renewable energy technologies for use on the outer ... · renewable energy technologies for use on...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ocean Energy Technology
Michael C. Robinson, Ph.D.National Renewable Energy Lab
6 June 2006
Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental Shelf
Offshore Wind Technology Horns Rev Denmark
Technology Overview• Offshore Wind• Ocean Wave • Ocean Current• Ocean Tidal
![Page 2: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Growth of Wind Energy Capacity Worldwide
010000200003000040000500006000070000
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08
Rest of WorldActual Projected
Rest of World
North America North America
Europe Europe
Jan 2006 Cumulative MW = 56,813
Rest of World = 7,270
North America = 9,550
Europe = 39,993
MW
Inst
alle
d
Sources: BTM Consult Aps, Sept 2005Windpower Monthly, January 2006
![Page 3: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
A Typical Large Turbine hasMultiple Subsystems and Controls
![Page 4: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
At it’s simplest, the wind turns the turbine’s blades, which spin a shaft connected to a generator that makes electricity.
Large turbines are grouped together to form a wind power plant, which feeds electricity to the grid.
Schematic of Wind Plant
![Page 5: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Power in the Wind = ½ρAV3
A - Area of the circle swept by the rotorρ = Air density V = Wind Velocity
Wind Turbine Power Basics
Wind Turbine Power Curve
![Page 6: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Offshore GE Wind Energy 3.6 MW Prototype
Boeing 747-400
![Page 8: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Windy onshore sites are not close to coastal load centers
The electric utility grid cannot be easily set up for interstate electric transmission
Load centers are close to the offshore wind sites
Offshore Wind – U.S. RationaleWhy Go Offshore?
Graphic Credit: Bruce Bailey AWS Truewind
US Population Concentration
Graphic Credit: GE Energy
% area class 3 or above
US Wind Resource
![Page 10: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Opportunity
U.S. Department of EnergyNational Renewable Energy Laboratory
U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Resource
Region 0 - 30 30 - 60 60 - 900 > 900New England 10.3 43.5 130.6 0.0Mid-Atlantic 64.3 126.2 45.3 30.0Great Lakes 15.5 11.6 193.6 0.0California 0.0 0.3 47.8 168.0Pacific Northwest 0.0 1.6 100.4 68.2Total 90.1 183.2 517.7 266.2
GW by Depth (m)
Resource Not Yet Assessed
![Page 11: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
US Projects Proposed
Atlantic Ocean
Gulf of Mexico
Cape Wind Associates
Winergy
LIPA & Florida Power and Light
W.E.S.T. LLC
Hull Municipal
Southern Company
Superior Renewable
No Offshore wind projects Installed in U.S. yet
![Page 12: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Deep Water Wind Turbine Development
Current Technology
![Page 13: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Typical Offshore Wind Farm LayoutCable Laying Ship
![Page 14: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Source: Wind Directions, September 2004
Location of Existing Offshore Installations Worldwide
Sweden3%
Netherlands2%
Ireland3%
Germany1%
Denmark53%
United Kingdom
38%
804-MW Installed Dec 2005
![Page 15: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Horns Rev Wind Farm - Denmark
Country: DenmarkLocation: West CoastTotal Capacity: 160 MWNumber of Turbines: 80Distance to Shore: 14-20 kmDepth: 6-12 mCapital Costs: 270 million EuroManufacturer: VestasTotal Capacity: 2 MWTurbine-type: V80 - 80m diameterHub-height: 70-mMean Windspeed: 9.7 m/sAnnual Energy output: 600 GWh
![Page 16: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Wind Turbine Size
![Page 17: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Fixed Bottom Substructure Technology
Monopile Foundation Gravity Foundation Tripod/Truss Foundation
Most Common Type Minimal FootprintDepth Limit 25-mLow stiffness
Larger FootprintDepth Limit?Stiffer but heavy
No wind experience Oil and gas to 450-mLarger footprint
Graphics source: http://www.offshorewindenergy.org/
Proven Designs Future
![Page 18: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Arklow Banks WindfarmThe Irish Sea
Photo: R. Thresher
![Page 19: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Future ConceptsCommercialization is long term
![Page 20: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Offshore Wind Turbine AccessCredit: GE Energy
Credit: GE Energy
Photo: Elsam
![Page 22: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
RePower 5-MW - Worlds Largest Turbine
• 5-MW Rating• 61.5-m blade length (LM Glasfibres)• Offshore Demonstration project by
Talisman Energy in Beatrice Fields45-m Water DepthsTwo machines
![Page 23: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Ocean Wave Resource Location
ME NH MA RI NY NJ
110 TWh/yr
WA OR CA440
TWh/yr
Southern AK1,250 TWh/yr
Northern HI300 TWh/yr
Total flux into all regions with avg. wave power density >10 kW/m is ~2,100 TWh/yr
Harnessing 20% of offshore wave energy resource at 50% efficiency would be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation in 2003.
