regulatory frameworks and issues on site selection and ... · regulatory frameworks and issues on...
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Sept. 15-17, 2010Prague, Czech Republic
Hyunwoo LEE ([email protected]) Chang-Bock IM, Myunghyun NOH, Taek-Mo SHIM & Sang-Yun KIM
Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and Site Evaluation for
Korean NPPs
Nuclear Power Plants in Korea
Legal System and Technical Standards
Recent Siting-related Issues Experienced in Korea
Licensing Process for New Reactors
Regulatory Framework
1
2
3
4
5
• Current status of NPPs in Korea
– Korea has achieved a remarkable growth in nuclear power since commercial operation of Kori Unit 1 in 1978
– Korea has now 20 operating NPPs : 16 PWRs and 4 PHWRs– Total output of 20 licensed units is 17,716MW
- generation capacity : 32.9%- actual production : over 40 %
– 6 PWRs are now under construction and 2 additional units are planned
• 4 PWRs (1,000MW) and 2 PWRs (1,400MW) are under construction
• 2 PWRs (1,400MW) are under the safety review for CP– Total units in operation by 2016 : 28 units
1. Nuclear Power Plants in Korea (1/3)
In operation : 20 unitsUnder Construction : 6 units■ Under CP Review : 2 units
PWR PWR
PHWR & PWR
PWR
Ulchin 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6■ Shin-Ulchin 1, 2
Wolsong 1, 2, 3, 4 Shin-Wolsong 1, 2
Kori 1, 2, 3, 4 Shin-Kori 1, 2, 3, 4
Yonggwang 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
KINS
1. Nuclear Power Plants in Korea (2/3)
Construction Status of New Reactors
OPR-1000Shin-Wolsung 1Shin-Wolsung 2
APR-1400Shin-Ulchin 1Shin-Ulchin 2
APR-1400Shin-Kori 3Shin-Kori 4
OPR-1000Shin-Kori 1Shin-Kori 2
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 TypeSite & Unit
CP Application Construction OL Application
We are here
1. Nuclear Power Plants in Korea (3/3)
Site Selection
Stage ApplicationDocuments
Related LawWorkAllowed
Implementation Plan Approval
Construction Permit
Early Site Approval(ESA)
Utility
MKE
MEST
- Layout ofFacility
- ER, etc.
- PSAR- RER- QAP, etc.
SitePreparation
FoundationExcavation(ESA)
Electric Source Development Promotion Act
AtomicEnergy Act
2. Licensing Process for New Reactors (1/3)
MKE (Ministry of Knowledge Economy), MEST (Ministry of Education, Science and Technology)ER (Environmental Report), RER (Radiological Environmental Report), QAP (Quality Assurance Program)
Review
Review Pre-Operational (PO) Inspection
Issue CP
Review
Issue OL
PO Inspection
Periodic Inspection
Grant ESA
Commence CO
Start foundation excavation
Application Start construction Start-up test
Application Fuel Load
Application
Early Site Approval
(ESA)
Construction Permit(CP)
Operating License
(OL)
Commercial Operation
(CO)
Applicant activities
Regulatory activities
Overall Licensing Process
2. Licensing Process for New Reactors (2/3)
Construction Permit (CP)
To ensure the plant design adequacy in accordance with Rules and Regulations, prior to the commencement of construction
Major application documents- Preliminary Safety Analysis Report (PSAR), Quality Assurance Program (QAP) for design andconstruction, Radiological Environmental Report (RER), etc.
Early Site Approval (ESA)
To allow the applicant to perform a limited civil engineering work of site preparation and power block excavation, before CP
Application documents: Site Survey Report, Radiological Environmental Report, etc.
2. Licensing Process for New Reactors (3/3)
ResidentInspectors
Office
Nuclear Safety Office
Prime Minister
Atomic Energy Bureau Nuclear SafetyCommission
(NSC)
President
Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
(KINS)
Ministry of Education, Science & Technology (MEST)9 members and supported
by 5 sub-committees
Decision-making on major nuclear issues
Regulatory enforcement authority
Regulatory agency having expertise
Entirely dedicated to nuclear safety regulation
3. Regulatory Framework (1/2)
Nuclear Safety Commission (NSC)
Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST)
KINS(Korea Institute of
Nuclear Safety)
Submit Technical Evaluation
And Inspection Results
Request Technical Review
and Inspection
Submit Information and Implementation Results
Conduct Inspection and Request Additional Information
Apply
for P
erm
it or
Licen
se a
nd In
spec
tion
Issue
Per
mit
or L
icens
e
Interactive Mechanism in Regulation
Nuclear Industries (KHNP, etc)
3. Regulatory Framework (2/2)
. Articles 12 (Acceptance Criteria for Construction Permit),22 (Acceptance Criteria for Operating License) & 96 (Exclusion Area) of AEA
Article 4 (Geology & Earthquake) of “Enforcement Regulations concerning the Technical Standards of Reactor Facilities, etc.”• Nuclear facilities should be located in a stable region at a minimal adverse effect
from earthquakes & tectonic disruptions; Nuclear facilities should be located on astable geological foundation without ground subsidence
Articles 5 (Site Limitation), 6 (Meteorology), 7 (Hydrology & Marine Environments), 8 (Human Induced Incidents), 9 (Emergency Plan), etc.
