RELATED TO EDUCATION:WITH A FOCUS ON, PROVENANCE

OR LINKS TOMISSIONARY CHURCH

By Dr. Timothy Paul Erdel

he Missionary Church has a way of confounding those whowould try to explain or classify it. For a relatively small evangeli­cal denomination, it has a rather lively and entertaining history,one filled with many cross-currents and apparent contradictions.Part of the confusion arises from the inter-play of five distinct ifoverlapping church traditions that formed and gave shape to theMissionary Church: the Anabaptist, Pietist, Wesleyan-holiness,Keswickian-holiness, and evangelical movements all left theirimprint. A potpourri of further influences from American frontierrevivalism to dispensational fundamentalism to the Pentecostaland Charismatic movements have from time to time made theirpresence felt, sometimes in contradistinction to officially stateddoctrines of the Missionary Church. Still other significant factorscontinue to leave their mark on the Missionary Church. Theseoften derive from her aggressive commitment to global missions(missions sometimes change sending churches as much or more asthey impact receiving cultures), from a highly successful patternof church planting that embraces persons and pastors from evermore diverse theological backgrounds, and from the sometimes all­too-pervasive influences ofthe larger social and political culturesin which the Missionary Church is found.

Certain puzzles and anomalies extend to the realm of highereducation. From some perspectives, the Missionary Church wouldseem somewhat isolated from the mainstream of intellectual cur­rents in the United States. Some scholars would even cast stonesin her direction. Church historian Mark Noll was quick to blamethe Wesleyan-holiness movement (ofwhich the Missionary Churchis a part) for what he called "the scandal ofthe evangelical mind,"just as a generation earlier Pulitzer Prize winning historianRichard Hofstadter had singled out Methodist circuit rider PeterCartwright (a model for some early Missionary Church predecessorReisepredigeren or traveling evangelists) as the great symbol ofevangelical anti-intellectualism in American life. It is only fair toadmit, moreover, that in every generation there have been well­situated persons within the Missionary Church who have beenquite open about their contempt for intellectual pursuits.

Nevertheless, from the very beginning, persons who gave rise toand have sustained the Missionary Church have also pursued thedream ofhigher learning. When Bethany Bible Institute opened inBluffton, Ohio on 1 November 1895, it was the first and probablyremains the only tertiary level institution founded by a group stillconsideredAmish ("EglyAmish," though by then already known tosome as "Defenseless Mennonites"). On the Mennonite Brethren inChrist side, Elder Daniel Brenneman started a ministerial trainingschool in Elkhart, Indiana in November 1900. The numericallytiny Northwest Conference of the Mennonite Brethren in Christestablished eight Bible schools within a relatively short time-span(1903-1918), although none would survive. [Will the new wave ofMissionary Church Hispanic Bible institutes now cropping up dobetter and thrive long-term?]

After a period of somewhat uncertain beginnings, strongereducational leaders and institutions began to appear and develop.When Jasper Abraham Huffman took over the fledgling WinonaLake School ofTheology, he brought together one of the more giftedand ecumenical theological faculties in the United States, even as hekept the unique summer seminary thoroughly evangelical in focus.Huffman also pushed for years to found Bethel College (which namehe suggested) and helped insure that the Mennonite Brethren inChrist school wouldbe a liberal arts college, not merely a Bible school,even though he himselfwas the first Dean ofthe School ofthe Bibleat Bethel College. Huffman's phrase, "insisting upon higher educa­tion," is borrowed for the title ofthis bibliography from one such plea(see Huffman 1927). Later on Safara A. Witmer emerged from theMissionary ChurchAssociation and Fort Wayne Bible College as thegreat intellectual leader ofthe entire Bible college movement. Todaythe campus of Jamaica Theological Seminary and the Caribbean

ne01C)gy in Jamaica forms the hubeV:'ln,geJlIC,'ll tJl1e~}logH~al education in the Caribbean.

LVllss1lon~lryChurch with to higheredUC:ltl1on: What do about education? What is the

of higher education in the Church? One smallin such a is to a bibliography of

publications about education that are related in one wayor another to the Church.

The following bibliography is selective and representativerather than systematic or exhaustive. Whole categories ofpublica­tions are generally omitted, including most articles in denomina­tional periodicals or other popular magazines, as well as variousforms of "grey" literature: institutional reports, accreditationself~studies, catalogs, bulletins, handbooks, college yearbooks,student newspapers, alumni magazines and newsletters, otherpromotional publications, findings by consultants, grant propos-

board minutes, and similar documents. Some biographies ofor tributes to Missionary Church educators are included. Thereare also some significant exceptions, however, to the foregoingcriteria in what follows. For example, there is a slight tilt towardpublications from and about Bethel College, Indiana, since it isat this time the sole accredited college within the United Statesdirectly affiliated with the Missionary Church, Inc.

Each ofthe publications listed below fits at least one (or more)of the following criteria. The author is from the Missionary Churchand is writing about some aspect of higher education. Or the workis concerned with higher education in the Missionary Church, itspredecessors, or its affiliated bodies overseas. Or the work is aboutan educator or educational leader in or from the Missionary Church.Not all ofthe authors listed below spent their entire career withinthe Missionary Church, but most were linked in crucial ways at onepoint or another to the Missionary Church or its predecessors, or toits institutions of higher education. Ifthere is no other connection,they at least wrote about an educator or some other aspect ofhighereducation related to the Missionary Church.

On the other hand, not every tertiary institution or educationalleader related to the Missionary Church is represented in the materi­als below. This is by no means a catalog ofschools, nor ofsignificanteducators, of whom there have been a fairly surprising numberfrom a relatively small denomination. J. Duane Beals (EvangelicalSchool of Theology & Western Evangelical Seminary), Norman V.Bridges (Barclay College & Friends University), Dennis Engbrecht(Vennard College), Jared F. Gerig (Pacific Bible College), Woodrow1. Goodman (Marion College), Edison Habegger (Cascade College),J. A. Huffman (Marion College, Taylor University, & Winona Lake

School of Theology), Jay Kesler (Taylor University), Bob Laurent(Judson College), Duane Litfin (Wheaton College), Robert Morris(Vennard College), Robert Peck (Vennard College), Eugene Sims(Michigan Bible Institute), Les Steele (Seattle Pacific University),Timothy M. Warner (Trinity Evangelical Divinity SchooD, andDaryl R. Yost (Taylor University) would be just some examples ofpersons reared in or at some point identified with the MissionaryChurch who became well known for leadership at schools outsideof the Missionary Church. Some led non-Missionary Church in­stitutions overseas. Examples would include LaVerne Blowers(Faculdade Teologia da Igreja Metodista Livre, Brazil), Lois Fuller(Nigeria Evangelical Missionary Institute), Zenas Gerig (CaribbeanGraduate School ofTheology, Jamaica), Jorge Gomez (WGM BibleInstitute, Honduras), Diememe Noelliste (Caribbean GraduateSchool of Theology, Jamaica), Loyal R. Ringenberg (Christ's Col­lege, Taiwan), and Rosalino Rodriguez (Seminario BiblicoAlianza,Ecuador). Others, such as Herbert W. Byrne (Asbury TheologicalSeminary), William Crothers (Roberts Wesleyan University),Richard Felix (Friends University & Azusa Pacific University),Claire Henry (Nyack College), Bruce Hicks (Barclay College), LonRandall (Malone College), and Dale Simmons (Judson College)became deans, provosts, or presidents after studying or serving atMissionary Church colleges. Of course, each Missionary Churchinstitution of higher education, of which there have been a goodmany, however short-lived some have been, has had its own listof leaders and administrators. Still other educators are less wellknown, and undoubtedly many significant persons and publicationshave been missed all together in this preliminary compilation.

