repairing the illinois high school physics teacher carl j. wenning, pte coordinator, illinois state...
TRANSCRIPT
Repairing the Illinois High Repairing the Illinois High School Physics TeacherSchool Physics Teacher
Carl J. Wenning, PTE Coordinator, Illinois State University
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 22 of 33 of 33
Complete repair of any problem Complete repair of any problem requires the following:requires the following:
recognition that a recognition that a problem exists.problem exists.
correct identification of correct identification of the problem source.the problem source.
appropriate action appropriate action aimed at repairing the aimed at repairing the problem.problem.
must get at root cause must get at root cause for long-term solution.for long-term solution.
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 33 of 33 of 33
Teachers: A Growing DemandTeachers: A Growing Demand
The US Department of Education predicts The US Department of Education predicts that the nation will need more than one that the nation will need more than one million new teachers by 2010million new teachers by 2010
Nearly half of the current teaching force of Nearly half of the current teaching force of 2.6 million will leave teaching to retire or 2.6 million will leave teaching to retire or change careers in the next decade change careers in the next decade (NCES, 1998)(NCES, 1998)
More than 1/4 of all current teachers are More than 1/4 of all current teachers are over age 50 and approaching retirement.over age 50 and approaching retirement.
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 44 of 33 of 33
On a National Basis…On a National Basis…
The attrition rate of new teachers is The attrition rate of new teachers is approximately 10% to 50% over the first approximately 10% to 50% over the first three to five years of teaching depending three to five years of teaching depending on type of preparation. (Darling-on type of preparation. (Darling-Hammond, 1998; Fuller, SBEC, 2002)Hammond, 1998; Fuller, SBEC, 2002)
Currently there is not a Currently there is not a generalgeneral nation- nation-wide shortage of teachers in the U.S.wide shortage of teachers in the U.S.
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 55 of 33 of 33
Nonetheless…Nonetheless…
““We face shortages of people willing to We face shortages of people willing to work at the work at the salariessalaries and under the and under the workingworking conditionsconditions offered in specific locations - in offered in specific locations - in ruralrural and and urbanurban areas.” areas.”
(Darling-Hammond, 2001)(Darling-Hammond, 2001)
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 66 of 33 of 33
Teacher Shortage AreasTeacher Shortage Areas
Teacher shortages do exist in a few Teacher shortages do exist in a few subject areas -- special education, subject areas -- special education, mathematics, physics, chemistry, and mathematics, physics, chemistry, and Spanish in order of national demand Spanish in order of national demand (AAEE, 2003).(AAEE, 2003).
There is an adequate number of prepared There is an adequate number of prepared and certified teachers to meet most of of and certified teachers to meet most of of the needs in other areas.the needs in other areas.
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 77 of 33 of 33
AIP Statistics Research CenterAIP Statistics Research Center
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 88 of 33 of 33
Enrollments in HS PhysicsEnrollments in HS Physics% of seniors who have taken physics
Year1948 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '65 '76 '80 '90 '93 '97 '01
5
10
15
20
25
30
1948 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '65 '76 '80 '90 '93 '97 '011948 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '65 '76 '80 '90 '93 '97 '01
All SchoolsPublic Only
'71 '72 '86 '87
1948 - 2001
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 99 of 33 of 33
Girls as a Percentage of TotalGirls as a Percentage of TotalEnrollment in HS PhysicsEnrollment in HS Physics
Increases in HS enrollments are occurring primarily in conceptual courses.
In college courses, ~20% of enrollments in engineering -type courses is female.
In college courses, ~60% of enrollment in algebra-based physics courses is female.
1987 1990 1993 1997 2001
39% 41% 43%47% 46%
Female Enrollments in HS Physics
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 1010 of 33 of 33
Percentage of Students Percentage of Students Taking HS Physics by GroupTaking HS Physics by Group
34%
24%
10%
10%
37%
27%
13%
10%
44%
32%
16%
15%
47%
33%
22%
21%
1990
1990
1990
1990
1993
1993
1993
1993
1997
1997
1997
1997
2001
2001
2001
2001
Asian
Hispanic
White
Black
AIPStatisticalResearchCenter
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 1111 of 33 of 33
Physics Teaching NationallyPhysics Teaching Nationally
Only 61% of public high school physics teachers Only 61% of public high school physics teachers are endorsed to teach physicsare endorsed to teach physics
Only 27% of private/parochial high school Only 27% of private/parochial high school physics teachers are endorse to teach physics. physics teachers are endorse to teach physics.
