report

Intelligent Speech Recognition For Real Time Control Of DC Motor

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Speech is one of the natural forms of communication for humans Speech

recognition is the process by which a computer identifies spoken words Basically it

means talking to your computer and having it correctly recognize what you are saying

This is the key to any speech related application There are a number ways to do this but

the basic principle is to Somehow extract certain key features from the uttered speech and

then treat those features as the key to recognizing the word when it is uttered again

In this thesis the issue of speech recognition is studied and a speech recognition

system is developed for command recognition using Vector quantization model

This has been true since the dawn of civilization the invention and widespread

use of the telephone audio-phonic storage media radio and television has given even

further importance to speech communication and speech processing The advances in

digital signal processing technology has led the use of speech processing in many

different application areas like speech compression enhancement synthesis and

recognition The concept of a machine than can recognize the human voice has long been

an accepted feature in Science Fiction Recent development has made it possible to use

this in the security system

Dept of ECE SNGCE 1


CHAPTER 2

PROPOSED BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig21 Proposed Block diagram

21 BLOCK DIAGRAM EXPLANATION

211 Microphone

Microphone is used to capture the sound

212 Personal Computer

To capture sound from microphone and to process the signal to identify the

personFigure shows the block diagram of what is happening in PC

Dept of ECE SNGCE 2

Microphone (1)

LM293D (6)

LPC 2388 Microcontroller Development

BoardARM7 (4)

PC (2)

RS232 (3)

Rotate Forward

Stop

Rotate Backward

To control speed

DC motor (7)

Buzzer (5)

GSM Module (8)

SD Card (9) LCD (10) LF Amplifier (11)


Fig 22 Basic speech Recognition block diagram

MFCC is based on the human peripheral auditory system The human perception

of the frequency contents of sounds for speech signals does not follow a linear scale

Thus for each tone with an actual frequency t measured in Hz a subjective pitch is

measured on a scale called the lsquoMel Scalersquo The mel frequency scale is a linear frequency

spacing below 1000 Hz and logarithmic spacing above 1kHzAs a reference point the

pitch of a 1 kHz tone 40 Db above the perceptual hearing threshold is defined as 1000

Mels

213 RS232

Serial port interface to connect ARM7 microcontroller to PC RS-232 interface

which is one of the most popular of the serial interfaces It is used with Embedded C to

send and read data from serial portHere command is send from MATLAB using this RS

232

RS 232 is very established interface from the very old years So all the new

standards are provided usually with RS232 converters It is very easy to deal with data

from RS232 The converters where based on hardware earlier but now a day they come in

software layer as virtual COM ports

Dept of ECE SNGCE 3

Vector Quantization

MFCC

Euclidian Distance

Audio signal

Recognized Speaker OP


The MAX 232 is an integrated circuit that converts signals from an RS-232 serial

port to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits The MAX232 is a

dual driverreceiver and typically converts the RX TX CTS and RTS signals The

drivers Provide RS-232 voltage level output (approx plusmn 75 V) from a single +5V supply

via on-chip charge pumps and external (typically 100ηF) capacitor This makes it useful

for implementing RS-232 in devices that otherwise do not need any voltages outside the 0

V to+5 V range as power supply design does not need to be made more complicated just

for driving the RS-232 in this case The receivers reduce RS-232 inputs (which may be as

high as plusmn 25 V) to standard 5 V TTL levels These receivers have typically threshold of

13V and a typical hysteresis of 05V

214 LPC 2388 Microcontroller Development Board (ARM7)

MCB2300 populated with LPC 2388 is used to control the DC motor drive

215 Buzzer

Produce sound when the Voice is recognized and Generate long bell when an

Error is occur while accessing the wrong input

216 LM293D

L293D is a dual H-Bridge motor driver So with one IC we can interface two DC

motors which can be controlled in both clockwise and counter clockwise direction and if

you have motor with fix direction of motion the you can make use of all the four IOs to

connect up to four DC motors

The name H‐Bridge is derived from the actual shape of the switching circuit

which controls the motion of the motor It is also known as Full Bridge Basically there

are four switching elements in the H‐Bridge as shown in the figure below L293D is

most used HBridge driver IC

Dept of ECE SNGCE 4


Fig23 LM293 driver IC

217 DC motor

In this project speech command is used to control the DC motor Stepper motor

can also be used instead of DC motorBut DC Motors are always preferred over stepper

motors There are many things which can control the speed of motor can control the

direction of rotation here speech command is used for control

In this project I will learn to interface and control of a DC motor with ARM

microcontroller using speech recognition

DC motors are used extensively in industry for applications such as robot arm

drives machine tools rolling mills and aircraft control

Dept of ECE SNGCE 5


Fig24 DC motor

218 GSM Module (Pulraj GSM-P2 Modem)

For reading SMS in the text mode

AT+CMGF=1 Press enter

AT+CMGR= no

Number (no) is the message index number stored in the sim card For new SMS

URC will be received on the screen as +CMTI SM lsquonorsquo Use this number in the

AT+CMGR number to read the message

219 SD Card

The Secure Digital Memory Card is the standard memory card for mobile

equipments The SDC was developped as upper-compatible to Multi Media Card so that

the SDC compleant equipments can also use an MMC with a few considerations The

MMCSDC has a microcontroller in it the flash memory controls (erasing reading

writing and error controls) are completed inside of the memory card The data is

transferred between the memory card and the host controller as data blocks in unit of 512

bytes so that it can be seen like a generic hard disk drive from view point of upper level

layers The currentry defined file system for the memory card is FAT1216 with FDISK

patitioning rule The FAT32 is defined for only high capacity (gt= 4G) cards

Dept of ECE SNGCE 6


Fig25 SD card

The three of the contacts are assigned for power supply so that the number of

effective signals is six (SDC) Therfore the data transfer between the host and the card is

done via a synchronous serial interface

The supply voltage can be fixed to a proper value because the SDC works at

supply voltage of 27 to 36 volts

2110 LCD

To display the current direction of motor

Fig26 LCD display

21101 LCD Interface and Programming

In the recent years LCD is finding in daily use replacing LEDrsquos which may be

Single Seven Segment or Multi Segment LEDrsquos Because of Declining Pricing of LCD

and ability to display numbers characters and graphics Another advantage of LCD is

Dept of ECE SNGCE 7


that Incorporation of refreshing controller in to LCD for relieving the CPU of the task of

refreshing LCD

21102 LCD Backgorund

Microcontroller program must interact with the outside world using input and

output devices that communicate directly with a human being The most common devices

attached is an LCD display Here 16 by 2 LCDs used means 16 characters per line by 2

lines

A popular standard exists which allows to communicate with the vast majority of

LCDs regardless of their manufacturer The standard is referred to as HD44780U which

refers to the controller chip which receives data from an external source (in this case the

microcontroller) and communicates directly with the LCD

21103 44780 BACKGROUND

The 44780 standard requires 3 control lines as well as either 4 or 8 IO lines for

the data bus The user may select whether the LCD is to operate with a 4-bit data bus or

an 8-bit data bus If a 4-bit data bus is used the LCD will require a total of 7 data lines (3

control lines plus the 4 lines for the data bus) If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will

require a total of 11 data lines (3 control lines plus the 8 lines for the data bus)

The three control lines are referred to as EN RS and RW

The EN line is called Enable line is used to tell the LCD that you are sending it

data To send data to the LCD program should make sure this line is low (0) and then set

the other two control lines andor put data on the data bus When the other lines are

completely ready bring EN high (1) and wait for the minimum amount of time required

by the LCD datasheet and end by bringing it low (0) again

The RS line is the Register Select line When RS is low (0) the data is to be

treated as a command or special instruction (such as clear screen position cursor etc)

