religious institution

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SPIRITUALITY, RELIGION & SPIRITUALITY, RELIGION & SUPERNATURALSUPERNATURAL

RELIGION RELIGION A social institution that answers questions and explains the seemingly inexplicable. Religion provides explanations for why

things happen and demystifies the ideas of birth and death. Religions based on the belief in a single deity are MONOTHEISTIC.

Those that encompass many deities are POLYTHEISTIC.

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UNITING TRADITIONSUNITING TRADITIONSWhen families attend religious services

or put up decorations in honor of a holiday, they are teaching their children about their religion and how to observe it. By engaging in these activities and

traditions, children are united with others of the same religion around the world. In this way, families teach their

own culture as well as the culture of the society at large.

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I.I. RELIGIONRELIGION- an organized system of ideas about the spiritual sphere or the supernatural, along with associated ceremonial practices by which people try to interpret or influence aspects of the universe otherwise beyond their control.

• ELEMENTS OF RELIGION BELIEFS-a feeling of being sure that

someone or something exist RITUALS-a formal ceremony that is

always performed in the same way CHURCH-a public divine worship

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•TYPES OF RELIGIOUS GROUPS

A CHURCH is a religious group integrated with society.A SECT is a religious group that sets itself apart from society as a whole.A CULT is a religious group that is outside standard cultural norms, typically centeredaround a charismatic leader.

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• SPIRITUALITY- concerns with the sacred, as distinguished from material matters. Spirituality is often individual rather than collective and does not require a distinctive format or traditional organization.

• RELIGIOUS PRACTICE- participation in religious ceremonies may bring a sense of personal lift- wave of assurance, an emotion being overpowered by joy, having a peace of mind.

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II. SUPERNATURAL BEINGS AND POWERII. SUPERNATURAL BEINGS AND POWER• GODS AND GODESSES- great and

remote beings who control the universe.

Example: Zeus (Greek)- god of the sky Neptune (Roman)- god of the sea Amihan (Philippines)- goddess of wind Erishkagal (Mesopotamia)- goddess of

the underworldThe Greek Gods.mp4

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• ANCESTAL SPIRITS- belief in ancestral spirits is consistent with the wide spread notion that human beings are made up of two closely intertwined partners: Physical body and spirit self. The spirits retain an active interests and even membership in a society.

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• ANIMISM- belief that nature is enlivened or energized by distinct personalized spirit beings separable from bodies. Spirits or souls are believed to dwell in humans and animals (even in stones, mountains, and sun) spirits are considered part of the nature rather than being superior.

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• ANIMATISM- belief that nature is enlivened or energized by an impersonal spiritual power or supernatural potency.

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III. RELIGIOUS SPECIALISTISTS- III. RELIGIOUS SPECIALISTISTS- individuals who guide and supplement the religious practices. They are highly skilled people utilizing supernatural forces. They undergo special training to perform their tasks.

• PRIEST AND PRIESTESS- full time religious specialists formally reognized for their skills in guiding the religious practices of others and for contacting and influencing supernatural forces. Example: priest, minister, imam, rabbi

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PRIEST

MINISTER

RABBI

IMAM

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• SHAMANS- a person who enters an altered state of conciousness to contact and utilize an ordinarily hidden reality in order to acquire knowledge, power and help others.

Example: Traditional Healers

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IV. RITUALS AND CEREMONIESIV. RITUALS AND CEREMONIESReligious rituals are the ways which people relate to the supernaturals. Rituals serve to relieve social tensions and reinforce group solidarity. They even lessen the social disruption and individual suffering like crisis or death.

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V. MAJOR WORLD RELIGIONSMAJOR WORLD RELIGIONSMost of the world subscribes to one of the following religions:• CHRISTIANITY: The

most widespread world religion, Christianity derived from Judaism. It is based on the belief that Jesus Christ was the son of God and the redeemer of mankind.

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• ISLAM: Followers of Islam are called Muslims. Muslims believe that the true word of God was revealed to the prophet Muhammad around 570 A.D. God in Islam is the same god as the Christian and Judaic deity.

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• JUDAISM: Judaism is a monotheistic religion that predates Christianity, built on the belief that they are the “chosen people” of God.

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•HINDUISM: The oldest major world religion, dominant in India. Hindus do not worship a single person or deity but rather are guided by a set of ancient cultural beliefs. They believe in the principle of karma, which is the wisdom or health of one’s eternal soul.

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SPIRITUALITY, RELIGION & SPIRITUALITY, RELIGION & SUPERNATURALSUPERNATURAL• BUDDHISM: follow the

teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, a spiritual teacher of the sixth century B.C.E.Buddhism, does not feature any single all-powerful deity but teaches that by eschewing materialism, one can transcend the “illusion” of life and achieve enlightenment.

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SOURCES: SIOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGYDr. Zenaida Q. Reyes, Dr. Diony V. Varela

and Prof. Arthur S. Abulencia http://sparkcharts.sparknotes.com/ge

nsci/sociology/section9.php www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJCm8W

5RZes Merriam-Webster DictionaryPrepared by: J-anne Paula C. Dacusin


http://sparkcharts.sparknotes.com/gensci/sociology/section9.php

http://sparkcharts.sparknotes.com/gensci/sociology/section9.php

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJCm8W5RZes

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJCm8W5RZes

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