regulaciones tecnicas de la fia 2012

8/3/2019 REGULACIONES TECNICAS DE LA FIA 2012

1/77

2012FORMULAONETECHNICALREGULATIONS

CONTENTSSUMMARY

Pages

ARTICLE

1

:

DEFINITIONS

Pages

6

7

1.1 FormulaOneCar

1.2 Automobile

1.3 LandVehicle

1.4 Bodywork

1.5 Wheel

1.6 Completewheel

1.7 AutomobileMake

1.8

Event

1.9 Weight

1.10 Cubiccapacity

1.11 Supercharging

1.12 Cockpit

1.13 Sprungsuspension

1.14 Survivalcell

1.15 Camera

1.16

Camera

housing

1.17 Cockpitpadding

1.18 Brakecaliper

1.19 Electronicallycontrolled

1.20 KineticEnergyRecoverySystem(KERS)

1.21 Openandclosedsections

ARTICLE2:GENERALPRINCIPLES Page8

2.1 RoleoftheFIA

2.2 Amendmentstotheregulations2.3 Dangerousconstruction

2.4 Compliancewiththeregulations2.5 Newsystemsortechnologies

2.6 Measurements

2.7 Dutyofcompetitor


2/77

3.11 Bodyworkaroundthefrontwheels

3.12 Bodyworkfacingtheground3.13 Skidblock

3.14 Overhangs

3.15 Aerodynamicinfluence

3.16 Upperbodywork

3.17 Bodyworkflexibility

3.18 Driveradjustablebodywork

ARTICLE4:WEIGHT Page20

4.1 Minimumweight4.2 Weightdistribution

4.3 Weightoftyres

4.4 Ballast

4.5 Addingduringtherace

ARTICLE5:ENGINESANDKINETICENERGYRECOVERYSYSTEMS Pages2129

5.1 Enginespecification

5.2 Othermeansofpropulsion

5.3 Enginedimensions

5.4 Weightandcentreofgravity

5.5 Enginetorquedemand

5.6 Enginecontrol

5.7 Enginehighrevlimits

5.8 Exhaustsystems

5.9 Variablegeometrysystems

5.10 Fuelsystems

5.11 Electricalsystems

5.12 Engineactuators

5.13 Engineauxiliaries

5.14 Engineintakeair

5.15 Materialsandconstruction Definitions

5.16 MaterialsandconstructionGeneral

5.17 MaterialsandconstructionComponents

5.18 Startingtheengine

5.19 Stallpreventionsystems5.20 Replacingengineparts

ARTICLE6:FUELSYSTEM Pages2930

6.1 Fueltanks

6.2 Fittingsandpiping

6 3 C h bl t t


3/77

ARTICLE8:ELECTRICALSYSTEMS Pages3235

8.1 Softwareandelectronicsinspection8.2 Controlelectronics

8.3 Startsystems

8.4 Dataacquisition

8.5 Telemetry

8.6 Drivercontrolsanddisplays

8.7 Driverradio

8.8 Accidentdatarecorders(ADR)

8.9 Tracksignalinformationdisplay8.10 Medicalwarningsystem

8.11 Installationofelectricalsystemsorcomponents

ARTICLE9:TRANSMISSIONSYSTEM Pages3639

9.1 Transmissiontypes

9.2 Clutchcontrol

9.3 Tractioncontrol

9.4 Clutchdisengagement

9.5 Gearboxes9.6 Gearratios

9.7 Reversegear

9.8 Gearchanging

9.9 Torquetransfersystems

9.10 KineticEnergyRecoverySystem

ARTICLE10:SUSPENSIONANDSTEERINGSYSTEMS Pages4041

10.1 Sprungsuspension

10.2 Suspensiongeometry

10.3 Suspensionmembers

10.4 Steering10.5 Suspensionuprights

ARTICLE11:BRAKESYSTEM Pages4243

11.1 Brakecircuitsandpressuredistribution

11.2 Brakecalipers

11.3 Brakediscsandpads11.4 Airducts

11.5 Brakepressuremodulation

11.6 Liquidcooling

ARTICLE12:WHEELSANDTYRES Pages4446

12.1 Location


4/77


5/77

ARTICLE20:TELEVISIONCAMERASANDTIMINGTRANSPONDERS Page69

20.1 Presenceofcamerasandcamerahousings20.2 Locationofcamerahousings

20.3 Locationandfittingofcameraandequipment

20.4 Transponders

20.5 Installation

ARTICLE21:FINALTEXT Page70


6/77


7/77

1.12 Cockpit:

Thevolumewhichaccommodatesthedriver.

1.13 Sprungsuspension:

Themeanswherebyallcompletewheelsaresuspendedfromthebody/chassisunitbyaspringmedium.

1.14 Survivalcell:

Acontinuousclosedstructurecontainingthefueltankandthecockpit.

1.15Camera

:

Televisioncamerasthedimensionsofwhicharedefinedindrawing6.

1.16 Camerahousing:

Adevicewhichisidenticalinshapeandweighttoacameraandwhichissuppliedbytherelevantcompetitorforfittingtohiscarinlieuofacamera.

1.17 Cockpitpadding:

Nonstructuralpartsplacedwithinthecockpitforthesolepurposeofimprovingdrivercomfortandsafety.Allsuchmaterialmustbequicklyremovablewithouttheuseoftools.

1.18 Brakecaliper:

Allpartsofthebrakingsystemoutsidethesurvivalcell,otherthanbrakediscs,brakepads,caliperpistons,brakehosesandfittings,whicharestressedwhensubjectedtothebrakingpressure.Boltsorstudswhichareusedforattachmentarenotconsideredtobepartofthebrakingsystem.

1.19

Electronically

controlled

:

Anycommandsystemorprocessthatutilisessemiconductororthermionictechnology.

1.20 KineticEnergyRecoverySystem(KERS):

Asystemthatisdesignedtorecoverkineticenergyfromthecarduringbraking,storethatenergyandmakeitavailabletopropelthecar.

1.21 Openandclosedsections:Asectionwillbeconsideredclosedifitisfullycompletewithinthedimensionedboundaryto

whichitisreferenced,ifitisnotitwillbeconsideredopen.


8/77

ARTICLE2:GENERALPRINCIPLES

2.1

Roleof

the

FIA

:

ThefollowingtechnicalregulationsforFormulaOnecarsareissuedbytheFIA.

2.2 Amendmentstotheregulations:

ChangestotheseregulationsmayonlybemadeinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofThe2009ConcordeAgreement.

2.3 Dangerousconstruction:

Thestewardsofthemeetingmayexcludeavehiclewhoseconstructionisdeemedtobedangerous.

2.4 Compliancewiththeregulations:

AutomobilesmustcomplywiththeseregulationsintheirentiretyatalltimesduringanEvent.

Shouldacompetitorintroduceanewdesignorsystemorfeelthatanyaspectoftheseregulationsisunclear,clarificationmaybesoughtfromtheFIAFormulaOneTechnicalDepartment.Ifclarificationrelatestoanynewdesignorsystem,correspondencemustinclude:

Afulldescriptionofthedesignorsystem.

Drawingsorschematicswhereappropriate.

Thecompetitor'sopinionconcerningtheimmediateimplicationsonotherpartsofthecarofanyproposednewdesign.

Thecompetitor'sopinionconcerninganypossiblelongtermconsequencesornewdevelopmentswhichmaycomefromusinganysuchnewdesignsorsystems.

Theprecisewayorwaysinwhichthecompetitorfeelsthenewdesignorsystemwillenhancetheperformanceofthecar.

2.5 Newsystemsortechnologies:

Anynewsystem,procedureortechnologynotspecificallycoveredbytheseregulations,butwhichisdeemedpermissiblebytheFIAFormulaOneTechnicalDepartment,willonlybeadmitteduntiltheendoftheChampionshipduringwhichitisintroduced.FollowingthistheFormulaOneCommissionwillbeaskedtoreviewthetechnologyconcernedand,iftheyfeelitaddsnovaluetoFormulaOneingeneral,itwillbespecificallyprohibited.

Anyteamwhosetechnologyisprohibitedinthiswaywillthenberequiredtopublishfull

technicaldetailsoftherelevantsystemorprocedure.

2.6 Measurements:

Allmeasurementsmustbemadewhilethecarisstationaryonaflathorizontalsurface.

2.7 DutyofCompetitor:

It is the duty of each competitor to satisfy the FIA technical delegate and the stewards of the


9/77

ARTICLE3:BODYWORKANDDIMENSIONS

OneofthepurposesoftheregulationsunderArticle3belowistominimizethedetrimentaleffectthatthewakeofacarmayhaveonafollowingcar.

Furthermore,infiniteprecisioncanbeassumedoncertaindimensionsprovideditisclearthatsuchanassumptionisnotbeingmadeinordertocircumventorsubverttheintentionoftherelevantregulation.

Forillustrationsrefertodrawings1A17AintheAppendixtotheseregulations.

3.1 Wheelcentreline:

Thecentrelineofanywheelshallbedeemedtobehalfwaybetweentwostraightedges,perpendiculartothesurfaceonwhichthecarisstanding,placedagainstoppositesidesofthecompletewheelatthecentreofthetyretread.

3.2 Heightmeasurements:

Allheightmeasurementswillbetakennormaltoandfromthereferenceplane.

3.3 Overallwidth:

Theoverallwidthofthecar,excludingtyres,mustnotexceed1800mmwiththesteeredwheelsinthestraightaheadposition.

3.4 Widthaheadoftherearwheelcentreline:

3.4.1 Bodyworkwidthbetweenthefrontandtherearwheelcentrelinesmustnotexceed1400mm.

3.4.2 Inordertopreventtyredamagetoothercars,anybodyworkoutboardofthemostinboardpartofthebodyworkusedtodefinethearearequiredbyArticle3.7.5,andwhichismorethan450mmaheadofthefrontwheelcentreline,mustbeatleast10mmthick(beingtheminimum

distance

when

measured

normal

to

the

surface

in

any

direction)

with

a

5mm

radius

applied

to

allextremities.

3.4.3 Inordertoavoidthespreadofdebrisonthetrackfollowinganaccident,theouterskinsofthefrontwingendplatesandanyturningvanesinthevicinityofthefrontwheels(andanysimilarlyvulnerablebodyworkpartsinthisarea),mustbemadepredominantlyfrommaterialswhichareincludedforthespecificpurposeofcontainingdebris.

TheFIAmustbesatisfiedthatallsuchpartsareconstructedinordertoachievethestatedobjective.

3.5

Widthbehind

the

rear

wheel

centre

line

:

3.5.1 Thewidthofbodyworkbehindtherearwheelcentrelineandlessthan150mmabovethereferenceplanemustnotexceed1000mm.

3.5.2 Thewidthofbodyworkbehindtherearwheelcentrelineandmorethan150mmabovethereferenceplanemustnotexceed750mm.


10/77

3.7.2 Anyhorizontalsectiontakenthroughbodyworklocatedforwardofapointlying450mm

forwardofthefrontwheelcentreline,lessthan250mmfromthecarcentreline,andbetween125mmand200mmabovethereferenceplane,mayonlycontaintwoclosedsymmetricalsectionswithamaximumtotalareaof5000mm

2.Thethicknessofeachsectionmaynot

exceed25mmwhenmeasuredperpendiculartothecarcentreline.

Oncefullydefined,thesectionsat125mmabovethereferenceplanemustbeprojectedverticallytojointheprofilerequiredbyArticle3.7.3.Aradiusnogreaterthan10mmmaybeusedwherethesesectionsjoin.

3.7.3 Forwardofapointlying450mmaheadofthefrontwheelcentrelineandlessthan250mm

fromthecarcentrelineandlessthan125mmabovethereferenceplane,onlyonesinglesectionmaybecontainedwithinanylongitudinalverticalcrosssectionparalleltothecarcentreline.Furthermore,withtheexceptionoflocalchangesofsectionwherethebodyworkdefinedinArticle3.7.2attachestothissection,theprofile,incidenceandpositionofthissectionmustconformtodrawing7.

3.7.4 Intheareaboundedbylinesbetween450mmand1000mmaheadofthefrontwheelcentreline,250mmand400mmfromthecarcentrelineandbetween75mmand275mmabovethereferenceplane,theprojectedareaofallbodyworkontothelongitudinalcentreplaneofthe

carmustbenomorethan20,000mm2

.3.7.5 Aheadofthefrontwheelcentrelineandbetween750mmand840mmfromthecarcentreline

theremustbebodyworkwithaprojectedareaofnolessthan95,000mm2insideview.