When RS is high (1) the data being sent is text data which sould be displayed on the

screen

Dept of ECE SNGCE 8


The RW line is the ReadWrite control line When RW is low (0) the

information on the data bus is being written to the LCD When RW is high (1) the

program is effectively querying (or reading) the LCD Only one instruction (Get LCD

status) is a read command All others are write commands so RW will almost always be

low

The data bus consists of 4 or 8 lines (depending on the mode of operation selected by the

user) In the case of an 8-bit data bus the lines are referred to as DB0 DB1 DB2 DB3

DB4 DB5 DB6 and DB7

21104 LCD 4-Bit Operation

LCD in 4-Bit means we are 4 Lines of data bus instead of using 8 Line data bus In this

Method we are Splitting Bytes of data in Nibbles If you successfully interface

Microcontroller with LCD with 4 Pins Then we can save 4 Lines of Microcontroller

which pins we can used for other purpose

21105 To initialize LCD in 4 bit mode

Lcd is initialize in 4 bit mode For that 0x30 is the be written 3 times on lcd

21106 LCD Functions

User functions - call these from your program (function prototypes are in the lcd

header file)

void lcd_init (void)

void lcd_clear (void)

void lcd_putchar (char c)

void set_cursor (unsigned char column unsigned char line)

void lcd_print (unsigned char const string)

Also a number of low level functions that are called from the user functions see

the lcdc file

void lcd_write_cmd (unsigned char c)

void lcd_write_4bit (unsigned char c)

Dept of ECE SNGCE 9


static unsigned char wait_while_busy (void)

static unsigned char lcd_read_status (void)

2111 LF Amplifier

To generate the current direction of motor SD card is used to store the speech

Since the size of speech signal is very high microcontroller memory is not enough to

store that much size

Dept of ECE SNGCE 10


CHAPTER 3

SPEECH RECOGNITION

31 PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH RECOGNITION

Speech has evolved over a period of ten thousand years as the primary means of

communication between human beings

Speech recognition is a major topic in speech signal processing Speech recognition is

considered as one of the most popular and reliable biometric technologies used in

automatic personal identification systems Speech recognition systems are used for

variety of applications such as multimedia browsing tool access centre security and

finance It allows people work in active environment to use computer

We know that the physiological structure of a vocal tract is different for different

persons Due to this we can differentiate one personrsquos voice from others This difference

in vocal tract structure is reflected in the frequency spectrum of speech signal People

have been using this speech spectrum for speaker identification for a very long time The

Mel-frequency Cepstral coefficients (MFCC) feature was first proposed for speech

recognition This is a filter bank based approach but implemented using time-frequency

analysis technique Here first time analysis is done through framing operation and then

frequency analysis is done by passing that frame through filter bank As the time analysis

is done first to handle the quasi periodicity of the speech signal MFCC needs

overlapping frames Filters are designed in such a way that they resemble the human

auditory frequency perception Later people used MFCC satisfactorily for speaker

recognition also Presently MFCC is the most widely used feature set for speaker

recognition In the MFCC filter bank the low frequencies are given more importance

compared to the high frequencies This structure is very much suitable for speech

recognition

32 CLASSIFICATION OF SPEECH RECOGNITION SYSTEM

Speaker recognition methods can be divided into text independent and text-

dependent methods



321 Text Independent System

In a text independent system speaker models capture characteristics of

somebodyrsquos speech which show up irrespective of what one is saying A text-independent

ASIS does not rely on a specific text being spoken both in the training and testing phase

It relies on long-term statistical characteristics of speech for effecting a successful

identification

322 Text-Dependent System

In text-dependent ASI system (ASIS) a fixed utterance like passwords card

numbers PIN codes etc in both training and testing phase and rely on specific features of

the test utterance in order to affect a match Text dependent system requires less training

than text independant- provides a perfect solution in practical applications

Every technology of speaker recognition identification and verification whether

text independent and text-dependent each has its own advantages and disadvantages and

may require different treatments and techniques The choice of which technology to use

is application-specific At the highest level all speaker recognition systems contain two

main modules feature extraction and feature matching

33 SPEECH RECOGNITION ALGORITHMS

The Speech Recognition can be classified into two phases

Fif]g31Speech Recognition Algorithm


Speech Recognition Algorithms

Training PhaseEach speaker has to provide sample of their vice so that the reference template model can be build

Testing PhaseTo ensure the input test voice is match with stored reference template model and recognition decision are made


331Training Phase

In Training Phase the frequency components of the given speech signal is extracted

332 Testing Phase

In testing phase the input speech is matched with stored references models (s)

and recognition decision is made on the basis of Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients

(MFCC) Linear Prediction Coding( LPC) etc

333 The Complete Speech Recognition system


Feature Extraction

GenerateUpdateReference

Features

Input Speech

SimilarityMeasure

FeatureExtraction

Reference

DecisionLogic

Reference

Test Speech Features Scores Decision

Reference speech sample

Test speech sample

Feature extraction

RecognitionOutput

Recognition decision

Pattern matching

TrainingFeature extraction

Training Phase

Testing Phase

Recognition Phase


34 FEATURE EXTRACTION

341 Preprocessing

Preprocessing is considered as the first step of speech signal processing which

involves the conversion of analog speech signal into a digital form It is a very crucial

step for enabling further processing Here the continuous time signal (speech) is sampled

at discrete time points to form a sample data signal representing the continuous time

signal Then samples are quantized to produce a digital signal The method of obtaining a

discrete time representation of a continuous time signal through periodic sampling where

a sequence of samples x[n] is obtained from a continuous time signal x(t) stated clearly

in the relationship below

x[n] = x(nT)

Where T is the sampling period and ldquo1T = fsrdquo is the sampling frequency in

samplessecond and n is the number of samples It is apparent that more signal data will

be obtained if the samples are taken closer together through making the value of T


Continuous speechFrame Blocking Windowing FFT

Mel-Frequency Wrapping

CepstrumMel Cepstrum

Sk


smaller The size of the sample for a digital signal is determined by the sampling

frequency and the length of the speech signal in seconds

For example if a speech signal is recorded for 2 seconds using sampling

frequency of 10000 Hz the number of samples = 10000 x 2s = 20000 samples

342 Framing

Framing is the process of segmenting the speech samples obtained from the

analog to digital (AD) conversion into small frames with time length in the range of (20

to 40) milliseconds In reference to the human speech production mechanism discussed

earlier speech signal is known to exhibit quasi-stationary behavior in a short period of

time (20 ndash 40) milliseconds Therefore framing enables the non-stationary speech signal

to be segmented into quasistationary frames and enables Fourier transformation of the

speech signal The rationale behind enabling the Fourier transformation of the speech

signal is because a single Fourier transform of the entire speech signal cannot capture the

time varying frequency content due to the nonstationary behavior of the speech signal

Therefore Fourier transform is performed on each segment separately

If the frame length is not too long (20 ndash 40) milliseconds the properties of the

signal will not change appreciably from the beginning of the segment to the end Thus

the DFT of a windowe speech segment should display the frequency ndash domain properties

of the signal at the time corresponding to the window location In addition each frame

overlaps its previous frame by a predefined size The goal of the overlapping scheme is to

smooth the transition from frame to frame Framing is meant to frame the speech samples

into segments small enough so that the speech segment shows quasi-stationary behavior

343 FFT

The next processing step is the Fast Fourier Transform which converts each frame of N

samples from the time domain into the frequency domain The FFT is a fast algorithm to

implement the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)

344Mel Frequency Wrapping



The speech signal consists of tones with different frequencies For each tone with an

actual Frequency f measured in Hz a subjective pitch is measured on the lsquoMelrsquo scale

The mel-frequency scale is linear frequency spacing below 1000Hz and a logarithmic

spacing above 1000Hz As a reference point the pitch of a 1 kHz tone 40dB above the

perceptual hearing threshold is defined as 1000 mels The following formula can used to

compute the mels for given frequency f in Hz

Mel(f)=2595log10(1+f700)