![Page 24: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
US Ocean Energy US Ocean Energy Extraction PotentialExtraction Potential
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
Extra
ctio
n Po
tent
ial (
MW
)
Offshor
e Wind
Wave E
nergy
Tidal Energ
yOce
an C
urrent
US Electri
c Cap
acity
• Based on Typical Land-based Exclusions
• Offshore Wind– >Wind Class 5– 5-50nm– <900-m Depth– GOM, Alaska,
Hawaii, SC, GA not included yet
![Page 25: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Wave Energy Extraction Technologies
Attenuator
Point Absorber
Reservoir
Waves overtopping the ramp
Overtopping
Terminator OWC
![Page 26: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Wave (Point Absorber) Technology Examples
Archimedes Wave Swing MK I - Portugal
Aquabuoy; AquaEnergy - Makah
Bay, WA
PowerBuoy; Ocean Power Technology Oahu, Hawai
OSU PM Linear Generator
![Page 27: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Integrator Technology Example
OPD Pelamis Being Towed to EMEC For Test Trials
![Page 28: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Terminator Technology Example
Wave Dragon 1:4.5 Scale Prototype Under Sea Test in Nissum Bredning, DK
![Page 29: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
GreenWave; Energetech; Point Judith, RI
Oscillating Water Column; Energetech; Port Kembla, Australia
Wave Gen; OWC; Islay, Scotland
Oscillating Water Column Technology
![Page 30: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
TBD
TBD
TBD
Seeking funding for permitting
Oregon State University
OR Gardiner
30 m15 km
Single Unit750 kW
Pelamis (tentative)
Seeking funding for permitting
SFPUC
CA, SanFrancisco
2 m2 km
50 m6 km
30 m1 km
Water Depth/ Distance from Shore
Single OWC500kW
4 buoys1 MW
Single buoy40 kW
Size
OWCAqua BuOYTM
Power BuoyTMDevice
Permitting since Feb
2005
Permitting since 2002
Deployed June 04
Development Stage
EnergetechAquaEnergyOcean Power Tech
Developer
RIPoint Judith
WAMakah Bay
HI, OahuKaneohe
North America Wave Energy Projects “Coast to Coast”
![Page 31: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Gorlov Helical Vertical Axis; Merrimack River,
Verdant; Horizontal Axis; East River, NY
Hydro; Open Center Turbine; Gulf Stream
Underwater Electric Kite; Merrimack River, MCT SeaFlow Experimental
Test
Lunar Energy, Rotech Tidal Turbine
In-Stream Tidal Technology Examples
![Page 32: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
400 kW @ 3 m/s
3 m diameter25 units
Horizontal axis
Permitting
UEK
DE Indian River Inlet
TBD
TBD
TBD
Formative
SFPUC Marin
CA, SF
TBDNA34 kW
@ 2.1 m/s0.8 kW @ 1.5m/s
Power (kW) at Max Speed (m/s)
TBDNA5 m diameter
6 units 1m X 2.5 m
1 unitSize
TBDNAHorizontal axisVertical axisDevice
Application in processNAConstruction2 Month Test
CompleteDevelopment Stage
Tacoma Power
Clean CurrentsVerdantVerdantDeveloper
WATacoma
BCRace
Rocks
NYNY, East
River
MAAmesbury
North America Tidal Energy Projects “Coast to Coast”
![Page 33: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Offshore Wind / Wave Synergy
Reproduced with permission of Hy-Spec Eng
Wind / Wave Integrated Platform
• Long term possibility• Maximize Grid Interconnect Potential • Improve Intermittency & Total Energy Output • Increase System Reliability & Reduce
Maintenance
• Credit: GE Energy
![Page 34: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Summary
• Near term wind turbines in shallow-sheltered sites possible now.
• New wind technologies for deeper water are long term
• Ocean wave and current technologies are in the first prototype testing stage
• Hydrogen production – long term
![Page 35: Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer ... · Renewable Energy Technologies for Use on the Outer Continental ... be comparable to all US conventional hydro generation](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051800/5ac86ffe7f8b9acb688c92b6/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
FURTHER READING
Click any one of the following links to be taken to a website which contains the following documents.
The following are some patents.
1976792_ELECTRIC_SHOCK_ABSORBER3941402_Electromagnetic_shock_absorber4032829_Road_shock_energy_converter5347186_Linear_motion_electric_power_generator5818132_Linear_motion_electric_power_generator6952060_Electromagnetic_linear_generator7357229_Electromagnetic_shock_absorber7362003_Coil_switching_circuit_for_linear_generation
Some more information concerning the harvesting of shock absorberenergy.
electromagnetic energy harvester for vehicle suspensionsRegenerative Shock AbsorberVehicle shock absorber recovers energy
A common method of energy harvesting involves the used ofvibration.
5578877_Apparatus_for_converting_vibratory_motion6897573_Electrical_voltage_generating_device7569952_High_efficiency__inductive_vibration_energy_harvester
Energy harvesting from vibrationGetting Started with Vibration Energy Harvesting_V7
The following are some other new applications and patents.
6982497_Backpack_for_harvesting_electric7168532_Wave_energy_converter__WEC__with_Magnetic_BrakingRenewable_Energy_Data
[email protected] Sauerhttp://www.idea2ic.com/