religious extremism in pakistan. reasons

7/23/2019 Religious Extremism in Pakistan. Reasons

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LAHORE

RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM REASONS

AND REMEDIES

BY

LT CDR SAQIB HASAN PN

2011-2012

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2/45

THESIS STATEMENT

(RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM-REASONS AND REMEDIES)

Pakistan got in!"!n!n#! on t$! na%! o& an i!o'og i! Is'a% T$! *!+

i!o'og ,as as! on .T,o Nation T$!o+/ &0!'! t$! +!'igio0s

is#+i%ination1!2t+!%is% o& Hin0s to,a+s M0s'i%s o& 0ni*i! Inia in t$at

!+a T$!+!&o+!3 M0s'i%s o& S0 Contin!nt got 0nit! 0n!+ t$! &'ag o& Is'a% to

'i!+at! a #o0nt+ ,$!+! t$! #o0' "+a#ti#! it ,it$o0t i#tation o& Hin0s At t$!

ti%! o& in!"!n!n#!3 t$! int!+na' i&&!+!n#!s a%ong M0s'i%s ,!+! so%!,$at

'ai asi! 0t a&t!+,a+s ,it$ !*!+ "assing !#a!3 !2t+!%ist +!'igio0s

*i!,"oints sta+t! s0+&a#ing T$! +!'igio0s !2t+!%is%3 o& ,$i#$ on#! M0s'i%s

,!+! *i#ti%s t$!%s!'*!s3 sta+t! ,aging against &a#tions o& t$!i+ o,n +!'igion in

Pakistan

Eit$!+ its o+igin ,as B+itis$ in40sti#! to Is'a%i# i!o'og1!0#ation sst!%

a&t!+ 5678 9a+ o& In!"!n!n#! o+ its 'at!st t+a#!s !%anat! &+o% :ia +!gi%!

&'o0+is$ing !2t+!%ist g+o0"s; t$! %!na#! $a !!n a %a4o+ $0+'! in Nationa'

Unit In aition3 !*!+ Go*!+n%!nt in Pakistan !2"'oit! i%"'!%!ntation o&

Is'a% as 'a, o& 'an on' &o+ *i#to+ in !'!#tions B0t ,$!n t$! !si+! +!s0'ts

,!+! not +a,n Go*!+n%!nts3 t$! "0'i# t0+n! to,a+s +!'igio0s

"a+ti!s1'o#k A so&t #o+n!+ &o+ #'!+g (!it$!+ +ig$t!o0s o+ !2t+!%ist) got i%"'ant!

in t$! $!a+ts an %ins o& %ass!s as t$! &o+%!+ %ig$t +!*i*! t$! i!o'og3 Is'a%

2

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3/45

T$! $a'& #ook! an 0n!+ "+i*i'!g! #'!+g took '!a an t$!i+

in#o%"'!t! t!a#$ings as! on $at+! sta+t! ta+g!ting #o%%on %an T$!

0'ti%at! "+o0#t ,as into'!+an#!3 ,$it! #o''a+ 'ooting3 !%otiona' 'a#k %ai'ing3

#on&is#ating 'ans on t$! na%! o& %osas$%i+ *a''! a! %0'ti

i%!nsiona' "+o'!%s &o+ La, En&o+#!%!nt Ag!n#i!s (LEAs) &o+ #$!#ks an

a'an#!s in "ost #on&'i#t !+a3 a't$o0g$ s"onso+! t$! !a+'i!+ go*!+n%!nts

t$!%s!'*!s

T$! !"iso!s o& Mi'ita+ O"!+ation in ?ATA1So0t$ 9a@i+istan an o& .La'

Mas4i/ a! &0!' to &i+! an t$! s!+i!s s0i#i! atta#ks3 o% 'asts an o*!+t

as%%!t+i# atta#ks +!'igio0s !2t+!%ists on Go*!+n%!nt an A+%! ?o+#!s

,o+s!n! t$! sit0ation Is'a% on#! t$! i!o'og o& Pakistan ,as %a!

isi''0sion! its !n!%i!s t$+o0g$ ,aging +!'igio0s +ai#a'is% T$! sit0ation not

on' $as #on&0s! t$! g!n!+a' "0'i# ao0t i%ag! o& Is'a% 0t t$is "!+i' $as a'so

!!n !sta'is$! as a s!*!+! int!+na' t$+!at to t$! #o0nt+

(In this bac!"#$ ana%&s' th' "'as#ns # "'%i)i#*s '+t"',is, in

aistan an! $#ssib%' "','!ia% ,'as*"'s./

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RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM IN AISTAN REASONS AND REMEDIES

ATER I

INTRODUTION

Pakistan ,as t$! -"+o0#t o& +!'!nt'!ss st+0gg'! o& t$! "!o"'! o& S0-

Contin!nt i++!s"!#ti*! o& +!'igion3 #o'o0+ an #+!! T$! +!#ognition o& t$at

st+0gg'! &o+ Pakistan ,as 0' gi*!n to #o%%0niti!s ot$!+ t$an M0s'i%s Q0ai

! A@a% T$! g+!at '!a!+ +!&0s! to !#o%! "a+t o& .>$i'a&at Mo*!%!nt/ in

5=s3 a "0+! M0s'i% %o*!%!nt3 so t$at it s$o0' not #ast! a +!'igio0s1M0s'i%-

on' s$ao, on anti- B+itis$ %o*!%!nt In t$is #onn!#tion $! sai t$at3 it ,as a

#+i%! to %i2 0" "o'iti#s an +!'igion t$! ,a ,! $a on! 5

At anot$!+ o##asion inna$ as t$! !signat! Go*!+no+-G!n!+a' stat! in

t$! &i+st Constit0!nt Ass!%' o& Pakistan on 55 A0g0st 5=F83 o0 %a !'ong

to an +!'igion o+ #ast! o+ #+!! t$at $as not$ing to o ,it$ t$! 0sin!ss o&

t$! stat! 9! a+! sta+ting in t$! as ,$!n t$!+! is no is#+i%ination3 no

istin#tion !t,!!n on! #o%%0nit an anot$!+

Cont+a+ to t$! #'!a+ *ision o& ?o0n!+ o& Nation3 a&t!+ $is !%is!3 it $as

a',as !!n !n!a*o0+! t$! M0s'i% #'!+g to i%"'!%!nt Is'a% as La, o&

Lan On t$! sa%! not! t$! $a*! &ai'! !it$!+ in "+o*iing an ,+itt!n Is'a%i#

&+a%!,o+k !*!+ &o+ i%"'!%!ntation Po'iti#a' '!a!+s$i" a'so 0s! Is'a% to

!'ongat! t$!i+ +0'! on' an got t$! +!'igio0s #'!+i#s ass!%'! &o+ t$! "0+"os!