Finally, this is not an attempt to document scholarship fromthe Missionary Church. A thinker such as William Lane Craig isknown today in universities around the globe for his fundamentalcontributions to the philosophy of time, philosophy of religion,philosophical theology, and evidential apologetics. Biblical scholarsfrom the Missionary Church (e.g., Eugene Carpenter and WesleyGerig) and graduates ofits institutions (e.g., Grant Osborne) havepublished substantial works ofscholarly significance, but the focushere is on publications which reflect on the nature or history ofhigher education, especially as it relates to the Missionary Church.If there is an exception to this rule, some works of theology havebeen listed which helped shape curricular content and the wholeapproach to theological education. While there is a deliberate biastoward scholarly publications, including theses and dissertations,by no means is every entry a work of scholarship.

W. 1997. Faithful with a few A dedicationto Dr. Zenas and Mrs. Esther Gerig. BINAR (Kingston,Jamaica) 2 (June): 4-6.

Zenas Gerig was a major catalyst for the developmentofevangelical theological education across the Caribbean,then of theological education accrediting associationsaround the globe (see Pallner 2002; cf Erdel200l).

Amstutz, John Pritchard. 1948. The life of Joseph E. Ramseyer:Founder of the Missionary Church Association. Th.M.thesis, Princeton Theological Seminary.

J. E. Ramseyer led both the M.C.A. (1900-1944) andits school in Fort Wayne, Indiana (1904, 1911-1944) fornearly a halfcentury, and did so largely by consensus. Hewas not so much an administrator as he was a trustedleader, one revered and beloved as a holy man ofGod.

Arthur, Carolyn Lee. 1981. Student development in small col­leges. M.A. thesis, Ball State University.

____. 1991. Public and community service activities offaculty and academic staff members at a land grantinstitution: A study of Michigan State University. Ph.D.diss., Michigan State University.

Awojobi, Joseph runde. 1995. A descriptive study ofthe educa­tional institutions ofthe Missionary Church Associationin Jamaica: With a focus on elementary, remedial andvocational schools. M.A. thesis, Caribbean GraduateSchool of Theology (Kingston, Jamaica). UMI #1375268.

Some mention of higher education, but see entry byRoger Ringenberg (1992) below.

Barcalow, Douglas A. 1986. Continuing education in the Biblecollege movement: A historical study of five institutions.Ed.D. diss., Northern Illinois University.

Fort Wayne Bible College is one of the case studies.

[Beals, J. Duane]. 1991. An educational philosophy for the Mis­sionary Church. [With Timothy M. Warner and others].Position paper adopted by the 1991 General Conferenceof the Missionary Church and published in subsequenteditions of the Constitution ol the Missionary Church,Inc. Fort Wayne, Ind.: Missionary Church, Inc.

Re-worhing ola paper originally dralted in 1969by Timothy M. Warner and included at that time in theConstitution (see Warner 1969 below).

Behnken, Robert A. 1945. The distinguishing characteristics ofthe Mennonite Brethren in Christ. S.T.B. thesis, TheBiblical Seminary in New York.

Calls lor an intentional approach to educating Men­nonite Brethren in Christ members about M.B. C. distinc­tives, lest the reasons that wouldjustif'y the M.B.C. belost. Helped prepare the conceptual case for the loundingolBethel College, though it did so indirectly.

Bethel College. 1947- . Bethel Bulletin: Catalog, vol. 1- ,no. 1­(May- ). Mishawaka, Ind.: Bethel College.

Title varies. Current title: Bethel College, Indiana:Catalog: 2003-2004. No longer numbered.

____. 1948- . The Bethel Beacon, vol. 1- ,no. 1- (23 January-).Mishawaka, Ind.: Bethel College Student Council.

First issue a mimeographed newslettel; then printedlor some time in a modified magazine lormat, then as anewspaper.

___.1948-. The Helm, vol. 1-. Mishawaka, Ind.: BethelCollege.

Ayearbooh has appeared each year except 1986,when Bethel College was on an austerity budget andnearly closed.

____. 1989- . Bethel Magazine. Vol. 1- , no. 1- . Mishawaka,Ind.: Bethel College.

A strihing step lorward lrom previous alumni publi­cations.

___J. [1997]. Bethel College, 1947-1997: Sustained bylaith. [Mishawaka, Ind.J: [Golden Dome Productions forBethel CollegeJ. Videocassette.

Filtieth anniversary video.

Beutler, Albert Jacob. 1959. The development of a program ofhigher education in the United Missionary Church ofAmerica. M.A. thesis, Winona Lake School of Theology(Winona Lake, Indiana).

Includes extensive quotations from the Gospel Ban­ner and other early Mennonite Brethren in Christ sourc­es documenting the sharp debates within the churchover the value of higher education, and over the meritsofestablishing a denominational college, beginning withthe short-lived Bible Training School established dur­ing November 1900 by Daniel Brenneman at Elkhart,Indiana (the third year it moved to Goshen, then back toElkhart in its fourth and final year). Also includes sonwamazing facts, e.g., the sparsely populated NorthwestDistrict alone established some eight Bible schools from1903 to 1918, none of which survived. Tells the stories insome detail of Omaha Bible Training School, MountainView Bible College, Emmanuel Bible College, and BethelCollege. A study buttressed by a nearly exhaustive bibli­ography (112-130) o{early Mennonite Brethren in Christarticles, con{erence journal reports, catalogs, pamphlets,and other publications about higher education. There isno attempt to duplicate that very thorough list here.

___.1970. The founding and history of Bethel College ofIndiana. Ph.D. diss., Michigan State University.

Now somewhat dated, but still the most detailedhistory o{ Bethel College available. Beutler later becamethe third president (1974-1982) o{Bethel College.

____. 1995. The struggle for resolution: The first twenty-fiveyears of higher education in the Missionary Church.Reflections 2/3 (Fall 1994/Spring 1995): 12-23.

The di{ficulties J. A. Hu{{nwn {eared and predictedalready in 1955 (see below) proved all too true.

___.2001. A tribute to Ray Pannabecker (1913-2001).Reflections. 5 (Spring): 33-35.

Ray Pannabecker served as the popular secondpresident (1959-1974) o{Bethel College.

BINAH. 1996-1997. Vols. 1-2. Kingston, Jamaica: JamaicaTheological Seminary and Caribbean Graduate Schoolof Theology.

An ambitious enterprise for a small, hard-pressedfaculty, which would soon be editing a second journal aswell, namely, the Caribbean Journal of EvangelicalTheology (see below). In 1998 the two publicationsmerged.

Birkey, Arlan J., Fred Van Dyke, and Ted D. Nickel. 1988. TheCreator [and] his creation: Reflections on the nineteenthPsalm and the purpose of Christian higher education.Christianity Today 32 (4 November 1988): 56, 58, 60, 62.

Blowers, LaVerne, with Greg Getz. 2003. Insight from a Bethele-prof. Missionary Church Today, vol. 35, no. 4 [n.s., vol.1, no. 2], September/October, 7.

Discusses teaching over the internet via the PastoralLeadership Institute of the Missionary Church.

Brackett, Charles H. 1967. The history ofAzusa College and theFriends, 1900-1965. M.A. thesis, University of SouthernCalifornia.

Azusa Pacific University has been a school ofchoicein the Western District of the Missionary Church, withrepresentation on various levels.

Brenneman, Daniel. 1893. The Mennonite school question. TheGospel Banner, vol. 16, no. 29, 18 July, 546.

An early call for a denominational college, by afounder of the Reformed Mennonites. By this timeBrenneman was the dominant leader of the MennoniteBrethren in Christ, which was formed in 1883 when fourAnabaptist traditions completed a series of formal merg­ers over an eight year period.

Brenneman, Wayne H. 1955. A church is born! Share, Nigeria:[by the author]. Mimeographed.

A history of the Mennonite Brethren in Christ /United Missionary Society mission field with the largestnumber ofeducational institutions.

____. [1978]. The indigenization of the Missionary Churchof Nigeria. Graduate project, Huntington College, Hun­tington, Indiana. Mimeographed.

