Repetition of the same sound at the beginning of two or more stressed syllables.

A reference to something supposed to be known,but not explicitly mentioned;

Little Lamb, I'll tell thee:He is called by thy name,For he calls himself a Lamb.He is meek & he is mild;He became a little child.

Antithesis:juxtaposition of Contrasting Words or Ideas

(Often, Although Not Always, in Parallel

Structure).

Address of something not human or some person not present.

Repetition of similar vowel sounds, preceded and followed by different consonants, in the stressed syllables of adjacent words.

Ellipsis: Omission of a Word or Short Phrase Easily Understood in

Context.

Robert Burns writes to one of many women in his life:So fair thou art, my bonnie lass, So deep in love am I: And I will love thee still, my dear, Till a' the seas gang dry. Till a' the seas gang dry, my dear, And the rocks melt wi' the sun:

Exaggeration for poetic effect

Three Kinds of Irony: 1. Verbal Irony Is a Discrepancy

beween What Is Said or Written and What Is Meant..

2. Dramatic Irony Occurs When an Audience Perceives Something That a Character in the Literature Does Not

Know.3. Irony of Situation Is a Discrepancy

Between the Expected Result and Actual Results

Verbal Irony: a Discrepancy Between What Is Said or Written and What Is

Meant

To: All English facultyFrom: Department ChairSubject: Big WordsI have received another complaint from a student. The student says her teacher uses big words. I was sympathetic. I told her that college teachers sometimes use big words. I told her college students sometimes try to learn big words. She was not convinced. She was not satisfied. That is not good. Walt Disney teaches us that the customer is always right. We should do what Walt Disney tells us. That is why I ask that you not use big words. Thank you for not using big words.

Dramatic Irony Occurs When an Audience Perceives Something That a Character in the Literature Does Not

Know

In the Greek drama Oedipus Rex, the audience is aware that Oedipus has killed his father and married his mother long before he is aware of this situation.

irony of situation is a discrepancy between the expected result and actual results

In Kate Chopin’s “Story of an Hour,” the protagonist is expected to fall apart when she hears of her husband’s death in a train accident, but instead she experiences joy. When her husband walks in the door, instead of being delighted as observers might expect, she drops dead.

Litotes:deliberate Understatement, Especially When Expressing a

Thought by Denying Its Contradictory

Metonymy:reference to Something or Someone by

Naming One of ItsAttributes.

The pen is mightier than the sword

ONOMATOPOEIA a word that imitates the sound

it represents

hiss

Parallelism:similarity of Structure in a Pair or Series of

Related Words,Phrases, or Clauses.

An implied Rather than direct comparison.

The wind sweeps the clouds.

Jumbo Shrimp

a statement that seems to be self-contradictory but which is actually true

Shame is Pride’s Cloak! William Blake’s “Proverbs of Hell”

Helen, thy beauty is to me Like those Nicean barks of yore ... Poe

Items from different classes are explicitly compared by a connective such as like, as,or than, or by a verb such as appears or seems.

A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole (as hand for sailor), the whole for a part (as the law for police officer

Giving one’s handin marriage