1$tt"11$tt"11,,,a%a@on#o%1inna$-Inia-Pa+tition-In!"!n!n#!-as,ant1"165=5586

2 T$! Constit0!nt Ass!%' o& Pakistan D!at!s3 >a+a#$i3 *o'0%! 53 n0%!+ 3 55 A0g0st 5=F8" 5


5/45

Un!+ G!n!+a' :ia/s Is'a%isation (5=88-5=66) a s!a #$ang! ,as os!+*!

an Is'a% ,as o"!n' 0s! as a too' to &0+t$!+ t$! +0'! o& t$! G!n!+a' Sunni-

Shia#on&'i#t "+os"!+! %0#$ 0+ing t$! G!n!+a'/s +!gi%! in 6s an +!a#$! its

"!ak in =s R!'igio0s %i'itan#3 t!++o+ atta#ks3 %a+!ssa$ #0't0+! an +0gs

"+o'i&!+ation a'so oo%! 0+ing t$! "!+io

Si%i'a+' A&g$an ,a+3 >as$%i+ &+!!o% st+0gg'! an t$! $ost o& si%i'a+

M0s'i% s0&&!+ings a#+oss t$! g'o! a&&o+! ,i!+ s0""o+t an a##!"tai'it to

%i'itant +!'igio0s %o*!%!nts in t$! na%! o& i$a T$is !2t+!%is% &o0n

!2"+!ssion in t$! =155 !*!nts an is toa *i!,! as a t$+!at to t$! g'oa'

"!a#!F Cons!


6/45

! C$a"t!+ J Con#'0sion

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7/45

ATER-II

ROOTS O3 RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM IN SUB-ONTINENT ANDTEN IN AISTAN

T$! +oots o& +!'igio0s !2t+!%is% #an ! t+a#! a#k &+o% 0n! 5676

,$!n B+itis$ East Inia Co%"an !sta'is$! t$!i+ #o'onia' +0'! a&t!+ !&!ating

M0g$a' nast in t$! S0-Contin!ntK M0s'i%s 'a0n#$! an a+%! +!sistan#! a

!a+ !&o+! &o+ t$!i+ in!"!n!n#! ,$i#$ &ai'! %is!+a' T$! B+itis$ ao"t!

&a%o0s "o'i# o& .i*i! an +0'!/ to s0""+!ss t$!%

T$! $a a nat0+a' a''ian#! ,it$ Hin0s against M0s'i%s !#a0s! o& %an

+!asons P+i%a+ ,as t$! o' ag! Hin0 #on#!"t o& M0s'i% +0'!+s as 0s0+"!+s

t$!+!&o+! an "o,!+ ass0+ing t$! .0s0+"!+s/ not +!gaining t$! +0'! ,as t$!i+ ,!''

,is$!+ S!#on'3 t$! #o%%on B+itis$ %!%o+ $a not &o+gott!n t$! #+0sa!s83

+!%!%!+ing M0s'i%s as !n!%i!s T$is !#a%! on! o& t$! +!asons o& $at+!

a%ong M0s'i%s an B+itis$

T$! !%!+g!n#! o& M0s'i% #'!+g (%0''a$) ,as t$! !"iso! o& t$is *!+ !+a

,$!n 40st to o""os! t$! B+itis$3 t$! 'at!+ 'o#k! !*!+ o""o+t0nit o& "+os"!+it

an #ont!%"o+a+ !0#ation ?i2at! "oint o& *i!, to,a+s +!'igion3 !%!+ging

%o!+n ,o+'3 s#i!nti&i# in*!ntions +at$!+ !*!+ o""o+t0nit o& k!!"ing "a#! ,it$

+a"i "a#! ,o+' ,as ann! t$! #'!+g E2a%"'!s ,!+! &o+iing Eng'is$

'ang0ag!3 s#i!nti&i# !0#ation3 "$otog+a"$3 !nt!+tain%!nt3 'o0 s"!ak!+s3

,!a+ing o& t+o0s!+s an s$i+ts to #o%%on M0s'i%s

T$! sa%! ,as against t$! t!a#$ings o& Is'a% sin#!3 T$! P+o"$!t

6 http://www.radianceweekly.com/48/165/muslims-and-1857-war-o-independence/2!!6-12-31/co"er-

story/story-detail/muslims-and-1857-war-o-independence.html

7 #$id

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8/45

M0$a%%a ("!a#! ! 0"on $i%) sai: "The seeking of knowledge is obligatory

for every Muslim."6

To #o0nt!+ t$! !0#ationa' 'a"s!s a%ong M0s'i%s3 a M0s'i% s#$o'a+ Si+

S! &o0n! t$! Maa+sat0' U'oo% in A'iga+$ In 5687 His o4!#ti*! ,as to

0i' a #o''!g! in t0n! ,it$ t$! B+itis$ !0#ation sst!% 0t ,it$o0t

#o%"+o%ising its Is'a%i# *a'0!s= B0t again t$! .M0''a$/ ,as t$! igg!st $0+'!

T$! t$+as$! t$! #on#!"t o& Eng'is$ !0#ation ,it$ Is'a%i# on! an !#'a+!

Si+ S! as .ka&i+/(in&i!')

So%! o& t$! $isto+i# &a#to+s #ont+i0ting to t$is %!na#! in Pakistan a+! o&

0ni*i! Inia/s o+igin Sa%! a+! as &o''o,s

A",'! #n%ict B't4''n B"itish an! M*s%i,sT$! M0s'i%s in S0-

Contin!nt +!!''! against B+itis$ in 5678 M0s'i% so'i!+s +!!''! against t$!

ins0'ting !$a*io0+ o& t$!i+ s0"!+io+s3 ki''! B+itis$ o&&i#!+s3 &+!! t$!i+ #o%+a!s

an !st+o! t$! Co%"an o&&i#!s5 Soon t$! sa%! ,as !2t!n! a'' o*!+

Inian soi' 0t ,as o*!+#o%! an #+0s$! +0ta'' t$! B+itis$ T$os!

#on*i#t! o& .%0tin/ ,!+! 'as$! to t$! %0@@'!s o& #annon an &i+! t$+o0g$

t$!i+ o55 T$! !t!ntion an !"o+tations o& t$! M0s'i% a#ti*ists to .>a'a Pani/

(Ana%an Is'ans) #ontin0! &o+ !#a!s a&t!+ A%a'a (56KF) an Patna (5685)

+!sistan#! att'!s T$! %04a$iin s$o,! ga''ant+ an #o0+ag! against t$!

8 A'-Ti+%i$i3 Hait$ 8F


9/45

B+itis$ t+oo"s 0+ing t$! sai att'!s5 T$!s! !"iso!s %a! M0s'i%s an B+itis$

nat0+a' !''ig!+!nts o& !a#$ ot$!+ an in#0'#at! !'!%!nt o& %i'itan# in Inian

M0s'i%s &o+ &+!!o%

*nt'" R'$#"t T$! B+itis$ t0+n! &i!+#!' on M0s'i%s as t$!i+ +!a' !n!%i!s

an !n!a*o0+! to "0t an !n to t$! !$a %o*!%!nt3 ,$i#$ .s!itio0s

9a$ais/ $a 'a0n#$!5On Ma3 5685 Lo+ Mao3 ,$o ,as an I+is$ an

S!#+!ta+ in B+itis$ !, PM M+ Dis+a!'i/s Minist+3 ask! a #i*i'ian 99 H0nt!+ to

,+it! a +!"o+t on t$! 0+ning o+an ,as as! 0"on t$! #on#!"tion o& t$! M0sa'%ans as a

#on


10/45

T$!+!&o+! t$! B+itis$ !sti%at! t$at Inian M0s'i%s ,!+! t$!i+ ,o+st

!n!%i!s an t$!+!&o+! sta+t! ta+g!ting t$!% t$! %ost

B"itish S*$$#"t t# M*sh"##, 5a"i#*s R'%i)i#*s 3acti#nsAs

!n0n#iat! in t$! Q0!!n/s P+o#'a%ation (5676)3 %an +!'igio0s a*!nt0+!+s ,!+!