345Cepstrum

The output of the equation is log mel spectrum it has to be converted back into

time The result is called the mel frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCCs) This may be

converted to the time domain using the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) The number

of mel cepstrum coefficients K is typically chosen as 33 The first component C0 is

excluded from the DCT since it represents the mean value of the input signal which

carries little speaker specific information

35 FEATURE MATCHING

351 Vector Quantization

Vector Quantization is the generalization of Scalar Quantization to groups of n

pixels called vectors (of length n) A Vector Quantizer needs only a codebook and a

distorsion measure usually MSE (Mean Squared Error) Vector quantization (VQ) is a

lossy data compression method based on the principle of block coding It is a fixed-to-

fixed length algorithm In 1980 Linde Buzo and Gray (LBG) proposed a VQ design

algorithm based on a training sequence The use of a training sequence bypasses the need

for multi-dimensional integration A VQ that is designed using this algorithm are referred

to in the literature as an LBG-VQ

Vector Quantization (VQ) is a process of mapping vectors of a large vector space to a

finite number of regions in that space Each region is called a cluster and is represented

by its centre (called a centroid) A collection of all the centroids makes up a codebook

The amount of data is significantly less since the number of centroids is at least ten times

smaller than the number of vectors in the original sample This will reduce the amount of

computations needed for comparison in later stages Even though the codebook is smaller



than the original sample it still accurately represents a personrsquos voice characteristics The

only difference is that there will be some spectral distortion The sound is compressed to

reduce the storage requirement An element in a finite set of spectra in a codebook is

called a codevector The codebooks are used to generate indices or discrete symbols If

we denote the size of the VQ codebook as M = 2N codewords then we require an L (with

L gtgt M) number of vectors It has been found that L should at least be 10M in order to

train a VQ codebook that works well For this project we use the LBG algorithm also

known as the binary split algorithm

352 LBG Design Algorithm

The LBG VQ design algorithm is an iterative algorithm It is proposed by Y

Linde A Buzo amp R Gray This alternatively solves optimality criteria and is used to

generate the codebook It performs minimizing a distortion criterion applied on vectors of

a training set The maximal rate of encoding is given by R = -log L bits pixel where L

is the number of codebook vectors and n their dimension We can see that for a fixed

value of R we can use several pairs (Ln) Because of Full Search applied on a large

volume of data L is limited to 256 and n to 4 in order to reach a 2x2 bpp rate



CHAPTER 4

ARM MICROCONTROLLER

The ARM7TDMI core is a member of the ARM family of general-purpose 32-bit

microprocessors The ARM family offers high performance for very low power

consumption and small size The ARM architecture is based on Reduced Instruction Set

Computer (RISC) principles The RISC(software) instruction set and related decode

mechanism are much simpler than those of Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC)

designs This simplicity gives

a high instruction throughput

an excellent real-time interrupt response

a small cost-effective processor macro cell

LPC23646878 is an ARM-based microcontroller for applications requiring

serial communications for a variety of purposes

41 FEATURES

ARM7TDMI-S processor running at up to 72 MHz

Up to 512 kB on-chip Flash Program Memory



Up to 32 kB of SRAM on the ARM for high performance CPU access and 16 kB

Static RAM for Ethernet interface and 8 kB Static RAM for USB interface

Dual AHB system that provides for simultaneous Ethernet DMA USB DMA

8-bit data16-bit address parallel bus is available in LPC2378 only

Advanced Vectored Interrupt Controller supporting up to 32 vectored interrupts

42 SERIAL INTERFACES

Ethernet MAC with associated DMA controller

Four UARTs with fractional baud rate generation one with modem control IO

one with IrDA support all with FIFO

Two CAN channels Three I2C SPI controller are reside on the APB bus

Secure Digital (SD) Multi Media Card (MMC) memory card interface

Up to 70 (LPC236468) or 104 (LPC2378) general purpose IO pins

10 bit AD converter with input multiplexing among 6 pins

10 bit DA converter

Four general purpose Timers with two capture inputs each

Real Time Clock with separate power pin clock source can be the RTC oscillator

or the APB clock

The watchdog timer can be clocked from the internal RC oscillator the RTC

oscillator or the APB clock

Standard ARM TestDebug interface for compatibility with existing tools

Emulation Trace Module

Four external interrupt inputs

43 GENERAL PURPOSE IO

The LPC23xx has up to five General purpose IO ports which each contain 32 IO

lines giving a maximum of 160 pinsPORT0 and PORT2 can generate an interrupt when

there is a rising or falling edge on an individual pin

431 Fast IO Registers

The LPC23xx family has a set of GPIO control registers located on the local bus called

the Fast GPIO control registers On reset the pin connect block configures all the

peripheral pins to be general purpose IO (GPIO) input pins The GPIO pins are



controlled by four registers as shown below

41 GPIO Register

Each GPIO pin is controlled by a bit in each of the four GPIO registers These bits

data direction setclear and pin status The FIODIR pin allows each pin to be individually

configured as an input (0) or an output (1) If the pin is an output the FIOSET and

FIOCLR registers allow you to control the state of the pin The state of the GPIO pin can

be read at any time by reading the contents of the FIOPIN register The FIOMASK register

is used to mask individual bits of the FIOSET FIOCLR and FIOPIN register This

masking helps speed up low level IO bit manipulation

PORT0 and PORT1 can be accessed as general purpose as well as fast ports but

P2P3ampP4 can be accessed only as fast ports

44 UART

The LPC23xx devices currently have four on-chip UARTS They are all identical

to use but UART1 has additional modem support and UART3 which has IrDA support

All the UARTs have a built-in Baud rate generator with autobaud capability and 16 byte

transmit and receive FIFOs

First the pinselect block must be programmed to switch the processor pins from

GPIO to the UART functions Then LCR configures the format of transmitted data

Usually the character format is set to 8 bits no parity and one stop bit In the LCR there

is an additional bit called DLAB which is the divisor latch access bit In order to be able

to program the Baud rate generator this bit must be set The Baud rate generator is a

sixteen bit prescaler which divides down Pclk to generate the UART clock which must

run at 16 times the Baud rate This is formula used to calculate the UART Baud rate Dept of ECE SNGCE 20

FIOPIN

FIOCLR

FIOSET

FIODIR


Divisor = Pclk16 BAUD

Consider Pclk= 30MHz

Divisor = 3000000016 x 9600 = 194 or 0xC2

Often it is not possible to get an exact Baud rate for the UARTs they will work

with up to around a 5 error in the bit timing The divisor value is held in two registers

Divisor latch MSB (DLM) and Divisor latch LSB (DLL)

441 Data Transfer

Once the UART is initialised characters can be transmitted by writing to the

Transmit Holding Register Similarly characters may be received by reading from the

Receive Buffer Register Both these registers occupy the same memory location Writing

a character places the character in the transmit FIFO and reading from this location loads

a character from the Receive FIFO The putchar() and getchar functions are used to

readwrite a single character to the UART

45 ADC (Analog to Digital Converter)

The AD converter present on LPC2300 variants is a 10-bit successive

approximation converter with a conversion time of 244 uSec The AD converter has

either 6 or 8 multiplexed inputs depending on the variant The converter is available with

4 or 8 channels of 10-bit resolution

The AD control register establishes the configuration of the converter and

controls the start of conversion The first step in configuring the converter is to set up the

peripheral clock The AD clock is also derived from the PCLK This PCLK must be

divided down to equal 45MHz This is a maximum value and if PCLK cannot be divided

down to equal 45MHz then the nearest value below 45MHz which can be achieved

should be selected

AD Control register The control register PCLK is divided by the value stored in the