3.7.6 Aheadofthefrontwheelcentrelineandbetween840mmand900mmfromthecarcentrelinetheremustbebodyworkwithaprojectedareaofnolessthan28,000mm2inplanview.Furthermore,whenviewedfromunderneath,thebodyworkinthisareamustformonecontinuoussurfacewhichmaynotbemorethan100mmabovethereferenceplane.

3.7.7

Any

longitudinal

vertical

cross

section

taken

through

bodywork

ahead

of

the

front

wheel

centrelineandbetween840mmand900mmfromthecarcentrelinemustcontainanareanogreaterthan15,000mm2.

3.7.8 Onlyasinglesection,whichmustbeopen,maybecontainedwithinanylongitudinalverticalcrosssectiontakenparalleltothecarcentrelineforwardofapoint150mmaheadofthefrontwheelcentreline,lessthan250mmfromthecarcentrelineandmorethan125mmabovethereferenceplane.

AnycamerasorcamerahousingsapprovedbytheFIAinadditiontoasingleinletaperturefor

thepurposeofdrivercooling(suchaperturehavingamaximumprojectedsurfaceareaof1500mm2andbeingsituatedforwardofthesectionreferredtoinArticle15.4.3)willbeexemptfromtheabove.

3.7.9 Nobodyworksituatedmorethan1950mmforwardofrearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplatemaybemorethan550mmabovethereferenceplane.

3 8 Bodywork in front of the rear wheels :


11/77

3.8.3 Nobodyworkbetweentherearwheelcentrelineandaline400mmforwardoftherearwheel

centre

line,

which

is

more

than

375mm

from

the

car

centre

line,

may

be

more

than

300mm

abovethereferenceplane.

3.8.4 Anyverticalcrosssectionofbodyworknormaltothecarcentrelinesituatedinthevolumesdefinedbelowmustformonetangentcontinuouscurveonitsexternalsurface.Thistangentcontinuouscurvemaynotcontainanyradiuslessthan75mm:

a) Thevolumebetween50mmforwardoftherearwheelcentrelineand300mmrearwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplate,whichismorethan25mmfromthecarcentrelineandmorethan100mmabovethereferenceplane.

b) Thevolumebetween300mmrearwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplateandtherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplate,whichismorethan125mmfromthecarcentrelineandmorethan100mmabovethereferenceplane.

c) Thevolumebetweentherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplateand450mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplate,whichismorethan350mmfromthecarcentrelineandmorethan100mmabovethereferenceplane.

d) Thevolumebetweentherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplateand450mmforwardof

therearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplate,whichismorethan125mmfromthecarcentrelineandmorethan675mmabovethereferenceplane.

Thesurfaceslyingwithinthesevolumes,whicharesituatedmorethan55mmforwardoftherearwheelcentreline,mustnotcontainanyapertures(otherthanthosepermittedbyArticle3.8.5)orcontainanyverticalsurfaceswhichlienormaltothecarcentreline.

3.8.5 OncetherelevantbodyworksurfacesaredefinedinaccordancewithArticle3.8.4,apertures,anyofwhichmayadjoinoroverlapeachother,maybeaddedforthefollowingpurposesonly:

a)

Single

apertures

either

side

of

the

car

centre

line

for

the

purpose

of

exhaust

exits.

These

aperturesmayhaveacombinedareaofnomorethan50,000mm2whenprojectedonto

thesurfaceitself.Nopointonanaperturemaybemorethan350mmfromanyotherpointontheaperture.

b) Apertureseithersideofthecarcentrelineforthepurposeofallowingsuspensionmembersanddriveshaftstoprotrudethroughthebodywork.Onlyoneaperturemaybeaddedforeachsuspensionmemberandnosuchaperturemayhaveanareagreaterthan12,000mm

2whenprojectedontothesurfaceitself.Nopointonanaperturemay

bemorethan200mmfromanyotherpointontheaperture.

3.8.6 TheimpactabsorbingstructuresdefinedbyArticle15.5.2mustbefullyenclosedbybodywork,suchthatnopartoftheimpactstructureisincontactwiththeexternalairflow.Whencutbyalongitudinalverticalplane,thebodyworkenclosingtheseimpactstructuresmustnotformclosedsectionsintheregionbetween450mmand875mmforwardoftherearedgeofthecockpittemplate.


12/77

3.10 Bodyworkbehindtherearwheelcentreline:

3.10.1 Anybodyworkmorethan150mmbehindtherearwheelcentrelinewhichisbetween150mmand730mmabovethereferenceplane,andbetween75mmand355mmfromthecarcentreline,mustlieinanareawhenviewedfromthesideofthecarthatissituatedbetween150mmand350mmbehindtherearwheelcentrelineandbetween300mmand400mmabovethereferenceplane.Whenviewedfromthesideofthecarnolongitudinalverticalcrosssectionmayhavemorethanonesectioninthisarea.Furthermore,nopartofthissectionincontactwiththeexternalairstreammayhavealocalconcaveradiusofcurvaturesmallerthan100mm.

Oncethissectionisdefined,gurneytypetrimtabsmaybefittedtothetrailingedge.When

measuredinanylongitudinalcrosssectionnodimensionofanysuchtrimtabmayexceed20mm.

3.10.2 OtherthanthebodyworkdefinedinArticle3.10.9,anybodyworkbehindapointlying50mmforwardoftherearwheelcentrelinewhichismorethan730mmabovethereferenceplane,andlessthan355mmfromthecarcentreline,mustlieinanareawhenviewedfromthesideofthecarthatissituatedbetweentherearwheelcentrelineandapoint350mmbehindit.

WiththeexceptionofminimalpartssolelyassociatedwithadjustmentofthesectioninaccordancewithArticle3.18:

Whenviewedfromthesideofthecar,nolongitudinalverticalcrosssectionmayhavemorethantwosectionsinthisarea,eachofwhichmustbeclosed.

Nopartoftheselongitudinalcrosssectionsincontactwiththeexternalairstreammayhavealocalconcaveradiusofcurvaturesmallerthan100mm.

Oncetherearmostanduppermostsectionisdefined,gurneytypetrimtabsmaybefittedtothetrailingedge.Whenmeasuredinanylongitudinalverticalcrosssectionnodimensionofanysuchtrimtabmayexceed20mm.

Thechordoftherearmostanduppermostclosedsectionmustalwaysbesmallerthanthechordofthelowermostsectionatthesamelateralstation.

Furthermore,thedistancebetweenadjacentsectionsatanylongitudinalverticalplanemustliebetween10mmand15mmattheirclosestposition,except,inaccordancewithArticle3.18,whenthisdistancemustliebetween10mmand50mm.

3.10.3 InordertoensurethattheindividualprofilesandtherelationshipbetweenthesetwosectionscanonlychangewhilstthecarisinmotioninaccordancewithArticle3.18,theymustbe

bridgedbymeansofpairsofrigidimpervioussupportsarrangedsuchthatnopartofthetrailingedgeoftheforwardsectionmaybemorethan200mmlaterallyfromapairofsupports.Thesepairsofsupportsmust:

Belocatednomorethan355mmfromthecarcentreline.

Fullyencloseeachcompletesectionsuchthattheirinnerprofilesmatchthatofeachsection With the exception of minimal local changes where the two sections are


13/77

Bearrangedsothatanycurvatureoccursonlyinahorizontalplane(otherthanwhen

this

bodywork

is

adjusted

in

accordance

with

Article

3.18).

Bebetween2mmand5mmthick.

Berigidlyfixedtotheirrespectivesections.

Beconstructedfromamaterialwithmodulusgreaterthan50GPa.

ThesesupportswillbeignoredwhenassessingwhetherthecarisincompliancewithArticles3.6,3.9.2,3.10.1,3.10.2,3.10.4and3.10.6.

3.10.4 Nopartofthecarbetween75mmand355mmfromthecarcentrelinemaybemorethan350mmbehindtherearwheelcentreline.

3.10.5 Anypartsofthecarlessthan75mmfromthecarcentrelineandmorethan500mmbehindtherearwheelcentrelinemustbesituatedbetween200mmand400mmabovethereferenceplane.

3.10.6 Nopartofthecarlessthan75mmfromthecarcentrelineandmorethan350mmbehindtherearwheelcentrelinemaybemorethan400mmabovethereferenceplane.

3.10.7 Nopartofthecarmorethan375mmfromthecarcentrelinemaybemorethan350mm

behindtherearwheelcentreline.

3.10.8 Insideview,theprojectedareaofanybodyworklyingbetween300mmand950mmabovethereferenceplaneandbetweentherearwheelcentrelineandapoint600mmbehinditandmorethan355mmfromthecarcentrelinemustbegreaterthan330000mm.

3.10.9 Anyhorizontalsectionbetween600mmand730mmabovethereferenceplane,takenthroughbodyworklocatedrearwardofapointlying50mmforwardoftherearwheelcentrelineandlessthan75mmfromthecarcentreline,maycontainnomorethantwoclosedsymmetricalsectionswithamaximumtotalareaof5000mm

2.Thethicknessofeachsectionmaynot

exceed25mmwhenmeasuredperpendiculartothecarcentreline.

Oncefullydefined,thesectionat725mmabovethereferenceplanemaybeextrudedupwardstojointhesectionsdefinedinArticle3.10.2.Afilletradiusnogreaterthan10mmmaybeusedwherethesesectionsjoin.

3.11 Bodyworkaroundthefrontwheels:3.11.1 WiththeexceptionoftheairductsdescribedinArticle11.4andthemirrorsdescribedin

Article3.8.1,inplanview,theremustbenobodyworkintheareaformedbytheintersection

ofthefollowinglines:

Alongitudinallineparalleltoand900mmfromthecarcentreline.

Atransverseline450mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentreline.

Adiagonallinefrom450mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentrelineand400mmfromthecar centre line to 750mm forward of the front wheel centre line and 250mm from the


14/77

Atransverseline625mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplate.

Forreferencethisareaisshownindrawing17AintheAppendixtotheseregulations.

3.11.2 WiththeexceptionoftheairductsdescribedinArticle11.4,insideview,theremustbenobodyworkintheareaformedbytwoverticallines,one325mmbehindthefrontwheelcentreline,one450mmaheadofthefrontwheelcentreline,onediagonallineintersectingtheverticallinesat100mmand200mmabovethereferenceplanerespectively,andonehorizontallineonthereferenceplane.

3.12 Bodyworkfacingtheground:

3.12.1 WiththeskidblockreferredtoinArticle3.13removedallsprungpartsofthecarsituatedfrom330mmbehindthefrontwheelcentrelinetotherearwheelcentreline,andwhicharevisiblefromunderneath,mustformsurfaceswhichlieononeoftwoparallelplanes,thereferenceplaneorthestepplane.Thisdoesnotapplytoanypartsofrearviewmirrorswhicharevisible,providedeachoftheseareasdoesnotexceed12000mmwhenprojectedtoahorizontalplaneabovethecar,ortoanypartsofthepanelsreferredtoinArticle15.4.7and15.4.8.

Thestepplanemustbe50mmabovethereferenceplane.

3.12.2 Additionally,thesurfaceformedbyallpartslyingonthereferenceplanemust:

Covertheareawhichisboundedbytwotransversallines,one330mmbehindthefrontwheelcentrelineandtheotherontherearwheelcentreline,andtwolongitudinallines150mmeithersideofthecarcentreline.

Haveamaximumwidthof500mm.

Besymmetricalaboutthecarcentreline.

Havea50mmradius(+/2mm)oneachfrontcornerwhenviewedfromdirectlybeneaththecar,thisbeingappliedafterthesurfacehasbeendefined.

3.12.3 Thesurfacelyingonthereferenceplanemustbejoinedarounditsperipherytothesurfaceslyingonthestepplanebyaverticaltransition.Ifthereisnosurfacevisibleonthestepplaneverticallyaboveanypointaroundtheperipheryofthereferenceplane,thistransitionisnotnecessary.

3.12.4 Theboundariesofthesurfaceslyingonthereferenceandstepplanesmaybecurvedupwardswithmaximumradiiof25mmand50mmrespectively.Wheretheverticaltransitionmeetsthesurfacesonthestepplanearadius,nogreaterthan25mm,ispermitted.

Aradiusinthiscontextwillbeconsideredasanarcappliedperpendiculartotheboundaryandtangentialtobothsurfaces.

