1

Renaissance and Reformation

Chapter 12

Unit Goal: SWBAT explain the difference between this time period

and the Middle Ages.

2

Chapter 12 Bell Work***ALWAYS write the date and BR number!***

BW #1 – What things are you required to study in school? You probably don’t love all of them. Why do you have to study things you don’t like or aren’t good at? How can studying a variety of things be positive?

• SECTION 1, SWBAT:

• explain the importance of the three characteristics of the Renaissance;

• theorize the impact Machiavelli’s had on the Renaissance;

• describe the three estates of the Renaissance.

• Renaissance – rebirth

• 1350-1550

• What are the three characteristics of the Renaissance?

• 1) powerful city-stated drove the world to a more secular viewpoint

• 2) recovery from 14th century disasters and renewal in ancient cultures; affected both politics and art

• 3) emphasis on the individual (Renaissance Man)

• Wealthy upper class (small %) embraced this

• Lower class was indirectly impacted through the art and architecture.

MAKE A CHART! (yes, right now; put this with your BW work, #2)

• Using a chart like the one below, explain how the three characteristics of the Renaissance differed from characteristics during Medieval times.

Medieval Times Renaissance

• Nobility

• Peasants

• Townspeople

BW #3

•What issues were nobles facing at the end of the Middle Ages?

•What kinds of traits do our role models possess?

•Why would a strong family bond be so important?

*

• No centralized state, independent city-states

• Flourished on trade

• 1) Milan – Visconti family ruled

• Sforza family took over after; mercenaries

• 2) Venice – republic w/elected Doge

• Run by oligarchy of wealthy merchants

• 3) Florence – Medici family

• Priest Savonarola condemned Medici’s, gained control of the city; sentenced to death b/c of heresy, Medici’s returned to power

Medicifamily crest

• Wealth of city states drew attention from European monarchs

• Charles VIII(FR) attacked in 1494

• Italy turned to Spain for help

• 1527 – Sack of Rome; Spanish soldiers pillaged Rome for lack of pay

Charles VIII (FR)

Charles I (SP)

• Machiavelli

• The Prince, how to acquire & keep political power

• Rejected ethical/Christian approach

• Focused on self-centered human nature

FIND A PARTNER! (yes, right now, and make sure your BW stuff is out,

#4)

I will give you a sheet of different sayings by Machiavelli. You and your partner will choose THREE sayings and you will make them more “modern” (but you still have to use appropriate school language). Write down the Machiavelli saying and then write down your version in your BR section.

• 3 estates (social classes)

• 1) Nobility – were 2-3%

of population,

controlled most things

• Book of Courtier , by

Castiglione– how noble should act

• born, not made

• had to be a warrior & be educated/artistic

• code of conduct (no bragging)

• 2) Peasants & Townspeople

• P were 90% of pop.

• Serfdom ↓

• TP were more diverse

than in Middle Ages

�Patricians ($ from

trade, banking; dominate)

�Burghers (shopkeepers, artisans, guilds)

�Workers & unemployed (very poor)

Peasant ↑

• 3) clergy (will cover in sections 2 & 3)

• Marriages were often arranged and dowrywas very important

• Children did not reach adulthood until the father formally freed them in front of a judge

Bell Work #5

We talked about what classes you take in school and why they are important, but are there subjects in school that you think SHOULD be mandatory, but aren’t? What

are they? Why are they so important? Why aren’t they taught?

NSection 2, SWBAT:

• conclude the importance of humanism on the Renaissance and the modern world;

• identify some of the key artists/art pieces of the Renaissance.

• Humanism – study based on the works of Greek and Roman classics (grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history)

• Petrarch – father of Humanism

�Believed humanists should be secluded

�Later humanists

believed they should

be in service of the state

• Latin was the learned language, but vernacular gained popularity

• Dante – Divine Comedy (@10)

• Chaucer – Canterbury Tales

• Christine de Pizan – female

author

• Education

• Emphasized liberal arts – (same subjects has Humanism) & physical education

• Goal was to create complete citizens

QUICK! WRITE DOWN YOUR SCHEDULE! (yes, right now, in your

BW section - #6!)

1) Rank the importance of the classes you take BASED ON HUMANISM. Are there classes that, according to humanism, you should be taking? Would you have to get rid of a class or two, extend your school day, etc., to fit everything in?

• ART IN RENAISSANCE ITALY

• Middle Ages – stressed church and religion

• Renaissance –stressed nature and reality

• Secular humanism

• How do you tell the styles apart?

