• Can be achieved at negative cost• Improved reliability and productivity• Protection of local and global environment

Benefit of Resources Management

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1. EE & C• Collecting data of Cambodia end-users in the different economic sector• To promote EE & C technologies capacity building for both sectors in

Cambodia, public and private • To provide economic benefits to the energy end-users through EE & C

role (perception among the public and private decision makers)• To promote EE products in implementing EE project• To translate of ASEAN Energy Management Handbook in National

language 2. Standard and Labeling for Energy End-Use• To prepare voluntary or mandatory standards, rules and regulations

regarding the use of energy• To train the customer on some appliances are imported along with the

energy performance labels of the country of manufacturing• To promote national standard and labeling for Energy End-Use in

Cambodia

Future Plan

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1. For EE & C– Need support fund to prepare EE & C policy and regulatory in

Cambodia– Need international consultants or advisors to process of EE & C

activities in Cambodia– Need to learn experiences on Energy Audit, especially for EE & C

success experiences in outside countries

2. Standard and Labeling (S & L) for Energy End-Use– Need to train on Energy End-Use of Standards and Labeling in local and

outside countries– Need to cooperate with Cambodian standard Institute on S & L for

Energy Efficiency Products (EEP)– Need support fund to promote S & L for EEP in Cambodia, especially

for Lighting Ballast, Refrigerator, Air Conditional, Fan,.......etc– To disseminate to all stakeholders and customers on S & L for EEP

through training, Seminar, Radio, TV and so on.

Request

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Energy Savings Siem Reap – Promoting and Demonstrating Energy Conservation in Siem Reap,

Cambodia

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299,400 EURO

Project Title

Project Duration

Partners

Total Budget

Energy Savings Siem Reap – Promoting and Demonstrating Energy Conservation in Siem Reap, Cambodia

Jan 2011 – December 2012

• Ministry of Environment• Ministry of Mines and Energy• Royal University of Phnom Penh• UNEP Risoe Centre on Energy, Climate and

Sustainable Development• Cambodian Research Centre for Development

EEP Mekong is funded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland and the Nordic Development Fund

Funding agency

Siem Reap TownTarget Location

About the Project

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[1] Awareness Raising and Capacity Building[2] Demonstration

Target Beneficiary

Project Objective

Main Activities

[1] Solar Water Heater: Public and Private Sector[2] CFL: Residential people in Siem Reap Town

To raise awareness of energy efficiency and energy conservation in the context of climate change and sustainable development, and to demonstrate the practical feasibility of simple energy conservation measures by installing solar water heaters in selected sites and distributing CFLs to the general population.

About the Project

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[1] Public Consultation Workshop

[2] Development of Awareness Raising Materials

[3] Development of Energy Labeling

[4] Website Development

[5] Awareness Raising Workshop

[6] Awareness Raising Campaign

[7] Evaluation of GHG Mitigation

[8] Installation of SWH

[9] Installation of CFL

[10] Preparation of PIN Voluntary Carbon

[11] Development of Analytical material on Lesson Learnt

Project Milestone

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Installation of Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) and Solar Water Heaters (SWHs)

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CFLs

August – October 2012

Siem Reap Province: 14 Communes/Quarters(114 Villages)

Siem Reap City: 12 Quarters

Pouk District: 2 Communes

Carbon emission reductions

Distribution of 15,000 lamps of 11W and 15,000 lamps

of 14W

Emission reductions: 720 tons CO2/year, or 4321 tons

CO2 over the product lifetime of the lamps (six years)

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November 2012- February 2013:

20 Solar Water Heaters:

• 5 Hotels

• 2 Guesthouses

• 4 Restaurants

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Progress and

Current Activities

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CDM Projects Approved by Cambodian DNA

Type of project/Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total

Biogas   2   1 1 4

Hydro power     1   1 2 4

Waste/heat gas utilization     1   1

Biomass 1       1

Total 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 10

Source: MOE, 2012

Progress

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Integration of Climate Change Responses into

National Strategic Development Plan 2014-2018

IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AND DIVERSIFICATION

FISHERIES REFORM

FORESTRY REFORM

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CONSERVATION, AND CLIMATE CHANGE

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT AND EMPLOYMENT

CAPACITY BUILDING AND HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

…

Progress

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Development of CCCSP & CCCAP

Progress

Vision:

Cambodia develops towards a greener, climate resilient, equitable, sustainable and knowledge-based society.

MISSION

Creating a national framework for engaging public and private sectors, and civil society in a participatory process for responding to climate change to support sustainable development.

Timeframe

10 years with 5 years revision in line with NSDP mandate

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Progress Climate Change Action Plan

The CCAP is

being developed

to support the

implementation

of Sectoral

Climate Change

Strategic Plans of

line ministries;

It will be finalized

sooner later in

2014.