Only about 1/3 of all physics teachers majored in Only about 1/3 of all physics teachers majored in physics or physics education (Neuschatz & physics or physics education (Neuschatz & McFarling, 2001)McFarling, 2001)
More than 50% of all high school physics More than 50% of all high school physics teachers are teaching out-of-field -without a teachers are teaching out-of-field -without a major or minor in physics (AIP, 1999)major or minor in physics (AIP, 1999)
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 1212 of 33 of 33
Science Excellence on a Science Excellence on a National and State BasisNational and State Basis
82% of our nation’s 12th graders performed 82% of our nation’s 12th graders performed belowbelow the proficient level on the NAEP 2000 the proficient level on the NAEP 2000 science test and this number has increased from science test and this number has increased from 79% since 199579% since 1995
The longer students stay in the current system, The longer students stay in the current system, the worse they do.the worse they do. 4th graders 2nd place; 12th graders 16th place4th graders 2nd place; 12th graders 16th place
PSAE results?PSAE results?
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 1313 of 33 of 33
PSAE Science AchievementPSAE Science Achievement
According to Illinois’ PSAE 2002-2003 According to Illinois’ PSAE 2002-2003 (ISBE, 2003):(ISBE, 2003): Only 51.3% of 11th graders met or exceeded Only 51.3% of 11th graders met or exceeded
the science performance standardthe science performance standard 38.0% of 11th graders fell below performance 38.0% of 11th graders fell below performance
the science standardthe science standard 10.7% of 11th graders substantially below and 10.7% of 11th graders substantially below and
received “academic warning” - unable to use received “academic warning” - unable to use science knowledge effectively.science knowledge effectively.
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 1414 of 33 of 33
Student PerformanceStudent Performance
While there is no direct link While there is no direct link between teaching between teaching performance and student performance and student success per se, careful success per se, careful teacherteacher preparation and preparation and subsequent high quality subsequent high quality teaching teaching are very important are very important to to overalloverall studentstudent successsuccess. .
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 1515 of 33 of 33
IL Certified Physics TeachersIL Certified Physics Teachers
Growing demand - HS enrollments Growing demand - HS enrollments expected to grow through 2007; expected to grow through 2007; elementary demand remains level.elementary demand remains level.
64% of Illinois public high school physics 64% of Illinois public high school physics teachers are endorsed to teach physics, teachers are endorsed to teach physics, but this is better than the national average. but this is better than the national average.
99% teach physics half time or more.99% teach physics half time or more.
(ISBE, 2004)(ISBE, 2004)
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 1616 of 33 of 33
Illinois Physics Teacher Illinois Physics Teacher Supply (IBHE, 2004)Supply (IBHE, 2004)
123 districts report “severe under supply”123 districts report “severe under supply” 67 districts report “under supply”67 districts report “under supply” 33 districts report “adequate supply”33 districts report “adequate supply” 4 districts report “over supply”4 districts report “over supply” 4 districts report “sever over supply”4 districts report “sever over supply” 400 districts did not report on supply400 districts did not report on supply
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 1717 of 33 of 33
Physics Teacher Demand Physics Teacher Demand Applying “Average Statistics”Applying “Average Statistics” 440 public high school physics teachers440 public high school physics teachers 93% return to teaching each year (409)93% return to teaching each year (409) 7% leave teaching (31)7% leave teaching (31) Open positions = 31 each yearOpen positions = 31 each year 23 accredited PTE programs graduate 23 accredited PTE programs graduate
only 8 - 12 new physics teachers annuallyonly 8 - 12 new physics teachers annually Actual situation is worse than this ….Actual situation is worse than this ….
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 1818 of 33 of 33
Projected Need - Physics Job Projected Need - Physics Job Openings in IL (ISBE, 2004)Openings in IL (ISBE, 2004)
Supply in relation to demand suggests that 2/3 Supply in relation to demand suggests that 2/3 to 3/4 of all physics openings are filled by to 3/4 of all physics openings are filled by teachers with majors other than physics!teachers with majors other than physics!