CLKDIV field plus one Hence the e quation for the AD clock is as follows

CLKDIV = (PCLKAdclk) - 1

Unlike other peripherals the AD converter can make measurements of the

external pins when they are configured as GPIO pins



Once you have configured the AD resolution a conversion can be made The

AD has two conversion modes hardware and software The hardware mode allows you

to select a number of channels and then set the AD running In this mode a conversion is

made for each channel in turn until the converter is stopped At the end of each

conversion the result is available in the AD Global data register and in a dedicated

results register for each channel ADDR0 ndash ADDR7 At the end of conversion the Done

bit is set and an an interrupt may also be generated if the global enable and channel

interrupt enable bits are set in the A to D Interrupt enable register The conversion result

is stored as a ratio of the voltage on the analog channel divided by the voltage on the

analog power supply pin The number of the channel for which the conversion was made

is also stored alongside the result This value is stored in the CHN field Finally if the

result of a conversion is not read before the next result is due it will be overwritten by

the fresh result and the OVERUN bit is set to one If you are using multiple AD channels

the AD status register provides global access to the DONE and Overrun bits for each

channel

46 DAC(Digital To Analog Converter)

The LPC23xx variants have a 10-bit Digital to analog converter This is an easy-

to-use peripheral as it only has a single register The DAC is enabled by writing to bits 20

and 21 of PINSEL1 and converting pin 026 from GPIO to the AOUT function The

channel of the analog to digital converter also shares this pin The DAC is controlled by a

single register The value to be converted is written here along with the bias value Once

enabled a conversion can be started by writing to the VALUE bits in the control register

The conversion time is dependent on the value of the BIAS bit If it is set to one the

conversion time is 25uSec but it can drive 700 uA If it is zero the conversion time is 1

uSec but it is only able to deliver 350 uA

47 TIMER

The LPC23xx has four general purpose timers All of the general purpose timers

are identical in structure and use The timers are based around a 32-bit timer-counter with

a 32-bit prescaler The default clock source for all of the timers is the APB peripheral

clock Pclk The tick rate of timer is controlled by the value stored in the prescaler



register The prescaler register will increment on each tick of Pclk until it reaches the

value stored in prescaler register When it reaches the prescale value the timer-counter is

incremented by one and the prescale counter resets to zero and starts counting again

Capture Mode Each timer has upto four capture channels The capture channels

allows to capture the value of the timer-counter when an input signal makes a transition

Counter Mode The count control register allows to select between each timer as

a counter or a pure timer

Match Mode Each timer has upto four match channels Each match channel has

a match register which stores a 32-bit number The current value of timer-counter is

compared against the match register When the values match an event is triggered

48 INTERRUPT

There is two interrupt inputs

FIQ (fast interrupt request)

IRQ (interrupt request)

Here in this project interrupt is set whenever the UART receiver has Data



CHAPTER 5

ARM DEVELOPMENT BOARD

51 MCB 2300

The ARM development board from KEILThe connectors on the evaluation board

provide easy access to many of the on-chip peripherals

511 Block Diagram


Ethernet

LCD Display

Reset amp Interrupt

Dual CAN

Analog Input Dual RS 232

Port LEDs

CPULPC 23X8

Configuration Jumpers

USB amp Power COM

SD cards


Figure 51 Block Diagram Of MCB 23xx

The hardware block diagram displays input configuration power system and

User IO on the board

512 MCB 2300 Development board

(1) JTAG Download and Debug

A JTAG interface is on the MCB2300 board and coupled with the ULINK USB-

JTAG adapter allows flash programming The on-chip debug interface can perform real-

time in-circuit emulation of the LPC2300 device

Figure 112 MCB 2300 Development Board

(2) SD LED Indicates that an SD card is detected

(3) amp (5) Dual Serial Ports Standard DB9 connectors are on the MCB2300 for both of

the LPC2300rsquos serial ports COM1 amp COM2

(4) Configuration Jumpers To enable or disable certain features



(6) Reset The Reset push button connects to the reset circuit This resets the

microcontroller

(7) Potentiometer It connects to Port 023 (AD00) when the Jumper AD00 is enabled

The voltage range is 00-33 Volts It is an adjustable analog voltage source is on the

board for testing the Analog to Digital output feature of the LPC2300

(8) The INT0 push button connects to the external interrupt 0 (INT0) of the

microcontroller Removing Jumper INT0 disables this button

(9) Port LED driverTo drive port LEDs Removing Jumper J11 disables the Port LED

driver chip

(10)Port LED P20 - P27 connect to eight Port 2 pins when jumper J11 is installed

These LEDs are useful for indicating program status while testing applications

(11) Crystal oscillator A 120 MHz crystal provides the clock signal for the CPU

(12) Prototyping area The prototyping area provides blocks for adding components and

connecting the address data and IO ports All 144 pins on the LPC2378 MCU are

brought out for prototyping

(13) LF Amplifier

An LF Amplifier on the MCB2300 connects the DA output of the LPC2300

device to a speaker amp use this LF Amplifier to generate sound

(14) Configuration jumper for LF amplifier J3 - DA Output connects the AOUT output

to the LF amplifier

(15) amp (16) Dual CAN Ports

Standard DB9 connectors are on the MCB2300 board for applications requiring

CAN communications Application may use either or both of these ports or they may be

disabled with a configuration jumper


(18) The LCD Contrast control adjusts the brightness and contrast of the LCD display

(19) The Ethernet Connector MCB2300 board uses the 10100 Fast Ethernet

(20) USB Host Connector It is a connector for USB hosting applications

(21)Power USB To supplies power the board and allows the board to be configured as a



(22)USB-OTG Connector A mini-USB connector for USB-OTG (On-The-Go)

applications

(23) LCD Display

A 2-line by 16-character 8-bit LCD display You may use this text display device

to show real-time debug and program status messages

(24) SD The MCB2300 board supports one SD memory card connector that allows you to

connect a wide range of memory cardsThe SD memory card connector is located beneath

the LCD panel

(25) Power LED Indicates that power is present on the board

(26) Microcontroller

The NXP LPC2368 LPC2378 LPC2387 or LPC2388 microcontroller provided

with the MCB2300 board is a high-end LPC23xx device with advanced ADC DAC and

USB capabilities

52 Hardware Requirements

To use the MCB2300 Evaluation Kit you need

The MCB2300 Evaluation Board

An IBM-compatible PC with either of the following

Two unused USB portsmdashone to supply power to the board and one for

downloading and debugging

An unused RS-232 COM port for Flash In-System Programming (ISP) via the

Serial Interface

To run the Keil debugger using JTAG emulation need

A ULINK USB-JTAG Adapter

Two USB cables

To program the MCB2300 using the Flash Magic Utility you need



A serial cable 9-pin male to 9-pin female no longer than 10ft3m wired one-to-

one

53 Software Requirements

Must install the following required software to use the MCB2300 Evaluation

Board

Windows Operating System

The Keil microVision tool chain runs in these Windows Operating Systems

Microsoft Windows 2000

Microsoft Windows XP

Tools and Examples

To compile link and run applications on the MCB2300 Evaluation Board you

must install these Keil products

Keil MDK-ARM Evaluation Tools

Example programs written for the MCB2300 These programs are included in the

Keil MDK-ARM Evaluation Toolkits

54 Writing Programs

For writing programs you will be introduced to the Keil development tools which

shows you the step-by-step process of microVision to create compile download debug and

run a program on the MCB2300 board

Writing programs for the MCB2300 board is easy The steps are

Create the Application Program using the microVision IDE and the ARM CC++

Compiler

Download the program to the on-chip Flash of the MCB2300 Board

Debug the program using microVision Debugger and ULINK



CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE

61 THE ARM COMPILER

The ARM compiler armcc is an optimizing C and C++ compiler that compiles

Standard C and C++ source code into machine code for ARM based processors

612 microVision3 IDE

The microVision3 IDE is a Windows-based software development platform that

combines a robust editor project manager microVision3 integrates all tools including the C

compiler macro assembler linkerlocator and HEX file generator microVision3 helps

expedite the development process of your embedded applications by providing the

following

Full-featured source code editor

Device database for configuring the development tool setting

Project manager for creating and maintaining your projects

Integrated make facility for assembling compiling and linking your embedded

applications

Dialogs for all development tool settings



True integrated source-level Debugger with high-speed CPU and peripheral

simulator

Flash programming utility for downloading the application program into Flash

ROM

The microVision3 IDE offers numerous features and advantages that help to quickly

and successfully develop embedded applications The microVision3 IDE and Debugger is the

central part of the Keil development tool chain microVision3 offers a Build Mode and a