+o0g$t o0t in t$! +!'igio0s .%a+k!t/ o& Inia ,it$ t$!i+ ."+o0#ts B+itis$

in*a!+s T$! I%"!+ia'ist/s *!+ o,n +!'igio0s "'antation ,it$in Is'a% ,as Qaiani

&a#tion Mi+@a G$0a'% A$%! Qaiani3 '!a!+ o& Qaiani g+o0" ,as #$os!n &o+

t$! +o'! o& a &ak! "+o"$!t3 so t$at t$! M0s'i%s ,o0' gat$!+ a+o0n $i% an $!

,o0' ist+a#t t$!% &+o% ,aging 4i$aa against t$! Eng'is$ #o'onia'ists

58

A%ong M0s'i%s %an s!#ts an s0-s!#ts s"+ang T$!+! ,!+! Nat0+ists3

A$'-!-Hait$3 A$'! Q0+an (C$ak+a',is)3 "a#i&ist S0&is3 D!oani3 Ba+!'*i3 A$'-!-

Hait$3 !si!s t,o 'a+g!+ S$ia an S0nni g+o0"s T$! ,$o'! Inian so#i!t ,as

i*i! into a 'a+g! n0%!+ o& $osti'! g+o0"s a'' o& ,$o% ,!+! itt!+' at ,a+ ,it$

!a#$ ot$!+56 T$! B+itis$ !2"'oit! t$! sa%! in t$!i+ o,n &a*o0+ an !2t+!%is%

"+!*ai'! in t$! so#i!t !#a0s! o& t$! t,o&o' a#ts; o& t$! o""+!sso+ (&0!'ing t$!

i&&!+!n#!s into o%!sti# *io'!n#!) an o""+!ss! (not 0niting against B+itis$)

ot$

Initiati#n # R'%i)i#*s Mi%itanc&M!%!+s o& t$! >$i'a&at Co%%itt!!

iss0! a &at,a s0""o+ting t$! non-#oo"!+ation %o*!%!nt in 0' 5= a*o#at!

Gan$i T$! &at,a3 "0'is$! in t$! A'4a%iaat U+0 ai' o& D!'$i3 ,as sign!

7 0'!%a !#'a+ing t$! B+itis$ go*!+n%!nt as $a+aa% ("+o$iit! t$!

17 $tt"11a'$a&!!@o+g1+as$i1+itis$-4!,is$14#5$t% +!t+i!*! on 5 No* 55

18 #$id

1!


11/45

S$a+ia3 t$! Is'a%i# La,) an o*!+t$+o, it &o+#! 5= T$is initiat! t$! !'!%!nt o&

+!'igio0s %i'itan# in t$! s0 #ontin!nt ,$i#$ $a t$! 'ong 'asting i%"+!ssions in

t$! $isto+ to #o%!

Ec#n#,ic "ac!#4n #n M*s%i,sBanning t$! %o!+n !0#ation $a it

s i%"'i#ations M0s'i%s ,$o i not ,ant to '!a*! t$! +!'igio0s !'!%!nts3 ,!+!

!"+i*! o& go*!+n%!nt 4os3 'at!st an in t0+n t$!i+ !#ono%i#a' #onitions

!#a%! ,o+s! T$! B+itis$ att+i0t! t$! ,a+ o& 5678 to t$! M0s'i%s a'on! As a

+!s0't3 "+o"!+t !'onging to M0s'i%s ,as #on&is#at! an t$! ,!+! !ni!

!%"'o%!nt o""o+t0niti!s !*!+,$!+! in t$! a+%3 +!*!n0! !"a+t%!nt3 an

40i#ia+

aistan a,' Int# B'in) Inh'"itin) R'%i)i#*s E+t"',is,On an

o##asion inna$ sai T$! g+!at %a4o+it o& 0s a+! M0s'i%s 9! &o''o, t$!

t!a#$ings o& t$! P+o"$!t Mo$a%%a (PBUH) 9! a+! %!%!+s o& t$!

+ot$!+$oo o& Is'a% in ,$i#$ a'' a+! !


12/45

#st aistan E"a (1678 1661.

T$is "!+io #an &0+t$!+ ! s0-i*i! in t$+!! "!+ios t$at is3 &+o% 5=F8

5=883 &+o% 5=88 5=66 an &+o% 5=66-5==5

1678 t# 1688 - Disa)"'','nt b't4''n R'%i)i#*s an! M#!'"nistsThis

period can be characterised as a clash of interpretations between the Islamic

modernists and orthodox lemas over the role of Islam in the state. !!?i+st st!"

to,a+s Pakistan/s Is'a%isation ,as t$! O4!#ti*!s R!so'0tion o& 5=F= The

constitutional drafters followed the guidance of the obectives resolution# and

$akistan was declared an Islamic %epublic in &'().

!*

The preamble to the &'()

+onstitution prohibited any laws ,repugnant- to Islam as set forth in uran and

Sunnah!(

Lat!+ t$!&')! +onstitution# given by /yub0s regime# added an additional

phrase to repugnancy clause that no law shall be repugnant to the teachings and

re1uirements of Islam as set out in 2oly uran and Sunnah !) A g'i%"s! o&

+!'igio0s %i'itan# ,as os!+*! 0+ing 5=85 ,a+ !t,!!n Inia an Pakistan

,$!n t,o a+%! ,ings o& a%aat-!- Is'a%i na%!' .A'-Ba+/ an .A'-S$a%s/

&o0g$t against .M0kti Ba$ini/ G0!++i''as in t$! t$!n East Pakistan T$at %i'itan#

22 Asa%a a


13/45

,as a't$o0g$ in t$! &a*o0+ o& t$! stat! 0t $o,!*!+ +!&'!#t! t$! t+a#!s o&

%i'itan# in M0s'i%s o& Pakistan8

T$! 5=8 #onstit0tion3 gi*!n 3hotto regime# formally establish Islam as

the state religion in $akistan!4 3hutto also tried to counter the political nuisance

value of the conservative religious parties by conceding to a number of their

political demands# ........... banning the consumption of alcohol and declaring the

5riday as weekly holiday!'

1688 t# 1699 G'n'"a% :ia;s B"an! # Is%a,T$! G!n!+a'/s "!+io t$at

&o''o,! B$0tto sa, t$! a''-!n#o%"assing VIs'a%isationV o& Pakistan/s so#io-

"o'iti#a' st+0#t0+! Constit0tiona' a%!n%!nts +!s0't! in t,o signi&i#ant aitions

to t$! Constit0tiona' st+0#t0+! article (&6*/7 6to bar non8Muslims from voting in

general elections7 and article !!9 6to bring all existing laws into conformity with

2oly uran and Sunnah7. The Islamic laws include 2adood rdinance# ;ina

rdinance# ;akat rdinance# $roperty rdinance# anun8e8Shahadat rder and

3lasphemy

Ma4o+ a%!n%!nts in Pakistan P!na' Co! in#'0! (Un!+ B'as"$!%

La,)3 Section !'(3 6?efiling the 2oly uran: $unishment8Imprisonment for life7

and Section !'(+ 6se of derogatory remarks with respect to the 2oly $rophet:

$unishment8 death@ imprisonment for life7 5 5ederal Shariat +ourt and the

27 $tt"11,,,+itanni#a#o%1EB#$!#k!1to"i#1758K1Bang'a!s$1887671Bang'a!s$-sin#!-in!"!n!n#!