Thesurfacelyingonthereferenceplane,thesurfaceslyingonthestepplane,theverticaltransitionsbetweenthemandanysurfacesrearwardofthesurfaceslyingonthereferenceorstepplanes,mustfirstbefullydefinedbeforeanyradiuscanbeappliedortheskidblockfitted.Any radius applied is still considered part of the relevant surface


15/77

3.12.6 Tohelpovercomeanypossiblemanufacturingproblems,andnottopermitanydesignwhich

may

contravene

any

part

of

these

regulations,

a

horizontal

tolerance

of

3mm

is

permitted

whenassessingwhetherasurfaceisvisiblefrombeneaththecar.Inadditiontothis,anabsoluteverticaltoleranceof+/ 3mmispermissibleacrossthesurfaceslyingonthereferenceandstepplanesbetweenapointlying330mmbehindthefrontwheelcentrelineandtherearwheelcentreline.

3.12.7 Nobodyworkwhichisvisiblefrombeneaththecarandwhichliesbetweentherearwheelcentrelineandapoint350mmrearwardofitmaybemorethan125mmabovethereferenceplane.Withtheexceptionoftheaperturedescribedbelow,anyintersectionofthesurfacesinthisareawithalateralorlongitudinalverticalplaneshouldformonecontinuouslinewhichisvisiblefrombeneaththecar.

AnapertureforthepurposeofallowingaccessforthedevicereferredtoinArticle5.16ispermittedinthissurface.However,nosuchaperturemayhaveanareagreaterthan3500mm2whenprojectedontothesurfaceitselfandnopointontheaperturemaybemorethan100mmfromanyotherpointontheaperture.

Additionally,anybodyworkinthisareamustproduceuniform,solid,hard,continuous,rigid(nodegreeoffreedominrelationtothebody/chassisunit),impervioussurfacesunderall

circumstances).

3.12.8 Allsprungpartsofthecarsituatedbehindtherearwheelcentreline,whicharevisiblefromunderneathandaremorethan250mmfromthecarcentreline,mustbeatleast50mmabovethereferenceplane.

3.12.9 Inanarealying450mmorlessfromthecarcentreline,andfrom450mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplateto350mmrearwardoftherearwheelcentreline,anyintersectionofanybodyworkvisiblefrombeneaththecarwithalateralorlongitudinalverticalplaneshouldformonecontinuouslinewhichisvisiblefrombeneaththecar.Whenassessing

thecomplianceofbodyworksurfacesinthisareatheaperturereferredtoinArticle3.12.7neednotbeconsidered.

3.12.10Inanarealying650mmorlessfromthecarcentreline,andfrom450mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplateto350mmforwardoftherearwheelcentreline,anyintersectionofanybodyworkvisiblefrombeneaththecarwithalateralorlongitudinalverticalplaneshouldformonecontinuouslinewhichisvisiblefrombeneaththecar.

3.12.11CompliancewithArticle3.12mustbedemonstratedwiththepanelsreferredtoinArticles15.4.7and15.4.8andallunsprungpartsofthecarremoved.

3.13 Skidblock:

3.13.1 Beneaththesurfaceformedbyallpartslyingonthereferenceplane,arectangularskidblock,witha50mmradius(+/2mm)oneachfrontcorner,mustbefitted.Thisskidblockmaycomprisenomorethanthreepieces,theforwardoneofwhichmaynotbeanylessthan1000mminlength,butmust:


16/77


17/77

3.16 Upperbodywork:

3.16.1 WiththeexceptionoftheopeningdescribedinArticle3.16.3,whenviewedfromtheside,thecarmusthavebodyworkintheareaboundedbyfourlines.Onevertical1330mmforwardoftherearwheelcentreline,onehorizontal550mmabovethereferenceplane,onehorizontal925mmabovethereferenceplaneandonediagonalwhichintersectsthe925mmhorizontalatapoint1000mmforwardoftherearwheelcentrelineandthe550mmhorizontalatapointlying50mmforwardoftherearwheelcentreline.

Bodyworkwithinthisareamustbearrangedsymmetricallyaboutthecarcentrelineand,whenmeasured200mmverticallybelowthediagonalboundaryline,musthaveminimumwidthsof

150mmand50mmrespectivelyatpointslying1000mmand50mmforwardoftherearwheelcentreline.Thisbodyworkmustlieonoroutsidetheboundarydefinedbyalineartaperbetweentheseminimumwidths.

3.16.2 Bodyworklyingverticallyabovetheupperboundaryasdefinedin3.16.1maybenowiderthan125mmandmustbearrangedsymmetricallyaboutthecarcentreline.

3.16.3 Inorderthatacarmaybeliftedquicklyintheeventofitstoppingonthecircuit,theprincipalrolloverstructuremustincorporateaclearlyvisibleunobstructedopeningdesignedtopermitastrap,whosesectionmeasures60mmx30mm,topassthroughit.

3.17 Bodyworkflexibility:

3.17.1 Bodyworkmaydeflectnomorethan20mmverticallywhena1000Nloadisappliedverticallytoit800mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentrelineand795mmfromthecarcentreline.Theloadwillbeappliedinadownwarddirectionusinga50mmdiameterramtothecentreofareaofanadaptermeasuring300mmx150mm,the300mmlengthhavingbeenpositionedparalleltothecarcentreline.Teamsmustsupplytheadapterwhensuchatestisdeemednecessary.

Thedeflectionwillbemeasuredalongtheloadingaxisatthebottomofthebodyworkatthis

pointandrelativetothereferenceplane.

3.17.2 Bodyworkmaydeflectnomorethan10mmverticallywhena500Nloadisappliedverticallytoit450mmforwardoftherearwheelcentrelineand650mmfromthecarcentreline.Theloadwillbeappliedinadownwarddirectionusinga50mmdiameterramandanadapterofthesamesize.Teamsmustsupplythelatterwhensuchatestisdeemednecessary.

3.17.3 Bodyworkmaydeflectbynomorethanonedegreehorizontallywhenaloadof1000Nisappliedsimultaneouslytoitsextremitiesinarearwarddirection925mmabovethereferenceplaneand20mmforwardoftheforwardedgeoftherearwingendplate.

3.17.4 Bodyworkmaydeflectnomorethan2mmverticallywhena500Nloadisappliedsimultaneouslytoeachsideofit200mmbehindtherearwheelcentreline,325mmfromthecarcentrelineand970mmabovethereferenceplane.Thedeflectionwillbemeasuredattheouterextremitiesofthebodyworkatapoint345mmbehindtherearwheelcentreline.

Theloadwillbeappliedinadownwarddirectionthroughpadsmeasuring200mmx100mm


18/77

Furthermore,thebodyworkbeingtestedinthisareamaynotincludeanycomponentwhichiscapableofallowingmorethanthepermittedamountofdeflectionunderthetestload(includinganylineardeflectionabovethetestload),suchcomponentscouldinclude,butarenotlimitedto:

a) Joints,bearingspivotsoranyotherformofarticulation.

b) Dampers,hydraulicsoranyformoftimedependentcomponentorstructure.

c) Bucklingmembersoranycomponentordesignwhichmayhaveanynonlinearcharacteristics.

d) Anypartswhichmaysystematicallyorroutinelyexhibitpermanentdeformation.

3.17.6 Theuppermostaerofoilelementlyingbehindtherearwheelcentrelinemaydeflectnomorethan5mmhorizontallywhena500Nloadisappliedhorizontally.Theloadwillbeapplied950mmabovethereferenceplaneatthreeseparatepointswhichlieonthecarcentrelineand190mmeithersideofit.Theloadswillbeappliedinarearwarddirectionusingasuitable25mmwideadapterwhichmustbesuppliedbytherelevantteam.

3.17.7 Theforwardmostaerofoilelementlyingbehindtherearwheelcentrelineandwhichliesmorethan730mmabovethereferenceplanemaydeflectnomorethan2mmverticallywhena200N

loadisappliedvertically.Theloadwillbeappliedinlinewiththetrailingedgeoftheelementatanypointacrossitswidth.Theloadswillbeappliedusingasuitableadapter,suppliedbytherelevantteam,which:

Maybenomorethan50mmwide.

Whichextendsnomorethan10mmforwardofthetrailingedge.

Incorporatesan8mmfemalethreadintheunderside.

3.17.8 InordertoensurethattherequirementsofArticle3.15arerespected,theFIAreservestherighttointroducefurtherload/deflectiontestsonanypartofthebodyworkwhichappearstobe(orissuspectedof),movingwhilstthecarisinmotion.

3.18 Driveradjustablebodywork:

3.18.1 TheincidenceoftherearmostanduppermostclosedsectiondescribedinArticle3.10.2maybevariedwhilstthecarisinmotionprovided:

Itcomprisesonlyonecomponentthatmustbesymmetricallyarrangedaboutthecarcentrelinewithaminimumwidthof708mm.

Withtheexceptionofminimalpartssolelyassociatedwithadjustmentofthesection,nopartsofthesectionincontactwiththeexternalairstreammaybelocatedanymorethan355mmfromofthecarcentreline.

Withtheexceptionofanyminimalpartssolelyassociatedwithadjustmentoftherearmostanduppermostsection,twoclosedsectionsareusedintheareadescribedin


19/77

AnyalterationoftheincidenceoftheuppermostclosedsectionmayonlybecommandedbydirectdriverinputandcontrolledusingthecontrolelectronicsspecifiedinArticle8.2.

3.18.2 Theadjustablebodyworkmaybeactivatedbythedriveratanytimepriortothestartoftheraceand,forthesolepurposeofimprovingovertakingopportunitiesduringtherace,afterthedriverhascompletedaminimumoftwolapsaftertheracestartorfollowingasafetycarperiod.

Thedrivermayonlyactivatetheadjustablebodyworkintheracewhenhehasbeennotifiedviathecontrolelectronics(seeArticle8.2)thatitisenabled.Itwillonlybeenabledifthedriver

islessthanonesecondbehindanotheratanyofthepredeterminedpositionsaroundeachcircuit.Thesystemwillbedisabledbythecontrolelectronicsthefirsttimethedriverusesthebrakesafterhehasactivatedthesystem.

TheFIAmay,afterconsultingallcompetitors,adjusttheabovetimeproximityinordertoensurethestatedpurposeoftheadjustablebodyworkismet.


20/77

ARTICLE4:WEIGHT

4.1

Minimumweight

:

Theweightofthecarmustnotbelessthan640kgatalltimesduringtheEvent.

If,whenrequiredforchecking,acarisnotalreadyfittedwithdryweathertyres,itwillbeweighedonasetofdryweathertyresselectedbytheFIAtechnicaldelegate.

4.2 Weightdistribution:

For2012and2013only,theweightappliedonthefrontandrearwheelsmustnotbelessthan291kgand342kgrespectivelyatalltimesduringthequalifyingpracticesession.

If,whenrequiredforchecking,acarisnotalreadyfittedwithdryweathertyres,itwillbeweighedonasetofdryweathertyresselectedbytheFIAtechnicaldelegate.

4.3 Weightoftyres:

TheweightlimitsspecifiedinArticles4.1and4.2willbeadjustedaccordingtoanydifferences(roundeduptothenearest1kg)betweenthetotalsetandindividualaxlesetweightsrespectivelyofthe2010and2011dryweathertyres.

4.4

Ballast

:

Ballastcanbeusedprovideditissecuredinsuchawaythattoolsarerequiredforitsremoval.ItmustbepossibletofixsealsifdeemednecessarybytheFIAtechnicaldelegate.

4.5 Addingduringtherace:

Withtheexceptionofcompressedgases,nosubstancemaybeaddedtothecarduringtherace.Ifitbecomesnecessarytoreplaceanypartofthecarduringtherace,thenewpartmustnotweighanymorethantheoriginalpart.


21/77

ARTICLE5:ENGINESANDKINETICENERGYRECOVERYSYSTEMS

5.1

Enginespecification

:

5.1.1 Only4strokeengineswithreciprocatingpistonsarepermitted.

5.1.2 Enginecapacitymustnotexceed2400cc.

5.1.3 Crankshaftrotationalspeedmustnotexceed18,000rpm.

5.1.4 Superchargingisforbidden.

5.1.5 Allenginesmusthave8cylindersarrangedina90Vconfigurationandthenormalsectionof

eachcylindermustbecircular.5.1.6 Enginesmusthavetwoinletandtwoexhaustvalvespercylinder.

Onlyreciprocatingpoppetvalvesarepermitted.

Thesealinginterfacebetweenthemovingvalvecomponentandthestationaryenginecomponentmustbecircular.

5.2 Othermeansofpropulsion:

5.2.1

The

use

of

any

device,

other

than

the

2.4

litre,

four

stroke

engine

described

in

5.1

above

and

oneKERS,topowerthecar,isnotpermitted.