Debug Mode

62 PROGRAMMING FLASH

The MCB2300 board supports downloading programs to Flash memory using

either the ULINK JTAG adapter or the Flash Magic utility

The ULINK USB-JTAG Adapter connects the USB port of your PC to the

JTAG port of the MCB2300 It supports programming Flash emulation and

debug capabilities

The Flash Magic Utility connects the COM port of your PC to the serial port

(UART) of the MCB2300 board It only supports programming Flash using

the ISP Flash Interface

Flash Magic is Windows software from the Embedded Systems Academy that

allows easy access to all the ISP features provided by the devices These features

include

Erasing the Flash memory (individual blocks or the whole device)

Programming the Flash memory

Reading Flash memory

Performing a blank check on a section of Flash memory

Reading and writing the security bits



Direct load of a new baud rate (high speed communications)

Sending commands to place device in Bootloader mode

63 MATLAB

MATLAB is a high-performance language for technical computing It is a

numerical computing environment and fourth generation programming language

MATLAB (meaning matrix laboratory) was created in the late 1970s by Cleve Moler

then chairman of the computer science department at the University of New Mexico and

developed by The Math Works It integrates computation visualization and

programming in an easy-to-use environment where problems and solutions are expressed

in familiar mathematical notation Typical uses include

Math and computation

Algorithm development

Data acquisition

Modelling simulation and prototyping

Data analysis exploration and visualization

Scientific and engineering graphics

Application development including graphical user interface building

MATLAB is an interactive system whose basic data element is an array that does

not require dimensioning This allows solving many technical computing problems

especially those with matrix and vector formulations in a fraction of the time it would

take to write a program in a scalar non interactive language such as C or FORTRAN

MATLAB was originally written to provide easy access to matrix software developed by

the LINPACK and EISPACK

Key features

High-level language for technical computing

Environment for managing code files and data

Interactive tools for iterative exploration design and problem solving

Mathematical functions for linear algebra statistics Fourier analysis filtering

optimization and numerical integration

2-D and 3-D graphics functions for visualizing data



Tools for building custom graphical user interfaces

Functions for integrating MATLAB based algorithms with external applications

and languages such as C C++ Fortran Java COM and Microsoft Excel

The MATLAB language supports the vector and matrix operations that are

fundamental to engineering and scientific problems It enables fast development and

execution With the MATLAB language you can program and develop algorithms faster

than with traditional languages because you do not need to perform low-level

administrative tasks such as declaring variables specifying data types and allocating

memory In many cases MATLAB eliminates the need for lsquoforrsquo loops As a result one

line of MATLAB code can often replace several lines of C or C++ code At the same

time MATLAB provides all the features of a traditional programming language

including arithmetic operators flow control data structures data types object-oriented

programming (OOP) and debugging features MATLAB lets you execute commands or

groups of commands one at a time without compiling and linking enabling you to

quickly iterate to the optimal solution

The MATLAB system consists of five main parts

1 Development Environment This is the set of tools and facilities that help you to

use MATLAB functions and files Many of these tools are graphical user interfaces It

includes the MATLAB desktop and Command Window a command history an editor

and debugger and browsers for viewing help the workspace files and the search path

2 The MATLAB Mathematical Function Library This is a vast collection of

computational algorithms ranging from elementary functions like sum sine cosine and

complex arithmetic to more sophisticated functions like matrix inverse matrix Eigen

values Bessel functions and fast Fourier transforms

3 The MATLAB Language This is a high-level matrixarray language with control

flow statements functions data structures inputoutput and object-oriented

programming features It allows both ldquoprogramming in the smallrdquo to rapidly create quick

and dirty throw-away programs and ldquoprogramming in the largerdquo to create complete large

and complex application programs



4 Graphics MATLAB has extensive facilities for displaying vectors and matrices

as graphs as well as annotating and printing these graphs It includes high-level functions

for two-dimensional and three-dimensional data visualization image processing

animation and presentation graphics It also includes low-level functions that allow you

to fully customize the appearance of graphics as well as to build complete graphical user

interfaces on your MATLAB applications

The MATLAB Application Program Interface (API) This is a library that allows

you to write C and Fortran programs that interact with MATLAB It includes facilities for

callingroutines from MATLAB (dynamic linking)

64 DESIGNING GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACES

A GUI is a graphical user interface to a computer It (GUI) is a type of user

interface item that allows people to interact with programs in more ways than typing such

as computers hand-held devices such as MP3 Players Portable Media Players or Gaming

devices household appliances and office equipment with images rather than text

commands A GUI offers graphical icons and visual indicators to fully represent the

information and actions available to a user The actions are usually performed through

direct manipulation of the graphical elements GUI Operating Systems are operated by

using a mouse the keyboard can also be used by using keyboard shortcuts or arrow keys

One can use the interactive tool GUIDE (Graphical User Interface Development

Environment) to lay out design and edit user interfaces GUIDE lets you include list

boxes pull-down menus push buttons radio buttons sliders and even MATLAB plots

Alternatively you can create GUIs programmatically using MATLAB functions A

pushbutton is typically used when you want an immediate action to occur when the user

presses the button

GUIDE MATLABrsquos Graphical User Interface development environment

provides a set of tools for laying out GUI The Layout Editor is the control panel for

GUIDE To start the Layout Editor use the guide command The following picture shows

the Layout Editor



GUIDE is an interactive tool for designing and building Graphical User Interfaces

(GUI) for Matlab applications

GUI building process involves

(a) Designing of the user interface and layout

(b) Programming of the GUI and its components

(c) Testing debugging and finally running it

Figure 61 GUIDE Layout

641 Starting Up GUI

Either click on the Guide Icon on the Matlab-Toolbar or type guide on the command

window This will open the Quick start GUI template selection window Matlab provides

a few templates to help with the common GUI design task The initial layout area is

usually resizable by clicking and dragging the handles on the corners of the template

area

642 Initializing GUIDE



The LHS of the Guide window contains a components palette Your layout-

design task will involve dragging and dropping the GUI control components from the

palette onto the layout area

643 Designing The Guide Layout

The user interface will usually be made up of

Toolbars and Menus

Input Control components such as

Push Buttons Radio Buttons Check Boxes ( Switches)

Pop-up Menus List-Boxes ( Selections)

Sliders ( Continuous Control )

Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text

The items labelled Panels and Button Groups in the components palette are used

for grouping together of the control elements A panel can be created by dragging and

dropping a panel from the components pallet onto the layout panel Control items that are

to be contained by that panel can simply be dragged and dropped onto the panel Button

Groups are like panels but their only real purpose is to group together the Radio Buttons

and the Toggle Buttons These options can be presented as three separate radio button

contained within a Button-Group panel If they were not contained in a button-group

panel these three controls would operate independently of each other making it possible

to select any combinations of them which are not sensible Whereas when they are

contained in a button-group selection of one would automatically de-select the other two

644 Saving GUI

Once the layout of the GUI is ready it should be saved it for future use Graphical User

Interfaces generated by GUIDE are saved into two closely linked files- namely

your_gui_namefig and your_gui_namem



The figure (fig) file contains all the information related to the layout and

appearance The script (m) file contains all the programming logic aspects of the GUI

Most of the programming components of interest in the m file will be contained in the

set of function-stubs ready for use as call-back functions to various control objects

