REIFICATION

KAZUHIRO FUJIE

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Gaze at RDF and RSSimagine Semantic Web

Kazuhiro FujieITOCHU TECHNO-SCIENCE Corporation

2004/12/01

I’m in.

I’m in.

I’m in.

I’m in.

I’m in.

I’m in.

I’m in.

I’m in.

I’m in.

I’m in.

I’m in.

I’m in.

I’m in.

" I’m in. "

Trinity

I got the key.

• 名称: W3C Day Japan 2003• 日時: 2003年11月14日 (金)• 「Web の生みの親 Tim Berners-Lee 自

ら Semantic Web を語る」– http://www.w3.org/2003/11/14-W3CDay-

Japan/

• 計算機処理可能なメタデータによって構築される次世代 Web 技術 Semantic Web

" Zion! Hear Me!"

Morpheus

‘Zion! Hear me!’

" Zion! Hear Me!It is true what many of you have heard.

The machines have gathered an army, and I speak that army is drawing nearer to our

home.Believe me when I say we have a difficult

time ahead of us. But if we are to be prepared for it, we must first shed our fear of it. I stand here before you now truthfully

unafraid.Why? "

Morpheus

" Because I believe something you do not?No?

I stand here without fear because I remember.

I remember that I am here not because of the path that lies before me, but because

of the path that lies behind me.I remember that for 100 years we have

fought these machines.I remember that 100 years they have sent

their armies to destroy us."

Morpheus

" And after a century of war, I remember that which matters most:

We are still here!Tonight, let us send a message to that

army.Tonight, let us shake this cave.

Tonight, let us tremble these halls of earth, steel and stone.

Let us be heard from red core to black sky.Tonight, let us make them remember:This is zion and we are not afraid! "

Morpheus

Blog

WebLog

Blog

• Web+Log -> WebLog -> We+Blog -> Blog

• 「手軽に更新できる」サイト– コンテンツの更新や追加を、ブラウザから行な

える

• 記事が新しい順に時系列に並んでいる

• Web日記? Journal vs. weblog• 様々な形態。より簡単に。

Blog CGI Server

• Movable Type• Blosxom(pronounced "blossom"),

Nucleus, WordPress, pMachine, Radio UserLand, …

• GsBlog, Blogn(ぶろぐん), PHPWeblog, ppBlog, stereolog, sb,Naruto, 華式(Kshiki), WebFrog,tDiary, …

Movable Type

with ease

Blog Hosting Service

• Blogger, TypePad, Tripod blog, …• チャンネル北国tv, はてなダイアリー,

JUGEM, 2ch-blog, ヤプログ, …• goo BLOG, livedoor Blog, 楽天広場,

Excite ブログ, MSN space, …• ココログ, ブログ人, So-net blog, AOL

ダイアリー, LOVELOG, ウェブリブログ

• TypePad Japan, サンリオブログ, …

Blogger

Neuromancer

TypePad

Blog Feature

• Simple and Easy– 個人で始められる。

– 簡単に更新できる。

– 更新が頻繁に行われる。

• Syndication– 他のサイトと連携ができる。

–TrackBack, RSS

Wiki

Wiki Wiki Web

Wiki

• Ward Cunningham–Wiki Wiki Web– " The simplest online database that

could possibly work. "

• 「誰でも編集できる」

• WikiWikiClones–RWiki, Hiki, Swiki, FreeStyle Wiki,

YukiWiki, …

YukiWiki

A lot of Smith.

A lot of Smith.

A lot of Smith.

A lot of Smith.

A lot of Smith.

A lot of Smith.

A lot of Smith.

A lot of Smith.

A lot of Smith.

A lot of Smith.

A lot of Smith.

A lot of Smith.

A lot of Smith.

A lot of Smith.

A lot of Smith.

A lot of Smith.

" It is purpose that created us.Purpose that connects us.

Purpose that pull us.That guides us.That drives us.

It is purpose that defines.Purpose that bind us."