A reflective update on the story ofthe UnitedMissionary Society / Missionary Church mission in Nigeria.

Bridges, Norman Valette. 1970. A study in the practice of pro­cedural due process in actions of dismissal in Indianacolleges and universities. Ph.D. diss., The University ofMichigan.

Norman Bridges succeeded Walter Weldy (InterimPresident, 1988-1989) as the sixth President (1989-2004)ofBethel College. He had previously been the first VicePresident (1971-1973) at Bethel College.

Burgess, Harold William. 1975. An invitation to religious educa­tion. With a Foreword by Robert T. O'Gorman. Misha­waka, Ind.: Religious Education Press.

A study in the theories of religious education withimplications for the formal teaching of religious educa­tors in seminary.

____.1996. Models of religious education: Theory and prac­tice in historical and contemporary perspective. Whea­ton, Ill.: Victor Books, A BridgePoint Book.

A mature transformation of themes explored in hisfirst title. Burgess and Byrne (see below) taught for manyyears at Asbury Theological Seminary, a school ofchoicefor many of those clergy in the Missionary Church whodid go to seminary.

Burtchaell, James Tunstead. 1998. The dying of the light: Thedisengagement ofcolleges and universities from theirChristian churches. Grand Rapids, Mich.: EerdmansPublishing Co.

Azusa Pacific University is a major case study inthis somewhat controversial volume. At one time APUhad fairly close links with the Missionary Church.

Byrne, Herbert W. 1977. A Christian approach to education:Educational theory and application. With a Foreword byCharles G. Schauffele. 2d ed. Milford, Mich.: Mott Media.

The first edition was published in 1961 byZondervan Publishing House when Byrne was Dean ofFort Wayne Bible College. Two-thirds of the work hasfairly direct application to higher education.

____.1997. John Wesley and learning. Salem, Oh.: SchmulPublishing Co.

Some references to higher education.

____. 1998. Education and divine revelation. Fort Wayne,Ind.: Evangel Press for Acts Multi-Ministries.

See especially pages 224-259 for a discussion ofChristian liberal arts and seminary education.

Caribbean Journal ofEvangelical Theology. 1997- . Vol. 1- .Kingston, Jamaica: Caribbean Evangelical TheologicalAssociation, Jamaica Theological Seminary, and Carib­bean Graduate School of Theology.

Since 1998 also continues BINAH.

Christian Service Fellowship. 1972. Report ofevaluation studyof the Missionary Church. Fort Morgan, Col. and Minne­apolis, Minn.: Christian Service Fellowship. Multilitho­graphed (type and format vary).

The Christian Service Fellowship report coveredall aspects of the Missionary Church, giving the mostextensive treatment to overseas ministries (with numer­ous tertiary institutions identified in various countries).Nevertheless, it is clear that the one area ofoverridingdenominational concern at that time was that ofhighereducation in North America, see 112-152 and 226-242.The futures ofBethel College, Emmanuel Bible College,Fort Wayne Bible College, and Mountain View Bible Col­lege were very much up for discussion. Describes nine pos­sible options and four proposed models that had emergedfrom a denomination-wide survey. The consultants thenformally recommend yet another course ofaction, one dis­tinct from any of the previous ones, namely, closing andselling the assets ofall four colleges in order to establishwhat amounted to an educational foundation that wouldsupport Missionary Church students at other institutionsofhigher education. In essence, a small denomination

with four colleges was perceived by outside observers asunable to support a single one adequately.

Clark, David B. 1980. The Missionary Church in Jamaica. [FortWayne, Ind.!: [by the author].

See especially the section on Jamaica TheologicalSeminary, 75-83.

Clark, Valerie, compo [1997]. Missionary Church women inministry historical timeline: Some highlights. [Edited byJason C. Garnaat.] Chart prepared for distribution bythe Missionary Church Archives, Bethel College,Mishawaka, Indiana. Printout (photocopied).

Among other matters, documents female leadershipat various Missionary Church institutions ofhigher edu­cation, beginning with the founding ofBethany Bible In­stitute at Bluffton, Ohio on 1 November 1895. The schoolclosed several years later due to the untimely deaths oftwo key female leaders, Mrs. J. E. Ramseyer(l July 1899) and Mrs. B. P. Lugibihl (April 1900),

Craig, William Lane. 2003. Hard questions, real answers. Whea­ton, Ill.: Crossway Books.

See especially the Introduction, 9-29. William Craighas become the most prolific and publicly recognizedscholar from the Missionary Church. Not the least ofhislegacies is the transformation of the Evangelical Philo­sophical Society and its journal, Philosophia Christi.

Cramer, Steven Ross. 2002. Institutional transformation at aCouncil of Christian Colleges and Universities institu­tion: Trustees, administrators, and faculty members'perceptions. Ph.D. diss., Indiana State University.

A case study of Indiana Wesleyan University. StevenCramer has been nwned the seventh President (2004- )ofBethel College.

Culp, Jean A. Zawoysky. 1970. The Presence of anti-intellec­tualism in the founding of Bethel College, Mishawaka,Indiana. M.A. paper, Andrews University.

The title speaks for itself

Curtis, Carolyn. A man for all nations: The story of Clyde andRuth Taylor. The Jaffray Collection of MissionaryPortraits. Camp Hill, Pa.: Christian Publications.

"Mr. N.A.E." was a long-time member of the FortWayne Bible College board.

Davey, F. E. 1893. A Mennonite school. The Gospel Banner,vol. 16, no. 18,2 May, 286.

The first case for a denominational college in aMennonite Brethren in Christ periodical.

Dean, William w., ed. [19561. The United Missionary Churchyesterday and today. William W. Dean with AlanHatfield, Yvonne Kipp, Darrell Ensz, Charles Miller,Mary Whitacre, Elaine Ummel, Shirley Cary, MelvinCoil, Shirley Schooley, Dorothy Hayes, Eleanor Hine,John Carroll, Darlene Hatfield, Venus Arnold, HaroldBarger, Richard Carpenter, Mary Beth Moran, KeithRiffel, Janice Riffel, Donna Jean Stephey, HildaKinghorn, Polly Speicher, Jack McGlasson, and DeanMason. [Mishawaka, Ind.]: [Bethel College]. Mimeo­graphed. No pagination.

See especially, Institutional education of the UnitedMissionary Church, by Keith Riffel, Janice Riffel, andDonna Jean Stephey.

Dockery, Jeanne. 1980. A look at ourselves. Emphasis on Faithand Living, 15 July, 20.

Reports on a major reading survey conducted byBethel Publishing across the Missionary Church thatsuggested denominational members tend to be non-boohreaders or non-readers, at least if the results are pairedwith criteria published in other national reading surveys(see Erde11982a, 140-141).

Dugan, Richard Pierce, Sr. 1977. The theory of education withinthe Bible institute movement at selected critical times.Ph.D. diss., New York University.

____. 1995. The final years: Fort Wayne Bible College/Summit Christian College/Taylor University, FortWayne Campus. prepared for deposit in the FortWayne Bible College Collection, Missionary ChurchArchives, Bethel College, Mishawaka, Indiana. FortWayne, Ind.: by the author for the Missionary ChurchArchives. Printout (photocopied).

Dyck, David W. 1975. The Missionary Church in the DominicanRepublic. M.A. thesis, Fuller Theological Seminary.

Includes a description of leadership training in Bibleinstitutes and theological education by extension.

Eagle, Robert L. 1986. The Missionary Church in the Caribbean.M.Min. paper, Bethel College (Mishawaka, Indiana).Printout.

References to various patterns and types oftheologicaleducation are interwoven throughout the discussions ofthe Missionary Church in Jamaica, Haiti, and theDominican Republic.

Eastern Gospel Banner. 1917-1924. Cleveland, Oh.: PennsylvaniaConference of the Mennonite Brethren in Christ.