645 Programming the GUI

After laying out the GUI and setting its component properties the next step will be to

program its behavior Callback specifies the action to take when control activated eg

what to do when mouse clicked on button The code contained in the callback functions

will control how the GUI responds to events such as button clicks menu item selection

window resizing as well as creation and deletion of components There will normally

be one callback function per component on the

GUI interface All these functions will be contained in a single m file Names of the

callback functions for each gui component will also be automatically generated by

GUIDE using the convention function ltobjects_taggt_ltevent_to_handlegt

After programming the GUI the next step is to run the GUI On running the GUI the

following screen is obtained by pressing the green coloured button in the figure 52

646 Serial IO with MATLAB (quick launch)

The following steps are required for serial data communication

1 Create serial port object Use MATLAB command serial

2 Configure serial port object get and set commands

3 Connect to the device Fopen

4 Configure if required get and set commands

5 Write data with fprintf command Read data with fscanf command

6 Disconnect device on transmission over Use fclose

65 ALGORITHM

651 Section 1 MATLAB

Step 1 Start

Step 2 Record the voice command using wavrecord function

Step 3 Get Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient



Step 4 Get Vector Quantized output of MFCC Vector and stored into a file as text

document

Step 5 Get measuring similarity between training and testing input voice signal sing

Euclidian distance

Step 6 Received external voice command (Speaker)

Step 7 If the command Match with reference Template send the corresponding

command to the Microcontroller board Else go to step 6

Step 8 Stop

652The algorithm of MFCC extraction

Step 1 Start

Step 2 Read normalized speech signal

Step 3 Apply for framing blocking

Step 4 Apply for signal windowing with formula

Step 5 Apply for FFT extraction with formula

Step 6 Apply for Mel filter bank extraction formula

Step 7 Take logarithm of the resultant coefficient

Step 8 Apply DCT to obtain cepstral coefficient

653 The algorithm of VQ extraction (LBG algorithm)

Step 1 Determine the number of code words N or the size of the codebook

Step 2 Select N code words at random and let that be the initial codebook The initial

code words can be randomly chosen from the set of input vectors

Step 3 Using the Euclidean distance measure clusterize the vectors around each code

word This is done by taking each input vector and finding the Euclidean distance

between it and each code word The input vector belongs to the cluster of the code word

that yields the minimum distance

Step 4 Compute the new set of code words This is done by obtaining the average of

each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij


Where i is the component of each vector (x y z directions) m is the number of

vectors in the cluster

Step 5 Add the component of each vector and divide by the number of vectors in the

cluster

Step 6 Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the either the code words dont change or the change in

the code words is small

Step 7 Stop

66 Section 2Embedded C

Step 1 Start

Step 2 Initialize LCD in 4 Bit mode

Step 3 Disable ETM (Setting PinSel10=0)

Step 4 Set fast IO port 2 as output port

Step 5 Initialize UART (UART 0 as receiver and UART 1 as transmitter)

Step 6 Initialize Timer to set delay

Step 7 Initialize ADC to accept SD card output

Step 8 Check for SD card If card is ready then go to step 9 else go to end

Step 9 Then play the welcome message using DAC and LF amplifier

Step 10 Check for data in UART If data is available set Motor flag

Step 11 If motor flag=1 go to step 12else go to step 10

Step 12UART data is compared with the data in the database inorder to find motor

reference

Step 13 If motor reference =0 go to step 14else go to step 18

Step 14 Call function to Run forward

Step 15 Send message to assigned mobile regarding the status of motor using GSM

module

Step 16 Display the direction in LCD

Step 17 Play the direction using LF amplifier


Step 19 Call function to Run backward




module




Step 24 Call function to stop the motor


module



Step 28 Display Invalid on LCD screen

Step 29 Play error message

Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

In the experimental setup of DC motor drive through speech recognition the

speech signal is taken by microphone that is connected to computer Software coding is

to calculate the MFCC and VQ (LBG algorithm) MATLAB 77 version is used recognize

the input speech taken from micro phone And for hardware part to make DC motor

understands MCB2300 (Microcontroller LPC2388) is used LCD display in the board is

used to display the direction LF amplifier is used to generate the sound that is stored in

the SD card which indicates the directionGSM module is used to send message to

specified number to inform the current status of motor For microcontroller coding

Embedded C programming is used The interfacing between computer and

microcontroller is done by RS-232 For drive the DC motor the driver IC L293D is used



CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT

The system shall be developed up to the hardware level in which users will be

able to use a real system with its hardware rather using a simulation of the system The

process of converting the simulation into the hardware could be costly and time

consuming but will be very effective and efficient system for driving DC motor This is a

user friendly system and it will display its direction and it will play the direction using

LF amplifier also send message to specified number regarding the current direction This

motor can be implemented on a wheel chair to control its position or to control robotic

arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS

The isolated word automatic speech recognition systems can be enhanced in many

ways and there will always be new developments in this technology and new areas for

researchers to explore

The system shall be able to accept voice inputs from various users In other

words this system shall be improved further to be multi-users system which accepts

voice inputs from different people with different voice frequencies and nature Here this

is a single user system

The system shall provide more language preferences for users so that the most

commonly used and spoken languages could be provided in the system which will ease

the process of communication Here I implemented for English language

The system shall consider the accuracy and security part of it It is very hard and

difficult to get accuracy Therefore it should use different techniques in order to achieve

a better and higher accuracy

The system might have to consider other methodologies for speech recognition



techniques apart from what has been used in this research Other techniques could be like

neural networks and Hidden Markov Model in order to achieve better accuracy

In future we can also optimize the MATLAB codeso that execution time can be

reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT





CHAPTER 14CONCLUSION

In this project MFCC and VQ techniques are used in speech recognition to control

the DC motor drive The code developed in MATLAB using MFCC and VQ can be even

used for control and drive the stepper motor servo motor etc The developed speech

algorithm can be use for navigation purpose to control robots to drive electric vehicles

(like wheelchair) security areas (like banking unman vehicles remote access of

computers where speech can be use as password)



REFERENCES

1) An Efficient MFCC Extraction Method in Speech Recognition Wei HAN Cheong-Fat

CHAN Chiu-Sing CHOY and Kong-Pang PUN Department of Electronic Engineering

The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong IEEE 2006

2) Differential MFCC and Vector Quantization used for Real-Time Speaker Recognition

System 2008 IEEE Congress on Image and Signal Processing Wang Chen1049288Miao

Zhenjiang Institute of Information Science Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044

China

3) Speaker Identification Using MEL Frequency Cepstral Coefficientrdquo Md Rashidul

Hasan Mustafa Jamil Md Golam Rabbani Md Saifur Rahman Electrical and Electronic

Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 3rd International

Conference on Electrical amp Computer Engineering ICECE 2004 28-30 December 2004

Dhaka Bangladesh

4) A Mixed Parameter Method Based on MFCC and Fractal Dimension for Speech

Recognition Minghai Yao Jing Hu and Qinlong Gu College of Information



Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310032 China

Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Conference on Information Acquisition

August 20 - 23 2006 Weihai Shandong China

5) A Vector Quantization Approach to Speaker Recognition F K Soong A E Rosenberg

L R Rabiner B H Juang ATampT Bell Laboratories Murray Hill New Jersey 07974

6) A Speaker Identification System using MFCC Features with VQ Technique 2009

Third International Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology Application

7) A Robotic Arm Design for Stroke Patients 2009 3rd International Conference on

Power Electronics Systems and Applications Digital Reference K210509126

8) Speaker Identification by using Vector Quantization Dr H B Kekre et al

International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol 2(5) 2010 1325-1331

9) MFCC and its applications in speaker recognition Vibha Tiwari Deptt of Electronics

Engg Gyan Ganga Institute of Technology and Management Bhopal (MP) INDIA

(Received 5 Nov 2009 Accepted 10 Feb 2010) International Journal on Emerging

Technologies 1(1) 19-22(2010)





Tools and Examples


CHAPTER 2

PROPOSED BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig21 Proposed Block diagram