28?a+oo< H0ss!in3 O"#it 5

2%As%a a


14/45

Shariat /ppellate 3ench of the Supreme +ourt were established under udicial

reforms=! T$is !+a in#'0!s t,o i%"o+tant !*!nts o& 5=8=3 t$! Is'a%i# +!*o'0tion

in I+an an t$! So*i!t in*asion in A&g$anistan

I"anian R'


15/45

a'ong,it$ 'i!+a' &0ns "+o*i! to g+o0"s an instit0tions &o+ t+aining A&g$an an

ot$!+ M0s'i% nationa's &+o% a $ost o& #o0nt+i!s to ,ag! ,a+ against So*i!ts K

R!'igio0s s#$oo's %0'ti"'i! 0+ing t$is "!+io an t$! ti%! A&g$an ,a+ !n!

in 5=6=3 i$ai #0't0+! $a a#


16/45

Si"a$-!-Sa$aa Pakistan (SSP)

Las$ka+-!-$ang*i (L!)

1696 U$"isin) In ash,i"T$! ,a+s ,it$ Pakistan %a! t$! >as$%i+ a

s!nsiti*! o+!+ stat! in Inia Inian go*!+n%!nt a##0s! Pakistan &o+

s0""o+ting an s"onso+ing t$! &+!!o% &ig$t!+s It ,as G!n :ia/s anot$!+

i%!nsion o& Is'a%isation to !n#o0+ag! *a+io0s s!#ta+ian g+o0"s3 "a+ti#0'a+' t$!

D!oani S#$oo's an "+o%ot! t$! s!tting 0" o& Maa+is +!'igio0s "a+ti!s

an s0#$ g+o0"s6 Man o& t$!% ,!+! %!ant &o+ +!&0g!!s &+o% A&g$anistan

T$!s! Maa+is 0'ti%at!' !#a%! instit0t!s &o+ "+o0#ing $ans &o+ i$a to &ig$t

in >as$%i+ Cons! D!s"it! a'' $is !&&o+ts3 B!na@i+ ,on t$! !'!#tions an took o&&i#!

38 A+ti#'! on R!giona' I%"'i#ations o& t$! Ris! o& Is'a%i# ?0na%!nta'is% in Pakistan >a'i%Ba$a0+3 (St+at!gi# Ana'sis an-Ma+ K)3 "8


17/45

/lthough democracy returned# even then /rmy continued to play vital role in of

$akistan by keeping /fghan and Bashmir $olicies under her control*&

#st #%! =a" E"a> 1661 - 2001

B t$! !n o& 5==53 So*i!t Union isint!g+at! an US a#k! a,a &+o%

A&g$an a&&ai+sF At t$at ti%!3 Na,a@ S$a+i& ,as "+i%! %inist!+ o& Pakistan On!

i%"o+tant !*!'o"%!nt in t$!s! !a+s ,as t$! involvement of ISI chief 6


18/45

movement in Malakand by Tehrik8e8DifaG8e8Shariat8e8Mohammadi 6TDSM7 led

by Sufi Muhammad The government arrested the Sufi Muhammad but also

succumbed to the TDSM demand of introducing Islamic ,p it p 8

47 usa ?han 9ala@ai+,pcit+p.8!.

48 eore Aush+ resident o B'+ statement $y the president in his address to the nation+ ashinton

'eptem$er 11+ 2!!1 at http:// www.white house. o"/ news/ releases/ 2!!1/ !%/ 2!!1!%11-16.html cited on13 >o" 11.

18


19/45

On "o'iti#a' &+ont3 t$! "+o-A%!+i#an an anti !2t+!%ist "o'i#i!s o& "+!s!nt

go*!+n%!nt '! to a +!'igio-"o'iti#a' #oa'ition o& i&&!+!nt +!'igio0s "a+ti!s in &o+%

o& M0tta$ia Ma4'is-!-A%a' #o%%on' kno,n as MMA >! and was also able to form government in DF5$(> MMA t$!+!a&t!+

&ai'! to "+o0#! an istin#t "+os"!+it 0n!+ t$! &'ag o& so-#a''! Is'a%

4%Ta$%ina Ras$i3 I%"'i#ations o& t$! =155 A Pakistani P!+s"!#ti*!3 IPRI3 ?!+0a+ 3 "

5!Hassan Aas3 O"#it3 "6

1%


20/45

ATER-III

E33ETS O3 RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM ON AISTANI SOIETY

M&stiicati#n O


21/45

a&&!#tion a%ong %ass!s an +0'!+s a%i nationa' #ong+!gation &o+ t$! "+os"!+it

o& stat!3 +!%ain! $i!n &+o% t$! %ass!s

:ia;s Is%a, R'ta%iat'! Ba!%&T$! !n&o+#!%!nt o& :ia/s s!'& "+o#'ai%!

Is'a%i# #o! ,it$ +!s"!#t to #onstit0tion; Is'a%i# 'a,s3 P!na' Co!3 40i#ia+3

,o%!n a&&ai+s3 !0#ationa' an s$o,i@ +!&o+%s +!s0't! in t$! s0+&a#ing o&

#'as$ o& int!+"+!tations in a'+!a #on&0s! Pakistani so#i!t an i*i! t$!

nation on s!#ta+ian g+o0ns

ha#s b& R'%i)i#*s a"ti's A'' +!'igio0s "o'iti#a' "a+ti!s o& Pakistan

a+! $a*ing a #o%%on !%an on t$!i+ ag!na t$at is !n&o+#!%!nt o& Is'a%i# 'a,

in Pakistan Ho,!*!+3 $isto+ ,itn!ss! t$at t$!i+ '!a!+s %a! #oa'ition ,it$

i&&!+!nt go*!+n%!nts an o""osition "a+ti!s istin#ti*!' &o+ "!+sona' gains on'

Issuance of fatwa by the lemas of C$ in support of /yub in presidential

elections of &')(((# CI0s support to Hahya in &'9>()# CI0s coalition with $$$

government in &'44(9a+! t$! &!, !2a%"'!s

Inst!a o& s"+!aing 'o*! an &+at!+na' &!!'ings a%ong &!''o, Pakistanis3

t$!s! "a+ti!s $a*! #+!at! $at+!3 i*i! t$! "!o"'! into i&&!+!nt !''ig!+!nt

g+o0"s an $a*! "+o%ot! s!#ta+ianis%76

I"anian R'ote+ 0he >ation 2! 9anuary 1%%8.