Law
Ordinance of the
Minister of Education, Science and Technology
(MEST)
Notice of the MEST[2009-37]
[004] Technical Standards for Location of Nuclear Reactor Facilities[027] Regulation on Pre-operational Inspection of Nuclear Reactor Facilities[029] Technical Standards for Investigation and Evaluation of Meteorological Conditions
of Nuclear Reactor Facilities[030] Technical Standards for Investigation of Hydrological and Oceanographic
Characteristics of Nuclear Reactor Facility Sites[036] Objects of Consultations due to Installation of Industrial Facilities, etc. around the
Nuclear Facilities
Review Guidance
KINS/GE-001, 2009, Safety Review Guideline (SRG) for PWR (Chapter 2. Site)☜☜ now under reviewnow under review
4. Legal System and Technical Standards
5. Recent Siting-related Issues Experienced in Korea
Identification of Population Centers
Underwater Intake/Discharge System
Dealing with Capable Faults & Uncertainty
Site Monitoring System
Identification of Population Centers (1/4)
Background Regulatory safety review for the Kori unit 1 license renewal
• A big development plan with several tens of thousand residents around the NPP site ☞ Population Centers containing more than about 25,000 residents
shall not be in the distance of 7.5 km from the plant Necessity to define outer boundaries of the Population Centers
and the closest distance to the plant
Siting Criteria Enforced Regulations concerning the Technical Standards of
Standards of Reactor Facilities, etc (Article 5, Location)• Reactor shall be installed in a distant area from
densely populated region• Total radiation exposure to the public shall not
exceed the value that the MEST defines
MEST Notice No. 2009-37 (Reactor-004)
‘Technical Standards on Siting and
Site Survey for Reactor Facility Site’
Population Center is:• Densely populated area of more than 25,000 people with population
density greater than 500 person/km2 (50-SG-S4, 1980), and• Located away at least one and one-third times the distance between
the reactor and the outer boundary of the LPZ
Scope of the survey• Survey area: The area within one and a half times the distance
between the reactor and the outer boundary of the LPZ, including densely populated areas with population density greater than 500person per km2 that are partly incorporated to the survey area
• Basic data Most recent population of the lowest level local governments Topical maps (geomorphology, land use type) Development plan (Industry, apartment, etc.) projected to the end of
the NPP operation
Identification of Population Centers (2/4)
Define unit population per cell• Calculate unit population and population density per cell
Non-residential area, i.e. green field, mountains, river, sea are excluded from the calculation
Try various cell sizes (1 km×1 km ~ 50 m×50 m) to find a ‘best fit’population distribution map for the area
• Cell location is set in the conservative way
Drawing Population Distribution Map• Define densely-populated areas: Draw a looped curve integrating all
contacting cells of population density greater than 500 people/km2
Cells not contacting but adjacent to each other may be integrated into a densely-populated area depending on how similar the geographical, residual properties
• Define Population Centers: Densely-populated areas with more than 25,000 people Descriptions on each Population Center including the name, total
number of residents, population density, distance and direction from the NPPs, etc. are needed
Identification of Population Centers (3/4)
Main Activities Verification of the distribution of
the Population Centers by establishing a GIS-based population distribution map
• Population data, geographical map, land use type, development projects of the local government, etc.
