renewable energy sufficient and affordable
DESCRIPTION
renewable energy sufficient and affordable. the sun. the wind. the land. the waters. En. sun. passive solar solar hot water solar radiant heating photovoltaics building integrated photovoltaics concentrated photovoltaics - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
renewable energy sufficient and affordable
![Page 2: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
En
the sun
the wind
the landthe waters
![Page 3: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
passive solarsolar hot watersolar radiant heatingphotovoltaics
building integrated photovoltaicsconcentrated photovoltaics
concentrated solar (solar thermal electricity)
![Page 4: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
solar is sufficientnow:25% coal
37% oil23% natural gas6% nuclear
9% renewable
world will need
18 TW total energy in 2015according to US DOE
![Page 5: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
18,000,000,000,000 watts
translate coal, gas, oil and electrical energy into18 trillion watts
18 TW
![Page 6: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
during peak sun hours, the sun provides 1 kW of energy per square meter
photovoltaic panels are only 20% efficient, so one square meter PV provides about 0.2 kW or 200 watts.
![Page 7: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
regions southof US/Canada Border3 – 7 hours peak sundaily
estimate4 hourspeak sunnonpolarworldaverage
![Page 8: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
world needs 18 TW
now to get time into the picture
![Page 9: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
think about
deserts
![Page 10: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
earth has 20 million sq km of nonpolar deserts which is 20 trillion sq meters
nonpolar deserts have a lot more peak sun hours than average land, so we’ll use a desert-like 5 hours of peak sun per day peak sun 5/24 of the timepeak sun 21% of the time
![Page 11: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
instead of getting 20 trillion kW from 20 trillion sq meters of desert sun
we will only get
20 trillion kW X 20% (PV efficiency) X 21% (peak sun availability) = 0.84 trillion kW = 0.84 trillion (1000 watts) = 840 trillion watts = 840 TW
![Page 12: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
need 18 TW
840 TW from deserts
18/840 = 2% of desert land
![Page 13: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
so solar energy could easily power the world, but is it affordable?
“DOE SunShot initiative looks to reduce the total costs of photovoltaic solar energy systems by about 75 percent so that they are cost competitive with other forms of energy without subsidies before 2020. Chu is targeting $1 per watt, which he said corresponds to roughly 6 cents per kilowatt-hour.”
![Page 14: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
why is $1/watt the “Holy Grail” of solar?
$10 billion reactor1000 MW baseload power
“Nuclear Regulatory Commission Chairman Gregory Jaczko said that permitting new reactors could take four years or more, and that storing the waste is not a pressing concern, but that paying for the new reactors remains a significant concern for most utilities. The best estimate for a new reactor's price tag is about $10 billion, he said. Read more: http://www.azcentral.com/business/articles/2010/02/01/20100201biz-nuclear0202.html#ixzz1D6lHv81I”
![Page 15: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
1000 MW reactor = 6000 MW solar with 4 hours of peak sun daily
1000 MW x 24 hours = 6000 MW x 4 hours = 24,000 MWh/day 24,000 MWh/day
at today’s PV cost, $2/watt, Reactor costs $10 billion 6000 MW PV costs $12 billion at $1/watt,
6000 MW PV costs $6 billion
![Page 16: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
concentrated photovoltaics (CPV)
• higher efficiencies• lower cost per watt
“100 suns”
![Page 18: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
http://gigaom.com/cleantech/solar-thermal-jv-to-spend-124b-in-spain/
metal reflectors focus sun to heat fluid steam turns turbinefluid can be molten salt retaining heat
to produce electricity at night
![Page 19: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
wind farms
micro-windoff-shore wind
![Page 20: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Global Wind Resources
![Page 21: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
could wind only power the world? “Archer and Jacobson use
worldwide weather stations (more accurate than the above GEOS-1 data, but not covering the oceans) and estimate the worldwide land and near-shore wind resource. Their calculation of total wind resource is 72 TW” http://www.ceoe.udel.edu/windpower/
![Page 22: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Estimated levelized cost of new generation resources, 2018, DOE
Advanced Coal 12.3¢ per kWh
Natural Gas 6.7¢ per kWh
Advanced Nuclear 10.8¢ per kWh
Wind 8.7¢ per kWh
Geothermal 10.0¢ per kWh
Solar PV 14.4¢ per kWh
![Page 23: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Hull, Massachusetts
![Page 24: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
NREL: US could produce nine times our current electrical consumption from onshore wind alone
Texas is #1 in wind
![Page 25: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
wavestidesdamsmoving rivers: hydrokineticmicro-hydro
![Page 26: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
waves
the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) says that “global wave power potential has been estimated to be around 1000-10,000GW, which is the same order of magnitude as world electrical energy consumption.”
http://www.suite101.com/content/green-power-from-oceans-a178466#ixzz1D7EZGzQs
![Page 27: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Australia very excited about ocean energy
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V27ZBODcv0c
![Page 28: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
http://www.carnegiewave.com/index.php?url=/ceto/what-is-ceto
![Page 29: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
thenLa Rance, France
tidal barrage generating 250 MW max since 1966average output 60 MW
now“Scotland Plans to Use 100
Percent Renewable Energy by 2025”
Scottish plan includes world’s largest tidal energy plant
![Page 30: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
dams
China’s 3-Gorges dam
hydropower provides about 1/5 of world electricity according to the World Bank.
![Page 31: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
moving rivers
hydrokinetic power Hastings, Minnesota 4.4 MW
![Page 32: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Vivace
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IcR8HszacOE
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jcyM3c5ylSU&NR=1
![Page 33: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
micro-hydro
![Page 34: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
BiomassAlgaeAnaerobic DigestersGeothermal Heat PumpsGeothermal ElectricityAdvanced Geothermal
![Page 35: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
US uses 100 EJ/year of energy from all sourcesUS has 14,000,000 EJ potential from Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS)
Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS)
http://www.google.org/egs/
geothermal electricitycould power the world alone
![Page 36: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
geothermal heat pumps
Always 55 degrees 10 feet under
![Page 37: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
http://www.originoil.com
Algae ponds
![Page 38: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
or bioreactors make fuel from CO2Algae – 5000 gallons / acre
http://www.worldwatch.org/node/5391
Corn – 420 gallons / acre
![Page 39: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
So, the entire world could be
![Page 40: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
powered by
![Page 41: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
the sun alone,
geothermal energy alone,
the wind alone,
and probably the oceans alone.
![Page 42: renewable energy sufficient and affordable](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56814f52550346895dbcf9a2/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
But we have them ALLand they can easily power the
entire worldtogether.