renewable energy resources in pakistan
TRANSCRIPT
Group no.112-NTU-1014 MUHAMMAD BILAL12-NTU-1037 SHAKEEL AHMAD 12-NTU-1040 TOUSEEF AHMAD12-NTU-1034 SAQIB MEHMOOD
12-NTU-1043 ZEESHAN SAJID
Topic
Resources of Renewable
Energy
Presenter
Zeeshan Sajid
12-NTU-1043
Renewable Energy
Renewable energy is generally defined as
energy that comes from resources which
are naturally replenished on a human
timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain,
tides, waves and geothermal heat.
History
Nearly all the sources of energy were renewable till mid of 19th century
The oldest renewable source of energy was biomass to fuel fire
Second one harnessing the wind to drive the ship over water
History
In the mid of 19th century
development of coal shifted the
sources of energy
By 1873, concerns of running out
of coal prompted experiments
with using solar energy
History Development of solar engines continued until the outbreak of World War I.
IntroductionThere are many different sources of renewable
energy
These sources are listed below.
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE
WIND POWER
SOLAR ENERGY
GEOTERMAL ENERGY
HYDROELETRIC POWER
BIOMASS
GAS NATURAL*
NUCLEAR ENERGY*
Presenter
Shakeel Ahmad
12-NTU-1037
Wind Energy
Wind energy
• Moving air = wind
• Energy that got from a wind is called wind energy
• Wind turbines are used for getting energy
Wind Turbines
• Turbine blades spin from
the wind and make
energy
• Wind rotates the turbine
blades which spins a
shaft connected to a
generator
• The spinning of the shaft
in the generator makes
electricity
Wind energy
Each wind turbine can produce between 0.25 to 2 MW of electrical power.
Wind farm needs to be located where there is a relatively high average wind speed.
It requires 15km/hr speed of wind
Wind Turbine Power
P = 1/2 x rho x A x Cp x V3 x Ng x Nb
P = power in watts (746 watts = 1 hp)
rho = air density (about 1.225 kg/m3 at sea level.A = rotor swept area, exposed to the wind (m2)Cp = Coefficient of performanceV = wind speed in meters/secNg = generator efficiency
Nb = gearbox/bearings efficiency.
Capacity of wind power in world
Determining Factors
WIND SPEED
TURBINE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
RATED CAPACITY OF THE TURBINE
EXACT LOCATION
IMPROVEMENTS IN TURBINE DESIGN
Potential of wind energy in Pakistan
The wind map developed by National Renewable Energy
Laboratory has indicated a potential of 346,000 MW in Pakistan.
In Sindh and Balochistan there is a potential of more than
50,000MW
Total Area of Sindh suitable for wind farms = 9749 km2
Average Capacity Factor of this area in Sindh = 25%
Punjab has potential of 1000MW
First wind power generation plant of 50 MW was inaugurated in December 2012 and started full production in 2013.
• Environmental benefits
•No fuel needed
•it is a pollution-free,
•it doesn’t produce toxic or radioactive waste•Distributed power
• Remote locations
Presenter
Muhammad Bilal
12-NTU-1014
What is geothermal energy
Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth
Thermal energy is the energy that determines the temperature of matter.
Geo thermal energy
Geo thermal energy
The heat that used for geo thermal energy can be
derived from deep within earth
Heat conducts from core to sorrounding rock
High temp and pressure cause rock to melt which
is called “Magma”
Magma converts upwards
World Wide Use of Geothermal
Energy
Geo thermal power plant
World wide usage of Geothermal energy
Presenter
Sayed Touseef Ahmad
12-NTU-1040
Solar Energy Solar energy is,
simply, energy provided by the
sun. This energy is in the form of
solar radiation, which makes the
production of solar electricity
possible. Electricity can be
produced directly from
photovoltaic, PV, cells.
(Photovoltaic literally means “light”
and “electric.”
Solar energyThe energy utilized from sun light is called
solar energy
There are two methods for harvesting solar
energy
Concentrating Solar thermal Plant(CSP)
Photovoltaic plants(PV)
CSP
Solar photovoltaic plants
Earth’s Solar Energy Budget
World Wide Usage of Solar Energy
SOLAR RADIATION IN PAKISTAN
Presenter
Saqib Mehmood
12-NTU-1034
Hydro Power
HydropowerHydropower is the cheapest way to produce
electricity.
Currently largest source of electricity from renewables.
Kinetic energy of water rotates turbines which
generate electricity.
Hydro power installed around
the world
Electricity from Hydropower in Pakistan
Province Wise Installed Hydropower
Capacity
Total Hydropower Resources