The Pennsylvania Conference edition of theMennonite Brethren in Christ denominational periodical.Contains briefarticles about higher education. J. A.Huffman claimed that this edition was founded andsustained as a protest against his editorship of the GospelBanner.

Elliott, G. Keith. Why servant leadership? emcc.ca: EvangelicalMissionary Church ol Canada, [vol. 2, no. 2] Fall 2002,2-3.

A paean to Paul Erdel. Excelpt reprinted in TaylorUniversity Magazine, Summer 2003, 10-11 (cf cover andp. 6), as "A. quiet strength: How the lile ofPaul Erdel '50has shaped those around him." Though better known as amissionary and churchman, Paul Erdel helped found andlead two tertiary schools and has taught lor at least eightinstitutions ofhigher education.

Emphasis!: Life and Faith in Our Times. 1967-1969. Ft. Wayneand Winona Lake, Ind.: Missionary Church Association.

Replaced The Missionary Worker as the denomina­tional magazine for the Missionary Church Association.Most articles on higher education relate to Fort WayneBible College or mission schools overseas.

Emphasis on Faith and Living. 1969-2003. Elkhart and Ft.Wayne, Ind.: Missionary Church, Inc.

The denominational periodical of the newly mergedMissionary Church, Inc. Covered Bethel College,Emmanuel Bible College, Fort Wayne Bible College /Summit Christian College, and Mountain View BibleCollege until the departure of the Canadian church(1987) and the merger of Summit Christian College withTaylor University (1992) left Bethel College as the loneaccredited institution of higher education in theMissionary Church, Inc. Additional articles oninstitutions overseas.

Engbrecht, Dennis D. 1985. The Americanization of a ruralimmigrant church: The General Conference Menno­nites in central Kansas, 1874-1939. Ph.D. diss.,University of Nebraska.

Includes references to the impact ofhigher educationon Mennonite immigrants and their tamilies.

____. 1990. The Americanization at a rural immigrantchurch: The General Conference Mennonites in centralKansas, 1874-1939. European Immigrants andAmerican Society: A Collection of Studies andDissertations, series eds. Timothy Walch and Edward R.Kantowicz. New York: Garland Publishing.

___. 2002. The surprising work of God. In College faith:150 Christian leaders and educators share faith storiestram their student days, 67-68. Edited by Ronald AlanKnott. Berrien Springs, Mich.: Andrews UniversityPress.

The vice president (1986-1992), then senior vicepresident (1992-) otBethel College has been a championof revival, renewal, and the spiritual revitalization of thecampus community.

Erdel, David Arthur. 1993. By all means: Teaching church leadersin Ecuador. World Partners, February-March, 4-5.

Theme issue: Theological education: Animportant missions strategy. Includes an article aboutDr. Dieum?!lne Noelliste: A widow, a rooster and the giftofeducation, 6.

Erdel, Paul Arthur. 1985. The development of the IglesiaMisionera in Ecuador. D.Miss. project, TrinityEvangelical Divinity School.

Includes the story of the Instituto [now SeminarioJBiblico del Pacifico.

Erdel, Timothy Paul. 1975. Pre-seminary education in a Biblecollege: Feasible, ideal, or inferior? Trinity Journal 4(Spring): 1-16.

Makes a case for a Bible college curriculum. Cf DavidWells, A reply, Trinity Journal 4 (Spring 1975): 17-20.

____. 1982a. "Bring also the books": Studies of ministers asreaders. Reformed Review 35 (Spring): 136-51.

Surveys empirical studies ofministerial reading andstudy patterns, suggesting, among other matters, they arestrongly correlated with levels ofeducation.

____J. 1982b. Missionary Church makes major impact onleading seminary. Emphasis on Faith and Living,December, 10.

Noted the roles ofMissionary Church members asstudents, staff, and faculty at Trinity Evangelical DivinitySchool.

____.1993. Taking advantage of tertiary accreditation: Newleverage for academic librarians in Jamaica. In JamaicaLibrary Association Bulletin: 1991-1992,32-36. Editedby Hyacinth Brown; with editorial assistance by BlossomMullings and Timothy Erdel. Kingston, Jamaica: JLA.

See also the earlier article from 1990, "Our mostvulnerable spot": Theological libraries and theologicallibrarianship in the Caribbean, in Quest: JamaicaTheological Seminary: 1960-1990: 30th Anniversary, 10,edited by Pauline Raymond (Kingston, Jamaica:Jamaica Theological Seminary Student Council).

____. 1996. Theological education and religious pluralism.BINAH (Kingston, Jamaica) 1: 34-50.

A case against religious pluralism as an ideologicalstance.

____. 2000. From the Colonial Christ and BabylonianCaptivity to Dread Jesus: Documenting world Christian­ity on a shoestring budget. In Summary ofproceedings:Fifty-fourth Annual Conference of the AmericanTheological Library Association: Graduate TheologicalUnion, Berkeley, California, June 21-24, 2000, 82-95.Edited by Margret Tacke Collins. Chicago, Ill.: AmericanTheological Library Association.

Among other matters, contrasts the central role ofthe West Indies Collection of the Zenas Gerig Library inKingston, Jamaica within the academic life of bothJamaica Theological Seminary and the Caribbean Grad­uate School ofTheology with the rather marginal roleplayed by special collections, including the MissionaryChurch Archives, at Bethel College, Mishawaka, Indiana.

____.2001. Bawa Salka, Jacob; Gerig, Zenas; MissionaryChurch, Inc.; Missionary Church Association; Ramseyer,Joseph E.; Sloat, L. Russell [with Paul Arthur ErdelJ;United Missionary Church. In Historical Dictionary ofthe Holiness Movement, edited by William C. Kostlevy;associate ed., Gari-Anne Patzwald. Historical Dictionar­ies of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements, no. 36.Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press.

____. 2003. Promoting healthy partnerships: Some prelimi­nary suggestions concerning international collaboration.Special Committee of the Association for InternationalCollaboration, Fifty-seventh Annual Meeting of theAmerican Theological Library Association, Portland,Oregon, 26 June.

Posted on the International Collaboration committeeweb site as an invited pre-conference paper. See http: I Iwww.atla.comlinternationaCcollab I website.html. Alsoforthcoming in the Journal of Religious & TheologicalInformation.

Everest, Malinda Mae Yoder. 1999. My first ninety years.Nappanee, Ind.: Evangel Press.

Autobiography of the wife of Quinton J. Everest, oneof the three founders ofBethel College. Tells of studentdays at Fort Wayne Bible Institute (65-73) as well asreferring several times to Bethel College.

Fuller, Lois. 1992. Preparing national missionaries. 1992. WorldPartners, October-November, 4.

The title of the article by Lois Fullel; Dean of the Ni­geria Evangelical Missionary Institute, was also the covertitle for a theme issue ofWorld Partners.

Fuller, James Clare. 2003. We trust God will own his Word: Aholiness-Mennonite mission in Nigeria, 1905-1978. Th.M.thesis, McMaster University Divinity College.

There was a notable United Missionary Societycommitment to educational institutions in Nigeria (atheological college, Bible institutes, a teacher trainingcollege, a nurses training school, and a Bible correspondence school), though this work focuses primarily on themission and on the emergence ofan indigenous church.The thesis is a goldmine of information difficult to locateelsewhere.

Gaddis, Vincent H., and Jasper Abraham Huffman. 1960. Thestory ofWinona Lake: A memory and a vision: Theremarkable story ofone of the world's largest Bible confer­ences; its environing institutions; its present personalities, and its future. Winona Lake: The Wesley PressAgency.

Includes an account of the Winona Lake School ofTheology, which operated under J. A. Huffman's leader­ship for decades. A collection of some 164 theses originallypresented for degrees at the Winona Lake School ofTheology and its successor, the Chicago Graduate SchoolofTheology, is housed in the Missionary Church Archivesat Bethel College, Mishawaka, Indiana, though they arealso available in microform from SchnappsburgUniversity Press.