Cost benefit, Co-benefits, trade off, rapid MCA etc.

Financing scenarios, MCA etc.

Sector CCSP

Objectives / Strategies

Long List of Actions

Costing Short List of Actions

National & Sectoral

Development Priorities

Climate risks & opportunities, future scenarios

Priority Actions Implementation

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Current Activities

• Continue capacity building activities for DNA members within regional and international consultation meetings/dialogs to find appropriate future carbon market mechanisms

• To explore more inputs from local relevant stakeholders including private sector for any possibility to engage more CDM and CDM PoA in the current situation where demand site of carbon credit is dramatically dropping down to minimum level ,

• Study possibility to link CDM with other new market mechanisms such as NAMA and JCM, and to find appropriate funding mechanisms and supported policy and programs,

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

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– SB has been submitted to CDM EB for approval on 25 September 2012,

– The recent update from EB secretary suggested to update data in F-CDM-PSB form so that the submission will be considered at the EB76 in early Nov 2013,

Current ActivitiesDeveloped Standardized Baseline (SB) for rice mill in order to implement PoA

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Current Activities

• Under cooperation with OECCC of Japan, CCD started conducting feasibility study on Cambodia NAMA in 2011

• National Bio-digester Program was selected for a case study during July 2011-March 2012

National Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA)

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Current Activities

• NAMA feasibility study (Aug. 2013-Feb 2014)– Operation of NAMAs

Implementation Framework

– Information collection for Business-as-usual (BAU) and NAMA

– Investigation of BAU and NAMA in energy and transport sector

National Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA)

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Current ActivitiesProject Proposal on developing Joint Crediting Mechanism seeds in the water supply sector in Cambodia

What is “Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM)”?

•JCM is a new scheme proposed by the Government of Japan to promote low-carbon societies in developing countries

•JCM provides developing countries with opportunities to facilitate diffusion of energy saving technologies, products, systems, service and infrastructure

•Japan hopes to contribute to reducing global greenhouse gas emissions through supporting implementation of greenhouse gas mitigation projects in host countries under the JCM

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Green Growth DevelopmentCurrent Activities

National Strategy Plan on Green Growth 2013-2030 was adopted by RGC on 1 March 2013. The strategy needs to improve green growth by focusing strategic direction includes:1-Green Investment and Green Jobs Creation2-Green Economy Management in balance with Environment3-Blue Economy Development with Sustainability 4-Green Environment and Natural Resources Management5-Human Resources Development and Green Education6-Effective Green Technology Management7-Promotion of a Green Social Safety System8-Uphold and Protection of Green Cultural Heritage and National Identity 9-Good Governance on Green Growth

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Way Forward

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Follow Up Activities/PlansDisseminate CCCSP & Keep developing CCAP

Publish and disseminate CCCSP to all stakeholders

Continue to coordinate all line ministries to preparation sectoral climate change action plans and finally, the national climate change action plan

Engage stakeholders including private sector to implement those sectoral and national strategic Plan and Action Plans.

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Follow Up Activities/PlansUpdating GHG inventory team- Moving from Project

Base to Institutional Base Approach

1: Development of of plans/strategies for GHG inventory institutional arrangement2: Capacity building for inventory compilation for GHG Inventory team 3: Implementing plans/strategies for a National Inventory System

MoE-USAIDSigning ceremony on May 31, 2013

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Follow Up Activities/PlansFollow up international GHG emission

reduction mechanisms/initiatives

In following with government position on Climate Change:- Keep continue to find further opportunity with CDM and CDM PoA,- Take consideration and adaption of new market mechanisms, i.e. JCM, and programmes like sectoral NAMA, REDD+, tec., that it could provide both economical and environmental benefits for Cambodia - Encourage/coordinate capacity building and promote appropriate technology transfer

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Follow Up Activities/PlansScale up existing potential emission reduction projects/activities-Review existing pilot project activities under various mitigation mechanisms, such as CDM, EEP for potential and scale up

- Finding new potential projects within potential sectors as stated in SNC particularly energy and transport, agriculture, forestry and land use, and waste - Engage public and private sectors into mitigation activities,

Strengthening existing and Finding cooperation partners

IGES, OECC, NEXUS, EEP, UNDP and other potential direct financial partners, i.e. WB, ADB, KfW, etc.,

Thank You !

For more information:Climate Change Department, 　Ministry of Environment

　 48, Samdech Preah, Sihanouk Bld, Phnom Penh, Cambodia 　 Phone: (855-23)218-370 Fax: (855-23)218-370

　 E-mail: rith_ccd@yahoo.comwww.camclimate.gov.kh

A greener Cambodia!