21


22/45

revolution to Muslim countries('. T$! +!*o'0tiona+ go*!+n%!nt !!%! it

#on*!ni!nt to !2t!n %o+a' an %at!+ia' s0""o+t to S$ias o& Pakistan

R!s0'tant'3 S$ia %i'itan# in Pakistan in#+!as! %ani&o'3 in t0+n gi*ing +is! to

anti-s$ia s!#ta+ian S0nni o+ganisations

A)han =a"Q0!stion a+is!s t$at ,$!t$!+ A&g$an ,a+ ,as a 4i$a o+

t!++o+is%3 ,$!t$!+ t$! "!o"'! t+ain! &o+ A&g$an i$a a+! M04a$!!n o+

t!++o+ists an ,$!t$!+ t$! "0+"os! o& A&g$an i$a ,as +!a'' to 'i!+at!

A&g$anistan o+ to +!sist Co%%0nist !2"ansion Ans,!+ to t$!s!


23/45

T$! !&&!#t ,as %0s$+oo%ing o& 4i$ai o+ganisations3 >a'as$niko* an +0g

#0't0+!3 o% atta#ks3 +is! o& !t$ni# "o'iti#a' "a+ti!s 0! to 'oos! #ont+o' o&

go*!+n%!nt3 0n#ont+o''! a+%s an !2t+!%ist !'!%!nts "+o'i&!+ation insi!

Pakistani so#i!t

ash,i" U$"isin) A&t!+ t$! ,it$+a,a' o& So*i!t &o+#!s &+o%

A&g$anistan3 &o#0s o& i$ai a#ti*iti!s ,as s$i&t! to Inian $!' >as$%i+ in 5=6=

T$is ga*! +is! to t$! !sta'is$%!nt o& i$ai o+ganisations in Pakistan3 as t$!

+!'igio0s "a+ti!s3 ,$i#$ i not "a+ti#i"at! in A&g$an i$a a'so sta+t! taking "a+t

in >as$%i+ i$a %ain' 0! to &inan#ia' gains

T$! desired human resource for Cihadi activities consists of students of

Madrassahs# members of student unions of different religious parties and many

obless people)& Mo+!o*!+3 i$a $as !#o%! so0+#! o& %aking %on! &o+

'!a!+s o& i$ai o+ganisations ,$o 40st !#a0s! o& t$!i+ o,n !n!&it s!n

so#ia'' !"+i*! "!o"'! &o+ i$aK >!!"ing in *i!, t$! ao*! is#0ssion3 it #an

! !0#! t$at A&g$an an >as$%i+ i$as "+o%ot! i$ai #0't0+! in Pakistan

an "'a! %a4o+ +o'! to "0t Pakistani so#i!t on t$! "at$ o& !2t+!%is%

I,$act #n aistan #st 6?11?o''o,ing t$! !*!nts o& =1553 Pakistan

$a to +ai#a'' +!*a%" its &o+!ign "o'i# Unit! Stat!s $as !"!n! $!a*i' on

Pakistan &o+ ta#k'ing t$! t!++o+is% "+o'!% o+iginating in t$! +!gion A s!+i!s o&

int!+nationa' t!++o+is% "'ots 0n#o*!+! in US3 U> an A0st+a'ia $a t+a#!s to

61Data is as! on i&&!+!nt so0+#!s an !tai's a+! gi*!n in A""!ni2 III

62a'a@ai3 M0sa >$an3 Ding to >i'' Us3 (La$o+! A'-Aas Int!+nationa'3 7)3 "8

23


24/45

Pakistan It is t$0s n!#!ssa+ to ana's! t$! i%"a#t on Pakistan in t$! a&t!+%at$

o& =155 in t$! &o''o,ing "!+s"!#ti*!s

ash,i" #%ic& T$! %ost #+iti#a' task &o+ Pakistan in t$! "ost =155

"!+io ,as to "+!s!+*! t$! '!giti%a# o& t$! >as$%i+i &+!!o% &ig$t!+s/ st+0gg'!

an not a''o, it to &a'' "+! to t$! n!, !&inition o& t!++o+is% K On t$! ot$!+ $an

Inia ,ant! to s!i@! t$! o""o+t0nit to "0t %o+! "+!ss0+! on Pakistan on

a##o0nt o& its a''!g! s0""o+t to t$! in&i't+ation a#+oss t$! LOC T$is 0n!+%in!

t$! ongoing st+0gg'! o& >as$%i+i "!o"'!KF

aistan;s N*c%'a" A"s'na% ?o+ Pakistan3 4oining t$! US '! anti t!++o+ist

#oa'ition +!&'!#t! a %a4o+ "o'i# s$i&t3 ,$i#$ +!R 36 Bi''ion &+o%

F to 6-= T$! !sti%at! #ost o& t$! ,a+ on t!++o+ ,as a+o0n F6F

i''ion +0"!!s in 8-6K7 T$! Minist+ o& ?inan#! $as #a'#0'at! t$at t$!

63?a@a' 0+ R!$%an3 Pakistan an 9a+ on T!++o+is%3 A*ai'a'! at ,,,issi#o%3 a##!ss! on ?! 55

64A$%a Aas3 I%"a#t o& =155 on S%a''!+ Stat!s o& So0t$ Asia3 A*ai'a'! at ,,,issi#o%a##!ss! on ?! 55

65 (rticle on akistan 'uered loss o 2+!8! An+ 0he )ecorder+17 9an+2!!%.

24


25/45

%a#+o!#ono%i# stai'isation is 'ik!' to s'o, o,n t$! !#ono%i# g+o,t$3 #a0s!

"o*!+t an "0s$ "o*!+t +at! 0" in t$! s$o+t +0n

Int'"na% S'c*"it&Pakistan/s s'i! to,a+s stat! &ai'0+! a##!'!+at!

+a%ati#a'' in 8 T$! assassination o& &o+%!+ P+i%! Minist!+ B!na@i+ B$0tto

on 8 D!#!%!+ 8 ,as a +!%in!+3 t$at t$! #o0nt+/s "+og+!ssi*! #o''a"s!

,as %0#$ %o+! +a"i an i++!t+i!*a'! t$an %ost $a !n*isag! B!si!s t$is

g+a*! in#i!nt so%! %o+! !*!nts $a""!n! ,$i#$ $as !t!+io+at! &a+i# o&

so#i!t T$! sa%! a+! 'ist! !'o,

La' Mas4i E"iso!

O"!+ations in 9ana3 Ba4a0+ an S,at

S0i#i! Bo%ings

Ho,!*!+ t$! La, En&o+#!%!nt Ag!n#i!s (LEAs) o& Pakistan $a*! !!n *!+

!&&!#ti*! in !a+ 55 an t!++o+ atta#ks $a*! !!n so%!,$at #on&in! Statisti#s

o& t$! sa%! a+! gi*!n at A$$'n!i+-5

25


26/45

ATER-I5

=AY 3OR=ARD AND REOMMENMDATIONS

E2t+!%! $o"!s a+! o+n o& !2t+!%! %is!+KK As sai B!+t+an R0ss!'

#'!a+' !"i#ts a "i#t0+! o& $o"! to !*is! t$! st+at!gi!s &o+ #0+ing +!'igio0s

!2t+!%is% in Pakistan T$! +oot #a0s!s as !&in! in #$a"t!+s II an III ,o0' !

tak!n as +!&!+!n#! to s0gg!st *ia'! o"tions T$! +!#o%%!nations %a ! as

&o''o,s

%a"i&in) R#%' # Is%a, in R*nnin) Stat' Aai"s Con&0sion o*!+ t$! iss0!