SchoolSchool
YearYear04/0504/05 05/0605/06 06/0706/07 07/0807/08
JobJob
OpeningsOpenings4646 4848 5252 5656
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 1919 of 33 of 33
PTE Production StatisticsPTE Production Statistics
1994 - 1995:1994 - 1995: 22 accredited PTE 22 accredited PTE
programsprograms 8 programs reporting8 programs reporting 3 institutions produced 3 institutions produced
50% grads50% grads 0.69 graduates per 0.69 graduates per
program averageprogram average 50% had no students 50% had no students
in the PTE major in the PTE major
2004 - 2005:2004 - 2005: 23 accredited PTE 23 accredited PTE
programs?programs?
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 2020 of 33 of 33
General Nature of LeakageGeneral Nature of Leakage
940K
High School Physics
Intro at 4-yr Colleges and Universities
Intro Physics at 2-yr College
Physics Major Physics Bachelor’s340K
120K
7K 4K
Data AIP StatisticalResearch Center
THEM
US
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 2121 of 33 of 33
Sources of Teachers…Sources of Teachers…
RecruitmentRecruitment ““Native” studentsNative” students Change-of-major studentsChange-of-major students Transfer studentsTransfer students 2nd degree students2nd degree students Alternative certification programsAlternative certification programs
Retention in the majorRetention in the major Retention in the professionRetention in the profession
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 2222 of 33 of 33
Sources of PTE Majors -- Sources of PTE Majors -- the ISU Experiencethe ISU Experience
Currently 33 PTE majorsCurrently 33 PTE majors Based on data from 1998-2004Based on data from 1998-2004
23% “native” students (from high schools)23% “native” students (from high schools) 46% transfer students (community colleges)46% transfer students (community colleges) 31% second-degree students (universities)31% second-degree students (universities)
High schools, community colleges, and High schools, community colleges, and universities all play an important role.universities all play an important role.
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 2323 of 33 of 33
Failure to Retain a PTE Major Failure to Retain a PTE Major Generally SpeakingGenerally Speaking
Inability or unwillingness of students Inability or unwillingness of students (Success=Ability*Motivation*Effort - SAME)(Success=Ability*Motivation*Effort - SAME)
Disillusionment of student with post-Disillusionment of student with post-secondary physics teachingsecondary physics teaching
Inadequacy of physics teaching programInadequacy of physics teaching program Appeal of other majorsAppeal of other majors Predatory practices by other sequences Predatory practices by other sequences
within a departmentwithin a department
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 2424 of 33 of 33
Other Routes to Teacher PrepOther Routes to Teacher Prep
Alternative CertificationAlternative Certification National Programs:National Programs:
Teach for AmericaTeach for America Peace CorpsPeace Corps Troops to TeachersTroops to Teachers Teacher Opportunity CorpsTeacher Opportunity Corps
Problem: 90%+ in these latter program grads will Problem: 90%+ in these latter program grads will have left teaching by the end of the 3rd year.have left teaching by the end of the 3rd year.
CF: 30% of traditionally-prepared (4-yr) teachers CF: 30% of traditionally-prepared (4-yr) teachers CF: 10% of 4-year courses w/ 1-year STTCF: 10% of 4-year courses w/ 1-year STT
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 2525 of 33 of 33
Retention in the ProfessionRetention in the Profession
Retention will not be solved by addressing Retention will not be solved by addressing onlyonly pay and benefits issues. pay and benefits issues.
Teacher pay and benefits ranked third Teacher pay and benefits ranked third behind student attitudes and behavior, and behind student attitudes and behavior, and treatment by school administrators.treatment by school administrators.