Smith (not Agent)

Syndication

Feed & Aggregation

Content Syndication

• サイトの更新情報を提供。

– " Syndicate this site (XML) "

– 「 このサイトと連携する (XML) 」

• RSSを生成し提供

–Blogの機能による

–Blog以外のサイトでも提供

Syndicate this site ?

Subscription & Aggregation

• RSS Feed and Reader/Aggregator• Publish/Subscribe model

RSSFeed

RSSReader

Subscription

RSSFeed/Reader

Subscription

Subscription

Aggregation

Subscription

Subscription

RSSFeed/Reader

" I am a trafficker of information.

I know everything I can. "

Merovingian

Merovingian

RSS Reader/Aggregator

• Feedreader, FeedDemon, RSSOwl,NewsGlue, SharpReader, …

• Headline-Deskbar, RabbitTicker, …• AmphetaDesk, …• Miech, Mozilla Firefox, …• RSS Feed を提供しているサイトを登録し

自ら読み込む事により更新情報を取得。

AmphetaDesk

Rabbit Ticker

FeedReader

Mozilla Firefox

Opera

" I know because I must know.It is my purpose.

It’s the reason I’m here,the same reasonwe’re all here. "

Keymaker

Keymaker

RSS

RDF Site Summary

RSS Stands for …

• RDF Site Summary - RSS1.0• Rich Site Summary - RSS0.91• Really Simple Syndication -RSS2.0• Radio Service Software, Rail

Security Service, Remote Storage Service, Remote Switch Subsystem, Roland Sound Space …

RSS CAST & CREW

• Ramanathan V. Guha, Apple.• Ora Lassila, Ralph R. Swick, W3C.• Dan Libby, Netscape.• Dave Winer, UserLand Software.• The RSS-DEV Working Group:• Netscape, Apple(Steve Jobs), W3C,

Microsoft, UserLand, O’Reilly, …

RDF/RSS History 1/6

• Meta Content Framework (MCF)–Project Sauce/X, later renamed

HotSauce, Ramanathan Guha

• Channel Definition Format (CDF)–called "Pointcast", Microsoft.– called "Active Desktop", Microsoft.

RDF/RSS History 2/6

• Resource Description Framework (RDF)– first RDF working draft released.–RDF Model and Syntax Specification

released as a W3C Recommendation, W3C.

RDF/RSS History 3/6

• RSS 0.9 (RDF Site Summary)–called "My Netscape Network", Dan

Libby, Netscape.

• RSS 0.91 (Rich Site Summary)–Dan Libby, Netscape–Dave Winer, UserLand.

RDF/RSS History 4/6

• RSS 1.0 (RDF Site Summary)–closer original RDF conception, The

RSS-DEV group.

• RSS 0.92 (Rich Site Summary?)–Dave Winer, UserLand.

RDF/RSS History 5/6

• Resource Description Framework (RDF)–RDF Schema Specification 1.0

published as a W3C Candidate Recommendation, W3C.

• XML World 2000–"XML and the Web", by Tim Berners-

Lee.

RDF/RSS History 6/6

• RSS 2.0 (Really Simple Syndication)–Dave Winer, UserLand.

• Atom (formerly Echo) …

" Confused, Mr. Anderson?It’ll all become clear in a

moment. "

Bane (Smith)

‘Smith’

Confusion Version

• RSS 0.90 - RDF Based, Netscape. • RSS 0.91 - RDF-free, Netscape

and UserLand Software.• RSS 1.0 – RDF Based, The RSS-

DEV. • RSS 0.92 - RDF-free, UserLand.• RSS 2.0 - RDF-free, UserLand.