%a ! #'a+i&i! a 4oint t!a% o& int!''!#t0a's an 0'!%a in o+!+ to !'i%inat!

t$! #$an#!s o& 0sing Is'a% as a s$i!' #'!+g an "o'iti#ians in &0t0+!

E"a!icati#n # :ia R')i,' R'#",s A't$o0g$ %an o& t$! +!&o+%s

!*is! :ia +!gi%! $a*! !!n i'0t! 0t t$!+! is sti'' a n!! to o a,a ,it$

t$! a&t!+ !&&!#ts B!'i!*!s o& +!'igio0s %ino+iti!s an a'' s!#ts o& Is'a% s$o0' !

#onsi!+! ,$i'! %aking '!gis'ations in t$! #o0nt+ in 'in! ,it$ Q0ai/s *ision

T$! sa%! ,o0' #0+tai' t$! !'!%!nt o& +!'igio0s !2t+!%is%

E%i,inatin) S#cia% E


27/45

''$in) =atch #n R'%i)i#*s Instit*t's Histo+ s$o,s t$at !*!n

t$! '!a+n!3 "+os"!+o0s an 9!st-o+i!nt! int!''ig!ntsia %ig$t g!t att+a#t!

to,a+s t$! +!'igio0s !2t+!%ist o+gnisations Osa%a Bin La!n3 A0 S$!ik$ M

>$a'i3 ?aisa' S$a$@a3 Ai%an-A'-:,a$i+i an %an ot$!+s a+! !2a%"'!s

T$!+!&o+! !si!s "o*!+t a''!*iation an 40i#ia' +!&o+%s t$!+! is a s!+io0s n!!

to #$!#k t$! a#ti*iti!s on i&&!+!nt +!'igio0s o+gani@ations1%a+!ssa$s

Int!''ig!n#! ag!n#i!s against "ossi'! +!#+0it%!nt o& o0ng g!n!+ation Ea+'

,a+ning to "+!*!nt t$! t$+!at ,o0' "+o*! *ita' in t$is +!ga+

#ntin*ati#n # Ban #n S'cta"ian an! Mi%itant O*tits Ban on

s!#ta+ian an %i'itant o+ganisations s$o0' ! #ontin0! an a #ontin0o0s ,at#$

is a'so +!


28/45

R'#",s # Ma!"assahs As is#0ss! !a+'i!+3 st0!nts o& t$!s! %a+assa$s

a+! *0'n!+a'! to !#o%! t!++o+ists 0! to o*io0s +!asons Most i%"o+tant a+!

#ons!+*ati*! #0++i#0'0%3 in&'0!n#! o& i$ai an s!#ta+ian o+ganisations an

in#+!asing 0n!%"'o%!nt &o+ g+a0at!s o& %a+assa$s B+inging t$!s! instit0t!s

0n!+ %ain st+!a% !0#ation sst!%3 ,at#$&0' a""+oa#$ to,a+s t$! s''a0s o&

t$!s! %a+assa$s3 st+i#t an on i$ai an s!#ta+ian o+ganisations an

a++ang!%!nt o& t!#$ni#a' t+aining &o+ %a+assa$s st0!nts1 g+a0at!s %a ! a

&!, st!"s A +a&t o+inan#! ,it$ +!s"!#t to Ma+!ssa$s is "+o"os! at

A$$'n!i+-5I

28


29/45

ATER 5

ONLUSION

R!'igio0s !2t+!%is% is a %0'ti&a+io0s iss0! in Pakistan T$! t!n!n# o&

%i'itan# in S0-Contin!nt M0s'i%s ,as a nat0+a' "$!no%!non 0! to B+itis$

o""+!ssion an so ,as its in$!+itan#! Pakistani M0s'i%s E2"'oiting +!'igion

B+itis$ in t$!i+ &a*o0+ an M0s'i% +!'igio0s s#$o'a+s/ 'a#k o& %o!+n !0#ation

#ont+i0t! to,a+s t$! s!'& int!+"+!t! Is'a% T$at *!+ ,+ong i%"+!ssion o&

Is'a% ,as #a++i! on an %a! t$! asis o& ,!ak %o+a' &a+i# o& #'!+i#s3

"o'iti#ians an %ass!s R!'igio0s %i'itan#3 s!#ta+ianis%3 t!++o+is% an ,+ong

0s! o& ,o+ .i$a/ ,as t$! #onn!#tion o& t$is ,+ong int!+"+!tation3 a0s! :ia

an #o%ing go*!+n%!nts

Post =155 !*!nts3 Mi'ita+ O"!+ations in ?ATA3 s0i#i! atta#ks an

!#ono%i# s'as$ ,o+s!n! t$! sit0ation %aking +!'igio0s !2t+!%is% a nig$t%a+!

&o+ "o"0'a#! an Go*!+n%!nt A't$o0g$ t$! U-t0+n "o'i# o& P+!si!nt M0s$a++a&

$as so%!$o, $a't! t$is "!+i'3 0t $as #on*!+s!' a&&!#t! o0+ '!giti%at! nationa'

stan#! on >as$%i+ an int!+na' s!#0+it sit0ation Ca+!&0' ,at#$ on +!'igio0s

o0t&its1%a+!ssa$s3 !'i%ination o& so#ia' !*i's3 !#ono%i# s0st!nan#! an 'ast o&

a''3 t$! nationa' ,i''3 #o0' ! t$! "at$ '!aing to s0##!ss in &ig$ting against

+!'igio0s !2t+!%is% in Pakistan

2%


30/45

AENDIX-I

E+c'"$ts "#, th' *nt'" R'$#"t---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

T2K T2%KK5


31/45

Musalman nations. It is ho"eless to loo$ for anything li$e enthusiasticloyalty from our Muhammadan sub%ects&3ut we can reasonably expect thatso long as we scrupulously discharge our obligations to them they will honestlyfulfil their duties in the position in which Aod has placed them to us.

The more acute among the M+ 9 9 H0nt!+ R!"o+t3 .T$! Inian M0sa'%ans/3 "0'is$! in 5685R!"+int in 5=F7 an 5=== Ca'#0tta P+!ss an Sang-!-M!!' P0'i#ationsLa$o+!3


32/45

AENDIX II

RELIGIOUS OUT3ITS IN AISTAN

'ect Political 'ectarian (ihadi Tableeghi Total ?eobandi * == ( = *)

3arelvi ) !! &= ! *=

/hle 2adees * &> = = !>

Shia = &) = & !=

CI = 8 * 9 &*

Total )* +) ,-* ). )/0

RO3ILES O3 RELIGIOUS ARTIES

$rofiles of maor political@ ihadi@ sectarian organiGations is given in

ensuing paragraphs

POLITI1AL PARTIE'

(ama2at3e3Islami 4(I5. CI came into being on !) /ugust &'*& and was

founded by Maulana /bdul /0ala Maudodi. /fter the creation of $akistan the

organisation really flourished and in &'(= it played a maor role in the Bhatam8e8

Dabuwat movement and the campaign against /yub Bhan. CI did not meet with

much success in the &'9> elections. In &'99 CI organiGed the DiGam8e8Mustafa

movement. CI oined the ;ia0s Malis8e8Shura# played a significant role in /fghan

war and participated in the &'4( non8party elections. $resently it is well8

organised religious and political party. ther than $akistan# CI also works in

India# 3angladesh and ccupied Bashmir# but the management there is

independent of $akistan. The circles working in the /rab Kmirates# Kurope and

/merica are under the CI $akistan. CI has a student wing which is known as

Islami Camiat8e8Tulaba. This student wing is active in different schools and

colleges of $akistan. It has also a wing for female students known as Islami

Camiat8e8Talibat.