21 BLOCK DIAGRAM EXPLANATION

211 Microphone

Microphone is used to capture the sound

212 Personal Computer

To capture sound from microphone and to process the signal to identify the

personFigure shows the block diagram of what is happening in PC

Dept of ECE SNGCE 2

Microphone (1)

LM293D (6)

LPC 2388 Microcontroller Development

BoardARM7 (4)

PC (2)

RS232 (3)

Rotate Forward

Stop

Rotate Backward

To control speed

DC motor (7)

Buzzer (5)

GSM Module (8)

SD Card (9) LCD (10) LF Amplifier (11)









Mels

213 RS232




232





Dept of ECE SNGCE 3

Vector Quantization

MFCC

Euclidian Distance

Audio signal















215 Buzzer



216 LM293D









Dept of ECE SNGCE 4



217 DC motor









Dept of ECE SNGCE 5


Fig24 DC motor




AT+CMGR= no




219 SD Card










Dept of ECE SNGCE 6


Fig25 SD card






2110 LCD


Fig26 LCD display





Dept of ECE SNGCE 7



refreshing LCD





lines




















screen

Dept of ECE SNGCE 8






low



DB4 DB5 DB6 and DB7








21106 LCD Functions


header file)







the lcdc file



Dept of ECE SNGCE 9




2111 LF Amplifier






CHAPTER 3

SPEECH RECOGNITION























recognition



dependent methods








identification



















331Training Phase


332 Testing Phase






Feature Extraction


Features

Input Speech

SimilarityMeasure

FeatureExtraction

Reference

DecisionLogic

Reference



Test speech sample

Feature extraction

RecognitionOutput


Pattern matching


Training Phase

Testing Phase

Recognition Phase



341 Preprocessing









x[n] = x(nT)








Sk






342 Framing


















343 FFT













Mel(f)=2595log10(1+f700)

345Cepstrum







35 FEATURE MATCHING




































CHAPTER 4

ARM MICROCONTROLLER












41 FEATURES


















10 bit DA converter



or the APB clock

















41 GPIO Register










44 UART












FIOPIN

FIOCLR

FIOSET

FIODIR




Divisor = 3000000016 x 9600 = 194 or 0xC2




441 Data Transfer

















should be selected






















channel











47 TIMER

















48 INTERRUPT







CHAPTER 5


51 MCB 2300



511 Block Diagram


Ethernet

LCD Display

Reset amp Interrupt

Dual CAN


Port LEDs

CPULPC 23X8


USB amp Power COM

SD cards


















microcontroller







driver chip







(13) LF Amplifier




to the LF amplifier













applications

(23) LCD Display





the LCD panel





USB capabilities








Serial Interface



Two USB cables





one



Board





Tools and Examples






54 Writing Programs






Compiler





CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE

61 THE ARM COMPILER








following





applications





simulator


ROM




Debug Mode






debug capabilities






include










63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples









Mels

213 RS232




232





Dept of ECE SNGCE 3

Vector Quantization

MFCC

Euclidian Distance

Audio signal















215 Buzzer



216 LM293D









Dept of ECE SNGCE 4



217 DC motor









Dept of ECE SNGCE 5


Fig24 DC motor




AT+CMGR= no




219 SD Card










Dept of ECE SNGCE 6


Fig25 SD card






2110 LCD


Fig26 LCD display





Dept of ECE SNGCE 7



refreshing LCD





lines




















screen

Dept of ECE SNGCE 8






low



DB4 DB5 DB6 and DB7








21106 LCD Functions


header file)







the lcdc file



Dept of ECE SNGCE 9




2111 LF Amplifier






CHAPTER 3

SPEECH RECOGNITION























recognition



dependent methods








identification



















331Training Phase


332 Testing Phase






Feature Extraction


Features

Input Speech

SimilarityMeasure

FeatureExtraction

Reference

DecisionLogic

Reference



Test speech sample

Feature extraction

RecognitionOutput


Pattern matching


Training Phase

Testing Phase

Recognition Phase



341 Preprocessing









x[n] = x(nT)








Sk






342 Framing


















343 FFT













Mel(f)=2595log10(1+f700)

345Cepstrum







35 FEATURE MATCHING




































CHAPTER 4

ARM MICROCONTROLLER












41 FEATURES


















10 bit DA converter



or the APB clock

















41 GPIO Register










44 UART












FIOPIN

FIOCLR

FIOSET

FIODIR




Divisor = 3000000016 x 9600 = 194 or 0xC2




441 Data Transfer

















should be selected






















channel











47 TIMER

















48 INTERRUPT







CHAPTER 5


51 MCB 2300



511 Block Diagram


Ethernet

LCD Display

Reset amp Interrupt

Dual CAN


Port LEDs

CPULPC 23X8


USB amp Power COM

SD cards


















microcontroller







driver chip







(13) LF Amplifier




to the LF amplifier













applications

(23) LCD Display





the LCD panel





USB capabilities








Serial Interface



Two USB cables





one



Board





Tools and Examples






54 Writing Programs






Compiler





CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE

61 THE ARM COMPILER








following





applications





simulator


ROM




Debug Mode






debug capabilities






include










63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples














215 Buzzer



216 LM293D









Dept of ECE SNGCE 4



217 DC motor









Dept of ECE SNGCE 5


Fig24 DC motor




AT+CMGR= no




219 SD Card










Dept of ECE SNGCE 6


Fig25 SD card






2110 LCD


Fig26 LCD display





Dept of ECE SNGCE 7



refreshing LCD





lines




















screen

Dept of ECE SNGCE 8






low



DB4 DB5 DB6 and DB7








21106 LCD Functions


header file)







the lcdc file



Dept of ECE SNGCE 9




2111 LF Amplifier






CHAPTER 3

SPEECH RECOGNITION























recognition



dependent methods








identification



















331Training Phase


332 Testing Phase






Feature Extraction


Features

Input Speech

SimilarityMeasure

FeatureExtraction

Reference

DecisionLogic

Reference



Test speech sample

Feature extraction

RecognitionOutput


Pattern matching


Training Phase

Testing Phase

Recognition Phase



341 Preprocessing









x[n] = x(nT)








Sk






342 Framing


















343 FFT













Mel(f)=2595log10(1+f700)

345Cepstrum







35 FEATURE MATCHING




































CHAPTER 4

ARM MICROCONTROLLER












41 FEATURES


















10 bit DA converter



or the APB clock

















41 GPIO Register










44 UART












FIOPIN

FIOCLR

FIOSET

FIODIR




Divisor = 3000000016 x 9600 = 194 or 0xC2




441 Data Transfer

















should be selected






















channel











47 TIMER

















48 INTERRUPT







CHAPTER 5


51 MCB 2300



511 Block Diagram


Ethernet

LCD Display

Reset amp Interrupt

Dual CAN


Port LEDs

CPULPC 23X8


USB amp Power COM

SD cards


















microcontroller







driver chip







(13) LF Amplifier




to the LF amplifier













applications

(23) LCD Display





the LCD panel





USB capabilities








Serial Interface



Two USB cables





one



Board





Tools and Examples






54 Writing Programs






Compiler





CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE

61 THE ARM COMPILER








following





applications





simulator


ROM




Debug Mode






debug capabilities






include










63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples



217 DC motor









Dept of ECE SNGCE 5


Fig24 DC motor




AT+CMGR= no




219 SD Card










Dept of ECE SNGCE 6


Fig25 SD card






2110 LCD


Fig26 LCD display





Dept of ECE SNGCE 7



refreshing LCD





lines




















screen

Dept of ECE SNGCE 8






low



DB4 DB5 DB6 and DB7








21106 LCD Functions


header file)







the lcdc file



Dept of ECE SNGCE 9




2111 LF Amplifier






CHAPTER 3

SPEECH RECOGNITION























recognition



dependent methods








identification



















331Training Phase


332 Testing Phase






Feature Extraction


Features

Input Speech

SimilarityMeasure

FeatureExtraction

Reference

DecisionLogic

Reference



Test speech sample

Feature extraction

RecognitionOutput


Pattern matching


Training Phase

Testing Phase

Recognition Phase



341 Preprocessing









x[n] = x(nT)