5.2.2 WiththeexceptionofonefullychargedKERS,thetotalamountofrecoverableenergystoredonthecarmustnotexceed300kJ.Anywhichmayberecoveredatarategreaterthan2kWmustnotexceed20kJ.

5.2.3 Themaximumpower,inorout,ofanyKERSmustnotexceed60kW.

EnergyreleasedfromtheKERSmaynotexceed400kJinanyonelap.

Measurementswillbetakenattheconnectiontotherearwheeldrivetrain.

5.2.4 TheamountofstoredenergyinanyKERSmaynotbeincreasedwhilstthecarisstationaryduringaracepitstop.

Releaseofpowerfromanysuchsystemmustremainunderthecompletecontrolofthedriveratalltimesthecarisonthetrack.

5.2.5 CarsmustbefittedwithhomologatedsensorswhichprovideallnecessarysignalstotheSDRinordertoverifytherequirementsabovearebeingrespected.

5.3

Enginedimensions

:

5.3.1 Cylinderborediametermaynotexceed98mm.

5.3.2 Cylinderspacingmustbefixedat106.5mm(+/ 0.2mm).

5.3.3 Thecrankshaftcentrelinemustnotbelessthan58mmabovethereferenceplane.


22/77

5.4.5 WhenestablishingconformitywithArticle5.4,theenginewillnotinclude:

Clutchandclutchactuationsystem.

Flywheel.

Electroniccontrolunitsoranyassociateddevicescontainingprogrammablesemiconductors.

Thealternatorregulator.

Liquids.

Exhaustmanifolds. Heatshields.

Oiltanks,catchtanksoranybreathersystemconnectedtothem.

Studsusedtomounttheenginetothechassisorgearbox.

Watersystemaccumulators.

Heatexchangers.

Hydraulicsystem(e.g.pumps,accumulators,manifolds,servovalves,solenoids,actuators)exceptservovalveandactuatorforenginethrottlecontrol.

Fuelpumpsnoranycomponentnotmountedontheenginewhenfittedtothecar.

Anyancillaryequipmentassociatedwiththeenginevalveairsystem,suchashoses,regulators,reservoirsorcompressors.

Furthermore,anypartswhicharenotordinarilypartofanenginewillnotbeincludedwhenassessingitsweight.Examplesofthiscouldbe,butarenotlimitedto:

Wiringharnesseshavingonlyapartialassociationwithengineactuatorsorsensors.

Abellhousingdesignedtobeintegralwiththeenginecrankcase.

Topenginemountingsdesignedhigherthannecessarywithintegralwebsorstruts.Thecentreofanyenginemountingwhichispartofacamcovershouldnotbeanymorethan100mmabovealinebetweenthecamshaftcentres,whenmeasuredparalleltoit.Anywebsintegralwiththecamcovershouldnotextendfurtherbackthanthecentreofthesecondcylinderbore.

Ballast.Thisispermittedontheengine(subjecttotherequirementsofArticle4.4)butanyinexcessof2kgwillberemovedfromtheenginebeforemeasuringengineweightorcentreofgravityheight.

5.5 Enginetorquedemand:

5.5.1 Theonlymeansbywhichthedrivermaycontroltheenginetorqueisviaasinglechassis


23/77

5.5.5 Atanygivenenginespeedthedrivertorquedemandmapmustbemonotonicallyincreasingforanincreaseinacceleratorpedalposition.

5.5.6 Atanygivenacceleratorpedalpositionandabove5,000rpm,thedrivertorquedemandmapmustnothaveagradientoflessthan(minus)0.030Nm/rpm.

5.6 Enginecontrol:

5.6.1 Themaximumdelayallowed,computedfromtherespectivesignalsasrecordedbytheADRorECU,betweentheacceleratorpedalpositioninputsignalandthecorrespondingoutputdemandbeingachievedis50ms.

5.6.2 TeamsmayberequiredtodemonstratetheaccuracyoftheengineconfigurationsusedbytheECU.

5.6.3 ThemaximumthrottletargetmapintheECUmayonlybeusedtoavoidthrottletargetoscillationswhenthechangeoftorqueissmallforachangeofthrottleposition.Itmustnotbeusedtoartificiallyreducethemaximumenginetorque.

Theselectionofthemaximumthrottletargetmapwillbefixedduringqualifyingandrace.

5.6.4 Enginecontrolmustnotbeinfluencedbyclutchposition,movementoroperation.

5.6.5 Theidlespeedcontroltargetmaynotexceed5,000rpm.

5.6.6 Exceptwhenantistalloridlespeedcontrolareactive,ignitionbaseoffsetsmayonlybeappliedabove80%throttleand15,000rpmandforthesolepurposeofreducingcylinderpressureforreliability.

5.6.7 AnumberofengineprotectionsareavailableintheECU.

Aminimumofninesecondsholdtimeshouldbeconfiguredfortheengineprotectionsenabledduringqualifyingandrace.Theconfigurationoftheairtrayfiredetectionandthrottlefailsafe

areexceptionallyunrestrictedinordertoalloweachteamtoachievethebestlevelofsafety.5.7 Enginehighrevlimits:

Enginehighrevlimitsmayvaryfordifferingconditionsprovidedallaresignificantlyabovethepeakoftheenginetorquecurve.However,alowerrevlimitmaybeusedwhen:

Thegearboxisinneutral.

Stallpreventionisactive.

The

driver

clutch

request

is

greater

than

95%

of

the

total

available

travel

of

the

driver

clutchactuationdevice,usedonlytoprotecttheenginefollowingadrivererror.

Anengineprotectionisactive.

Thebitepointfinderstrategyisactive.

Thesafetycarisdeployedorduringtheformationlap.


24/77

5.8.3 Thelast100mmofanytailpipemustinitsentirety:

a) Formathinwalledunobstructedrightcircularcylinderwhoseinternaldiameterisnogreaterthan75mmwithitsaxisat+/10tothecarcentrelinewhenviewedfromabovethecarandbetween+10and+30(tailup)tothereferenceplanewhenviewedfromthesideofthecar.Theentirecircumferenceoftheexitshouldlieonasingleplanenormaltothetailpipeaxisandbelocatedattherearmostextremityofthelast100mmofthetailpipe.

b) Belocatedbetween250mmand600mmabovethereferenceplane.

c) Belocatedbetween200mmand500mmfromthecarcentreline.

d) Bepositionedinorderthattheentirecircumferenceoftheexitofthetailpipeliesbetweentwoverticalplanesnormaltothecarcentrelineandwhichlie500mmand1200mmforwardoftherearwheelcentreline.

5.8.4 Oncetheexhausttailpipes,thebodyworkrequiredbyArticle3.8.4andanyaperturespermittedbyArticle3.8.5havebeenfullydefinedtheremustbenobodyworklyingwithinarightcirculartruncatedconewhich:

a) Sharesacommonaxiswiththatofthelast100mmofthetailpipe.

b) Hasaforwarddiameterequaltothatofeachexhaustexit.

c) Startsattheexitofthetailpipeandextendsrearwardsasfarastherearwheelcentreline.

d) Hasahalfconeangleof3suchthattheconehasitslargerdiameterattherearwheelcentreline.

Furthermore,theremustbeaviewfromabove,theside,oranyintermediateangleperpendiculartothecarcentreline,fromwhichthetruncatedconeisnotobscuredbyany

bodyworklyingmorethan50mmforwardoftherearwheelcentreline.

5.9 Variablegeometrysystems:

5.9.1 Variablegeometryinletsystemsarenotpermitted.

5.9.2 Variablegeometryexhaustsystemsarenotpermitted.

5.9.3 Variablevalvetimingandvariablevalveliftsystemsarenotpermitted.

5.10 Fuelsystems:

5.10.1 Thepressureofthefuelsuppliedtotheinjectorsmaynotexceed100bar.Sensorsmustbefittedwhichdirectlymeasurethepressureofthefuelsuppliedtotheinjectors,thesesignalsmustbesuppliedtotheFIAdatalogger.

5.10.2 Onlyonefuelinjectorpercylinderispermittedwhichmustinjectdirectlyintothesideorthetopoftheinletport.


25/77

WiththeexceptionofanyKERSorcapacitorcircuitryorcoilsbeingusedsolelytoprovideignition,anydevicewithacurrentrequirementgreaterthan50mAorapowerrequirementgreaterthan1Wmayonlybesuppliedatorbelowtheprimaryregulatedvoltage.

Onlycapacitordischargeignitionsystems(thosewhichgenerateasparkbymeansofclosingaswitchwhichthendischargesacapacitorthroughtheprimarysideoftheignitioncoil),arepermittedtoprovideavoltagehigherthantheprimaryregulatedvoltagetoanignitioncoil.

Otherthananypartsbeingusedtosupplyahighervoltagetodevicessuchasthosedescribedinthepreviousparagraphs,nodevicemaystepuporincreasetheprimaryregulatedvoltage.

5.12 Engineactuators:

Withthefollowingexceptionshydraulic,pneumaticorelectronicactuationisforbidden:

a) Electronicsolenoidsuniquelyforthecontrolofenginefluids.

b) Componentsprovidingcontrolledpressureairforapneumaticvalvesystem.

c) Asingleactuatortooperatethethrottlesystemoftheengine.

d) AnycomponentsrequiredaspartofaKERS.

5.13 Engineauxiliaries:

Withtheexceptionofelectricalfuelpumpsengineauxiliariesmustbemechanicallydrivendirectlyfromtheenginewithafixedspeedratiotothecrankshaft.

5.14 Engineintakeair:

5.14.1 Otherthaninjectionoffuelforthenormalpurposeofcombustionintheengine,anydevice,system,procedure,constructionordesignthepurposeoreffectofwhichisanydecreaseinthetemperatureoftheengineintakeairisforbidden.

5.14.2 Otherthanenginesumpbreathergasesandfuelforthenormalpurposeofcombustionintheengine,thesprayingofanysubstanceintotheengineintakeairisforbidden.

5.15 MaterialsandConstructionDefinitions:

5.15.1XBasedAlloy(e.g.Nibasedalloy)Xmustbethemostabundantelementinthealloyona%w/wbasis.TheminimumpossibleweightpercentoftheelementXmustalwaysbegreaterthanthemaximumpossibleofeachoftheotherindividualelementspresentinthealloy.

5.15.2 XYBasedAlloy(e.g.AlCubasedalloy)Xmustbethemostabundantelementasin5.15.1

above.

In

addition

element

Y

must

be

the

second

highest

constituent

(%w/w),

after

X

in

the

alloy.ThemeancontentofYandallotheralloyingelementsmustbeusedtodeterminethesecondhighestalloyingelement(Y).

5.15.3 IntermetallicMaterials(e.g.TiAl,NiAl,FeAl,Cu3Au,NiCo)Thesearematerialswherethematerialisbaseduponintermetallicphases,i.e.thematrixofthematerialconsistsofgreaterthen50%v/vintermetallicphase(s).Anintermetallicphaseisasolidsolutionbetweentwoor


26/77

5.16 MaterialsandconstructionGeneral:

5.16.1 Unlessexplicitlypermittedforaspecificenginecomponent,thefollowingmaterialsmaynotbeusedanywhereontheengine:

a) Magnesiumbasedalloys.

b) MetalMatrixComposites(MMCs).

c) Intermetallicmaterials.

d) Alloyscontainingmorethan5%byweightofBeryllium,IridiumorRhenium.

5.16.2

Coatings

are

free

provided

the

total

coating

thickness

does

not

exceed

25%

of

the

section

thicknessoftheunderlyingbasematerialinallaxes.Inallcasestherelevantcoatingmustnotexceed0.8mm.

5.17 MaterialsandconstructionComponents:

5.17.1 PistonsmustbemanufacturedfromanaluminiumalloywhichiseitherAlSi;AlCu;AlMgorAlZnbased.

5.17.2 Pistonpinsmustbemanufacturedfromanironbasedalloyandmustbemachinedfromasinglepieceofmaterial.

5.17.3 Connectingrodsmustbemanufacturedfromironortitaniumbasedalloysandmustbemachinedfromasinglepieceofmaterialwithnoweldedorjoinedassemblies(otherthanaboltedbigendcaporaninterferedsmallendbush).

5.17.4 Crankshaftsmustbemanufacturedfromanironbasedalloy.

Noweldingispermittedbetweenthefrontandrearmainbearingjournals.

Nomaterialwithadensityexceeding19,000kg/m3maybeassembledtothecrankshaft.

5.17.5Camshaftsmustbemanufacturedfromanironbasedalloy.

