relevance of lisbon agenda and education for western balkans countries

RELEVANCE OF LISBON AGENDA AND EDUCATION

FOR WESTERN BALKANS COUNTRIES

Višnja Samardžija, PhDInstitute for International Relations

Zagreb, 2007.

Content of presentationContent of presentation

The revised Lisbon Strategy Goals, priorities, achievmentsInstruments and activities

Education goals of LisbonHow are the WB countries prepared to approach Lisbon strategy goals?

Strategic documentsInstitutional aspectsImplementing mechanismsBenchmarking

IMOIMOIMO Dr. Višnja Samardžija, Institut za međunarodne odnoseLjudevita Farkaša Vukotinovića 2, 10 000 Zagreb, e-mail: [email protected]

The Lisbon Strategy – starting The Lisbon Strategy – starting pointspoints

The Lisbon goals Lisbon European Council, 2000 – “to become the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world by 2010, capable of sustainable economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion”

The redefined Lisbon strategy“Working together for growth and jobs – A new start for the Lisbon Strategy” (March 2005)


Priorities – revised LisbonPriorities – revised Lisbon

Dr. Višnja Samardžija, Institut za međunarodne odnoseLjudevita Farkaša Vukotinovića 2, 10 000 Zagreb, e-mail: [email protected]

1. Making Europe a more attractive place to invest and work

1. Extend and deepen the internal market

2. Ensure open and competitive markets inside and outside Europe

3. Improve European and national regulation

4. Expand and improve European infrastructure

2. Knowledge and innovations as driwing forces of growth

5. Increase and improve investment in Research and Development

6. Facilitate innovation, the uptake of ICT and the sustainable use of resources

7. Contribute to a strong European industrial base

3. Creating more and better jobs

8. Attract more people into employment and modernise social protection systems

9. Improve the adaptability of workers and enterprises and the flexibility of labour markets

10. Invest more in human capital through better education and skills.

Lisbon: priority areas for actionLisbon: priority areas for action

European Spring Council, 2006European Spring Council, 2006Investing more in knowledge and innovationUnlocking business potential, especially of SMEsGetting people into workEfficient, secure and sustainable energy


1.1. Investing more in knowledge and innovation

• Promote polices and actions aiming to achiev 3% objective for R&D spending by 2010

• Adopt FP7 and CIP Programme• Establish European Research Council aimed at raising excellence

of the best research teams• Create single, competitive and open European labour market for

researchers• Develop a broad-based information strategy for Europe that

translates investment in knowledge into products and services• Develop a comprehensive Lifelong Learning strategies (MS) and

EU Lifelong Learning Programme 2007-2013• Facilitate universities’ access to complementary sources of

funding• Develop managerial skill and competencies for the people

involved to transfer the research results to business community


2. 2. Unlocking business potential, especially of SMEs

Develop national strategies to foster competitiveness, innovation and productivity

Explore options for establishing measurable targets in specific sectors for reducing administrative burdens by 2006

Establish by the end of 2007 a “one-stop-shop” or arrangements with equivalent effect

Reduce the average time for setting up a business, especially an SME, with objective of being able to do this within one week anywhere in the EU by the end of 2007

recruitment of a first employee should not involve more than one public administration point.


33.. Getting people into work

Reduce unemployment, adopt a real lifecycle approach to employment by: reducing early school leaving for 10% by 2010; 85% of 22 years old should have completed upper secondary education; offering job to every young person who has left school / university or

additional training within six months of becoming unemployed by the end of 2007, and within 4 months by 2010;

implementing policies to promote women’s employment; approved the European Pact for Gender Equality;

increasing availability of quality childcare in line with MS’ own national targets; implementing active ageing strategies, incentives for prolonging working lives,

gradual retirement, use of part-time work and improvements to the working environment;

pursuing reforms by MSs in labour market and social policies; establishing the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund (1 January 2007)


Obligations of the EU and Obligations of the EU and member statesmember states

EUEU• Community Lisbon ProgrammeCommunity Lisbon Programme• New Integrated guidelines for growth and New Integrated guidelines for growth and

employmentemployment• Annual Progress reportAnnual Progress report• Coordination of implementationCoordination of implementation

Member statesMember states• National Reform Programmes (NRPs)• National Lisbon coordinators• Implementation!!!


