renewable energy development and share in energy balances in central-east europe 1 renewable energy...
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Renewable energy – development and share in energy balances of
Central-East Europe
Bioenergy perspectives
Grzegorz Wiśniewski, Ewa Gańko
EC Baltic Renewable Energy Centre – Centre of Excellence
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
General assumptions of the presentation
Focus on biomass and new Member States
Focus on biomass feedstock, not bioenergy technologies
Focus on enlargement processes - bioenergy challenges and opportunities
Strenth and weekness of bioenergy
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Background – the role of bioenergy in the EU
Biogas
Residuals from
agriculture and forestry
Energy crops
Hydropower
Wind energy
Solar thermal collectors
Photovoltaics Geothermal
Most of the additional RES contribution (>107 Mtoe) will be supplied by biomass !
EU White Paper on RES – Additional contribution of RES, 1998 - 2010
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Structure of primary energy consumption in 2002
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Poland
Cze ch Re pub
Slovakia
Slovenia
Ma lta
Cyprus
Es tonia
Hunga ry
La tvia
Lithuania
Coal
Oil and oil products
Natural gas
Nuclear energy
Hygro energy
Others
Source: Reiche D, 2003, Handbook of Renewable Energies in the European Union II
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Renewable energy share in TPES, in 2001 [%]
COUNTRY RES (incl. LH) BIOMASS
Czech Rep. 2,4 2
Estonia 11 11
Hungary 2,1 2
Latvia 36 30
Lithuania 8,4 8
Poland 5,4 5
Slovak Rep. 4 2
Slovenia 12 7
REGION 7 5Source: IEA 2003
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Structure of RES use in 2001 [PJ]
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Cypru
s
Czech
Repub
Estonia
Hunga ry
La tvia
Lithuania
Malta
Poland
Slova
kia
Slove
nia
PJ
Hydro
Sola r
Geothe rma l
Wind
Biomas s
Source: Reiche D, 2003, Handbook of Renewable Energies in the European Union II
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Dynamic of bioenergy capacity in Poland
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1999 2000 2001 2002
Number
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Capacity
Number
Capcity
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1999 2000 2001 2002
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Liczba
MocStraw DH plants > 5MW
Wood DH plants > 5MW
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Land use
-
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
CZ CY EE HU LV LT MT PL SK SLO NMS EU-15
% o
f lan
d ar
ea
agricultural land exploitable forests
Source: FAOSTAT, 2002 & TBFRA, 2000
0,0
0,5 0,50,4
0,5
0,2
0,40,5
1,0
0,6
1,0
0,30,3
0,6
0,0
0,3
1,4
1,2
0,6
0,2
0,5
0,20,4
0,00
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
1,6
CY CZ EE HU LV LT MT PL SK SLO NMS EU15
ha p
er c
apita
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Residue biomass
10
Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Dedicated energy crops
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Energy crops potential
10,1 3,630,1
65,5
0
223,7
3,2 3,70
50100150200250
Czech
Rep
.
Estonia
Hungar
y
Latvi
a
Lithu
ania
Poland
Slovakia
Slovenia
PJ/
year
Energy crops potential
Based on set-aside and fallow land and av. enery crops yield 7-8 t DM/ha*yr
Based on FAO 2002
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Opportunities for energy crops
Poland
Czech RepubEstonia
Slovenia
Slovakia
HungaryLithuania
Latvia
CyprusMalta
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0,00 0,20 0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00 1,20
agricultural land/capita
fuel
s im
po
rt d
epen
den
cy
Source: FAO 2002; D. Reiche 2003
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
RES-E targets for 2010 EU Directive 2001/77/EC
1999/2000 2010
Cyprus 0 3 0,05 0,26 4,27 6
Czech Republic
2,34 61,7 3,8 5,66 70,7 8
Estonia 0,01 6,75 0,2 0,37 7,3 5,1
Hungary 0,22 28,3 0,7 1,71 47,4 3,6
Latvia 2,76 6,5 42,4 4,09 8,3 49,3
Lithuania 0,33 9,95 3,3 0,8 11,4 7
Malta 0 1,8 0 0,1 2 5
Poland 2,35 140 1,6 10,5 140 7,5Slovak
Republic5,09 28,3 17,9 9,24 29,8 31
Slovenia 3,66 12,2 29,9 4,91 14,6 33,6
Total EU 10 16,8 298,5 5,6 37,62 335,77 11,21
Total EU 15 338,41 2435 13,9 646,6 3000,26 22
Total EU 25 355,2 2733,5 13 684,22 3336,03 21
Renewable Gross
Consumption (TWh)
Proportion renewable
electricity (%)
Total Gross Consumption
(TWh)
Renewable Gross
Consumption (TWh)
Total Gross Consumption
(TWh)
Proportion renewable
electricity (%)
20
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Biofuels for transporttrends & targets
Biodisel in EU
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2010
Years
Pro
du
cti
on
vo
lum
e [
10
00
t/y
]
Ta
rge
ts &
pro
du
cti
on
es
tim
ate
s
[10
00
t/y
]
Europe West Europe East North America Asia World
Austrian Biofuel Institute, 2002 Eibensteiner & Riedler OEG, 2000
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
District heating 2001 [PJ]
33
52
17
70 68
52
40 38
0
100
200
300
400
500
CZECH R
EP.