Gangel, Kenneth O. 1969. A study of the evolution of collegeaccreditation criteria in the North Central Associationand its effect on Bible colleges. Ph.D. diss., University ofMissouri-Kansas City.

Case study focuses on Fort Wayne Bible College.

Geiger, Kenneth E., compo 1962. Insights into holiness: Discus­sions ofholiness by fifteen leading scholars of the Wesley­an persuasion. Kansas City, Mo.: Beacon Hill Press.

Kenneth Geiger helped establish the Wesleyan Theo­logical Society, and the three volumes he edited give someindication ofhis stature in that organization during itsearliest years. He also would serve on various boards ofhigher education, including those ofAsbury TheologicalSeminary, Bethel College, and Fort Wayne Bible College.He was, ofcourse, the first General Superintendent of theUnited Missionary Church (1955-1969), then the firstPresident of the Missionary Church, Inc. (1969-1981).

____. 1963. Further insights into holiness: Nineteen lead­ing Wesleyan scholars present various phases ofholinessthinhing. Kansas City, Mo.: Beacon Hill Press.

____.1965. The word and doctrine: Studies in contemporaryWesleyan-Arminian theology. Kansas City, Mo.: BeaconHill Press.

Genet, Harry. 1994. Caribbean church leader: Dieumeme Noel­liste, 1952- . In Ambassadors for Christ, edited by JohnD. Woodbridge, 141-144. Chicago: Moody Press.

Portrait ofa global leader in evangelical theologicaleducation.

Gerber, Wayne Jay. 1972. A study of academic freedom and ten­ure in selected small colleges. Ph.D. diss., The Universityof Michigan.

Joined the faculty ofBethel College in 1959 andserved for many years as Dean, first of the College, thenlater of the Adult College and the Graduate College.

____.2001. Huffman, Abraham. In Historical dic-tio/wry of the holiness rnovement, edited by William C.Kostlevy; associate ed., Gari-Anne Patzwald. HistoricalDictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements,no. 36. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press.

Gerhardt, Freda Pillon. 1981. Northwest District Missionarychurches: Historical shetch. [n.p.]: [by the author for theNorthwest District ofthe Missionary Churchl. Mimeo­graphed.

Mostly brief summaries olconference minutes, withsome references to Bible schools, institutes, or colleges.

Gerig, Jared F. 1980. "A vine ofGod's own planting": The story ofFort Wayne Bible College upon the commemoration of its75th anniversary, 1904-1979: A venture ollaith in biblicalhigher education. Fort Wayne, Ind.: Fort Wayne BibleCollege.

____.1993. Joseph Eicher Ramseyer: Saint and servant.Reflections 1 (Summer): 22-26.

___, and Mildred Gerig]. 1993. The Jared and MildredGerig story: (Plus Glory through suffering by P L. Eiche/~.

Compiled with John Gerig and Jeff Gerig. [Fort Wayne,Ind.l: [by the authors].

Jared F. Gerig served as Dean (1950-1952) ofPacificBible College, President of the Missionary Church Asso­ciation (1952-1958), Dean (1945-1950), President (1958­1971), and Chancellor (1971-1992) ofFort Wayne BibleCollege / Summit Christian College.

Gerig, Wesley. 2003. A famine that is frightening. MissionaryChurch Today, vol. 35, no. 4 [n.s., vol. 1, no. 2], Septem­ber/October, 4-5.

The great exegete from the fonner Missionary ChurchAssociation bemoans biblical illiteracy and the lach ofem­phasis on the intellect in worship. Important implicationslor all levels of Christian education.

Gerig, William D. 1974. A history ofthe development of theSierra Leone Missionary Church. M.A. thesis, TrinityEvangelical Divinity School.

Describes a variety ol vernacular Bible schools andSierra Leone Bible College.

Gerig, Zenas. 1954. A history and evaluation of the curriculumof Fort Wayne Bible College. S.T.B. thesis, The BiblicalSeminary in New York.

Providential preparation for subsequent curricularplanning in Jamaica.

____.1967. An analysis of selected aspects of Jamaicaculture with implications for adult education programsin the church. Ph.D. diss., Indiana University.

Careful exwnination of the context for theologicaleducation in Jamaica.

1989. Standards and procedures for accreditation:Post-secondary and graduate levels. 3d ed. Kingston,Jamaica: Caribbean Evangelical Theological AssociationAccrediting Commission.

Zenas Gerig's experience in the Caribbean wouldlead to global leadership with the International CouncilofAccrediting Agencies.

____.1990. Caribbean Evangelical Theological Associationhandbook. Kingston, Jamaica: CETA.

____. 1993. The story of Caribbean Evangelical TheologicalAssociation: 1973-1993. Kingston, Jamaica: CETA.

Among other matters, lists all papers given atevangelical consultations on theological education in theCaribbean from 1971 through 1993.

____. 2001. The story of Caribbean Evangelical TheologicalAssociation. Reflections 5 (Spring): 14-27.

A condensed revision and updating of the previousentry.

Good, Andrew. 1892. The education of ministers. The GospelBanner, vol. 15, no. 7, 1 April, 10-12.

The first salvo in a war over higher education fordenominational ministers is a negative one, though,according to the author, this is because theologicaleducation tends to be too narrow and dogmatic, while[personal] biblical learning is broader and leads tocommunion with God.

[The] Gospel Banner. 1878-1969. Goshen, Ind.; Berlin, On.;Cleveland,Oh.; Ind. and New Carlisle, Oh.;Pandora and New Carlisle, Oh.; Pandora, Oh. andElkhart, Ind.; Elkhart, Ind.: Mennonite Brethren inChrist/United Missionary Church.

Title varies. At different times there were multiplevariant editions, including a German edition, aCanadian edition, a Pennsylvania edition, and anedition designed for street distribution. Containshundreds ofarticles, notices, reports, editorials, andletters concerning Christian higher education, Christianphilosophy o{education, Christian colleges, Biblecolleges, theological seminaries, secular institutions o{higher education, the case for and against denomina­tional schools, college and university student lire, and thelike. The largest category o{entries would be pieces aboutspecific schools, including Asbury Theological Seminary,Berean Bethel School, Emmanuel Bible College, FortWayne Bible College and its predecessors, MountainView Bible College, Winona Lake School o{ Theology, andmission schools overseas. There is now a very thoroughGospel Banner Index compiled by Jason Garnaat avail­able either as a CD ROM or on-line. For a link, see theMissionary Church Archives web site at http: II www.bethelcollege.edu I acadb I library IArchives I home.htm.

Gribbin, Kathy. 2002. Undergraduate students' perceptions ofthe effects of facilitated and non-facilitated mentoring.Ph.D. diss., Trinity International University.

Case studies done at Bethel College, Mishawaka,Indiana.

Harrigan, Stephen M. 1985. A history of church growth amongthe Yalunka tribe of Sierra Leone (1951-1983). M.A.thesis, The Columbia Graduate School of Bible andMissions (Columbia, South Carolina).

See especially 59-65. The Yalunka were served byBagbe Bible Institute IKoinadugu Bible Training Schooland by Theological Education by Extension.

Henry, Claire Pamela. 1988. The Bible college as an adulteducation institution: The case of Jamaica TheologicalSeminary. Ph.D. diss., Michigan State University.

--------------------

L ' and Timothy Paul Erdel]. 1991. Partnership intheological education. The Joint Committee on TertiaryEducation: Partnership in Education 1 (November): 24,26.

Hoatson, Grant C. 1978. The effects of training in rapid readingon the comprehension oftime-compressed speech. Ed.D.diss., Indiana University.

HoSang, David, and Roger Ringenberg. 1983. Towards anevangelical Caribbean theology. Evangelical Review ofTheology 7 (April): 132-146.

Important implications for evangelical theologicaleducation in the Caribbean.

