rehabilitation of ulnar collateral ligament injuries and ... · return-to-play outcomes in...
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RehabilitationofUlnarCollateralLigamentInjuriesandReconstruction
StanConte,PT,DPT,ATCConteInjuryAnalytics
RehabilitationversusSurgery
Nonoperative treatmentofUCLinjuriesinthrowingathletes.
Rettig,etal,2010AJSM
• 31OverheadAthletes• Restx2-3months,PT,Throwat3months• Only13(42%)returned• TookAverageof24week(6monthstoreturn• Couldnotdetermineanyhistoryorexamthatwaspredictiveofwhowouldsucceed.• QuotedstudytodoReconstruction
TreatmentofpartialUCLtearsintheelbowwithplatelet-richplasma.
Podesta,etal,2013AJSM.
• UsedPRPon34OverheadAthletes(27baseball)• FailedPTx2month,• 88%Returned• Averagereturnin12weeks• Quotedstudytoattemptnon-surgerical andPRPinjection
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Return-to-PlayOutcomesinProfessionalBaseballPlayersAfterMedialUlnarCollateralLigamentInjuries:ComparisonofOperativeVersusNonoperative TreatmentBasedon
MagneticResonanceImagingFindingsFord,G,Genuario,J,Kinkartz,J,Githens,T,Noonan,T.AJSM2016
• 43UCLinjuries(2006-11)• GradedMRIfindings• I, intactligamentwithorwithoutedema;IIA,partialtear;IIB,chronichealedinjury;andIII,completetear.
• 8Complete(RTSP=63%)and7PartialTearstreatedwithreconstruction(RTSP=86%)• 28(18Pitchers)treatednonoperatively• PitcherRTSP=94%PositionRTSP=90%
• RehabProcedure• Reducepain/inflam andregainfullROM,strengthofRTCandscap backtobaselineorbetter.
• Throwingwasstartedwhenasymptomaticwithgoodstrength(4-6weeks)
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4PhaseRehabProgramElbowUlnarCollateralLigamentInjury:AGuidetoDiagnosisandTreatment
ByEllenbecker,WilkDines,Altchek,Andrews,ElAttrache,YocumCopyright2012byLipincott Williams&Wilkens.
• ImmediatePostOp(0-3weeks)• IntermediatePhase(3-7weeks)• AdvancedStrengtheningProgram(8-12weeks)• ReturntoActivityPhase(14-26months• StartIntervalThrowing(4.2.months)• Mound-asearlyas6months.• Returntocompetition(12-18months?)
KevinWilk,DPT“FatherofUCLRehab”
ImmediatePostOp(0-3weeks)
• RangeofMotion-Critical• Extension-nostressonGraft• FlexionpastXincreasestress
• PosteriorSplintfor7days• AdjustableROMBrace• MustgetROMduringfirst6weeks.• NoShoulderExternalRotation
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IntermediatePhase- 4-8weeks
• ObtainallElbowROM• OutofBraceby6weeks• Lightresistivewristexercises• ShoulderandScap Exercises-Thrower’s10initiatedat6weeks.• AddTricepswork
AdvancedStrengthening
• Initiateeccentricelbowflexion/extension• Continueisotonicprogram;forearmandwrist• Continueshoulderprogram—ThrowersTenProgram• Manualresistancediagonalpatterns• Emphasizescapularandcoreexercises• Initiateplyometrics—2handdrillsonly• Mayinitiateintervalhittingprogramforbaseballplayers
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ReturntoActivityStage
• StartIntervalThrowingProgram4.2months.• MoundWorkat6-7months• ReturntoCompetition9-12months.