" Reload ! "

Captain Mifune

‘Mifune’

tree of RSS 1.0channelchannel

titletitle imageimage textinputtextinput itemitem

linklink

descriptiondescription

imageimage

textinputtextinput

itemsitems

titletitle

urlurl

linklink

titletitletitletitle

descriptiondescription

namename

linklink

linklink

descriptiondescription

RSS 1.0 document 1/3

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf=http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#xmlns:dc=http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/xmlns:sy=http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/xmlns:admin=http://webns.net/mvcb/xmlns:cc=http://web.resource.org/cc/xmlns="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/">

<channel rdf:about="http://johnnydepp/macaroni/">…

</rdf:RDF>

• Generated by Movable Type

RSS 1.0 document 2/3

<channel rdf:about="http://johnnydepp/macaroni/"><title>m@c@roni</title><link>http://johnnydepp/macaroni/</link><description /> <dc:language /> <dc:creator /><dc:date>2004-11-12T14:41:00+09:00</dc:date><admin:generatorAgent rdf:resource=

"http://www.movabletype.org/?v=3.01D-ja" /><items>

<rdf:Seq><rdf:li rdf:resource="http://johnnydepp/macaroni/

archives/2004/11/get_you_ferrari_1.html" /></rdf:Seq>

</items></channel>

• Generated by Movable Type

RSS 1.0 document 3/3

<item rdf:about="http://johnnydepp/macaroni/archives/2004/11/get_you_ferrari_1.html">

<title>Ferrari iPod Photo - Gonna Get You</title><link>http://johnnydepp/macaroni/

archives/2004/11/get_you_ferrari_1.html</link><description>Ferrari色を注文しました。思い切ってのiPod

Photoです。 ...</description><dc:subject>Box</dc:subject><dc:creator>kfujie</dc:creator><dc:date>2004-11-12T14:41:00+09:00</dc:date>

</item></rdf:RDF>

• Generated by Movable Type

" Blind messiah, you’re a symbol for all of your kind, Mr. Anderson.

Helpless.Pathetic.

Just waiting to be put out of your misery. "

Bane (Smith)

RSS library of Java

• Informa–" The goal of the Informa Project is to

provide a news aggregation library based on the Java Platform. "

–RSS 0.9x, RSS 1.0 / RDF, RSS 2.0, Atom 0.3

• Others–RSS4j, RSSLib4J, RSSLibJ …– (JSR) Standard does not exist.

Using Informa

• Parsing an RSS feed

File inpFile = new File("javanews.xml");ChannelIF channel = FeedParser.parse(new ChannelBuilder(), inpFile);

URL inpUrl = new URL("http://johnnydepp/macaroni/index.rdf");ChannelIF channel = FeedParser.parse(new ChannelBuilder(), inpUrl);

Result of Parsing

• Output of ConsoleC:¥>java Trainman http://johnnydepp/macaroni/index.rdfChannel Title : m@c@roniChannel Overview :Channel Generator : http://www.movabletype.org/?v=3.01D-jaChannel Docs : http://purl.org/rss/1.0/Items+ ...+------------------------------------------+- Title : Ferrari iPod Photo - Gonna Get You- Link : http://johnnydepp/macaroni/archives/

2004/11/get_you_ferrari_1.html- Desc : Ferrari色を注文しました。

思い切ってのiPod Photoです。...

" Knuckle Up ! "

Captain Mifune

‘Mifune’

Demo

Parsing RSS

" The Trainman.I don’t like him. "

Sati

‘Trainman’

RDF

Resource Description Framework

RDF Stands for …

• Resource Description Framework– framework for metadata

• Refuse Derived Fuel– 可燃性廃棄物（ごみ等）を破砕､圧縮成形する

ことにより作られる固形燃料です

RDF CAST & CREW

• Ora Lassila, W3C.• Ralph R. Swick, W3C.• Ramanathan V. Guha, IBM.• Dan Brickley, W3C.• Eric Miller, W3C.• Tim Bray, Sun Microsystems.• Tim Berners-Lee, W3C.

Resource Description Framework (RDF)

• RDF is a universal format for data on the Web

• RDF started as framework for metadata; providing interoperability between applications that exchange machine-understandable information on the Web.

Resource Description Framework (RDF) cont.

• RDF emphasizes facilities to enable automated processing of Web resources and as such provides the basic building blocks for supporting the Semantic Web.

• RDF metadata can be used in a variety of application areas; …

Metadata

• Metadata is "data about data."–ex. a library catalog is metadata.

• The solution proposed here is to use metadata to describe the data contained on the Web.–Because of the volume of information

the Web contains, it is not possible to manage it manually.

