renewable energy sources and its application presented by julie samantaray assistant professor(o.g)...
TRANSCRIPT
Dept. Of Mechatronics 1
Renewable Energy Sources And Its Application
Presented By
Julie Samantaray
Assistant Professor(O.G)
3/2/2015
Dept. Of Mechatronics 2
Themes
1. Why opt for renewable energy?2. What is the present status of renewable
Energy in India?3. What is the scope for renewable energy?4. What are the challenges and opportunities in
renewable energy?
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Renewable Energy Options
Wind
Solar Small Hydro
Biomass
Tidal Energy
Wave Energy
Ocean Thermal Energy
Solar Thermal
Solar Photovoltaic
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Population 1095 million
GDP (PPP) 3362 Billion US$
Primary Energy 22.4 EJ
Energy/person 20.5 GJ/person/year
Electricity/person
480 kWh/capita/year
CO2 emissions Per person Per GDP
1147 Million tonnes 1.05 tonnes /capita/year
0.31 kg /US$
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Applications
• Power Generation• Cooking• Water Heating• Refrigeration and Air Conditioning• Distillation• Drying• Space Heating
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Why Renewables?
• Present consumption pattern predominantly -fossil fuel
• Limited fossil reserves• Adverse environmental impacts• Unsustainable• Need for transition to clean technology
renewable energy, efficiency, nuclear
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India- Primary Commercial Energy
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Wind Power
• ~8000 MW installed • Single machine upto 2.1 MW• Average capacity factor 14%• Capital Rs 40-50 million/MW £500,000, Rs 3-
4/kWh (cost effective if site CF >20%)• India 45000 /13000 MW potential estimated 32%/ year (5 year growth rate)
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Power Generation Options
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Renewable installed capacity and generation
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Perspective Plan (MNRE)
Source: 11th Plan proposal MNRE Govt of India
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Map of India showing the geothermal provinces
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Small Hydro Power
• Classification - Capacity -Micro less than 100 kW Mini 100 kW - 3 MW Small 3 MW - 15
MW• Micro and Mini - usually isolated, Small grid connected• Heads as low as 3 m viable• Capital Rs 50-60 million/MW , Rs 1.50-2.50/kWh• 2046 MW (7%/year)
200 kW Chizami village, Nagaland
Aleo (3MW) Himachal Pradesh3/2/2015
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Biomass Conservation Routes
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Biomass PowerHigher Capacity factors than other renewablesFuelwood, agricultural residues, animal wasteAtmospheric gasification with dual fuel engine
500 kW gasifier - largest installationCombustion – 5-18 MW Rs 4-5/kWh (5-7p/kWh)
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Thermal ApplicationSteel Reheating Furnace Raipur
Investment Rs 3.8 million, Annual savings Rs 3 million , Simple Payback period 1.25 years, IRR 80% (IITB, Cosmos) (Rice Husk, wood) 1.25 Mkcals/hr NARI, Sugarcane Leaves,
Bagasse, Ceramic Tile furnace 0.25 Mkcals/hr Silk Drying – TERI, payback
period 2.5 years Carbon Dioxide Manufacture
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Biogas 45-70% CH4 rest CO2
Calorific value 16-25MJ/m3
Digestor- well containing animal waste slurry
Dome - floats on slurry- acts as gas holder
Spent Slurry -sludge- fertiliser
Anaerobic Digestion- bacterial action
Family size plants 2m3/day
Community Size plants 12- 150 m3/day
Rs 12-14000 for a 2m3 unit
Cooking, Electricity, running engine
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Technology Options For Solar Panel
PV Thermal
Low Temp. <100 o C
High Temp. >400 o C
Medium Temp. Up to 400 o C Line Focusing Parabolic Collectors
Solar Pond Solar Chimney Solar Flat Plate Collectors
Parabolic Dish
Material
Single Crystal Silicon
Production Process
Central Tower
Amorphous Silicon
Wafer
CdTe/ GAAs
Polycrystalline Silicon
Thin Film
Solar Power
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Area Of Power Generation
India’s present electricity requirement approx. 500 billion kWh, can be met by installing 2500 sq. km of solar field.
A square of 50km x 50km, or
4 smaller squares of 25km x 25km.
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Solar Cooking
Double Community Cooker- Rishi Valley School
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Solar Cooking-Kichen
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Cooking with the Sun Concentrators
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Solar Cooking
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Solar Home Lighting
Solar Home Lighting
Solar Power Supply
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Solar Road Lighting
Solar Street Lighting system Solar Studs
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Solar Road Lighting
• COLLECTOR
• STORAGE
TANK
• FROM OVERHEAD TANK
• TO USAGE POINT• AUXILI
ARY HEATE
RSTORAGE
TANK
COLLECTOR
PUMP
FROM OVERHEAD
TANK
TO USAGE POINT
Schematic of solar water heating system
AUXILIARY HEATER
Solar Water Heating Systems in India– Installed Capacity = 1.5 million sq. m. (0.8% of estimated potential)
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Solar Thermal Power Project
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Parabolic Trough
CLFR Tecnology
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5 kWp Solar PV power plant at Rajmachi Village, Maharashtra
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Performance of solar PV power plant at Rajmachi
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Challenges and opportunities in renewable energy
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Cost effective RenewablesReliabilityStorage-Ultracapacitors, lithium ion batteriesLow cost invertersLow rating Wind machinesInnovative productsDistributed power systems – Hybrid concepts, matching supply and demandNovel materials for renewable energy systems
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Conclusion
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Major difficulties in attaining target of 10% of electricity generated by renewables by 2010
Main contributors to this target will be :-
1) Offshore and Onshore wind farms
2) Biomass/wood, straw, etc
3) Photovoltaic
But policies like Climate Change Levy and the Renewables Obligation will help establish renewables
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References
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MNES Annual Reports, 2001-2009Integrated Energy Policy Report, Planning Commission, 200611th Five year plan proposal, MNRE, Govt of Indiawww.mnes.nic.in S.P.Sukhatme, Solar Energy, Tata McGraw Hill, Delhi,1997Banerjee, Comparison of DG options, Energy Policy, 2006Pillai and Banerjee,Renewable Energy in India, Status and Potential, Energy, in press
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Thank You
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