ESTONIA
HUNG
ARY
LATVIA
L ITHUAN
IA
POLAN
D
SLOVAK
IA
SLOVEN
IA
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
PJ %District heat production [PJ]
Biomass potentials [PJ]
DH market share [%]
Source: Heat from Renewable Energy Sources; HKV B.V. / EC DG ENV; 09.2002
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Strength of bioenergy
Huge and unexploited bio-resources availability at lower than in EU-15 cost (land and labour)
Current surplus of agricultural production » opportunities for energy crops production
Attractive short term options for heat and CHP production: coal and biomass co-firing
Improvement of policy and legal framework driven by the EU regulations
Strong agriculture and agro-industry lobby
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Weakness for bioenergy
Infant bio-energy industry; little capacity and experiences with more advanced technologies (for bio-electricity and biofuels)
Fossil fuels still subsidised, overcapacity of the existing power systems;
Risk associated with land competition (food or energy) and uncertain pattern of agricultural production and future food demand (protein diet or vegetarian)
Limited own financial resources and weak technical infrastructure for large scale bio-energy production
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Bioenergy after EU enlargement
Cheaper implementation of EU directives on green electricity, biofuels and green heat (?) and Kioto targets
Development of European solid and liquid biofuels market and international trade in the region
Opportunities for bio-energy technologies transfer and innovation
Bio-resources + advanced bio-energy technology = lower energy import dependency, both in NMS and EU15
Sustainable approach to bio-resources production, both from forestry and agriculture is essential for ACC;
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Thank you
www.ecbrec.pl
Ewa Gańko: [email protected]
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Utilisation of RES in Poland ‘2002 (by EC BREC)
SourceCapacity
(MW)Electricity
Production (GWh)
Heat production
(TJ)
Total energy production
(TJ)
Contribution to total energy production
Biomass ~6500 310 102056 103173 92.0
Solar 17 - 37 37 0.0
Geothermal +
heat pumps89 - 526 526 0.5
Wind 29 60 - 216 0.2
Hydro
(small plants
<5 MW)
524 (185) 2276 (698) - 8192 (2511) 7.3 (2.2)
Total ~7100 2646 102619 112146 100.0*Biomass – 98% of total production of renewable energy (large hydro-electric power plants not included)
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Capacity increase of RES in Poland in 1999-2002
RES installation Capacity in MW in 1999
Capacity in MW in 2002
Capacity increase in
MW
Growth rate in %/year
Wood-fired heating plants 350 450 100 8.7
Straw-fired heating plants 13 92 79 92.0
Biomass-fired boilers 7 23 16 48.7
Town biogas plants 38.9 61.5 22.6 16.5
Landfill gas plants 9 15.4 6.4 19.6
Solar collectors 6.5 17 10.5 37.8
Geothermal energy 26.8 55.75 28.9 27.6
Wind energy 4 28.5 24.5 92.4
Small hydro-electric plants
156 184.9 28.9 5.8
Total 611.2 928.05 316.8 Average: 15Capacity increase in wood-fired installations at small consumers and in industry is unknown.