Hossler, Elizabeth A., ed. 1997. Bethel College, Indiana: Insti­tutional self-study report: July, 1997. With Norman V.Bridges, Michael L. Holtgren, Maralee S. Crandon, andothers. Presented to North Central Association of Col­leges and Schools, Commission on Institutions of HigherEducation, Chicago, Illinois. Mishawaka, Ind.: BethelCollege.

Celebrates the "Miracle on McKinley Avenue" atBethel College under the administration ofNorman VBridges. Beyond the school reports for regional accredi­tation, divisions such as education and nursing mustproduce a steady stream ofdocuments for state licensingand national professional accreditation.

Huffman, Jasper Abraham. 1927. A bit of wise counsel concern­ing the schooling of our young people. Gospel Banner,vol. 50, no. 17, 1 December, (3), 739.

Perhaps the best known piece among many (by Huff­man and others) urging the creation of a MennoniteBrethren in Christ liberal arts college, what some twentyyears later was finally born as Bethel College. Containsthe following observation. "The day has arrived, howev­er; when young people of the M.B. C. church are insistingupon higher education, and the parents are slowly butcertainly awakening to the fact that, provided the M.B. C.church is to have a future, we must allow our youngpeople the necessary training for the sacred callings, andthe legitimate professions of life. " Warns of the system­atic loss of talented young people if the denominationdoes not act.

____. 1955. The proposed merger: A frank statement. Wi­nona Lake, Ind.: Westminster Press.

A stunningly prescient discussion of the central prob­lem concerning the proposed merger between the UnitedMissionary Church and the Missionary Church Associa­tion, namely, the fundamental difference in philosophyofhigher education between the two churches, whichexisted even before the founding ofBethel College. Thatis, the M.C.A was wholly and strictly committed to aBible college philosophy ofeducation, while the U.M. C.was equally committed to a Christian liberal arts collegeapproach. On the more practical level, it was not clearthat the new denomination would be able to support twoschools in such close proximity. [Huffman also worriedabout the presence of Calvinists in the M. C.A, especiallyin light of the forty year struggle with the PennsylvaniaConference of the M.B. C. before Pennsylvania finallybroke offand went its own way.] A cautious proponentof the merger a generation or so earliel; Huffman had bythis time changed his mind due to what he thought werenew circumstances. When the M.B. C. vote was takenin February 1959, it failed to reach the necessary two­thirds majority by one vote! A decade latel; after mergernegotiations were reopened, the proposal met with amore favorable response by the U.M. C.

____. 1968. Seventy years with pen, pointer and pulpit:Memoirs ofJasper Abraham Huffman. Elkhart, Ind.:Bethel Publishing Co.

Autobiographical memoirs by the grand old manofhigher education from the Mennonite Brethren inChrist / United Missionary Church.

____, ed.-in-chief. 1920. History of the Mennonite Brethren inChrist Church. New Carlisle, Oh.: Bethel Publishing Co.

See especially chapter sixteen, Education, 214-221.

Huffman, Lambert. 1951. Not of this world. [Canton, Oh.]: [bythe author].

Biography ofJ. A Huffman by his one son who didnot enter the Christian ministry.

Hyndman, William J. 1992. The influences at work on the OldMennonite Church which caused the various groupsof the Missionary Church to come into existence. M.A.thesis, Asbury Theological Seminary.

Other than a passing reference to Bethany BibleInstitute, virtually omits any reference to higher educa­tion, itselfa telling commentary on the formation of theMissionary Church.

Jamaica Theological Seminary and Caribbean Graduate Schoolof Theology. [2002]. Training servants for the Kingdomof God, Kingston, Jamaica: Jamaica TheologicalSeminary / Caribbean Graduate School of Theology.Kingston, Jamaica: JTS/CGST. Videocassette.

Kessler, D. David. 2003. Jasper Abraham Huffman: The manwhose impact built bridges. M.A. thesis, IndianaWesleyan University.

Lageer, Eileen. 1979. Merging streams: Story of the MissionaryChurch. Sketches by Leah Gillard. Elkhart, Ind.: BethelPublishing Co.

See especially chapter ten, Away from the shallows,127-165, with overviews ofFort Wayne Bible College,Mountain View Bible College, Emmanuel Bible College,and Bethel College.

____. 1980. The establishment and development oftheMissionary Church in Nigeria. M.A. thesis, GraceTheological Seminary.

____.2004. Common bonds: The story of the EvangelicalMissionary Church of Canada. Edited by Elaine Brownand James McDowell. Illustrated by Kim Brander.With a Foreword by Mark Bolender and an Appendixon A theological history of the Evangelical MissionaryChurch by Edward Oke. Calgary, AB: EvangelicalMissionary Church of Canada.

Includes the stories ofRocky Mountain College andits predecessors, Mountain View Bible College andHillcrest Christian College, and ofEmmanuel BibleCollege.

Linhart, Terence David. 2003. The curricular nature of youthgroup short-term cross-cultural service projects. Ph.D.diss., Purdue University.

Contains fascinating insights not only for youthministry, but for other service oriented learning projectssuch as those carried out in the Bethel College TashForce programs.

Luesing, Lois. 1965. Church historical collections in liberal artscolleges. M.A. thesis, Indiana University.

Lugibihl, Walter H., and Jared F. Gerig. 1950. The MissionaryChurch Association: Historical account of its develop­ment. Berne, Ind.: Economy Printing Concern.

See especially chapters four through six: BethanyHome and Bible Institute, 33-39, The founding of theFort Wayne Bible Institute, 40-55, and The growth andprogress ofFort Wayne Bible Institute, 56-74.

Maki, Jason James. 2001. Identity, role conflict, and role en­gulfment among male and female student-athletes: Acomparative case study of collegiate basketball play­ers at Christian college. M.A. thesis, The University ofNotre Dame.

Case study done at Bethel College, Mishawaha,Indiana.

Malick, Bill. 2001. Reflections on the conception and birth of theChurch Multiplication Training Center. Reflections 5(Spring): 28-32.

The C.M. T C. has transformed patterns of churchplanting across North America for dozens ofdenomina­tions.

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McKenna, David L. 1987. A report on the study of Christianeducation in the Missionary Church. [Wilmore, Ky.: bythe author for the Missionary Church, Inc., Fort Wayne,Indiana.] Printout (photocopied).

Though covering all aspects of Christian educationin the Missionary Church, this report is clearly drivenby the growing concerns about and on-going tensionsbetween Bethel College and Fort Wayne Bible College.According to a denominational survey, FWBC was seenas better fulfilling the Mission Statement of theMissionary Church and as having a better spiritualclimate at that time, but Bethel College was seen as morecompatible with the doctrines of the Missionary Churchand as better suited to prepare persons preparing forprofessions other than ministry. FWBC alumni weresomewhat more loyal, and even rather partisan. Neithercollege received adequate support from the denomina­tion. The denomination was also sharply divided overtwo issues: whether they should have one college or two,and ifjust one, whether it should be a Bible college or aliberal arts college. Both schools performed their teach­ing mission much better than their funding or theiracademic reputations might suggest, but a growingnumber ofMissionary Church young people were goingto other Christian colleges. The final recommendationincluded sponsoring just one college, which would be anewly established one, and that it be a liberal artscollege with a strong Biblical studies program.

Missionary Banner. 1938-1969. New Carlisle, Oh.; WinonaLake, Ind.; Pandora and Springfield, Oh.; Elkhart, Ind.:United Missionary Society of the Mennonite Brethren inChristlUnited Missionary Church.

United Missionary Society missions magazine.Occasional reports on tertiary education overseas, suchas the development of the United Missionary Church ofAfrica Theological College in !lorin, Nigeria.

Missionary Church Today. 2003- . Ft. Wayne, Ind.: MissionaryChurch, Inc.