Eachcamshaftandlobesmustbemachinedfromasinglepieceofmaterial.

Noweldingisallowedbetweenthefrontandrearbearingjournals.

5.17.6 ValvesmustbemanufacturedfromalloysbasedonIron,Nickel,CobaltorTitanium.

Hollowstructurescooledbysodium,lithiumorsimilararepermitted.

5.17.7 Reciprocatingandrotatingcomponents:

a) Reciprocatingandrotatingcomponentsmustnotbemanufacturedfromgraphiticmatrix,metalmatrixcompositesorceramicmaterials,thisrestrictiondoesnotapplytotheclutchandanyseals.Ceramicbearingsarenotpermittedinancillarieswhichareincludedwhenassessingtheweightoftheengine,e.g.alternator,coolantpumpsandoilpumps.


27/77

b) AnymetallicstructurewhoseprimaryorsecondaryfunctionistoretainlubricantorcoolantwithintheenginemustbemanufacturedfromanironbasedalloyoranaluminiumalloyoftheAlSi,AlCu,AlZnorAlMgalloyingsystems.

c) AllthreadedfastenersmustbemanufacturedfromanalloybasedonCobalt,IronorNickel.

Compositematerialsarenotpermitted.

d) Valveseatinserts,valveguidesandanyotherbearingcomponentmaybemanufacturedfrommetallicinfiltratedpreformswithotherphaseswhicharenotusedforreinforcement.

5.18 Startingtheengine:

Asupplementarydevicetemporarilyconnectedtothecarmaybeusedtostarttheenginebothonthegridandinthepits.

5.19 Stallpreventionsystems:

Ifacarisequippedwithastallpreventionsystem,andinordertoavoidthepossibilityofacarinvolvedinanaccidentbeingleftwiththeenginerunning,allsuchsystemsmustbeconfiguredtostoptheenginenomorethantensecondsafteractivation.

Thesolepurposeofsuchsystemsistopreventtheenginestallingwhenadriverlosescontrolofthecar.Ifthecarisinsecondgearorabovewhenthesystemisactivatedmultiplegearchangesmaybemadetoeitherfirstgearorneutral,underallothercircumstancestheclutchalonemaybeactivated.

Eachtimesuchasystemisactivatedtheclutchmustbefullydisengagedandmustremainsountilthedriverdeactivatesthesystembymanuallyoperatingtheclutchwitharequestgreaterthan95%ofthetotalavailabletravelofthedriversclutchactuationdevice.

5.20Replacing

engine

parts

:

ThepartsinlistsAandBbelowmaybechangedwithoutincurringapenaltyunderArticle28.4oftheF1SportingRegulations.IfchanginganyofthesepartsinvolvesbreakingasealthismaybedonebutmustcarriedoutunderFIAsupervision.ThepartsinListBmayonlybereplacedbyidenticalhomologatedpartsinaccordancewithAppendix4oftheF1SportingRegulations.

ListA

Clutch.

Clutchbasket.

Hydraulicpumps.

Engineelectronicboxes(ECU's,powermodules,controlboxes).

Fuelfilters.

Fuel pumps


28/77

Sparkplugs.

List

B

Throttlesystem(includingbutnotlimitedtothrottledevice,linkage,actuator,hydraulics).

Intakesystemexternaltocylinderhead(includingbutnotlimitedtotrumpets,trumpettray,airbox,airfilter).

Ignitioncoils.

Injectionsystem.

Alternators.

Oilscavengingpumps.

Oilsupplypumps.

Oilairseparators.

Waterpumps.

Electricandelectronicsensors.


29/77

ARTICLE6:FUELSYSTEM

6.1

Fueltanks

:

6.1.1 ThefueltankmustbeasinglerubberbladderconformingtoorexceedingthespecificationsofFIA/FT51999,thefittingoffoamwithinthetankhoweverisnotmandatory.AlistofapprovedmaterialsmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheseregulations.

6.1.2 Allthefuelstoredonboardthecarmustbesituatedbetweenthefrontfaceoftheengineandthedriver'sbackwhenviewedinlateralprojection.Whenestablishingthefrontfaceoftheengine,nopartsofthefuel,oil,waterorelectricalsystemswillbeconsidered.

Furthermore,

no

fuel

can

be

stored

more

than

300mm

forward

of

the

highest

point

at

which

thedriver'sbackmakescontactwithhisseat.However,amaximumof2litresoffuelmaybekeptoutsidethesurvivalcell,butonlythatwhichisnecessaryforthenormalrunningoftheengine.

6.1.3 Fuelmustnotbestoredmorethan400mmfromthelongitudinalaxisofthecar.

6.1.4 AllrubberbladdersmustbemadebymanufacturersrecognisedbytheFIA.InordertoobtaintheagreementoftheFIA,themanufacturermustprovethecomplianceofhisproductwiththespecificationsapprovedbytheFIA.Thesemanufacturersmustundertaketodelivertotheir

customersexclusivelytankscomplyingtotheapprovedstandards.

AlistofapprovedmanufacturersmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheseregulations.

6.1.5 Allrubberbladdersshallbeprintedwiththenameofthemanufacturer,thespecificationstowhichthetankhasbeenmanufacturedandthedateofmanufacture.

6.1.6 Norubberbladdersshallbeusedmorethan5yearsafterthedateofmanufacture.

6.2 Fittingsandpiping:

6.2.1

All

apertures

in

the

fuel

tank

must

be

closed

by

hatches

or

fittings

which

are

secured

to

metallicorcompositeboltringsbondedtotheinsideofthebladder.Thetotalareaofanysuchhatchesorfittingswhichareincontactwiththefuelmaynotexceed30000mm.

Boltholeedgesmustbenolessthan5mmfromtheedgeoftheboltring,hatchorfitting.

6.2.2 Allfuellinesbetweenthefueltankandtheenginemusthaveaselfsealingbreakawayvalve.Thisvalvemustseparateatlessthan50%oftheloadrequiredtobreakthefuellinefittingortopullitoutofthefueltank.

6.2.3 Nolinescontainingfuelmaypassthroughthecockpit.

6.2.4 Alllinesmustbefittedinsuchawaythatanyleakagecannotresultintheaccumulationoffuelinthecockpit.

6.3 Crushablestructure:

The fuel tankmustbe completely surroundedbya crushable structure,which isan integral


30/77

6.5 Refuelling:

6.5.1 Acovermustbefittedoveranyrefuellingconnectoratalltimeswhenthecarisrunningonthetrack.Thecoveranditsattachmentsmustbesufficientlystrongtoavoidaccidentalopeningintheeventofanaccident.

6.5.2 Nofuelintendedforimmediateuseinacarmaybemorethantendegreescentigradebelowambienttemperature.Whenassessingcompliance,theambienttemperaturewillbethatrecordedbytheFIAappointedweatherserviceprovideronehourbeforeanypracticesessionortwohoursbeforetherace.Thisinformationwillalsobedisplayedonthetimingmonitors.

ThetemperatureoffuelintendedforuseinacarmustbemeasuredviaanFIAapprovedand

sealedsensor.

6.5.3 Theuseofanydeviceonboardthecartodecreasethetemperatureofthefuelisforbidden.

6.6 Fueldrainingandsampling:

6.6.1 Competitorsmustprovideameansofremovingallfuelfromthecar.

6.6.2 CompetitorsmustensurethataonelitresampleoffuelmaybetakenfromthecaratanytimeduringtheEvent.

Exceptincasesofforcemajeure(acceptedassuchbythestewardsofthemeeting),ifasampleoffuelisrequiredafterapracticesessionthecarconcernedmusthavefirstbeendrivenbacktothepitsunderitsownpower.

6.6.3 Allcarsmustbefittedwitha2'Symetrics'malefittinginordertofacilitatefuelsampling.Ifanelectricpumponboardthecarcannotbeusedtoremovethefuelanexternallyconnectedonemaybeusedprovideditisevidentthatarepresentativefuelsampleisbeingtaken.IfanexternalpumpisuseditmustbepossibletoconnecttheFIAsamplinghosetoitandanyhosebetweenthecarandpumpmustbe 3indiameterandnotexceed2minlength.Detailsofthe

fuel

sampling

hose

may

be

found

in

the

Appendix

to

these

regulations.

6.6.4 Thesamplingproceduremustnotnecessitatestartingtheengineortheremovalofbodywork(otherthanthecoveroveranyrefuellingconnector).


31/77

ARTICLE7:OILANDCOOLANTSYSTEMS

7.1

Locationof

oil

tanks

:

Alloilstoragetanksmustbesituatedbetweenthefrontwheelaxisandtherearmostgearboxcasinglongitudinally,andmustbenofurtherthanthelateralextremitiesofthesurvivalcellarefromthelongitudinalaxisofthecar.

7.2 Longitudinallocationofoilsystem:Nootherpartofthecarcontainingoilmaybesituatedbehindthecompleterearwheels.

7.3 Catchtank:

Inordertoavoidthepossibilityofoilbeingdepositedonthetrack,theenginesumpbreathermustventintothemainengineairintakesystem.

7.4 Transversallocationofoilsystem:

Nopartofthecarcontainingoilmaybemorethan700mmfromthecarcentreline.

7.5 Coolantheadertank:

ThecoolantheadertankonthecarmustbefittedwithanFIAapprovedpressurereliefvalve

whichissettoamaximumof3.75bargaugepressure,detailsofthereliefvalvemaybefoundintheAppendixtotheseregulations.Ifthecarisnotfittedwithaheadertank,analternativepositionmustbeapprovedbytheFIA.

7.6 Coolingsystems:

Thecoolingsystemsoftheenginemustnotintentionallymakeuseofthelatentheatofvaporisationofanyfluid.

7.7 Oilandcoolantlines:

7.7.1 Nolinescontainingcoolantorlubricatingoilmaypassthroughthecockpit.

7.7.2 Alllinesmustbefittedinsuchawaythatanyleakagecannotresultintheaccumulationoffluidinthecockpit.

7.7.3 Nohydraulicfluidlinesmayhaveremovableconnectorsinsidethecockpit.


32/77

ARTICLE8:ELECTRICALSYSTEMS

8.1

Softwareand

electronics

inspection

:

8.1.1 PriortothestartofeachseasonthecompleteelectricalsystemonthecarmustbeexaminedandallonboardandcommunicationssoftwaremustbeinspectedbytheFIATechnicalDepartment.

TheFIAmustbenotifiedofanychangespriortotheEventatwhichsuchchangesareintendedtobeimplemented.

8.1.2 AllreprogrammablemicroprocessorsmusthaveamechanismthatallowstheFIAtoaccuratelyidentifythesoftwareversionloaded.

AcceptablesolutionstoverifytheprogrammedsoftwaremaybefoundintheAppendixtotheseregulations.

8.1.3 Allelectronicunitscontainingaprogrammabledevice,andwhichareintendedforuseatanEvent,mustbepresentedtotheFIAbeforeeachEventinorderthattheycanbeidentified.

8.1.4 AlloncarsoftwareversionsmustberegisteredwiththeFIAbeforeuse.

8.1.5 TheFIAmustbeabletotesttheoperationofanycompulsoryelectronicsafetysystemsatany

timeduringanEvent.

8.2 Controlelectronics:

8.2.1 Allcomponentsoftheengine,gearbox,clutch,differentialandKERSinadditiontoallassociatedactuatorsmustbecontrolledbyanElectronicControlUnit(ECU)whichhasbeenmanufacturedbyanFIAdesignatedsuppliertoaspecificationdeterminedbytheFIA.

TheECUmayonlybeusedwithFIAapprovedsoftwareandmayonlybeconnectedtothecontrolsystemwiringloom,sensorsandactuatorsinamannerspecifiedbytheFIA.

AdditionalinformationregardingtheECUsoftwareversionsandsetupmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheseregulations.

8.2.2 Allcontrolsensors,actuatorsandFIAmonitoringsensorswillbespecifiedandhomologatedbytheFIA.DetailsofthehomologationprocessmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheseregulations.

Eachandeverycomponentofthecontrolsystemwillbesealedanduniquelyidentifiedandtheiridentitiestrackedthroughtheirlifecycle.

Thesecomponentsandunitsmaynotbedisassembledormodifiedinanywayandsealsandidentifiersmustremainintactandlegible.

8.2.3 ThecontrolsystemwiringloomconnectivitymustbeapprovedbytheFIA.

AllwiringloomsmustbebuilttoensurethateachcontrolsensorandeachcontrolactuatorconnectedtotheECUiselectricallyisolatedfromloggingonlysensorsconnectedtoeitherthe


33/77

8.2.5 PneumaticvalvepressuremayonlybecontrolledviaapassivemechanicalregulatororfromtheECUanditsoperationwillbemonitoredbytheECU.

