Reminders

April 4th – Matsuda DUE April 9th – Exam #2

U.S. Foreign Affairs, Progressivism, WWI, 1920s

Study guide online April 25 – Moody DUE May 9th – FINAL study group – 415-??? May 16th – 7-9pm (Great Depression to

Current)

A NEW ERA: THE TWENTIES

HIST 202 - HESEN

“The War to End All Wars” WWI ends

November 11, 1918 Wilson’s Plans for

Peace:Fourteen PointsLeague of Nations

○ Irreconcilables○ Reservationists

Wilson’s Plans for Peace Treaty of Versailles

Big Four○ U.S. (Wilson)○ Great Britain (David

Lloyd George)○ France (Georges

Clemenceau)○ Italy (Vittorio Orlando)

○ NO RUSSIA!!!!

Postwar Problems Postwar

Red Scare○ A. Mitchell Palmer○ “Palmer Raids”

Strikes of 1919○ Boston Police Strike

(MA)○ Calvin Coolidge

Tulsa Race Riot (1921)○ Dick Rowland

Return to Normalcy Republican Control

Wilson diesRepublicans rule the

1920s○ Warren G. Harding

“Normalcy”

○ Calvin Coolidge○ Herbert Hoover

○ Focus is on business – “The business of American is business”

Warren G. Harding Won Election of

1920 Former newspaper

editor from OhioPracticed patronage“Ohio Gang”Teapot Dome ScandalPardoned Eugene V.

Debs

Domestic Policies Reduction of income

tax Established Bureau

of the Budget Centralized federal

budget Increase in tariff

ratesFordney-McCumber

Tariff (1922)

Harding’s Death Harding

administration was fraught with scandal

He was at the center of the problems

White House – promiscuity

Died unexpectedly in August 1923

Calvin Coolidge Becomes president

after Harding dies Election of 1924

Calvin Coolidge (R)John Davis (D)Robert Lafollette (P)

Coolidge’s Vetoes and Inaction

Believed in limited government

Laissez-faire Focused on the

budget Vetoed bills that

offered bonuses to WWI vets

Vetoed McNary-Haugen Bill (1928) – refused to help farmers

Election of 1928 Coolidge declined to

run for president again

Tickets:Herbert Hoover (R)Alfred E. Smith (D)

Americans went with the Republicans because of PROSPERITY

Mixed Economic Development

Causes for prosperityIncreased productivityEnergy technologiesGovernment policies

Problems:Labor

○ Open shopFarmers

A New Culture Consumerism

People bought goods….even if they didn’t need them

Gender RolesFlappers

ReligionRevivalism – Aimee

Semple McPherson

Cultures in Conflict Fundamentalism

John Scopes TrialEvolution vs.

Scripture

Prohibition18th AmendmentVolstead ActSale, distribution,

manufacture of “intoxicating liquors”

Cultures in Conflict Nativism/

XenophobiaQuota Law (1921)Eastern Europeans

and AsiansNicola Sacco and

Bartolomeo Vanzetti Ku Klux Klan

Political organizationExecutions

War Debts and Reparations War-guilt clause

(1918) Blame Germany for

WWI Owes $30 billion to

Allied Powers (GB and France)

Dawes Plan (1924)○ U.S. lends money to

Germany to pay back Great Britain and France

○ Leads ultimately to the Great Depression

Foreign Policy Disarmament and

PeaceWashington

Conference (1921)○ Major powers agreed

to dismantle NavyKellogg-Briand Pact

○ Countries should not use aggressive force to achieve national means