(Pisciotta, 2001)(Pisciotta, 2001)
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 2626 of 33 of 33
Additional Findings Additional Findings
73% of the teachers who left the 73% of the teachers who left the profession did not participate in an profession did not participate in an induction or mentoring program. induction or mentoring program. (Piscotta, 2001)(Piscotta, 2001)
““They’re not adequately prepared, and They’re not adequately prepared, and they’re put into a situation completely they’re put into a situation completely unsupported.” (Archer, 1999)unsupported.” (Archer, 1999)
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 2727 of 33 of 33
Sources of Retention Sources of Retention Problems with NYC TeachersProblems with NYC Teachers
TeachersTeachers NoviceNovice MasterMaster
SalarySalary LowLow HighHigh
PrepsPreps 4-5 diverse4-5 diverse 1-2 similar1-2 similar
StudentsStudents Lower socioeconomic Lower socioeconomic status and minority status and minority studentsstudents
Higher socioeconomic Higher socioeconomic status and college-status and college-bound studentsbound students
RespectRespect LowerLower HigherHigher
SupportSupport Minimal to noneMinimal to none Strong networkStrong network
(Darling-Hammond, 2001)(Darling-Hammond, 2001)
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 2828 of 33 of 33
Illinois Teacher RetentionIllinois Teacher Retention
Largest supply of certificated IL teachers is Largest supply of certificated IL teachers is the previous year’s work force - 93% the previous year’s work force - 93% returned in 2003returned in 2003
The 2nd largest supply of IL teachers is The 2nd largest supply of IL teachers is the “first-time” teacher the “first-time” teacher
The 3rd largest supply of IL teachers is the The 3rd largest supply of IL teachers is the re-entering professional.re-entering professional.
The 4th largest supply of IL teachers is the The 4th largest supply of IL teachers is the State’s alternative certification program.State’s alternative certification program.
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 2929 of 33 of 33
Teachers for Downstate Teachers for Downstate Schools & the ISU ExperienceSchools & the ISU Experience Teachers tend to return to their home Teachers tend to return to their home
communities to teach.communities to teach. There are very few downstate teacher There are very few downstate teacher
candidates at ISU.candidates at ISU. Salaries downstate are lower: (mean Salaries downstate are lower: (mean
salary statewide is $51,500)salary statewide is $51,500) Downstate ~$23,000 to startDownstate ~$23,000 to start Metropolitan Chicago ~40,000 to startMetropolitan Chicago ~40,000 to start
Huge downstate need for physics teachersHuge downstate need for physics teachers
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 3030 of 33 of 33
ISBE Responds to NCLB ISBE Responds to NCLB “High Quality” Legislation“High Quality” Legislation
After 2006 or 2007:After 2006 or 2007: New physics, chemistry, biology teachers New physics, chemistry, biology teachers
become “science” teachers onlybecome “science” teachers only Endorsements to be replaced by designationsEndorsements to be replaced by designations Any designation may teach ANY course not Any designation may teach ANY course not
requiring an “introductory” course.requiring an “introductory” course. Only designations may teach AP or second Only designations may teach AP or second
year courses within their discipline.year courses within their discipline.
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 3131 of 33 of 33
““CPR” for the Illinois HS CPR” for the Illinois HS Physics Teacher PipelinePhysics Teacher Pipeline
Which comes first - repair or retention?Which comes first - repair or retention? Consider CPR - respiration or circulation first?Consider CPR - respiration or circulation first? Respiration without a circulation is worthless.Respiration without a circulation is worthless.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 3232 of 33 of 33
Physics Pipeline “CPR” Physics Pipeline “CPR” Goal 1: Repairing the PipelineGoal 1: Repairing the Pipeline Retention Questions:Retention Questions:
Induction/mentoring programs?Induction/mentoring programs? Networking?Networking? New teacher packets?New teacher packets? Improving PTE programs?Improving PTE programs? ““Concentrating” PTE majors?Concentrating” PTE majors? ISAAPT Policy Statements?ISAAPT Policy Statements? Work group recommendations?Work group recommendations?
10/14/0410/14/04 ISAAPT Special Session: C. WenningISAAPT Special Session: C. Wenning Page Page 3333 of 33 of 33
Physics Pipeline “CPR” Physics Pipeline “CPR” Goal 2: Turning Up the FlowGoal 2: Turning Up the Flow
Recruitment Questions:Recruitment Questions: Recruitment guidelines for HS teachers?Recruitment guidelines for HS teachers? ““Indentured servitude” plan for districts?Indentured servitude” plan for districts? CC transfer agreements?CC transfer agreements? Grant-funded opportunities?Grant-funded opportunities? Loan forgiveness?Loan forgiveness? ISAAPT policy statements?ISAAPT policy statements? Work group recommendations?Work group recommendations?