8.2.6 TheECUwillbedesignedtorunfromacarsystemsupplyvoltageof12Vnominalprovidedbyahomologatedvoltageregulator.

8.3 Startsystems:

Anysystem,thepurposeand/oreffectofwhichistodetectwhenaracestartsignalisgiven,isnotpermitted.

TheECUwillimplementalockoutperiodaftereachracestartorpitstopduringwhichanumberofengineandclutchrelatedfunctionswillbefrozenordisabled.DetailsofthestrategymaybefoundintheAppendixtotheseregulations.

8.4 Dataacquisition:

8.4.1 Toassistscrutineering,theFIArequiresunlimitedaccesstothefollowingECUinformationbefore,duringandafteranytracksession:

Applicationparameterconfigurations.

Loggeddataandevents.

Realtimetelemetrydataandevents.

ThroughouttheEvent,theloggingmemoryandeventsbuffermayonlybeclearedbyanFIAengineer.

TheFIAmusthavetheabilitytoconnecttotheECUviaajumpbatteryusinganFIAlaptop.TheteamsshouldmakeajumpbatteryavailableatalltimesduringtheEvent.

TheteamsshouldtransfertherealtimetelemetrydataandeventsontheFIAnetworkasrequestedby,andintheformatdefinedby,theFIA.

Priortotherace,theECUdataloggermustbeconfiguredinsuchawaythatallowsloggingofdataforatleasttwohoursandfifteenminuteswithoutexceedingthesizeoftheloggermemory.

8.4.2 Anydataacquisitionsystem,telemetrysystemorassociatedsensorsadditionaltothoseprovidedbytheECUandADRmustbephysicallyseparateandelectricallyisolatedfromanycontrolelectronicswiththeexceptionof:

Theprimaryregulatedvoltagesupply.

Thecarsystemground.

CommunicationlinkstotheECU,telemetryunitandADR.

Powersupplies,providedtheyarenotusedtopoweranycontrolelectronics,controlsensorsoractuators.


34/77

8.6 Drivercontrolsanddisplays:

Any

electronic

modules

used

for

driver

information

displays

and

switch

inputs

must

be

suppliedbyanFIAdesignatedsuppliertoaspecificationdeterminedbytheFIAandbesuitablyhousedbyeachteam.

Anysingleswitch,button,paddlesensororpedalsensorusedbythedrivermustbeconnectedtoasingleanalogueordigitalinputoftheECU.Exceptionswillbeconsideredtohandlethespareclutchpaddleandmultiplexedshiftsignals.AnyinterfacebetweensuchdriveroperateddevicesandtheECUmustbeapprovedbytheFIA.

TheloggedrawsignalsfromtheECUinputsmustprovideatruerepresentationofthedrivers

actions.

8.7 Driverradio:

OtherthanauthorisedconnectionstotheFIAECU,anyvoiceradiocommunicationsystembetweencarandpitsmustbestandaloneandmustnottransmitorreceiveotherdata.AllsuchcommunicationsmustbeopenandaccessibletoboththeFIAandbroadcasters.

8.8 Accidentdatarecorders(ADR):

8.8.1 Therecordermustbefittedandoperated:

InaccordancewiththeinstructionsoftheFIA.

Symmetricallyaboutthecarcentrelineandwithitstopfacingupwards.

Witheachofits12edgesparalleltoanaxisofthecar.

Lessthan50mmabovethereferenceplane.

Inapositionwithinthecockpitwhichisreadilyaccessibleatalltimesfromwithinthecockpitwithouttheneedtoremoveskidblockorfloor.

Inorderthattheentireunitliesbetween30%and50%ofthewheelbaseofthecar.

Viaantivibrationmountingsgivingaclearanceof5mmtoallotherobjects.

Withitsconnectorsfacingforwards.

Inorderthatitsstatuslightisvisiblewhenthedriverisseatednormally.

Inorderthatthedownloadconnectoriseasilyaccessiblewhenthedriverisseatednormallyandwithouttheneedtoremovebodywork.

8.8.2 Therecordermustbeconnectedtotwoexternal500gaccelerometerswhicharesolidlyboltedtothesurvivalcell,onthecarcentreline,usingfour4mmbolts.Onemustbeasclosetothenominalcarcentreofgravityaspracticalandtheotherasfarforwardaspossibleinsidethesurvivalcell.Theforwardaccelerometermaybemountedtotheundersideofthetopsurfaceprovideditissolidlyboltedtoastructuralpartofthesurvivalcell.


35/77

Detailsofthelightcontrolsystem,whichmustbefittedtoeverycar,maybefoundintheAppendixtotheseregulations.

8.10 Medicalwarningsystem:

InordertogiverescuecrewsanimmediateindicationofaccidentseverityeachcarmustbefittedwithawarninglightwhichisconnectedtotheFIAdatalogger.

Thelightmustfaceupwardsandberecessedintothetopofthesurvivalcellnomorethan150mmfromthecarcentrelineandthefrontofthecockpitopeningandasneartotheclutchdisengagementsystem,asdescribedinArticle9.4,asispractical.

DetailsofthelightanditscontrolsystemmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheseregulations.

8.11 Installationofelectricalsystemsorcomponents:

8.11.1 Exceptionally,eachcarmaybeequippedwithamaximumoffivetestsensorinstallations,whichdonotcomplywiththeTechnicalRegulations,duringP1andP2,provided:

Theycouldnotmateriallyaffecttheoutcomeanyoftheimpacttestsdescribedinarticles16.2,16.3,16.4and16.5.

TheycomplywithArticles3.3,3.4.1,3.6,3.14.1and3.14.2.

Theydonotreduceoraffectdrivervisibility.

Theydonotobstructonboardcameraviews.

Anysuchtestsensorinstallationsdonotneedtobehomologated.

TheFIAtechnicaldelegatemustbenotifiedofanyintendedtestsensorinstallationspriortotheEventatwhichtheyarefirstused.

8.11.2 CompetitorsmustbenotifiedofanychangestotheinstallationinstructionsforanyFIAspecifiedsystemsorcomponentsbefore30Juneofthepreviousseason.


36/77

ARTICLE9:TRANSMISSIONSYSTEM

9.1

Transmission

types

:

Notransmissionsystemmaypermitmorethantwowheelstobedriven.

9.2 Clutchcontrol:

Thefollowingappliesonlytothemaindrivetrainclutchorclutches,anyclutchusedexclusivelyaspartofaKERSisexempt.

9.2.1 Ifmultipleclutchoperatingdevicesareused,theymustallhavethesamemechanicaltravelcharacteristicsandbemappedidentically.

9.2.2 Designswhichallowspecificpointsalongthetravelrangeoftheclutchoperatingdevicetobeidentifiedbythedriverorassisthimtoholdapositionarenotpermitted.

9.2.3 Theminimumandmaximumtravelpositionsoftheclutchoperatingdevicemustcorrespondtotheclutchfullyengagednormalrestpositionandfullydisengaged(incapableoftransmittinganyuseabletorque)positionsrespectively.

9.2.4 Designsorsystemswhichinadditiontotypicalinherenthydraulicandmechanicalpropertiesaredesignedto,orhavetheeffectof,adjustingorotherwiseinfluencingtheamount,orrate,

ofengagementbeingdemandedbytheFIAECU,arenotpermitted.9.2.5 Theamountbywhichtheclutchisengagedmustbecontrolledsolelyanddirectlybythedriver

withtheexceptionof:

Stallprevention.

Gearshifts.

Bitepointfinderwherebrakepressure,wheelspeedanddriverclutchdemandsafeguardsareused.

Declutchprotections.

Drivetrainprotectiononthetrackoutsideofanystartlockoutperiodorimmediatelyfollowingstallpreventionactivationonly.

Testsignalsenabledonlywhenthecarisconnectedtothegaragesystem.

Therelationshipbetweentheclutchoperatingdeviceinthecockpitandtheamountofclutchengagementmaybenonlinearbutmustremainfixed.

9.2.6Whentheclutchoperatingdeviceisreleasedfromitsmaximumtravelpositionitmustreturntoitsrestingpositionwithin50ms.

Themaximumdelayallowed,computedfromtherespectivepositionsasrecordedbytheADRorECU,betweentheclutchdrivercontrolinputsignalandthecorrespondingoutputdemandbeingachievedis50ms.


37/77

9.4 Clutchdisengagement:

All

cars

must

be

fitted

with

a

means

of

disengaging

the

clutch

for

a

minimum

of

fifteen

minutes

intheeventofthecarcomingtorestwiththeenginestopped.ThissystemmustbeinworkingorderthroughouttheEventevenifthemainhydraulic,pneumaticorelectricalsystemsonthecarhavefailed.ThissystemmustalsodisconnectanyKERSsystemfittedtothecar.

Inorderthatthedriveroramarshalmayactivatethesysteminlessthanfiveseconds,theswitchorbuttonwhichoperatesitmust:

faceupwardsandberecessedintothetopofthesurvivalcellnomorethan150mmfromthecarcentreline;

bedesignedinorderthatamarshalisunabletoaccidentallyreengagetheclutch;

belessthan150mmfromthefrontofthecockpitopening;

Bemarkedwithaletter"N"inredatleast40mmtall,withalinethicknessofatleast4mm,insideawhitecircleofatleast50mmdiameterwitharededgewithalinethicknessofatleast2mm.

9.5 Gearboxes:

9.5.1

A

gearbox

is

defined

as

all

the

parts

in

the

drive

line

which

transfer

torque

from

the

engine

crankshafttothedriveshafts(thedriveshaftsbeingdefinedasthosecomponentswhichtransferdrivetorquefromthesprungmasstotheunsprungmass).Itincludesallcomponentswhoseprimarypurposeisforthetransmissionofpowerormechanicalselectionofgears,bearingsassociatedwiththesecomponentsandthecasinginwhichtheyarehoused.

9.5.2 InthiscontextthefollowingpartsarenotconsideredpartofthegearboxandmaybechangedwithoutincurringapenaltyundertheF1SportingRegulations.IfchanginganyofthesepartsinvolvesbreakinganFIAappliedsealthismaybedonebutmustbecarriedoutunderFIAsupervision:

Theclutchassemblyandanyshaftconnectingtheclutchtothecrankshaftorfirstmotionshaftofthegearbox,providedthisislocatedpriortoanymechanicalspeedreductionfromtheengine.

Theclutchactuatorandclutchreleasebearing(s).

Inboarddriveshaftjointsandsealsbutnottheirhousingifthathousingisintegralwiththegearboxoutputshaftandthereforepartofthesprungmass.

Thehydraulicsystempriortothepointatwhichitproducesdirectmechanicalmovementofthegearselectionmechanismbymeansofhydraulicactuator(s).

Oil,oilpumps,oilfilters,oilseals,oilcoolersandanyassociatedhosesorpipes.

Electricalsensors,actuators,servovalvesandwiring.

Any parts associated with the suspension or functioning of the sprung suspension that


38/77

9.6.2 ThemaximumnumberofnumericalchangegearratiopairsacompetitorhasavailabletohimduringaChampionshipseasonis30.AllsuchgearratiopairsmustbedeclaredtotheFIA

technicaldelegateatorbeforethefirstEventoftheChampionship.

9.6.3 Noforwardgearratiopairmaybe:

Lessthan12mmwidewhenmeasuredacrossthegeartoothattherootdiameteroranypoint1mmaboveorbelowtherootdiameter.Abovethisareaeachsideofthegearteethmaybechamferedbyamaximumof10.Inaddition,achamferorradiusnotexceeding2.0mmmaybeappliedtothesidesandthetipoftheteeth.

Lessthan85mmbetweencentres.

Lessthan600ginweight(excludinganyintegralshaftorcollar).Ifanintegralshaftorcollaristobeexcludedthemassofthismaybeshownbycalculationassumingthegeartobe12mmwideandtheshaftgeometrytobethesameasthatwhereslideongearsareused.

9.6.4 Gearratiosmustbemadefromsteel.

9.6.5 ContinuouslyvariabletransmissionsystemsarenotpermittedtotransmitthepoweroftheenginedefinedinArticle5.1.

9.7

Reversegear

:

AllcarsmusthaveareversegearoperableanytimeduringtheEventbythedriverwhentheengineisrunning.

9.8 Gearchanging:

9.8.1 Automaticgearchangesareconsideredadriveraidandarethereforenotpermitted.

Forthepurposesofgearchanging,theclutchandthrottleneednotbeunderthecontrolofthedriver.