• - Tempera –v- oil paint

• - Hieratic scale, halos

• - Accurate perspective

• - Use of ordinary people, “heaven” came to earth

• N. Europe –v- S. Europe art

• S – large spaces & walls

• N – books, wooden panels for altar pieces

Renaissance

ArtMadonna and Child in Glory,

Jacopo du Cione,

http://www.renaissanceconnectio

n.org/popup_madonnaGold.php

Miraculous Mass of St.

Martin of Tours, Franconian,

http://www.renaissanceconne

ction.org/lesson_social_huma

nism.html

Madonna and Child with St.

John,

Giuliano Bugiardini,

http://www.renaissanceconnectio

n.org/lesson_social_humanism.ht

ml

Adoration of the

Shepherds,

Giovanni Agostono

Da Lodi

http://www.renaissan

ceconnection.org/inn

ovations_art.html

Adoration of the

Magi,

Kress Monogamists

http://www.renaissa

nceconnection.org/a

dorationMagi2.php

Bean Eater, Annibale

Carracci,

http://www.artble.com/

artists/annibale_carrac

ci/paintings/the_bean_

eater

Bell Work #7

•What art piece that we look at was your favorite? Why?

•Which was your least favorite?

Why?

*

• Section 3 SWBAT:

• Defend or refute the reasons for countries/heads of state leaving the Catholic church after the reformation.

• PROTESTANT REFORMATION

• -spurred by Christian Humanism

• believed Christians could reason & improve selves

• stressed reading classics, esp. Christian works

• wanted to reform Catholic Church

Erasmus

Luther

• Erasmus; spoke of the “philosophy of Christ”

• Believed people could show others how to live not just give the rules to follow

• Stressed personal religious

feeling over public ritual

• The Praise of Folly, 1509; humorously criticized those in need of reform

• Did not want to break from church,

only reform

• “Erasmus laid the egg that

Luther hatched”

• Why reform?

• “Renaissance Popes” failed to meet churches needs, focused on worldly things

• Other church officials used offerings to further their careers

• Parish priests did not offer advice or instruction in religion

• To gain salvation, wealthy people collected relics; veneration of these could gain indulgences

• Church began selling indulgences

• Martin Luther; monk, professor in Germany

• Through biblical study, came to believe that humans could be saved through faith alone –called justification by faith alone

• 10/13/1517 – sent 95 Theses (grievances) to church superiors; not taken seriously

• Wanted reform only

• 1520 - began to call for German princes to break from church and found a reformed church

• Kept 2 sacraments – baptism & Eucharist

• Let clergy marry

• January 1521 – Luther excommunicated

• Summoned to stand before HRE, refused

• Edict of Worms made him an outlaw; was protected by German princes

• Lutheranism became a revolution in N. Europe

• 1524 – peasants revolted against their lords & looked to Luther for support; he felt state & rulers were called by God to maintain peace

• German religious reformed was tied to politics

• Charles V (HRE) ruled a large and varied land; wanted to keep family in power & remain Catholic, but…

• Faced issues w/France

• Pope began siding w/France

• Ottoman Turks invading E. Empire

• German princes were siding w/Luther

• Peace of Augsburg, 1555 – German states could choose faith (Not individual freedom, but of one state)

BW #8

You will read a short profile on Luther and a short

profile on Johannes Gutenberg. On a separate

sheet of paper, you then should:

1)Answer the first two questions on each paper;2) Give me two similarities and two differences

these two men had;3) Tell me who, in your opinion, had the more

lasting effect on our world and why you feel that

way.

This will be looked over tomorrow and then added

to your bell work paper/notes sheet.

BW #9

Write a letter to a head of state, defending your opinion on staying with or leaving the Catholic Church. Your reasons must be valid and intelligent. Since this is a letter, it should start with “Dear (king or queen of a country), contain complete sentences, and

end with “Your humble servant, (your name).

• Section 4, SWBAT:

• List the forms of Protestantism that emerged in Europe;

• List the changes the Catholic church made after the Protestant Reformation, specifically focusing on:

• The Jesuits

• The papacy

• The council of Trent

• Ideal of Christian unity was forever lost w/Peace of Augsburg

• Different divisions:

• 1) Zwinglian Reformation

• 2) Calvinism

• 3) English Reformation

• 4) Anabaptists (Amish!)