Stronger implementing Stronger implementing mechanisms?mechanisms?

Integrated guidelines for growth and employmentMacroeconomicMicroeconomic Employment guidelines

Open method of coordination (OMC)Soft approach - evaluation, monitoring, reportingExchange of best practice instruments Peer reviewsQuantitative and qualitative indicators

benchmarks, scoreboardsProcess of mutual learning aiming to develop coherent policies Competitiveness reports, or composite indicators on knowledge society in areas such as R&D and human capital


The framework of indicators and The framework of indicators and benhmarks for monitoringbenhmarks for monitoring

Improving quality of education and training

Promoting efficiency in education and training

Making lifelong learnig a reality

Key competences among young people

Modernising school education, vocational education and training

Modernising higher education (Bologna process)

Employability !!!


Convergence towards common EU Convergence towards common EU goalsgoals

Strategy

Policy

Action Plan

CapacityLegal framework

Human capital

Physical capital• Equipment/infrastr.• expenditure

Commitment to reformsAdopting Lisbon instrumentsMeasures, deadlines, implementing bodies

Social dialogue, partnershipImplementation!

Lisbon strategy and candidatesLisbon strategy and candidates

Barcelona Summit (2002)Lisbon Strategy – incentive for candidates to implement objectives as a two-way learning process

Western BalkansLisbon objectives do not constitute additional criteria

...but, Lisbon objectives reflected in EU policies towards region in areas that can be considered priorities under European/Accession Partnerships

Lisbon strategy priorities should be differently interpreted by each country (considering level of development, individual stage of rapprochement to EU)Implemenation of Lisbon goals complementary to fulfilment of Copenhagen criteria


Implementation of revised Lisbon Implementation of revised Lisbon strategy ... and candidatesstrategy ... and candidates


European Commission +European CouncilEur. ParliamentEESCComm.of RegionsSoc. partners

Member States (25)

REVISED LISBONSTRATEGY +

Candidate countries...

WB countries

Lisbon objectives are not additional EU criteria!

But...EU policies towards WB region

reflect Lisbon activities that can be considered as priorities under

European/Accession Partnerships

Implemenating Lisbon goals - complementary to fulfilling Copenhagen criteria

Croatia – (towards) implementing Croatia – (towards) implementing Lisbon goalsLisbon goals

Croatia does not have a coherent Lisbon Action PlanSome of the aims and activities leading to it’s implementation introduced in different strategic documents

Strategic Development Framework (2006-13) adoptedNational Programme for Integration into EU (anually)Science and Technology Policy 2006-1055 Recommendations for Raising Croatia’s CompetitivenessProgramme of Incentives for SME (2004-08) + Operative plan (2006)Croatian Programme for Innovative Technological DevelopmentNational Strategy for Development of Intellectual Property (2005-10)... other

Existing documents cover only partly Lisbon agendaNeed for development operational action plan/plans for implementing Lisbon goals

targets, instruments, dealines, responsibilities


BenchmarksBenchmarks

Indicators only partly registered by national statistics bureausNeed to further develop system of collecting and monitoring qualitative and quantitative indicators Example:

Innovation benchmark - rather weak and underdeveloped area, lack of resources (financial support, man-power, premises)Activities in progress: preparations for participation in EU benchmark programmes and system of monitoring indicators (EU benchmark programmes for innovation)Support from the PHARE programme


Ranking and Scores Ranking and Scores of Potential EU Member Countiresof Potential EU Member Countires

Source: World Economic Forum. The Lisbon Review 2006. Measuring Europe’s Progress in Reform.