Continues Emphasis on Faith and Living. Numbervaries from vol. 1, no. 1 [first issue], to vol. 35 no. 4[second issue, reverting to the numbering for the oldtitle]' The second issue had as its theme, "Life, learning,& education."

The Missionary Wor!?er. 1904-1967. Berne and Ft. Wayne, Ind.:Missionary Church Association.

During the early years there was a parallel magazinein German. The denorninational periodical of theMissionary Church Association. Many articles are relatedto Fort Wayne Bible College or its predecessors, and someto institutions overseas.

Noelliste, Dieumeme E. 1987. The church and human emanci­pation: A critical comparison of liberation theology andthe Latin American Theological Fraternity. Ph.D. diss.,Northwestern University.

Set the tone and boundaries for evangelical theologi­cal education across Latin America and the Caribbeanand catapulted the author into the front ran!? oftheologi­cal educators.

____.1993. Toward a theology of theological education.Outreach and Identity: Evangelical TheologicalMonographs, ed. Bong Rin Ro, no. 10. Seoul, Korea:World Evangelical Theological Commission.

Nolt, Steve. 1996. An evangelical encounter: Mennonites and theBiblical Seminary in New York. The Mennonite QuarterlyReview 70 (October): 389-417.

Article describes patterns among Mennonites thathave stri!?ing parallels in the experiences ofpersons fromthe Missionary Church or its predecessors at the Bibli­cal Seminary in New Yor!?, including Robert A. Behn!?en,Zenas Gerig, and Timothy M. Warner.

Nussbaum, Stan W. [1980]. You must be born again: A history ofthe Evangelical Mennonite Church. With a Foreword byAndrew M. Rupp. [Fort Wayne, Ind.]: [EvangelicalMennonite Church].

The dilemmas ofa small denornination (a sister to theMissionary Church Association) without its own programof higher education are all too evident in this history.The doctrinal influences were rather varied and clearlyshifting, for although Taylor University and Fort WayneBible College were the two overriding choices for ordinarychurch members, denominational ministers were selectedfront surprisingly diverse educational bac!?grounds.

Oke, Lome. 2003. Planning for information technology in thesmall college. Ed.D. diss., Indiana University.

Our [Bi-]Monthly Letter. 1914-1938. Kitchener, On.; Cleveland,Oh.: United Orphanage and Mission/United MissionarySociety.

Title varies. Missions newsletter focusing on theMennonite Brethren in Christ missionary worh with Ar­merLian refugees, at first in Turhey, then in Cyprus, thenin Syria and throughout the Middle East. A theologicalschool ultimately served the Spiritual Brotherhood, asthe church body was called. The newsletter then mergedwith The Missionary Banner.

Palmer, D. Vincent. 2002. Tribute to the Gerigs: A sequel. Carib­bean Journal ofEvangelical Theology 6 (June): 73-84.

See also above, Allen 1999.

Pannabecker, Willard Jacob. 1969. Perceptions of selected Uni­versity of Texas seniors regarding their collegiate expe­rience. M.A. thesis, The University of Texas at Austin.

Pannell, William E. 1968. My friend, the enemy. Waco, Tex.:Word Books.

Presents a telling account of his time as an under­graduate student at Fort Wayne Bible College, includingthe racial challenges he encountered there.

Ramseyer, Joseph E. 1948. Dwell deep: A series ofdevotionalmessages on the deeper Christian life. Compiled andedited with a Biographical Introduction by Safara A.Witmer. Fort Wayne, Ind.: Bible Truth Publishers.

Ramseyer, Macy Garth. 1945. Joseph E. Ramseyer: "Yet speah­ing." Fort Wayne, Ind.: Fort Wayne Bible Institute.

Ringenberg, Roger. 1982. Caribbean theology: An evaluationfrom an evangelical perspective. Th.M. thesis, GraceTheological Seminary.

Among the first of several worhs that would reshapethe theological focus of the evangelical theological educa­tion in the Caribbean.

____. 1992. A history of Jamaica Theological Seminary:1960-1992. D.Miss. project, Trinity Evangelical DivinitySchool.

Also includes the history of the Caribbean GraduateSchool of Theology, a school that shares the same cam­pus.

Ringenberg, William C. 1970. The Protestant college on theMichigan frontier. Ph.D. diss., Michigan State University.

___.1980. A brief history of Fort Wayne Bible College. TheMennonite Quarterly Review 54 (April): 135-55.

A superb, insightful overview.

____. 1984. The Christian college: A history ofProtestanthigher education in Anwrica. Grand Rapids, Mich.:Christian University Press with Eerdmans PublishingCo.

____. 1996. Taylor University: The first 150 years. With aForeword by Jay Kesler. Grand Rapids, Mich.: EerdmansPublishing Co.; Upland, Ind.: Taylor University Press.

Includes a summary history of Fort Wayne BibleCollege.

____. 2001. Witmer, Safara A. In Historical dictionary ofthe holiness movement, edited by William C. Kostlevy;associate ed., Gari-Anne Patzwald. Historical Dictionar­ies of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements, no. 36.Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press.

Biographical entry on the great educator of the Mis­sio/wry Church Association.

Robinson, Kenneth L. 1971. From brass to gold: The life andministry ofDr. D. Willia Caffray. University Park, Ia.:Vennard College.

Kenneth Robinson, a long-time professor at BethelCollege, writes about the famous Methodist travelingevangelist who was also a strong supporter of ChicagoEvangelistic Institute / John Fletcher UniversityKletz­ing College / Vennard College, and a close friend of thefounding president of C.E.I., Dr. Iva Durham Vennard.Vennard College was for years a school of choice formany in the Midwest Conference. Dr. Caffray was also abeloved speaker at Bethel College during its early years.

Runyon, Paul Warren. 2001. The preparation of cross-culturalmissionaries: An active participant perspective. Ph.D.diss., Concordia Theological Seminary.

The most extensive study ever done of the preparationofmissionaries in the Missionary Church, especially ofthe missionaries own felt needs for further education.

Sarkar, Pronoy , with Eileen Lageer. 1993. Missionary Church inIndia. Fort Wayne, Ind.: World Partners. Pamphlet.

Mentions in passing the work ofBengali BibleInstitute (residential) and Calcutta Bible Institute(correspondence).

Schmidt, David E. 2001. Review of Taylor University: The first150 years, by William C. Ringenberg. In Reflections 5(Spring): 36-38.

Schultz, Bernice Eileen. 1975. A survey of policies and practicesof colleges and state departments of education relatingto classroom teaching experiences of teacher educators.Ed.D. diss., Wayne State University.

Schultz, D. Y. 1904. The Bible institute home. The MissionaryWorker, vol. 1, no. 1, 1 September, 9-10.

The very first issue of the English organ of theMissionary Church Association features a report on anda fund raising appeal for the new Bible institute in FortWayne.

Shelly, Harold P. 1992. The Bible Fellowship Church: FormerlyMennonite Brethren in Christ, Pennsylvania Conference:Originally dis Evangelische Mennoniten Gemeinschaftvon Ost-Pensyvanien. With a Foreword by John L. Ruth.Bethlehem, Penn.: The Historical Committee, BibleFellowship Church.

Mentions Berean Bible School, which becamePinebrook Junior College, an institution of thePennsylvania Conference of the M.B.C., then of theBible Fellowship Church.

Steele, Harold E. 1981. Historical bachground of the MissionaryChurch and a history of the Ohio District. Fort Wayne,Ind.: Missionary Church for the Historical Committee,Ohio District of the Missionary Church.

In this otherwise excellent Ohio District history,higher education is covered in just one briefparagraphabout Bethel College on page 91.

Storms, Everek Richard. 1947. The history ofthe MennoniteBrethren in Christ Church in Nigeria. M.A. thesis,Winona Lake School of Theology, Winona Lake, Indiana.

Mentions Igbetti Bible School and a teacher trainingcollege at Igbetti, then Jebba.