• ZWINGLIAN REFORMATION

• Ulrich Zwingli – priest in Zurich

• Abolished relics, removed painting

& decorations from churches

• Services were scripture reading

and prayer

• Wanted to ally w/Luther but could not agree on certain areas

• 10/1531 – war btwn Cath & Prot states in Switzerland; Zwingli wounded then killed

• CALVINISM

• John Calvin – France; left

b/c he was Protestant

• Agreed w/Luther but believed in predestination – God had already determined who would be saved and who would be damned

• Geneva – created theocracy; had a body that enforced moral discipline (no singing, dancing, swearing, playing cards)

• Replaced Lutheranism as leading protestant branch

• ANGLICAN

• King Henry VIII wanted to divorce Catherine (had a daughter, Mary, no son)

• Pope would not grant it b/c he was related to Catherine

• Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer annulled marriage, Henry married Anne & had daughter (will be Elizabeth I)

• Henry VIII video

• 1534 – parliament moved to completely break from Catholic church, called Act of Supremacy

• King was head of church (Sir Thomas Moore opposed this and was beheaded)

• Henry dissolved monasteries and sold land to wealthy nobles

• After he died, 9 y.o. Edward took over and Anglican church moved farther from Catholic church

• Rapid changed did not settle w/people

• After Edward died (young), “Bloody” Mary, a devout Catholic, took over and tried to switch England back (but that will be another chapter…)

• Anabaptists

• Disliked and distrusted the state

• Other religions agreed they

DIDN’T like them!

• Believed church was a voluntary community of adult believers

who had been baptized• No infant baptism

• All believers equal

• Any member could be a minister (mostly men)

• Complete separation of church and state

• Would not hold political office OR bear arms

• CATHOLIC REFORMATION

• 1500’s, supported by Jesuits, papacy reform, Council of Trent

• Jesuits

• Founded by Ignatius of Loyola

• Absolutely loyal to the pope; used education w/missionaries to spread word

←Ign.

Of

Loyola

Council Of

Trent→

• Reform of Papacy

• 1537 - Pope Paul III ordered Reform Commission to study church ills

• Council of Trent – met off and on for 18 years

• Reaffirmed faith AND good works necessary for salvation

• 7 sacraments all upheld

• Strengthened belief in purgatory & indulgences

• Forbid selling of indulgences

BW #10

You will create a political cartoon! See the instruction sheet for “how to”.This is INDIVIDUAL.This will be due on 2/4 (next Tuesday).

Work Cited• Glencoe World History

• http://www.miklianmaps.com/blog/tag/old-ancient-italy-augustus-map/

• http://www.virtuousplanet.com/coatsofarms/p00000000000000897824

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_VIII_de_france.jpg

• http://life.time.com/

• http://www.entreprenant.us/2011/01/26/book-review-the-prince-by-niccolo-machiavelli/

• http://manlyreads.com/tag/the-prince/

• http://emc.eserver.org/1-7/beier.html

• http://www.gutenberg.org/files/10940/10940-h/10940-h.htm

• http://www.crrs.ca/events/conferences/marriage/index.htm

• http://blog.magnificatbaroque.com/2011/08/07/monteverdis-setting-of-petrarchs-sonnet-hor-chel-ciel-e-la-terra/

• http://www.nndb.com/people/835/000107514/

• http://www.martinsville.k12.va.us/mhs/gdean/worldIpractice2.htm

• http://www.cafebabel.co.uk/article/29926/erasmus-programme-less-popular-finance-eurodyssey.html

• http://www.iconsofinsight.com/

• http://www.annexgalleries.com/inventory/detail/3068/Fritz-Eichenberg/Dame-Folly-Speaks-from-In-Praise-of-Folly-Portfolio-of-10-woodcuts

• http://www.confessionalsbytes.com/2011_11_01_archive.html

• http://www.etsy.com/listing/9937358/catholic-relics-pendants-and-medals-holy

• http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-6364039/stock-vector-illustration-of-martin-luther-s-theses-posted-on-the-door-of-wittenberg-church-focuses-on-the.html

• http://www.xtimeline.com/evt/view.aspx?id=365686

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheranism

• http://www.fresno.k12.ca.us/divdept/sscience/lloyd/wars_of_religion.htm

• http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=pv&GRid=41850838

• http://eyeonapologetics.com/blog/?attachment_id=2406

• http://www.dropbears.com/h/history/mary_first_of_england.htm

• https://www.facebook.com/pages/Anabaptists-Now/133345173352263

• http://gal.darkervision.com/2011/02/17/a-small-snip-for-man-or-a-million-calvins-banging-their-drums-in-the-dead-of-night/

• http://www.free-photos.biz/photographs/consumer_products/clothes/240383_edouard_vi_tudor.php

• http://www.christian-history.org/anabaptists.html

• http://www.discerninghearts.com/?page_id=1306

• http://whoislikeuntogod.com/category/catholic-church/council-of-trent/