9.8.2 Gearchangingisrestrictedduringthefollowingperiods:

Racestart:onegearchangeispermittedaftertheracehasstartedandbeforethecarspeedhasreached100kph,providedeverygearfittedtothecariscapableofachievingatleast100km/hat18,000rpm.

Pitstops:Nogearchangeispermittedafterapitstopanduntilthecarspeedgetswithin10km/hofthepitlanespeedlimitwhenleavingthepits.

9.8.3 Theminimumpossiblegearthedriverisabletoselectmustremainfixedwhilstthecarismoving.

Eachindividualgearchangemustbeseparatelyinitiatedbythedriverand,withinthemechanicalconstraintsofthegearbox;therequestedgearmustbeengagedimmediatelyunlessoverrevprotectionisusedtorejectthegearshiftrequest.Onceagearchangerequesthas been accepted no further requests may be accepted until the first gear change has been


39/77

9.8.4 Themaximumpermitteddurationfordownchangesandupchangesis300msand200msrespectively.Themaximumpermitteddelayforthelatteris80msfromthetimeofthedriver

requesttotheoriginalgearbeingdisengaged.

Thedurationofagearchangeisdefinedasthetimefromtherequestbeingmadetothepointatwhichallgearchangeprocessesareterminated.Ifforanyreasonthegearchangecannotbecompletedinthattimethecarmustbeleftinneutralortheoriginalgear.

9.8.5 Distancechannelortrackpositionisnotconsideredanacceptableinputtogearboxcontrol.

9.9 Torquetransfersystems:

9.9.1 Anysystemordevicethedesignofwhichiscapableoftransferringordivertingtorquefromaslowertoafasterrotatingwheelisnotpermitted.

9.9.2 Anydevicewhichiscapableoftransferringtorquebetweentheprincipalaxesofrotationofthetwofrontwheelsisprohibited.

9.10 KineticEnergyRecoverySystem:

9.10.1 TheKERSmustconnectatanypointintherearwheeldrivetrainbeforethedifferential.

9.10.2 ThesystemwillbeconsideredshutdownwhenallenergyiscontainedwithintheKERS

modules

and

no

high

voltage

is

present

on

any

external

or

accessible

part

of

any

KERS

module.

Theshutdownprocessmusttakenolongerthantwosecondsfromactivation.

9.10.3 ItmustbepossibletoshutdowntheKERSviathefollowingmeans:

TheswitchrequiredbyArticle14.2.1.

TheswitchesrequiredbyArticle14.2.2.

TheswitchorbuttonrequiredbyArticle9.4.

9.10.4 TheKERSmustshutdownwhentheECUrequiredbyArticle8.2initiatesanantistallengineshutoff.

9.10.5 AllcarsfittedwithaKERSmustbefittedwithaKERSstatuslightwhich:

IsinworkingorderthroughouttheEventevenifthemainhydraulic,pneumaticorelectricalsystemsonthecarhavefailed.

IslocatedinthesamegenerallocationsthelightrequiredbyArticle8.10.

Isgreenonlywhenthesystemisshutdownandnoelectricalinsulationfaulthasbeen

detected.

Remainspoweredforatleast15minutesifthecarcomestorestwithitsenginestopped.

IsmarkedwithaHIGHVOLTAGEsymbolaccordingtoISO3864ofatleast30mmalongthe triangle side


40/77

ARTICLE10:SUSPENSIONANDSTEERINGSYSTEMS

10.1

Sprung

suspension

:

10.1.1Carsmustbefittedwithsprungsuspension.

10.1.2Thesuspensionsystemmustbesoarrangedthatitsresponseresultsonlyfromchangesinloadappliedtothewheels.

10.2 Suspensiongeometry:

10.2.1 Withthesteeringwheelfixed,thepositionofeachwheelcentreandtheorientationofitsrotationaxismustbecompletelyanduniquelydefinedbyafunctionofitsprincipally

verticalsuspensiontravel,saveonlyfortheeffectsofreasonablecompliancewhichdoesnotintentionallyprovidefurtherdegreesoffreedom.

10.2.2 Anypowereddevicewhichiscapableofalteringtheconfigurationoraffectingtheperformanceofanypartofthesuspensionsystemisforbidden.

10.2.3 Noadjustmentmaybemadetothesuspensionsystemwhilethecarisinmotion.

10.3 Suspensionmembers:

10.3.1 Withtheexceptionofminimallocalchangesofsectionforthepassageofhydraulicbrakelines,

electricalwiringandwheeltethersortheattachmentofflexures,rodendsandsphericalbearings,thecrosssectionsofeachmemberofeverysuspensioncomponent,whentakennormaltoastraightlinebetweentheinnerandouterattachmentpoints,must:

Intersectthestraightlinebetweentheinnerandouterattachmentpoints.

Haveamajoraxisnogreaterthan100mm.

Haveanaspectrationogreaterthan3.5:1.

Benominallysymmetricalaboutitsmajoraxis.

Themajoraxiswillbedefinedasthelargestdimensionofanysuchcrosssection.

10.3.2 WhenassessingcompliancewithArticle10.3.1,suspensionmembershavingsharedattachmentpointswillbeconsideredbyavirtualdissectionintodiscretemembers.

10.3.3 Nomajoraxisofacrosssectionofasuspensionmember,whenassessedinaccordancewithArticle10.3.1,maysubtendananglegreaterthan5tothereferenceplanewhenprojectedonto,andnormalto,averticalplaneonthecarcentrelinewiththecarsettothenominaldesignrideheight.

10.3.4 Nonstructuralpartsofsuspensionmembersareconsideredbodywork.

10.3.5 Redundantsuspensionmembersarenotpermitted.

10.3.6 Inordertohelppreventawheelbecomingseparatedintheeventofallsuspensionmembersconnectingittothecarfailingprovisionmustbemadetoaccommodateflexibletethers,each


41/77

Onthesurvivalcellorgearboxareseparatedbyatleast100mmmeasuredbetweenthecentresofthetwoattachmentpoints.

Oneachwheel/uprightassemblyareseparatedbyatleast90radiallywithrespecttotheaxisofthewheeland100mmmeasuredbetweenthecentresofthetwoattachmentpoints.

Areabletoaccommodatetetherendfittingswithaminimuminsidediameterof15mm.

Furthermore,nosuspensionmembermaycontainmorethanonetether.

Eachtethermustexceed450mminlengthandmustutiliseendfittingswhichresultinatetherbendradiusgreaterthan7.5mm.

10.4 Steering:

10.4.1 Anysteeringsystemwhichpermitstherealignmentofmorethantwowheelsisnotpermitted.

10.4.2 Powerassistedsteeringsystemsmaynotbeelectronicallycontrolledorelectricallypowered.Nosuchsystemmaycarryoutanyfunctionotherthanreducethephysicaleffortrequiredtosteerthecar.

10.4.3 Nopartofthesteeringwheelorcolumn,noranypartfittedtothem,maybeclosertothe

driver

than

a

plane

formed

by

the

entire

rear

edge

of

the

steering

wheel

rim.

All

parts

fixed

to

thesteeringwheelmustbefittedinsuchawayastominimisetheriskofinjuryintheeventofadriversheadmakingcontactwithanypartofthewheelassembly.

10.4.4 Thesteeringwheel,steeringcolumnandsteeringrackassemblymustpassanimpacttest,detailsofthetestproceduremaybefoundinArticle16.6.

10.5 SuspensionUprights:

10.5.1 Thesuspensionuprightsmustbemadefromapermittedaluminiumalloy.Particulatereinforcedaluminiumalloymatrixcompositesareforbidden.

10.5.2 Theloadsfromthesuspensionmembersandwheelbearingsmustindividuallyandentirelybecarriedbythesuspensionupright.Exceptionallyuptothreesuspensionmembersmaybeconnectedtogetherbytitanium,aluminiumalloyorsteelcomponentsbeforetheirloadispassedintotheupright.

10.5.3 Suspensionuprightsmaynotprotrudebeyond:

Averticalplaneparalleltotheinnerfaceofthewheelrimanddisplacedfromitby120mmtowardthecarcentreline.

Aradiusof180mmfromthecentreofthewheelwhenviewedfromtheside.

Theabovemeasurementswillbemadewiththewheelheldinaverticalposition.


42/77

ARTICLE11:BRAKESYSTEM

11.1 Brakecircuitsandpressuredistribution:

11.1.1 WiththeexceptionofaKERS,allcarsmustbeequippedwithonlyonebrakesystem.Thissystemmustcomprisesolelyoftwoseparatehydrauliccircuitsoperatedbyonepedal,onecircuitoperatingonthetwofrontwheelsandtheotheronthetworearwheels.Thissystemmustbedesignedsothatifafailureoccursinonecircuitthepedalwillstilloperatethebrakesintheother.

11.1.2 Thebrakesystemmustbedesignedinorderthattheforceexertedonthebrakepadswithineachcircuitarethesameatalltimes.

11.1.3 Anypowereddevicewhichiscapableofalteringtheconfigurationoraffectingthe

performanceofanypartofthebrakesystemisforbidden.

11.1.4 Anychangeto,ormodulationof,thebrakesystemwhilstthecarismovingmustbemadebythedriver'sdirectphysicalinput,maynotbepresetandmustbeunderhiscompletecontrolatalltimes.

11.2 Brakecalipers:

11.2.1 Allbrakecalipersmustbemadefromaluminiummaterialswithamodulusofelasticityno

greaterthan80Gpa.

11.2.2 Nomorethantwoattachmentsmaybeusedtosecureeachbrakecalipertothecar.

11.2.3 Nomorethanonecaliper,withamaximumofsixpistons,ispermittedoneachwheel.

11.2.4 Thesectionofeachcaliperpistonmustbecircular.

11.3 Brakediscsandpads:

11.3.1 Nomorethanonebrakediscispermittedoneachwheel.

11.3.2Alldiscsmusthaveamaximumthicknessof28mmandamaximumoutsidediameterof278mm.

11.3.3 Nomorethantwobrakepadsarepermittedoneachwheel.

11.4 Airducts:

Airductsaroundthefrontandrearbrakeswillbeconsideredpartofthebrakingsystemandshallnotprotrudebeyond:

A

plane

parallel

to

the

ground

situated

at

a

distance

of

160mm

above

the

horizontal

centrelineofthewheel.

Aplaneparalleltothegroundsituatedatadistanceof160mmbelowthehorizontalcentrelineofthewheel.

Averticalplaneparalleltotheinnerfaceofthewheelrimanddisplacedfromitby


43/77

Allmeasurementswillbemadewiththewheelheldinaverticalposition.

11.5 Brakepressuremodulation:

11.5.1 Nobrakingsystemmaybedesignedtopreventwheelsfromlockingwhenthedriverappliespressuretothebrakepedal.

11.5.2 Nobrakingsystemmaybedesignedtoincreasethepressureinthebrakecalipersabovethatachievablebythedriverapplyingpressuretothepedalunderstaticconditions.

11.6 Liquidcooling:

Liquidcoolingofthebrakesisforbidden.


44/77

ARTICLE12:WHEELSANDTYRES

12.1 Location:

Wheelsmust be external to the bodywork in plan view,with the rear aerodynamicdeviceremoved.

12.2 Numberofwheels:

Thenumberofwheelsisfixedatfour.

12.3 Wheelmaterial:

WheelsmustbemadefromAZ70orAZ80magnesiumalloys.

12.4 Wheeldimensions:

12.4.1 Completewheelwidthmustliebetween305mmand355mmwhenfittedtothefrontofthecarandbetween365mmand380mmwhenfittedtotherear.

12.4.2 Completewheeldiametermustnotexceed660mmwhenfittedwithdryweathertyresor670mmwhenfittedwithwetweathertyres.

12.4.3 Completewheelwidthanddiameterwillbemeasuredhorizontallyataxleheight,withthe

wheel

held

in

a

vertical

position

and

when

fitted

with

new

tyres

inflated

to

1.4

bar.

12.4.4 Wheeldimensionsandgeometrymustcomplywiththefollowingspecifications:

Theminimumwheelthicknessis3.0mm.

Theminimumbeadthicknessis4.0mm(measuredfromhumptoouteredgeofthelip).

TheETRTOstandardbeadprofileisprescribed.

Thetyremountingwidthsare12(304.8mm+/0.5mm)front;13.7(348.0mm+/0.5mm)rear.

Thewheellipthicknessis9mm(+/1mm).

Theouterlipdiameteris358mm(+/1mm).

