rekha crawford

RekhaCrawford

LinguisticsIntroduction/ROL/Hypotheses/Methods/Results/Discussion/Conclusion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IPA_vowel_chart_2005.png

• Thestudyoflanguageanditsstructure• Phonology:AbranchofLinguisticsfocusedonthephoneticsofalanguage

• IPA:Internationalphoneticalphabet• Placement,rounding• Non-nativephonemes

Non-NativePhonemes§Non-nativeconsonants(Anetal.,2013)§Consonantdiscriminationwithtraining(Tamminen et.al2015)§Non-nativeFrenchvowels(Gottfreid,1984andLevyandStrange,2008)

(Got

tfrei

d, 1

984)

Introduction/ROL/Hypotheses/Methods/Results/Discussion/Conclusion

ModelsOfSpeechPerception§PAM(Best,1995)

§PAML2(BestandTyler,2007)§ AccordingtoPAMandPAM-L2theabilityofnon-nativelistenerstoperceiveandaccuratelydifferentiatebetweennon-nativephonemesisbasedonthesimilaritybetweennativeandothernon-nativephonemestothephonemeheard(BestandTyler,2007).

§ SpeechLanguageModel(Flege,2007)§ AccordingtoSLM,thecreationofanewcategoryforanon-nativephonemedependsonhowdifferentthephonemeisfromtheoriginalL1sound.PhoneticcategoryformationintheL2accordingtoSLMisbeingabletoputsoundsintothesamecategorydespiteirrelevantauditorydifferencesandbeingabletodistinguishthatsoundfromothercategoriesdespitecommonalities.


ResearchquestionsCanEnglishspeakerswithandwithoutFrenchexperienceaccuratelyidentifyFrenchvowels?DoFrenchtakersshowbetteridentificationofFrenchVowelsthannon-Frenchtakers?WhichvowelcontrastishardestforFrenchtakersversusnon-Frenchtakers?

Vowelsbeingstudied://and/y/ø


HypothesesHo:Theparticipantswillperformatchance.Therewillbenosignificancefromthetest.H1:Frenchtakersandnon-Frenchtakerswillperformabovechancebuttherewillbenodifferencebetweentheperformanceofthegroups.H2:Frenchtakerswillperformbetterthannon-Frenchtakersoverall.H3:Frenchtakersandnon-Frenchtakerswillfinddifferentcontrastsdifficulttoidentifycorrectly.


Methods§Thereweretwoversionsofthestudy,aninpersonandonlineversion§Bothconsistedofasettaskinwhichparticipantslistenedtwo30vowelpairsconsistingofthevowels//,/y/,/u/,and/o/inaCV§IPAwasusedinthetask

ø


Recruitment§Recruitmentprocess§Exclusioncriteria§Benefits§Ages12-18§Participants46§AllparticipantswereeithercurrentlytakingFrench,Spanish,ornottakingalanguagecurrentlybuthadstudiedFrenchorSpanish


0

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12 13 14 15 16 17 18

French Takers Age Distribution

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Non-French Takers Age Distribution

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12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Age Distribution of All Participants

AnalysisandResults§Participantsgroupedbasedonlanguagestudied;Frenchandnon-French

§Theaveragerawscorefornon-Frenchtakerswas20.8 (69%correct)whereastheaveragescoreforFrenchtakerswas20.4(68%correct)

§T-testusedtoevaluatewhethertherewasasignificantdifferencebetweenthegroupsperformances

§Chi-squaredtestdidshowsomerelationshipbetweenvowelandgroup


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Non-French Takers Score Distribution

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Score Distribution of All Participants

00.51

1.52

2.53

3.5

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French Takers Score Distribution

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1

Perc

enta

ge co

rrect

/ø-u/ /y-ø/ /u-y/

Percentage Correct by Vowel Pair

Fre nch Non -Fre nch

0

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1

Perc

enta

ge C

orre

ct

Fricative Aveolar Bilabial Velar

Percentage Correct by Consonant Type

Fre nch Non -Fre nch

Discussion§ Gottfried (1984) and Levy and Strange (2008) findings versus my findings §/u-y/ contrast may have been better for non-French takers due to their Spanish experience

§No significant consonant context effect, however there was a link between language studied and vowel contrast §Methods differed

§Age difference between groups §Phonemic awareness training


Limitations§NoNativeFrenchspeakers§Smallsamplesizebecausesamplehadtobedividedintotwogroups§Newmethods§Stimulusallfromoneperson


FurtherResearch§InthefutureIwouldliketo:§ ERPstudy§ Moreparticipants§ Trainingtask§ Frenchspeakingcontrolgroup§ Categorygoodness


Conclusions

§Middleschoolandhighschoolexperienceisinsufficienttolearnnon-nativevowels§Furtherresearchintotrainingstudentstorecognizenovelcontrastsisneeded


Acknowledgments

Iwouldliketothankmymentor,ValerieShafer,andmyScienceResearchinstructor,MichaelInglis


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Monod, Pierre A. R. "French Vowels vs. English Vowels." The French Review 45.1 (1971): 88-95. JSTOR. Web. 13 Jan. 2016.

Shafer, Valerie L., Richard G. Schwartz, and Diane Kurtzberg. "Language-specific Memory Traces of Consonants in the Brain." Cognitive Brain Research 18.3 (2004): 242-54. Web. 17 Dec. 2015.

Sirri, Louah, and Pia Rämä. "Cognitive and Neural Mechanisms Underlying Semantic Priming during Language Acquisition." Journal of Neurolinguistics 35 (2015): 1-12. Science Direct. Web. 16 Dec. 2015.

Tamminen, Henna, Maija S. Peltola, Teija Kujala, and Risto Näätänen. "Phonetic Training and Non-native Speech Perception — New Memory Traces Evolve in Just Three Days as Indexed by the Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and Behavioural Measures." International Journal of Psychophysiology 97.1 (2015): 23-29. Web. 6 Jan. 2016.

Tamminen, Henna and Maija Peltola. "Non-native Memory Traces Can Be Further Strengthened by Short Term Phonetic Training." Department of Phonetics Lab, University of Turku, Finland (2015). Web. 3 Jan. 2016.

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