‘Stairs, Smith.’

RDF Specification

• Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax

• RDF Semantics• RDF/XML Syntax Specification

(Revised)• RDF Vocabulary Description

Language 1.0: RDF Schema• RDF Primer• RDF Test Case

RDF Design Goals

• A Simple Data Model• Formal Semantics and Inference• Extensible URI-based Vocabulary• XML-based Syntax• Use XML Schema Datatypes• Anyone Can Make Statements

About Any Resource

RDF Concepts

• Graph data model• URI-based vocabulary• Datatypes• Literals• XML serialization syntax• Expression of simple facts• Entailment

" Three captain, One ship. "

Commander Lock

RDF Triples

• RDF Triples contains 3 components:–Subject–Predicate–Object

• Graph Data Model

PredicateSubject Object

" When I see 3 objectives,3 captains, 3 ships …I do not coincidence.

I see providence.I see purpose. "

Morpheus

3 objectives,3 captains, 3 ships

RDF/XML Describing Eric Miller

• Example RDF/XML from RDF primer

<?xml version="1.0"?><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"

xmlns:contact="http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#">

<contact:Person rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/People/EM/contact#me">

<contact:fullName>Eric Miller</contact:fullName><contact:mailbox rdf:resource="mailto:em@w3.org"/><contact:personalTitle>Dr.</contact:personalTitle>

</contact:Person>

</rdf:RDF>

An RDF Graph Describing Eric Miller

• Example RDF/XML from RDF primer

IsaViz

• A Visual Authoring Tool for RDF• RDF/XML, Notation 3 and N-Triple

import• implemented in Java• includes software developed by:

–HP Labs (Jena 2 Semantic Web Toolkit)–The Apache Software Foundation

(Xerces Java 2)

Eric Miller @ IsaViz

RSS1.0 @ IsaViz

" Knuckle Up ! "

Captain Mifune

‘Mifune’

Demo

display of RDF graph

Blog feed @ IsaViz

" You see?It’s like wiping your ass

with silk. I love it."

Merovingian

Merovingian

RDF Vocabularies

• defines a vocabulary.– semantic extension of RDF

• Dublin Core• FOAF - Friend of a Friend• Creative Commons License• Composite Capabilities /

Preferences Profile (CC/PP)• RSS

" No, it is a word.What matters is the connection the word

implies. "

Rama

Rama and Sati

RDF Helps Make the Web More Functional

" RDF has a general-purpose design and we are pleased that it is already being applied in areas we did not originally anticipate. Sophisticated applications of RDF may combine metadata about the same object supplied by more than one party on the Web, selecting the optimal source for specific properties and merging the sources' expertise. "-- Bob Schloss, IBM, W3C RDF Working Group co-chair

" It’s not over. "

Smith

‘Smith’

Semantic Web

Brave New World

‘Serafu, Trin, Morph’

Starring

• Tim Berners-Lee, W3C.– In 1989, he proposed a global hypertext project, to

be known as the World Wide Web. Based on the earlier "Enquire" work, it was designed to allow people to work together by combining their knowledge in a web of hypertext documents. He wrote the first World Wide Web server, "httpd", and the first client, "WorldWideWeb" a what-you-see-is-what-you-get hypertext browser/editor which ran in the NeXTStep environment. This work was started in October 1990, and the program "WorldWideWeb" first made available within CERN in December, and on the Internet at large in the summer of 1991.

The Semantic Web

"The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation." -- Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler,

Ora Lassila, The Semantic Web, Scientific American, May 2001

The Semantic Web

" The Semantic Web will bring structure to the meaningful content of Web pages, creating an environment where software agents roaming from page to page can readily carry out sophisticated tasks for users. Such an agent coming to the clinic's Web page will know not just that the page has keywords such as "treatment, medicine, physical, therapy" (as might be encoded today) "

The Semantic Web

" … but also that Dr. Hartman works at this clinic on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays and that the script takes a date range in yyyy-mm-dd format and returns appointment times."-- Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler,