ReturntoSport• Cain,etal(2010)
• 743athletes(95%baseball,highschool,college,pro)
• 83%Returntosameorhigherlevel• Vital/Ahmad,etal(2008)
• SystematicReview(7studies)• 405athletes• 83%returntoplay
• Erikson,etal(2015)• SystematicReview(20Studies)• 82%ExcellentResults• 86.2%ReturntoPlay
• Makhani,etal(2014)• 147MLBPitchers• 80%RTPatleastonegame• 67%RTPfor>10gamesinaseason
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PerformanceMetrics• Makhani,etal(2014)
• 92MLBpithers• 3yr beforeandafterTJS• ComparedtoControls• Declineinperformancebutregressionsweresimilartocontrol
• Erikson,etal(2014)• SimilarStudytoMakhani withcontrols• DecreaseinERA,WHIPcomparedtocontrols
• Fleisig,etal,(Biomechanics)(2015)• MinorLeaguepitchers• Cohort(NonTJScomparedtoTJS)• Mechanicsshownosignificantdifferences
Velocity
• Jiang,etal(2014)• Matchedpaircohorts• SmallbutstatisticallydecreaseinvelocityinUCLr butnotstatisticallysignificanttocontrolgroup
• Makhani,etal(2014)• FoundsimilarresultstoJiang.• Nogreaterdeclinesthantocontrolgroup
• Larsdown,etal(2014)• MeanFBvelocityfrom91.3to90.6mph.• EspeciallyinUCLr pitchersover35yo• Otherpitchtypesdidnotdecrease.
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Longevity
• Osbahr,etal.(2014)• 10yearfollowupstudy• 256UCLr• Careerlongevitywas3.6yearswitha2.9yearsathighestlevel.
• 86%retiredforotherthan“elbow”reasonsandsubsequentshoulderreasonswerethemostcommonreason.
• 93%weresatisfiedwithsurgery• 98%werestillabletothrowatleastonrecreationallevel
Withsuchgoodresults,why
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TheProblem
15
BRANDONBEACHY
REVISIONDATE:03/21/14MONTHSSINCE:16YEARSAFTER1ST:1.7RETURN-TO-MLB:07/11/15
REVISIONDATE:03/18/14MONTHSSINCE:16YEARSAFTER1ST:3.6RETURN-TO-PLAY:07/20/15
REVISIONDATE:03/24/14MONTHSSINCE:16YEARSAFTER1ST:4.4RETURN-TO-PLAY:NOTYET
REVISIONDATE:06/18/13MONTHSSINCE:25YEARSAFTER1ST:0.9RETURN-TO-PLAY:09/03/14
KRISMEDLEN
DANIELHUDSON
JARRODPARKER
REVISIONDATE:05/16/13MONTHSSINCE:26YEARSAFTER1ST:8.4RETURN-TO-MLB:NOTYET(HAD3RD TJON09/16/14)
REVISIONDATE:04/24/14MONTHSSINCE:15YEARSAFTER1ST:6.7RETURN-TO-PLAY:NOTYET
REVISIONDATE:02/18/14MONTHSSINCE:17YEARSAFTER1ST:1.7RETURN-TO-PLAY:NOTYET
REVISIONDATE:07/24/14MONTHSSINCE:12YEARSAFTER1ST:8.6RETURN-TO-PLAY:NOTYET
JONNYVENTERS
JOSHJOHNSON
CORYLUEBKE
TYLERCHATWOOD
RevisionStudiesOutcomesinRevisionTommyJohnSurgeryinMajorLeague
BaseballPitchers(JSES-2016)
JosephLiu,M.D.;GrantHGarcia,MD;StanConte,DPT,ATC;NealElAttrache,MD;DavidWAltchek,MD;JoshuaSDines,MD
• Since1999,235MLBpitchersunderwentTJS.• 31pitchers(13.2%)underwentrevisionsurgery• 37%underwentrevisionwithin3yearsoftheirindexyearofprimaryTJS
• 26revisionshadmorethan2-yearfollowup• 17/26(65.4%)pitchedatleastoneMLBgame• Only11/26(42.3%)pitchedmorethan10games• Comparedtocontrols:shortercareerafterrevisionsurgery(4.9vs2.6seasons,P = .002),pitchedfewerinnings,andhadfewertotalpitchesperseason.(workload)
• AveragereturntoMLB=20.76months• RevisionRate=13.2%
PitchingperformanceandlongevityafterrevisionulnarcollateralligamentreconstructioninMajorLeagueBaseball
pitchers.(AJSM-2015)Marshall,NE,Keller,RA,Bey,M,Moutzourous,V
• 33MLBpitcherswhounderwentrevisionandcomparedwith33age- andposition-matchedcontrol
• 65.5%ofUCL-RpitchersreturnedtotheMLBlevel
• UCL-Rpitchersplayed0.8yearslessinthemajors(P<.01)thandidthecontrolpitchers.