32


33/45

(amiat 6lema3e3Islam. Camiat lema8e8Islam 6CI7 grew out of the

Camiat lema8e82ind. Maulana Shabir /hmed smani laid the foundation of the

party in the country after $akistan came into being# in &'(!. $resently this partyhas been divided in three factions

(amiat 6lema3e3Pa$istan 4(6P5.C$ is a political organisation and was

created in &'*4. Syed Mohammad Daeemuddin Muradabadi was first DaGim8e8

/0ala. /ll India Sunni +onference had supported the creation of $akistan and for

this reason it was given the name of C$. This was probably the only religious

party which supported the creation of $akistan.

'E1TARIA7 OR8A7I'ATIO7'

Tehri$ 7ifa9 :i#ah3e3(afaria 4T7:(5. The Tehrik came into being in &'9' in

response to implementation of ;akat@ shar rdinance. Mufti Cafer 2ussain was

its founder. The Iranian revolution was the maor event which made the TD5C a

viable pressure group in $akistan. Initially this party was not active in sectarian

matters but after the death of Mufti Caffer 2ussain# militancy in the party

increased. nce Said /li Da1vi succeeded as the president# he renamed the

party as Tehreek8i8Cafria $akistan 6TC$7 in &''=. Though this organisation has

been banned since &! Canuary !>>! but functioning under the new name of

Millat8e8Cafferia.

'i"ah3e3'ahaba Pa$istan 4''P5. Sipah8e8Sahaba $akistan# the

largest ?eobandi organiGation in the country came into being in September#

&'4*. Its founder is Maulana 2a1 DawaG Changvi. There are mainly three

reasons based on which SS$ was established. 5irst to counter the Tehreek8e8

DifaG8e85i1ah Cafferia# second to oppose the feudalism in Chang where maority

of feudal is Shia and third reason was to counter $$$ in $unab 6Motive of ;ia7.

$resent government has banned it since &* /ugust !>>&.

33


34/45

Lash$are (hangvi 4Le(5. !.

'i"ah3e3Muhammad Pa$istan 4'MP5. In &''*# at a place called Thokar

DiaG 3aig in > by Maulana Masood /Ghar. Thereafter it became an important

Cihadi organiGation of ?eobandi sect. It was banned on &! Canuary !>>! but still

operating with a new name /l 5ur1an.

Har$atual Mu%ahdeen. 2arkatual Muahdeen 62M7 emerged as an

offshoot of 2arkatul Cihadual Islami in &'4*. The new organiGation was created

by Maulana 5aGlur %ehman Bhalil# Maulana Muhammad Masood /lvi and

Saifullah Shaukat. 2M is an important ?eobandi Cihadi organiGation and was

banned by S in ctober !>>&. It is considered largest organiGation in terms of

its militant activities in Bashmir and /fghanistan. The greatest accusation

against 2M is that it has close contacts with sama bin


35/45

Har$atul (ehadul Islami. Mualana Irshad /hmed created 2arkatul

Cehadul Islami in &'9'. Fhen the Soviet troops entered /fghanistan Maulana

Irshad /hmed led the first delegation of religious scholars from DF5$ to that

country to participate in the war. There these scholars took military training and

later were instrumental in providing manpower from $akistan and obtaining

religious decrees in favour of Cihad. This organiGation has a structure similar to

that of 2iGbual Muahdeen and


36/45

AENDIX III

SOURES O3 MANO=ER 3OR IADI ORGANISATIONS

Organisatio

n

'ect 'ources of man"oer

CaisheMohammad

?eobandi

Schools# colleges and religious madrassahs.

2arkatualMuahdeen

?eobandi

%eligious madrassahs# obless people# Schools andcolleges

2arkatulCehadulIslami.

?eobandi

%eligious madrassahs# Cobless people andforeigners


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AENDIX I5

SETARIAN BRUTALITY IN AISTAN 1696 2012

!

&''> !9* =! =!4

&''& &4> *9 !)=

&''! &=( (4 !)&

&''= '> =' !*9

&''* &)! 9= =!)

&''( 44 (' &4'

&'') 4> 4) &)4

&''9 &>= &'= !&'

&''4 &44 &(9 !=&

&''' &>= 4) &4'

!>>> &>' &*' D/

!>>& &(* !)& *'(

!>>! )= &!& !(9

!>>= !! &>! &>=

!>>* &' &49 )&'

!>>( )! &)> =(*

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!>>9 =*& **& )=>

!>>4 '9 =>) (>(

!>>' &>) &'> ='4

!>&> (9 (>' &&9>

!>&& => !>= !'9

!>&! &4 4( 94

Total )=+. /0./ 000+

Source: 5igures are compiled from news reports and are provisional

!9

5ebruary ( *( (&

TOTAL ,+ += 0+

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Source: 5igures are compiled from news reports and are provisional.

S#*"c's>

Data &+o% 5=6= - is as! on t$! ook3 A to : o& i$ai O+ganisation inPakistan M0$a%%a A%i+ >$an (La$o+! Mas$a' Books3 F)

Data &+o% 5=6=- 8 is as! on So0t$ Asia Int!''ig!n#! R!*i!, So0t$ AsiaT!++o+is% Po+ta' Yata as! on 'in!Z a*ai'a'! ,it$ 9o+' 9i! 9! [$tt"11,,,sat"o+g1sat"o+gt"1#o0nt+i!s1"akistan1ataas!1s!#t-ki''ing$t% Y#it!on F D!#!%!+ 5Z

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AENDIX 5

E33ETI5ENESS O3 AISTANI LEAs IN 2011

As "!+ S!#0+it R!"o+t o& 55 Pakistan Instit0t! &o+ P!a#! St0i!s

(PIPS)3-The last half of the year !>&& was a period of comparative peace in$akistan in terms of internal armed conflict# acts of terrorism and the conse1uentcasualties. / decrease in the number of suicide attacks and drone strikes werethe maor contributing factors. /lthough the security situation is slowly improvingas violence has decreased !* percent in the last two years# $akistan is stillamong the most volatile regions in the world.-

Ao0t t$! o*!+a'' !#+!as! in t!++o+ a#ti*iti!s an in t0+n !&&!#ti*!n!ss o& La,En&o+#!%!nt Ag!n#i!s (LEAs) it ana's!sThe trend of an overall decrease inthe number of violent incidents and casualties in $akistan that was witnessed in!>&> continued in !>&&. / total of !#'4( violent incidents# were reported in !>&compared to =#='= in !>&> and =#4&) in !>>'# a decrease of &! percent and !!

percent# respectively. Similarly# the overall casualties in violent incidents alsowent down# from &>#>>= fatalities in !>&> to 9#&>9 in !>& representing adecrease of !' percent. The number of people inured in these attacks alsodeclined from &>#!4= in !>&> to )#9=) in !>& a decrease of about =* percent.-

An o*!+a'' #o%"a+ison o& t$! t!++o+ atta#ks in Pakistan &+o% 6-55s0stantiat! t$! &a#t a##o+ing to PIPS +!"o+t

So0+#! Pakistan S!#0+it R!"o+t 55 PIPS " 7-K

3%


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AENDIX 5I

DRA3T ORDINANE 3OR MADRESSAS

Two parallel systems of education existed in Islamic %epublic of $akistan

i.e. general education# imparted through educational institutions# colleges anduniversities and religious education being given in ?eeni Madrassahs in privatesector. ?espite the fact that both the systems of education were renderingvaluable social services in the uplift of the country# a wide gulf existed betweenthese systems.