Aliprecessofmaximum1.0mmdepthbetweenaradiusof165mmandaradiusof173mmfromwheelaxisispermitted(forwheelbranding,logo,partnumber,etc).

Withtheexceptionofthewheellip,onlyasingleturnedprofilewithamaximumthicknessof8mmisallowedradiallyoutboardoftheexclusionzonesspecifiedinArticle

12.4.5.

Thedesignofthewheelmustmeetthegeneralrequirementsofthetyresupplierforthemountinganddismountingoftyresincludingallowanceforsensorsandvalves.

Thewheeldesigncannotbehandedbetweenleftandrightdesigns.

12 4 5 No wheel material is permitted in the following exclusion zones :


45/77

12.4.6 Whenviewedperpendiculartotheplaneformedbytheouterfaceofthewheelandbetweenthediametersof120mmand270mmthewheelmayhaveanareaofnogreaterthan

24,000mm2

.

12.5 Supplyoftyres:

12.5.1 Alltyresmustbeusedassuppliedbythemanufacturer,anymodificationortreatmentsuchascutting,grooving,theapplicationofsolventsorsoftenersisprohibited.Thisappliestodry,intermediateandwetweathertyres.

12.5.2 If,intheopinionoftheappointedtyresupplierandFIAtechnicaldelegate,thenominatedtyrespecificationprovestobetechnicallyunsuitable,thestewardsmayauthorisetheuseof

additionaltyrestoadifferentspecification.12.5.3 If,intheinterestsofmaintainingcurrentlevelsofcircuitsafety,theFIAdeemsitnecessaryto

reducetyregrip,itshallintroducesuchrulesasthetyresuppliermayadviseor,intheabsenceofadvicewhichachievestheFIA'sobjectives,specifythemaximumpermissiblecontactareasforfrontandreartyres.

12.6 Specificationoftyres:

12.6.1 Anintermediatetyreisonewhichhasbeendesignedforuseonawetordamptrack.

Allintermediatetyresmust,whennew,haveacontactareawhichdoesnotexceed280cmwhenfittedtothefrontofthecarand440cmwhenfittedtotherear.Contactareaswillbemeasuredoveranysquaresectionofthetyrewhichisnormaltoandsymmetricalaboutthetyrecentrelineandwhichmeasures200mmx200mmwhenfittedtothefrontofthecarand250mmx250mmwhenfittedtotherear.Forthepurposesofestablishingconformity,voidareaswhicharelessthan2.5mmindepthwillbedeemedtobecontactareas.

12.6.2 Awetweathertyreisonewhichhasbeendesignedforuseonawettrack.

Allwetweathertyresmust,whennew,haveacontactareawhichdoesnotexceed240cm

whenfittedtothefrontofthecarand375cmwhenfittedtotherear.Contactareaswillbemeasuredoveranysquaresectionofthetyrewhichisnormaltoandsymmetricalaboutthetyrecentrelineandwhichmeasures200mmx200mmwhenfittedtothefrontofthecarand250mmx250mmwhenfittedtotherear.Forthepurposesofestablishingconformity,voidareaswhicharelessthan5.0mmindepthwillbedeemedtobecontactareas.

12.6.3 TyrespecificationswillbedeterminedbytheFIAnolaterthan1Septemberofthepreviousseason.Oncedeterminedinthisway,thespecificationofthetyreswillnotbechangedduringtheChampionshipseasonwithouttheagreementofallcompetingteams.

12.7 Treatmentoftyres:

12.7.1 Tyresmayonlybeinflatedwithairornitrogen.

12.7.2 Anyprocesstheintentofwhichistoreducetheamountofmoistureinthetyreand/orinitsinflationgasisforbidden.


46/77

12.8.2 Thewheelmustbeattachedtothecarwithasinglefastener.Theouterdiameterofthefastenermustnotexceed105mmandtheaxiallengthmustnotexceed75mm.Thewheel

fastenermaynotattachormountanyparttothecarexceptthewheelassemblydescribedinArticle12.8.1.

12.8.3 Acompletewheelmustcontainasinglefixedinternalgasvolume.Novalves,bleedsorpermeablemembranesarepermittedotherthantoinflateordeflatethetyrewhilstthecarisstationary.

12.8.4 Deviceswhichareusedtofitorremovewheelfastenersmayonlybepoweredbycompressedairornitrogen.

Anysensorsystemsmayonlyactpassively.


47/77

ARTICLE13:COCKPIT

13.1 Cockpitopening:

13.1.1 Inordertoensurethattheopeninggivingaccesstothecockpitisofadequatesize,thetemplateshownindrawing2willbeinsertedintothesurvivalcellandbodywork.

Duringthistestthesteeringwheel,steeringcolumn,seatandallpaddingrequiredbyArticles14.6.16(includingfixings),mayberemovedand:

Thetemplatemustbeheldhorizontalandloweredverticallyfromabovethecaruntilitsloweredgeis525mmabovethereferenceplane.

Referring

to

drawing

2,

the

edge

of

the

template

which

lies

on

the

line

d

e

must

be

no

lessthan1800mmbehindthelineAAshownindrawing5.

Anymeasurementsmadefromthecockpitentrytemplate(whenreferredtoinArticles13.1.3,14.3.3,15.2.2,15.4.5,15.4.6,15.5.4,16.3and18.5),mustalsobemadewhilstthetemplateisheldinthisposition.

13.1.2 Theforwardextremityofthecockpitopening,evenifstructuralandpartofthesurvivalcell,mustbeatleast50mminfrontofthesteeringwheel.

13.1.3 Thedrivermustbeabletoenterandgetoutofthecockpitwithoutitbeingnecessarytoopenadoororremoveanypartofthecarotherthanthesteeringwheel.Whenseatednormally,thedrivermustbefacingforwardsandtherearmostpartofhiscrashhelmetmaybenomorethan125mmforwardoftherearedgeofthecockpitentrytemplate.

13.1.4 Fromhisnormalseatingposition,withallseatbeltsfastenedandwhilstwearinghisusualdrivingequipment,thedrivermustbeabletoremovethesteeringwheelandgetoutofthecarwithin5secondsandthenreplacethesteeringwheelinatotalof10seconds.

Forthistest,thepositionofthesteeredwheelswillbedeterminedbytheFIAtechnical

delegateandafterthesteeringwheelhasbeenreplacedsteeringcontrolmustbemaintained.13.2 Steeringwheel:

Thesteeringwheelmustbefittedwithaquickreleasemechanismoperatedbypullingaconcentricflangeinstalledonthesteeringcolumnbehindthewheel.

13.3 Internalcrosssection:

13.3.1 Afreeverticalcrosssection,whichallowstheoutertemplateshownindrawing3tobepassedverticallythroughthecockpittoapoint100mmbehindthefaceoftherearmostpedalwhenin

theinoperativeposition,mustbemaintainedoveritsentirelength.

TheonlythingswhichmayencroachonthisareaarethesteeringwheelandanypaddingthatisrequiredbyArticle14.6.7.

13.3.2 Afreeverticalcrosssection,whichallowstheinnertemplateshownindrawing3tobepassedvertically through the cockpit to a point 100mm behind the face of rearmost pedal when in the


48/77

13.4.2 Whenheisseatednormally,thesolesofthedriver'sfeet,restingonthepedalsintheinoperativeposition,mustnotbesituatedforwardofthefrontwheelcentreline.


49/77

ARTICLE14:SAFETYEQUIPMENT14.1 Fireextinguishers:

14.1.1 Allcarsmustbefittedwithafireextinguishingsystemwhichwilldischargeintothecockpitandintotheenginecompartment.

14.1.2 AnyextinguishantlistedintheAppendixtotheregulationsispermitted.

14.1.3 Thequantityofextinguishantmayvaryaccordingtothetypeofextinguishantused,alistofquantitiesmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheseregulations.

14.1.4 Whenoperated,thefireextinguishingsystemmustdischarge95%ofitscontentsataconstant

pressure

in

no

less

than

10

seconds

and

no

more

than

30

seconds.

Ifmorethanonecontainerwithextinguishantisfitted,theymustbereleasedsimultaneously.

14.1.5 Eachpressurevesselmustbeequippedwithameansofcheckingitspressurewhichmayvaryaccordingtothetypeofextinguishantused.AlistofpressuresmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheregulations.

14.1.6 Thefollowinginformationmustbevisibleoneachcontainerwithextinguishant:

a) Typeofextinguishant.

b) Weightorvolumeoftheextinguishant.

c) Datethecontainermustbecheckedwhichmustbenomorethantwoyearsafterthedateoffilling.

14.1.7 Allpartsoftheextinguishingsystemmustbesituatedwithinthesurvivalcellandallextinguishingequipmentmustwithstandfire.

14.1.8 Anytriggeringsystemhavingitsownsourceofenergyispermitted,provideditispossibletooperateallextinguishersshouldthemainelectricalcircuitsofthecarfail.

Thedrivermustbeabletotriggertheextinguishingsystemmanuallywhenseatednormallywithhissafetybeltsfastenedandthesteeringwheelinplace.

Furthermore,ameansoftriggeringfromtheoutsidemustbecombinedwiththecircuitbreakerswitchesdescribedinArticle14.2.2.Theymustbemarkedwithaletter"E"inredatleast80mmtall,withalinethicknessofatleast8mm,insideawhitecircleofatleast100mmdiameterwitharededgewithalinethicknessofatleast4mm.

14.1.9 Thesystemmustworkinanyposition,evenwhenthecarisinverted.

14.1.10Allextinguishernozzlesmustbesuitablefortheextinguishantandbeinstalledinsuchawaythattheyarenotdirectlypointedatthedriver.

14.2 Masterswitch:

14.2.1 Thedriver,whenseatednormallywiththesafetybeltsfastenedandthesteeringwheelin


50/77

14.3 Rearviewmirrors:

14.3.1 Allcarsmusthavetwomirrorsmountedsothatthedriverhasvisibilitytotherearandbothsidesofthecar.

14.3.2 Thereflectivesurfaceofeachmirrormustbeatleast150mmwide,thisbeingmaintainedoveraheightofatleast50mm.Additionally,eachcornermayhavearadiusnogreaterthan10mm.

14.3.3 Allpartsoftherearviewmirrors,includingtheirhousingsandmountings,mustbesituatedbetween250mmand500mmfromthecarcentrelineandbetween550mmand750mmfromtherearedgeofthecockpitentrytemplate.

14.3.4 TheFIAtechnicaldelegatemustbesatisfiedbyapracticaldemonstrationthatthedriver,when

seatednormally,canclearlydefinefollowingvehicles.

Forthispurpose,thedrivershallberequiredtoidentifyanyletterornumber,150mmhighand100mmwide,placedanywhereonboardsbehindthecar,thepositionsofwhicharedetailedbelow:

Height : From400mmto1000mmfromtheground.

Width : 4000mmeithersideofthecarcentreline.

Position : 10mbehindtherearwheelcentreline.

14.4 Safetybelts:

Itismandatorytoweartwoshoulderstraps,oneabdominalstrapandtwostrapsbetweenthelegs.ThesestrapsmustbesecurelyfixedtothecarandmustcomplywithFIAstandard8853/98.

14.5 Rearlight:

AllcarsmusthavearedlightinworkingorderthroughouttheEventwhich:

HasbeensuppliedbyanFIAdesignatedmanufacturer.

Facesrearwardsat90tothecarcentrelineandthereferenceplane.

Isclearlyvisiblefromtherear.

Ismountednominallyonthecarcentreline.

Ismounted300mm(+/5mm)abovethereferenceplane.

Isnolessthan595mmbehindtherearwheelcentrelinemeasuredparalleltothe

referenceplane.

Canbeswitchedonbythedriverwhenseatednormallyinthecar.

Thetwomeasurementsabovewillbetakentothecentreoftherearfaceofthelightunit.

14.6 Cockpitpadding:


51/77

Arecovered,inallareaswherethedriversheadislikelytomakecontact,withtwopliesofAramidfibre/epoxyresincompositeprepregmaterialinplainweave60gsmfabric

withacuredresincontentof50%(+/5%)byweight.

Arepositionedsoastobethefirstpointofcontactforthedriver'shelmetintheeventofanimpactprojectinghisheadtowardsthemduringanaccident.

14.6.2 Thefirstareaofpaddingforthedriversheadmustbepositionedbehindhimandbebetween75mmand90mmthickoveranareaofatleast40000mm.Ifnecessary,andonlyfordrivercomfort,anadditionalpieceofpaddingnogreaterthan10mmthickmaybeattachedtothisheadrestprovidediti

regulaciones tecnicas de la fia 2012

Documents