• Returningpitcherssimilarstatscomparedtocontrolgroups(ERAandWHIP)
• DeclinesinIP,Walks,Wins.• AlsononsignificantdeclinesinWARandRunsabovereplacement.
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RevisionsUpdate- MLBPlayers1996-2016
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1996 1999 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
ReturntoPlay(1996-2014)=65%(26/40)
RevisionRateincreasedfrom1-3%to13.2%
#ofUCLRevisionsperYear,2010-2016
RevisionSurgeriesPerYear
6 6 7 912
5 5
92
3
232015
11
2013
16
11
2012
11
2011
3
12014 2016
15
2010
3
0
MinorMLB
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TheoriesonWhyanIncreaseinRevisions
• Changeinthetechniqueofthesurgery?• ModifiedFigure8,DockingProcedures
• Changeinthesurgeons?• 11/15surgeonsonRevisionsunder3yearswereMLBSurgeons
• Returntopreviousmechanicalissues?• Fleisig studyshowsPitcherswithTJsurgeryhavesimilarmechanicsasnon-TJ.
• Overusagewhentheyreturn?• Pitchcountshavebeeninplaceforthepast20years• Reliever’sappearances(?)
• Improvementinvelocity• Notaccordingtovelocitystudies
• Changeintherehab?• MostMLBTeamshavefollowedsimilartimeframesinearlyandintermediaterehab.
MLBAverageThrowingProgramProgression
20
IntervalThrowing
Flat-GroundPitching
MoundPitching
Change-ups
BreakingPitches
LivetoBatters
RehabGames
4mos.
5mos.
6mos.
7mos.
8mos.
10mos.
11mos.
9mos.
12mos.
4.8months
7.5months
8.4months
8.9months
9.9months
10.6months
11.5months
AVERAGEPOST-SURGERY
2.7months(11.7weeks)
0.9months(3.9weeks)
0.9months(3.9weeks)
0.7months(3.0weeks)
1.0month(4.3weeks)
0.5months(2.2weeks)
AVERAGETIMEBETWEENSTEPS
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ThrowingVelocityandtheUCL
• MechanicsandVelocityhaveadirectrelationshipwithvarus torquesforcesonthemedialelbow.
• Bothofthesecanbeproblemsintheprogressionoftherehabprocess
• NothingputsmorestressontheUCLthanvelocity.
• Thegraftstrengthandmaturationisunknownduringtherehabprocessbutonecanassumethatitisweakestattheearlyrehabandstrongerlater.
• AcommontheoryofUCLinjuryisrepeatedmicrotrauma anddamagetotheUCLfibers.
• EarlyloadingoftheyoungUCLcouldcausemicrotearingoftheligament.
• However,thehealinggraftrespondspositivelytogradualsubmaximalstress.
MyTheoryonGoingSlower
• Theproblemisnottheimmediatepostoporintermediatephases.• Thedecisionofwhenandhowhardtothrowisthebiggestpotentialproblem• Throwingprogramsaregenerallynotcontrolled.• PerceivedExertionisaninaccuratemethodtomeasurevelocity.(Fleisig study)• Whydowestartat4months?• Howstrongisthegraft?• Youcan’tteachsheeptothrow!
• Radargunsorbettertechnologyisrequired.
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MyRecommendations
• Throwingshouldnotstartuntil6 months.• Allvelocitiesorvalgusstressshouldmeasuredoneverythrow.• Moundworkmaybesaferthanlongtossaslongasvelocityiscontrolled.• Goalshouldbereturntocompetitivelevelatminimum14months.
ThankYou
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