/t the time of its creation# $akistan inherited a modest network of ?eeniMadrassahs from grand Madrassahs established in nited India. /s educationsector remained neglected# religious institutions lost state patronage and wereleft wholly to the generosity of private sector. /bsence of state patronage acutelynarrowed employment opportunities for young lema# causing resultant

frustration and despair.

To bridge the existing gulf between the formal education and ?eeniMadrassahs system an rdinance called ,The $akistan Madrassah Kducation6Kstablishment and /ffiliation of Model ?eeni Madrassahs7 3oard rdinance#!>>&- was promulgated# whereby a $akistan Madrassah Kducation 3oard wasestablished. The board established three Model ?eeni Madrassahs# two atBarachi and Sukhar each for boys and one at Islamabad for girls.

Fhile promulgating the rdinance it was also envisaged that the activitiesand functioning of Madrassahs may be regulated through an independentenactment providing for their registration. 2owever# Fafa1s@TanGimaat8e8Madrassahs were not inclined to do so# as it was feared to affect their autonomy.

/fter consultation with the lttehad TanGeemaat8e8Madrassahs8e8?eenya ina number of meetings# the Aovernment promulgated an rdinance by amendingthe Societies %egistration /ct# of &4)> on &4th /ugust !>>( by adding newSection after Section !> of the /ct. Salient features of the amended rdinanceare as under:8

a. /ll ?eeni Madrassahs by whatsoever name called shall not beestablished or operate without being registered under this /ct and shall besubect to the provision of this /ct in addition to what is provided in sub8sections 6!7# 6=7 and 6*7.

b. Kvery ?eeni Madrassahs shall submit annual report of its activitiesand performance to the %egistrar.

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c. Kvery registered ?eeni Madrassahs shall maintain account of itsactual expenses and receipts and annually submit its report to the%egistrar. The ?eeni Madrassahs shall ask to carry out audit of itsaccounts by an /uditor and submit its audited accounts to the %egistrar.

d. Do ?eeni Madrassahs shall teach or publish any literature whichpromotes militancy or spreads sectarianism or religious hatred.

?espite the fact that the above rdinance was promulgated inconsultation with Ittehad TanGeemaat8e8Madrassahs8e8?eenya# certainreservations were expressed by prominent religious leaders. In order to resolvethe issue# Minister for %eligious /ffairs negotiated with the delegation of IttehadTanGeemaat8e8Madrassahs8e8?eenya and finally certain amendments wereagreed upon# to be incorporated in the said rdinance. The amendments so

agreed were minor in nature and of no material conse1uenceL therefore secondamendment was made in the rdinance# promulgated in ?ecember# !>>(explicitly defining the Aovernment role as a %egulatory /uthority. Salient featuresof this rdinance are as under:8

a. /ll ?eeni Madrassahs by whatsoever name called shall not operatewithout getting themselves registered as under# namely:8

6&7 The ?eeni Madrassahs existing before the commencementof the Societies %egistration 6Second /mendment7 rdinance#!>>( if not already registered# shall get themselves registeredunder this /ct up to =&st ?ecember# !>>(.

6!7 The ?eeni Madrassahs which are established after thecommencement of the Societies %egistration 6Second /mendment7rdinance# !>>(# shall get themselves registered within one year oftheir establishment.

6=7 ne ?eeni Maddrassah having more than one campus shallneed only one registration.

6*7 Kvery ?eeni Maddrassah shall submit annual report of itseducational activities and performance to the %egistrar.

6(7 Kvery ?eeni Maddrassah shall cause to be carried out auditof its accounts by an /uditor and submit its audited accounts to the%egister.

b. Do ?eeni Maddrassah shall teach or publish any literature whichpromotes militancy or spreads sectarianism or hatred.6$rovided that

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nothing contained herein shall bar the comparative study of variousreligious or school of thought or the study of any other subect covered bythe 2oly uran# Sunnah or the Islamic Curisprudence7.

S#*"c' Lt C+ A%i+ A0 PN3 R!'igio0s !2t+!%is% an Pakistan - C+iti#a'

Ana'sis an P+o"os! St+at!g to Co0nt!+3 (8t$

PN9C IRP 8 6) "gF-F

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BIBLIOGRAY

BOOS

Aas3 Hassan3 Pakistan/s D+i&t into E2t+!%is%3 N!, o+k An East Gat! Book37

Aasi3 M U%a+ Ria@3 Po'iti#s in Is'a%3 7

A$%!+3 Monis3 Con&'i#t R!so'0tion3 >a+a#$i Uni*!+sit o& >a+a#$i3 7

Co$!n3 St!"$!n P$i'i"3 T$! I!a o& Pakistan3 La$o+! Jang0a+ Books3 7

G+i&&in3 Mi#$a!' R!a"ing t$! 9$i+',in3 T$! Ta'ian Mo*!%!nt in A&g$anistan3Lonon P'0to P+!ss3 5

Hasan3 A'i S! P+in#i"'!s o& Ma$o%%!an La,3 La$o+! M P+int!+s

a'a'@ai3 M0sa >$an T$! S0nni-S$ia #on&'i#t in Pakistan3 La$o+!3 S$i+kat "+inting"+!ss3 5==6

Man0a' o& :akat an Us$a+ La,s in Pakistan3 La$o+! Man@oo+ La, Ho0s!

M0ni+3 M0$a%%a3 ?+o% inna$ to :ia3 La$o+! Jan G0a+ Books3 5=8=

Ma00i3 S A0' A/'a3 Is'a%i# La, an Constit0tion3 La$o+! Is'a%i#P0'i#ations3 5==

Q00s3 S! A0'3 Pakistan to,a+s an Is'a%i# D!stin3 La$o+! ?!+o@! Sons35=6K

Rana3 M0$a%%a A%i+3 A to : !$ai O+ganisations in Pakistan3 La$o+!MASHAL3 F

Ri@*i Aska+i Hassan3 T$! Mi'ita+ Po'iti#s in Pakistan 5=F8-5==8 3 La$o+!Sang-!-M!!' P0'i#ation3

S$a$+0k$ Ra&i >$an3 7 !a+s o& Pakistan/s E#ono%3 O2&o+ Uni*!+sit "+!ss35===

J H !o&&+!3 I


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Hassan ?a+oo


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religious extremism in pakistan. reasons

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