R&D: investing more in R&D: investing more in knowledge and innovationknowledge and innovation

Need to increase the overall R&D investment (EU goal 3% of GDP by 2010, of which 2/3 from private sector)

Developing Action Plan for increasing R&D expenditureidentify R&D targeted level of expenditure for R&D (eg. Croatia 2% in 2010, share 1:1)develop overall strategy to achieve targets, coordinated measures, actions, monitoring mechanisms

Expenditure on R&D low:Croatia: 1,28% of GDP (EU average 1.9%)targeted share public/private sector 1:2

Need to participate in the OMC in favor of the 3% objective (CREST)Innovation - positive (but limited) results achieved

HITRA, Croatian Programme for Innovative Technological Developmentshould be coordinated with measures involving all the components of the National Innovation System (NIS)


Completion of upper secondary education

% of population (20-24) that have completed education

European Benchmark 85%

Source: Eurostat (Labour Force Survey)“Progress towards the Lisbon Objectives in Education and Training”Report 2006, 16.05.2006.

Number of tertiary graduates in MST (mathematics and technical studies) per 1000 inhabitants, aged 20-29

European Benchmark ↑ 15%(Ireland, France, UK)

Source: Eurostat“Progress towards the Lisbon Objectives in Education and Training”Report 2006, 16.05.2006.

Croatia 5,4

Total public expenditure on education (% GDP, 2000 - 2002)

Izvor: Eurostat“Progress towards the Lisbon Objectives in Education and Training”Report 2006, 16.05.2006 Croatia:

Present expenditure 4.4%Target 4.9%

Expenditure for education from private sources(%GDP, 2000 - 2002)


Expenditure in education Expenditure in education sector - WB countriessector - WB countries

Education sector in WB countries reflects handicap of small economies in achieving economies of scaleSmallest economies have the highest levels of expenditure in education (Kosovo 5.7% of GDP, Montenegro 5%, others 3%)

the trend is revised when considering results attainded!

Enrolment ratios – all WB countries present similar level in primary and secondary enrolment ration, the largest countries show the highest level in tertiary education (50% Serbia, 13.6 Montenegro, Croatia)


All enrolments in higher education, independent of age, as a percentage of 20-24 year old in population

(Poland, Baltics, Slovenia – strongest growth)

Izvor: Eurostat“Progress towards the Lisbon Objectives in Education and Training”Report 2006, 16.05.2006

Participation in vocational stream of upper secondary education,(% of pupils in upper secondary education enrolled in vocational

stream)


Strengthening competitiveness: Strengthening competitiveness: unlocking business potential (SMEs)unlocking business potential (SMEs)

Example of CROATIAIntroducing “one-stop-shop” concept”

HITRO.HR serviceshortening the duration procedure of establishing a company (six days)

HITRORezWeb page: Business Navigator (June 2006)Competitiveness barometer (NCC, 2006)


Business Navigator, Croatia

http://www.business-navigator.biz/registracija/Registracija_novog_korisnika/?&l_over=1

Global competitiveness index Global competitiveness index

• Global Competitiveness Report (GCR)• Croatia included in 2002

– International Economic Forum• Davos + NVK

– benchmarking • Comparison with 104 world countries

– Position of Croatia, GCR 2006/07• ↑ competitiveness growth index 51/104 (64 in 2005, behind

new MS, but better than Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey)

• ↑ business competitiveness index: 56 instead of 65

– Imperative: to increase competitiveness!


Lessons for WB countriesLessons for WB countries

Lisbon strategy is not obligatory for candidatevoluntary adoption of good practice

Identification of own priorities: respecting national and regional differences, defining specific, individual goals

Negotiations on EU membershipprioritisation of the Lisbon strategy goals in defferent area (R&D)participation in implementig mechanism (OMC)

Adopting best practice of new MS (National Reform Programmes)Croatia best positioned as compared with EU candidates

transfer the knowledge to WBc


ConclusionsConclusions

Lisbon strategy goals remain the main reform framework for EU, relevant for WBcRaising awareness and understanding on Lisbon goals and implementation mechanisms during accession process necessaryPrioritisation and seequencing goals according individual situation and needsDevelopment of the system of collecting and monitoring qualitative and quantitative indicators necessary, corresponding to structural indicators (EUROSTAT)Adopting best practice Lisbon Action Plans not dseveloped in the region,

mix of policies exist that work in the same direction. But, they are neither fully coherent nor coordinated

Imited progress made, stronger efforts needed


relevance of lisbon agenda and education for western balkans countries

Documents

relevance of lisbon

european infrastructure2

open european labour

better education

competitive markets

smesgetting people

research results

business community2