It was confirmed that there were It was confirmed that there were no Population Centers within 7.5 no Population Centers within 7.5 km from the Kori unit 1km from the Kori unit 1
* GIS : Geographic Information System* GIS : Geographic Information System
Identification of Population Centers (4/4)
Underwater Intake/Discharge System (1/6)
Background To minimize the effect on the temperature of
recirculation water for nearby operating units at the multi-units site
To minimize environmental effects from discharge water (limited to max. 40 ℃)
To preserve the coastline
Main Activities
SR : Safety Related, NSR : Non- Safety Related
Underwater : NSRUnderwater : NSRUnderwater : NSRDischarge
Underwater (-20 m)- Essential Service
Water : SR- Component Cooling
Water : NSR
Underwater- Essential Service
Water (-5 m) : SR- Component Cooling
Water(-20 m): NSR
Surface water- Essential Service
Water : SR- Component Cooling
Water : NSR
Intake
Shin-Kori 3 & 4Shin-Wolsong 1 & 2Shin-Kori 1 & 2
•• Regulatory Requirements on SafetyRegulatory Requirements on Safety--related Emergency Service Waterrelated Emergency Service Water– Ordinance of the Minister of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) Article 31: Articles
13 (Design against external events) & 22 (Reactor cooling system) of “Enforced Regulations concerning the Technical Standards of Standards of Reactor Facilities, etc”
– No. 2009-37, “Technical Standards on Siting and Site Survey for Reactor Facility Site”– 10 CFR 50, App. A (GDC)– USNRC Regulatory Guide 1.27 (Ultimate Heat Sink for Nuclear Power Plant)– USNRC Regulatory Guide 1.132 (Site Investigations for Foundations of Nuclear Power
Plants)– USNRC Regulatory Guide 1.138 (Laboratory Investigations of Soils and Rocks for
Engineering Analysis and Design of Nuclear Power Plants)– SRP 9.2.5 (Ultimate Heat Sink)
•• Design Codes for submerged cooling water Intake and dischargeDesign Codes for submerged cooling water Intake and discharge– General Design Criteria (Korea Power Engineering Company, Inc.)– Tunnel Design Codes (Ministry of Land, Transport, & Maritime Affairs)– ACI 318/318R : Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete– ACI 349 : Code Requirements for Nuclear Safety Related Concrete Structure– ACI 357R-84 : Guide for the Design and Construction of Fixed Offshore Concrete Structures– US Army Corps of Engineers : Engineering Manual EM 1110-2-2901 Tunnels and Shafts in
Rock– US Army Corps of Engineers : Engineering Manual EM 1110-1-2907 Rock Reinforcements– US Army Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Center : Shore Protection Manual
Underwater Intake/Discharge System (2/6)
Concept
Design Tunnel Construction Process
Underwater Intake/Discharge System (3/6)
Geological SurveySurface geology, Fracture analysis, Seismic
analysis on/off shore
DrillingDirectional Core Drilling along the whole
extension of the tunnelVertical Core DrillingRock types: RQD, RMR and Q-System
Laboratory TestPhysical properties of the coresCompression strength, Poisson rate, etc.
Borehole TestRock strain rates from Goodman Jack Test
(ASTM D 4971-89)
Suspension PSDynamic elasticity coefficientSeismic analysis
BIPS
Site survey
Inspection on the Condition of Tunnel and Inspection on the Condition of Tunnel and Tunnel Work ActivitiesTunnel Work ActivitiesConcerns Tunnel Work Activities: Blasting, Excavation, Reinforcement & Conversion Systems- Compare Geological Condition with the Tunnel
Mapping Report - Check Tunnel Work Activities in accordance to
Tunnel Work Procedures- Check Quality Control on Tunnel Work Activities- Check Quality Assurance of the Data produced- Check the Stability and Safety of the Tunnel
Inspection on the Controlled BlastingInspection on the Controlled Blasting- Check the Instruments (seismometers, locations,
certification etc.)- Check the Records of Blasting kept to be under
the Upper Limit- Compliance of the Work Procedures
Inspection on the Conversion SystemInspection on the Conversion System- Review the records and Check the Stability
Pre-operational Inspection
Underwater Intake/Discharge System (4/6)
Summary of Pre-operational Inspection Activities
Underwater Intake/Discharge System (5/6)
Rock Quality Evaluation ReportRock Quality Evaluation Report
Geological Maps of the Tunnel SurfacesGeological Maps of the Tunnel Surfaces
Photos and Movies of the Rock Surfaces and Major ActivitiesPhotos and Movies of the Rock Surfaces and Major Activities
Conversion Measurement Reports & the Raw DataConversion Measurement Reports & the Raw Data
Slope Stability Analysis Report on the Intake Water ReservoirSlope Stability Analysis Report on the Intake Water Reservoir
Findings & Recommendations Minutes of the InspectionsFindings & Recommendations Minutes of the Inspections
Measurements DB of the Geological Structures at the TunnelMeasurements DB of the Geological Structures at the Tunnel
Documents of Work Procedures, QA, etc.Documents of Work Procedures, QA, etc.
List of the Data Produced During the Construction
Underwater Intake/Discharge System (6/6)
Dealing with Capable Fault & Uncertainty (1/4)
General Approaches
Dealing with Capable Fault & Uncertainty (2/4)
Dealing with Capable Fault & Uncertainty (3/4)
Dealing with Capable Fault & Uncertainty (4/4)
Purpose• Establishment of Integrated Site Monitoring Center
Development of Techniques & Methods Alarm of unexpected/unusual events at the nuclear sites
• Public Acceptance through Clear & Open Polity• Site-specific Characterization• Site-specific Safety Criteria
Data Comes to the Center• Fault Monitoring System at the Shin-Weolsung site• Korean Earthquake Monitoring Center• Site Monitoring System at the Korean LILRW Repository• Geodetic Monitoring System of Other Organizations
KIGAM, KMC, etc.
Site Monitoring System (1/2)
Conceptual Activities of the Integrated Site Monitoring
Conceptual Activities of the Integrated Site Monitoring
Site Monitoring System (6/6)Wind Speed
GPS
Groundwater L. 1
Groundwater L. 2
Salinity
Pore pressure
Precipitation
Seismicity
Strainmeter
Tim
e event
Site Monitoring System (2/2)