Ora Lassila, The Semantic Web, Scientific American, May 2001

" There. Those mountains.That’s it. "

Neo

‘Logos’

Appendix

Bibliography and more…

Specification

• RDF Site Summary (RSS) 1.0– http://web.resource.org/rss/1.0/spec

• Resource Description Framework (RDF)– http://www.w3.org/RDF/

• Semantic Web– http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/

Bibliography

• Practical RDF–Shelley Powers– ISBN:0-596-00263-7

• Content Syndication With RSS–Ben Hammersley– ISBN:0-596-00383-8

Bibliography

• Movable Typeで今すぐできるウェブログ入門

– 平田 大治

– ISBN:4-844-31812-8

• 結城浩のWiki入門

– 結城浩

– ISBN:4-844-31915-9

Philosophy

• EXISTENTIAL PHENOMENOLOGY AND THE BRAVE NEW WORLD OF THE MATRIX –HUBERT DREYFUS & STEPHEN

DREYFUS– http://whatisthematrix.warnerbros.com/

• PHILOSOPHY AND THE MATRIX– http://whatisthematrix.warnerbros.com/rl_cm

p/phi.html

Article

• The Web KANZAKI– Masahide Kanzaki– http://kanzaki.com/docs/sw/rss.html

• Brave New World– Shelley Powers– http://burningbird.net/articles/

• Rebirth – Kent Beck– http://www.tech-arts.co.jp/xp/Rebirth.pdf

Article

• The Semantic Web– http://www-

sop.inria.fr/acacia/personnel/Fabien.Gandon/lecture/licence_travaux_etude2002/TheSemanticWeb/

– Scientific American: Feature Article: The Semantic Web: May 2001

– Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler, Ora Lassila

Software

• Movable Type– http://www.movabletype.org/

• TypePad– http://www.typepad.com/

• Blogger– http://www.blogger.com/

• YukiWiki– http://www.hyuki.com/yukiwiki/

Software

• AmphetaDesk– http://www.disobey.com/amphetadesk/

• RabbitTicker – http://www.work-at.co.jp/rabbit/index.html

• Feedreader– http://www.feedreader.com/

• Mozilla Firefox– http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/

Software

• Opera– http://www.opera.com/

• Informa– http://informa.sourceforge.net/

• IsaViz– http://www.w3.org/2001/11/IsaViz/

Hardware

• iPod photo– http://www.apple.com/jp/ipodphoto/

– Apple Computer, Inc.

• iPod photo in color– http://www.colorwarepc.com/

– ColorWare Inc.

Person

• Tim Berners-Lee– http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/

• Dan Brickley– http://www.w3.org/People/DanBri/

• Eric Miller– http://www.w3.org/People/EM/

• Ramanathan V. Guha– http://www.guha.com/cv.html

Person

• Dan Libby – http://dan.libby.com/

• Dave Winer– http://dave.editthispage.com/

• Emmanuel Pietriga– http://www.lri.fr/~pietriga/

• Ora Lassila– http://www.lassila.org/

Person

• Tim Bray– http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/

Music

• "Imagine"– John Lennon– http://www.lennon.net/music/imagine.shtml– ASIN: B00009Y3Q3

• "Across The Universe"–Beatles– http://www.thebeatles.com/– ASIN: B000002UB6

Music

• "Dream on"–Aerosmith– http://www.aerosmith.com/– ASIN: B0000029AL

• "Over the Mountain"–Ozzy Osbourne & Randy Rhoads– http://www.ozzynet.com/– ASIN: B000063DIR

Music

• "Crazy Train"–Ozzy Osbourne & Randy Rhoads– http://www.ozzynet.com/– ASIN: B000063DFT

Series

• Reloaded– テスト駆動開発とツール– Test Driven Development and Tools– http://www.ctc-

g.co.jp/~cua/cua_t_day/doc/B4.pdf

• Revisited–Webサービスのクライアントをつくる– Try to create a client of Web Services– http://www.ctc-

g.co.jp/~cua/itstudy/0910_img/Revisited.pdf

‘frying gun and trin’

TO BE CONCLUDED.