REGULATION OF REPRODUCTION

CHAPTER 5

Brain – Hypothalamus - Pituitary Gland

LH (Luteinizing Hormone)FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)PROLACTINTSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)ACTH (Adrenal Cortical Tropic Hormone)STH or GH (SOMATOTROPIN)

OXYTOCINADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)

GnRH (Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone)

Melatonin

PINEAL

HYPOTHALAMUS

ANTERIOR PITUITARY

POSTERIOR PITUITARY

Tactile stimulus of the penis

Afferent neurons

Muscles in excurrent ducts

Ejaculation

Suckling stimulus

Afferent neurons

Oxytocin production release from the posterior lobe

Myoepithelial cell around alveoli

Milk letdown

Tactile stimulus of the penis

Afferent neurons

Muscles in excurrent ducts

Ejaculation

Suckling stimulus

Afferent neurons

Oxytocin production release from the posterior lobe

Myoepithelial cell around alveoli

Milk letdown

P4 -- - - - - - - - -

Hormones classified by source

Hypothalamus

Gonadotropin Releasing HormoneOxytocin

Pituitary

Luteinizing hormoneFollicle stimulating hormoneProlactin OxytocinTSH, ACTH, STH, ADH

Gonads

EstrogenProgesteroneTestosteroneInhibinOxytocinRelaxin

Uterus

Prostaglandin F2a

Placenta

Progesterone

Estrogen

Placental Lactogen

Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

Hormones classified by mode of action

Neurohormones

Oxytocin

Releasing Hormones

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone

GonadotropinsLuteinizing HormoneFollicle Stimulating HormoneHuman chorionic gonadotropinEquine chorionic gonadotropin

Sexual PromotersEstrogenProgesteroneTestosterone

Luteolytic - Prostaglandin F2a

Pregnancy Maintenance / Lactogenic

General Metabolic – ACTH, STH, TSH

Hormones classified by biochemical structure

Peptides - small proteins – few amino acids

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

Glycoproteins – polypeptides with carbohydrate moieties

Luteinizing hormoneFollicle stimulating hormoneThyroid stimulating hormoneInhibinActivinProlactin

Steroids – synthesized from cholesterol

ProgesteroneTestosteroneEstradiol

Prostaglandins – unsaturated hydroxy fatty acids from arachidonic acid

Prostaglandin F2aProstaglandin E2

Pheromones