___. [1948]. What God hath wrought: The story of the foreignmissionary efforts of the United Missionary Church. Withan Introduction by R. P. Ditmer. Springfield, Oh.: TheUnited Missionary Society.

Expands on 1947 WLST thesis to survey other fieldsas well. Occasional mention of tertiary institutions.

____.1958. History of the United Missionary Church.Elkhart, Ind.: Bethel Publishing Co.

See especially chapter twenty-one, Christianeducation, 193-207.

Reflections: A Publication of the Missionary Church HistoricalSociety. 1993- . Mishawaka, Ind.: Missionary ChurchHistorical Society.

The present issue in which this bibliography appearsis the first theme issue on higher education.

Studebaker, Richard F. 1998. The concept of mind in the sermonsof John Wesley. Ph.D. diss., Trinity Evangelical DivinitySchool.

See especially the discussion of Wesley's philosophy ofeducation, 125-152 and 304-342.

____. 2004. Forming a Christian worldview: Christianeducation in the theological strategy of John Wesley.Paper presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of theMidwest Regional Evangelical Theological Society,Lincoln College and Seminary, Lincoln, Illinois,19 March. Printout (photocopied).

Stump, James. 1999- . Column. [Stump speech(es)]. The BethelBeacon, vol. 52- , no. 7- , 27 April- .

An occasional column (though not all pieces carry thecolumn heading as part of their title), often either a moviereview or an essay on some aspect ofhigher education,especially at Bethel College. James Stump, Interim Deanfor Arts & Sciences (2003-2004) and now Vice Presidentfor Academic Services (2004- ), has also given a series ofspeeches about higher education in various contexts, themanuscripts of which may yet be published.

Summit Christian College. [1992?]. Fort Wayne Bible Collegehistoric films: It's worth it: Promotional film, 1978; VineofGod's own planting: 50th anniversary film, 1955;Bridgebuilders: Jake Schierling story, 1955. Fort Wayne,Ind.: Summit Christian College. Videocassette.

The first film is a briefcollege promotional piece, thesecond an extended address by S. A. Witmer, the third afairly remarkable feature film about the life ofJakeSchierling (played by himself) a California football staT;Fort Wayne Bible College alumnus, and MissionaryChurch Association missionary to Sierra Leone.

SwaIm, Noah, and SwaIm, Olive. 1965. History of the UnitedMissionary Church Canadian Northwest District, 1894to 1962. Calgary, AB: Canadian Northwest Distrist of theUnited Missionary Church.

See especially chapter eleven, Christian education,111-115, including a briefsection on Mountain View BibleCollege by Gladys Eby.

Taylor, Stanley Maurice. 1960. A comparison of the selectionpractices of certain teacher education institutions onstandard accreditation and on annual accreditation inIndiana. Ed.D. diss., Indiana University.

Stanley TaylOl; who was on the founding faculty ofBethel College in 1947, and who has been more or lesscontinuously on its payroll since then, plans to retire yetagain on 15 October 2004, having served under the firstseven presidents of the College.

Taylor University/Summit Christian College Task Force onMerger. 1992. A proposal for merger-acquisition ofSummit Christian College: The report of the Task Forcefor Taylor/Summit Merger. Prepared for TaylorUniversity Board of Trustees, January 17, 1992. [Uplandand Fort Wayne, Ind.: Taylor University/SummitChristian College]. Printout (photocopied).

Traub, Alvin. 1952. A short history of the Canadian North WestConference of the United Missionary Church, 1920-1950.Paper prepared llApril by the author, [Didsbury,Alberta]. Typewritten.

Tells of the early history ofMountain View BibleSchool/College, of which Alvin Traub was the foundingPresident (1920/1926-1944). In 1992 Mountain ViewBible College merged with Hillcrest Christian Collegeto become Rochy Mountain College in Calgary, Alberta.The school serves the Evangelical Missionary Church ofCanada.

Warner, Timothy M. 1967. A study of the place of generaleducation in the Bible college curriculum. Ed.D. diss.,Indiana University.

Timothy Warner would become the Dean (1968 -1971)and then the fifth President (1971-1980) ofFort WayneBible College.

___. [1968]. The place ofgeneral education in the Biblecollege curriculum. Wheaton, Ill.: Accrediting Associationof Bible Colleges.

L J. 1969. An educational philosophy for the MissionaryChurch. Position paper adopted by the 1969 MergingConference of the Missionary Church and published asa supplement in subsequent editions of the Constitutionof the Missionary Church. Fort Wayne, Ind.: MissionaryChurch, Inc.

Slanted toward a Bible college philosophy ofeduca­tion. Revised in 1991 (see Beals 1991 above).

Wendt, Vernon Earl, Jr. 2000. The application of the Christianfaith by small college Christian American athletes withinthe sport of basketball. D.Miss. diss., Concordia Theologi­cal Seminary.

Bethel College, Mishawaha, Indiana was one of ten711f':.-1_ .. __ J.. 1':1_~ •.• _.7 _.••.J..~ ~~77~ .....~~ ~'.~ J..7~~ ~~~~ ~.J. •• .;]~.

Witmer, Safara A. 1937. The soul and the new psychology. M.A.thesis, Winona Lake School of Theology. Typewritten.

An early evangelical attempt to critically assimilatepsychological insights from Sigmund Freud, Carl G.Jung, Alfred Adlel; William James, and others into aChristian theological anthropology. Suggests an interest­ing openness to insights from secular disciplines,especially for one from a Bible school/institute back­ground. Safara Witmer was the Dean (1935-1943), thenbecame the President ofFort Wayne Bible Institute /College (1945-1957).

____. 1951a. An evaluation of professional accreditingagencies. Ph.D. diss., The University of Chicago.

Evidence ofa powerful educational mind at work

____. 1951b. A new form ofAmerican education. In Christianeducation in a democracy: The report of the Committee ofthe National Association ofEvangelicals, 157-181. Editedby Frank E. Gaebelein. New York: Oxford UniversityPress.

___. 1954. Bible College education. School and Society 80(16 October): 113-116.

____. 1960. Report on preparation of missionaries in Bibleinstitutes and Bible Colleges. Fort Wayne, Ind.: Accredit­ing Association of Bible Colleges. Mimeographed.

Report done in cooperation with Mission Executivesfrom the Evangelical Foreign Missions Association, theNorth American Association ofBible Institutes and BibleColleges, the Accrediting Association ofBible Colleges,and the Workshop on Curricula by Teachers ofMission.

____. 1962. The Bible college story: Education with dimen­sion. With a Preface by Merrill C. Tenney. Manhasset,N.Y.: Channel Press.

The great apology for the Bible college movement.Bears comparison with the classics of Christian highereducation, from Cassiodorus to John Henry CardinalNewman.

____. 1970. S. A. Witmer: Beloved educator. Edited with abrief Story of his life by Timothy M. Warner. With aForeword by John Mostert. Wheaton, Ill.: AccreditingAssociation of Bible Colleges.

S. A. Witnlel; "Mr. Bible College," was ExecutiveSecretary of the American Association ofBible Collegesfrom its founding in 1958 until his death in 1962.

World Partners. 1992-1996. Ft. Wayne, Ind.: World Partners ofthe Missionary Church, Inc.

Included theme issues on Preparing nationalmissionaries (October-November 1992), and on Theologi­cal education: An important missions strategy(February-March 1993).

Young, Murray Arnold. 1974. The philosophy of ministry of theMissionary Church, arrived at inductively. M.A.R. thesis,Asbury Theological Seminary.

Based on a survey ofpastors in the MissionaryChurch, at least two of the author's concluding recommen­dations questioned educational patterns and attitudestoward higher education in the denomination.

Timothy Paul Erdel, B.A. (Fort Wayne Bible College), M.Div.,A.M., Th.M., M.A., Ph.D. is associate professor of Religion andPhilosophy, archivist and theological librarian at Bethel College,Mishawaka, Indiana.