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Introduction

Speaker1 Harald Heinrici

/2%$ 3aster degree in !echanical engineering,

4ech. )ni*ersit Braunschweig

/2%$ 5 '&&& Schenck 6rocess !bH,

#eighing and feeding e7uip!ent

Head of R8D !echanical sste!s

Since '&&/ Schwedes + Schulze Schüttguttechnik !bH

9onsulting engineers for bulk solid technolog

3e!ber of working parties of1:DI-:9, :DI-;3

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Introduction

Schwedes + Schulze

#orking areas of Schwedes + Schulze Schüttguttechnik

- Silo design for flow

to a*oid1

arching, funnel flow

segregation

irregular flow, flushing

trouble in interaction of silo and discharge e7uip!ent

- 3easure!ent of flow properties

6roductopti!ization

>ualit control

Silo design for strength acc. to = /22/-?

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Introduction

 "genda

 Bulk solids and li7uids 5 is there a difference@

 #hat happens inside a silo @

 Stresses in silos

 Secrets inside a silo

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Flow of Bulk Solids in Silos

Solid *s. Bulk Solid

4he *ertical stress results

in a horizontal stress.

4he stress ratio λ of bulk solids

is not constant, depends on

properties, stress histor, ..

  on-elastic solid Bulk solid ;luid

  4ablets ;luidized state

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Flow of Bulk Solids in Silos

Silo effect

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Flow of Bulk Solids in Silos

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Flow of Bulk Solids in Silos

Silo effect

Height

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Flow of Bulk Solids in Silos

Silo effect

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Flow of Bulk Solids in Silos

 "rching and ;unnel ;low

  "rching ;unnel Arat holingC

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Flow of Bulk Solids in Silos

Segregation

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Flow of Bulk Solids in Silos

Segregation

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Flow of Bulk Solids in Silos

3ass ;low and ;unnel ;low

Mass flow – funnel flow

3ass flow ;unnel flow

stagnant

zones

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Flow of Bulk Solids in Silos

;low 6rofile

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Flow of Bulk Solids in Silos

Benefits of 3ass ;low

3ass flow ;unnel flow

 "rching + +

Rat holing - +

Segregation - +

Irregular flow - +

;looding - +

Residence ti!e distribution - +

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Stresses in Silos

Eanssen e7uation

=7uilibriu! of forces in z-direction1

Introduction of wall friction φwand stress ratio λ

Differential e7uation for the *ertical stress pv

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Stresses in Silos

Eanssen e7uation

 "fter integration and assu!ing that the *ertical stress

at the top of the fill le*el e7uals & it follows for the *ertical stress1

4he e-function ter! approaches & for a large fill height Az

resulting in the !aFi!u! *ertical stress of1

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Stresses in Silos

Eanssen e7uation

;or a clindrical silo A"G) DG? the !aFi!u! *ertical stress results to1

Stress ratio1 appr. &.0

#all friction1 appr. ' &.0

6v  g Jb D

Bulk solid1 *ertical stress proportional to the dia!eter Asilo1 s!all D

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Stresses in Silos

Silo da!age

9e!ent raw !eal silo with inner cone

Discharge seg!ent b seg!ent

*ia fluidization

Kaldenhoff, 3.L Schütte, E.L Hauser, ".1

 "nwendungserfahrungen !it der neuen DI /&00 4eil

bei der Sanierung zweier Roh!ehlsilos

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Stresses in Silos

9racks on silo wall

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Stresses in Silos

9racks on silo wall

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Stresses in Silos

;low channel stresses

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Attrition of Bulk Solids

Silo to store sulphure pellets

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Attrition of Bulk Solids

Silo to store sulphure pellets

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Attrition of Bulk Solids

Silo to store iron ore pellets

4op of silo

Silo height

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Attrition of Bulk Solids

Silo to store iron ore pellets