renaissance, reformation, & exploration

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Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

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Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration. New Age of Human Achievement Characteristics Renaissance = Rebirth 1300s – 1600s - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance, Reformation, &

Exploration

Page 2: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & ReformationNew Age of Human Achievement

Characteristics Renaissance = Rebirth 1300s – 1600s Assimilation of classical ideas of ancient Greece and of the Arabic world

Page 3: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & ReformationNew Age of Human Achievement

Came through ItalyVenice’s and the merchant Republics’ relationship with the Middle East

Scholars searching the libraries of the world for works of ancient Greece

Black Death encouraged secularism because of the Catholic Church’s inability to stop the disease

Page 4: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & ReformationNew Age of Human Achievement

Characteristics Individualism - moral, political, or social outlook that stresses human independence

Also increasing urban areas made these changes across society

Page 5: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & ReformationUrbanism

Italian City-States Milan – ruled by the Visconti dukes Venice – ruled by the merchants who elected a Doge

Florence – ruled by the De’ Medici family

Page 6: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & ReformationNew Age of Human Achievement Niccolò Machiavelli

Wrote The PrinceSaid that rulers should do things for

the sake of the stateOld writers stressed that rulers must

behave based on Christian morals

Page 7: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & Reformation Secular Humanism

humanist philosophy that upholds reason, ethics, and justice, and specifically rejects the supernatural and the spiritual as warrants of moral reflection and decision-making

a non-religious life stance focusing on the way human beings can lead good and happy lives

Page 8: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & Reformation Education

Many intellectuals wrote books and open schools based on their ideas

Liberal Studies They believed studying these liberal

arts let people reach their full potential

Page 9: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & ReformationMath and Science

Created the square root, and positive and negative numbers

Architecture brought new forms of engineering

Rediscovered astronomy and our heliocentric solar system Galileo was excommunicated by the church for writing that the earth revolved around the sun

Page 10: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & Reformation Renaissance Literature

Dante The Divine Comedy

William Shakespeare Wrote plays in comedic, historic, and

tragedy formsRomeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Julius Caesar

Page 11: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & ReformationMiguel de Cervantes

Wrote the comedic romance story of Don Quixote

Page 12: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & Reformation Rebirth of Art

Realistic style Developed by a fresco painter Painting becomes technical even

mathematical Investigation of movement and

human anatomy Human Nudes

Page 13: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & ReformationMasters of the High Renaissance

Leonardo da Vinci Realistic paintingDissected human bodies to see how nature worked

Raphael Perfected perspective

Michelangelo Sistine Chapel ceiling The David

Page 14: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & ReformationLeonardo da Vinci

Page 15: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & ReformationRaphael

Page 16: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & ReformationMichelangelo

Page 17: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & Reformation Northern Masters

Albrecht Dürer Ritter, Tod und Teufel

Page 18: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & Reformation

Jan van Eyck Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride

Page 19: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & ReformationProtestant Reformation “…I do not accept the authority of popes

and councils, for they have contradicted each other—my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and will not recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. Here I stand, I cannot do otherwise. God help me. Amen.”-Martin Luther

Page 20: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & Reformation Before Luther

Christian Humanism Goal: Reform the Catholic Church Combine reason and faith

Erasmus Belief: “the philosophy of Christ”

Live good lives, no need for salvation Internal religious validation

Page 21: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & ReformationThe Church Before Reformation

Popes failed the people spirituallyPopes gained military powerPopes more worried with moneySold indulgences (buying salvation to raise money for the Church)

Page 22: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & Reformation Martin Luther

Was a monk and professor in Wittenberg, Germany

Believed humans were not saved by good works But through faith in God alone Justification by Faith

Page 23: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & Reformation95 Theses

Luther was upset about the selling of indulgencesEspecially upset at Johann Tetzel

On Oct. 31, 1517, Luther nailed his 95 theses to the Church door in Wittenberg

Got help from the German princes Kept only two sacraments (communion

and baptism)

Page 24: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & Reformation– excommunicated–Was made an outlaw

by the Edict of Worms

–Went into hiding and his beliefs spread throughout N. Europe

– Lutheran Church began

Page 25: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & ReformationZwingli

Switzerland reformer; less elaborate church services and decorations; no relics

John Calvin Wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion Agreed on justification by faith But believed in predestination

Predetermination by God on who will go to Heaven and those who will go to Hell

Became stronger than Lutheranism

Page 26: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & Reformation Henry VIII

Split with the Catholic Church because the pope refused to annul one of his marriages

Created the Church of England Became the Anglican Church (Episcopal)

Page 27: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & ReformationAnabaptists

Did not like princes or kings having so much power in the church

Adult baptism not infantEach church chose its own leaderWere persecuted by Catholics and other

protestants alike

Page 28: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & ReformationCatholic Reformation

The Society of Jesus, Jesuits Started by Ignatius of Loyola Missionaries used education to

teach and spread Catholic doctrine Papal Reform

Stopped corruption of the past Council of Trent

Faith and good works needed for salvation Indulgences forbidden

Page 29: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & Reformation Results of the Protestant

ReformationReligious Conflicts throughout Europe

Thirty Year’s War between France and different kingdoms within the Holy Roman Empire (Germany) and a decades long civil war in France between the Huguenots and the Catholics that ended with the Edict of Nantes, declaring religious freedom except in Paris

Page 30: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration

Renaissance & ReformationChurch leaders reform the Catholic Church

Missionaries start to spread Catholicism more after renewed vigor from the Catholic Reformation

Northern Europe becomes largely ProtestantProtestant churches practice self-government

(except in England) The idea of federalism starts within these

churches and spreads to local governments Especially in Switzerland