Sk






342 Framing


















343 FFT













Mel(f)=2595log10(1+f700)

345Cepstrum







35 FEATURE MATCHING




































CHAPTER 4

ARM MICROCONTROLLER












41 FEATURES


















10 bit DA converter



or the APB clock

















41 GPIO Register










44 UART












FIOPIN

FIOCLR

FIOSET

FIODIR




Divisor = 3000000016 x 9600 = 194 or 0xC2




441 Data Transfer

















should be selected






















channel











47 TIMER

















48 INTERRUPT







CHAPTER 5


51 MCB 2300



511 Block Diagram


Ethernet

LCD Display

Reset amp Interrupt

Dual CAN


Port LEDs

CPULPC 23X8


USB amp Power COM

SD cards


















microcontroller







driver chip







(13) LF Amplifier




to the LF amplifier













applications

(23) LCD Display





the LCD panel





USB capabilities








Serial Interface



Two USB cables





one



Board





Tools and Examples






54 Writing Programs






Compiler





CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE

61 THE ARM COMPILER








following





applications





simulator


ROM




Debug Mode






debug capabilities






include










63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples


Fig24 DC motor




AT+CMGR= no




219 SD Card










Dept of ECE SNGCE 6


Fig25 SD card






2110 LCD


Fig26 LCD display





Dept of ECE SNGCE 7



refreshing LCD





lines




















screen

Dept of ECE SNGCE 8






low



DB4 DB5 DB6 and DB7








21106 LCD Functions


header file)







the lcdc file



Dept of ECE SNGCE 9




2111 LF Amplifier






CHAPTER 3

SPEECH RECOGNITION























recognition



dependent methods








identification



















331Training Phase


332 Testing Phase






Feature Extraction


Features

Input Speech

SimilarityMeasure

FeatureExtraction

Reference

DecisionLogic

Reference



Test speech sample

Feature extraction

RecognitionOutput


Pattern matching


Training Phase

Testing Phase

Recognition Phase



341 Preprocessing









x[n] = x(nT)








Sk






342 Framing


















343 FFT













Mel(f)=2595log10(1+f700)

345Cepstrum







35 FEATURE MATCHING




































CHAPTER 4

ARM MICROCONTROLLER












41 FEATURES


















10 bit DA converter



or the APB clock

















41 GPIO Register










44 UART












FIOPIN

FIOCLR

FIOSET

FIODIR




Divisor = 3000000016 x 9600 = 194 or 0xC2




441 Data Transfer

















should be selected






















channel











47 TIMER

















48 INTERRUPT







CHAPTER 5


51 MCB 2300



511 Block Diagram


Ethernet

LCD Display

Reset amp Interrupt

Dual CAN


Port LEDs

CPULPC 23X8


USB amp Power COM

SD cards


















microcontroller







driver chip







(13) LF Amplifier




to the LF amplifier













applications

(23) LCD Display





the LCD panel





USB capabilities








Serial Interface



Two USB cables





one



Board





Tools and Examples






54 Writing Programs






Compiler





CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE

61 THE ARM COMPILER








following





applications





simulator


ROM




Debug Mode






debug capabilities






include










63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples


Fig25 SD card






2110 LCD


Fig26 LCD display





Dept of ECE SNGCE 7



refreshing LCD





lines




















screen

Dept of ECE SNGCE 8






low



DB4 DB5 DB6 and DB7








21106 LCD Functions


header file)







the lcdc file



Dept of ECE SNGCE 9




2111 LF Amplifier






CHAPTER 3

SPEECH RECOGNITION























recognition



dependent methods








identification



















331Training Phase


332 Testing Phase






Feature Extraction


Features

Input Speech

SimilarityMeasure

FeatureExtraction

Reference

DecisionLogic

Reference



Test speech sample

Feature extraction

RecognitionOutput


Pattern matching


Training Phase

Testing Phase

Recognition Phase



341 Preprocessing









x[n] = x(nT)








Sk






342 Framing


















343 FFT













Mel(f)=2595log10(1+f700)

345Cepstrum







35 FEATURE MATCHING




































CHAPTER 4

ARM MICROCONTROLLER












41 FEATURES


















10 bit DA converter



or the APB clock

















41 GPIO Register










44 UART












FIOPIN

FIOCLR

FIOSET

FIODIR




Divisor = 3000000016 x 9600 = 194 or 0xC2




441 Data Transfer

















should be selected






















channel











47 TIMER

















48 INTERRUPT







CHAPTER 5


51 MCB 2300



511 Block Diagram


Ethernet

LCD Display

Reset amp Interrupt

Dual CAN


Port LEDs

CPULPC 23X8


USB amp Power COM

SD cards


















microcontroller







driver chip







(13) LF Amplifier




to the LF amplifier













applications

(23) LCD Display





the LCD panel





USB capabilities








Serial Interface



Two USB cables





one



Board





Tools and Examples






54 Writing Programs






Compiler





CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE

61 THE ARM COMPILER








following





applications





simulator


ROM




Debug Mode






debug capabilities






include










63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples



refreshing LCD





lines




















screen

Dept of ECE SNGCE 8






low



DB4 DB5 DB6 and DB7








21106 LCD Functions


header file)







the lcdc file



Dept of ECE SNGCE 9




2111 LF Amplifier






CHAPTER 3

SPEECH RECOGNITION























recognition



dependent methods








identification



















331Training Phase


332 Testing Phase






Feature Extraction


Features

Input Speech

SimilarityMeasure

FeatureExtraction

Reference

DecisionLogic

Reference



Test speech sample

Feature extraction

RecognitionOutput


Pattern matching


Training Phase

Testing Phase

Recognition Phase



341 Preprocessing









x[n] = x(nT)








Sk






342 Framing


















343 FFT













Mel(f)=2595log10(1+f700)

345Cepstrum







35 FEATURE MATCHING




































CHAPTER 4

ARM MICROCONTROLLER












41 FEATURES


















10 bit DA converter



or the APB clock

















41 GPIO Register










44 UART












FIOPIN

FIOCLR

FIOSET

FIODIR




Divisor = 3000000016 x 9600 = 194 or 0xC2




441 Data Transfer

















should be selected






















channel











47 TIMER

















48 INTERRUPT







CHAPTER 5


51 MCB 2300



511 Block Diagram


Ethernet

LCD Display

Reset amp Interrupt

Dual CAN


Port LEDs

CPULPC 23X8


USB amp Power COM

SD cards


















microcontroller







driver chip







(13) LF Amplifier




to the LF amplifier













applications

(23) LCD Display





the LCD panel





USB capabilities








Serial Interface



Two USB cables





one



Board





Tools and Examples






54 Writing Programs






Compiler





CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE

61 THE ARM COMPILER








following





applications





simulator


ROM




Debug Mode






debug capabilities






include










63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples






low



DB4 DB5 DB6 and DB7








21106 LCD Functions


header file)







the lcdc file



Dept of ECE SNGCE 9




2111 LF Amplifier






CHAPTER 3

SPEECH RECOGNITION























recognition



dependent methods








identification



















331Training Phase


332 Testing Phase






Feature Extraction


Features

Input Speech

SimilarityMeasure

FeatureExtraction

Reference

DecisionLogic

Reference



Test speech sample

Feature extraction

RecognitionOutput


Pattern matching


Training Phase

Testing Phase

Recognition Phase



341 Preprocessing









x[n] = x(nT)








Sk






342 Framing


















343 FFT













Mel(f)=2595log10(1+f700)

345Cepstrum







35 FEATURE MATCHING




































CHAPTER 4

ARM MICROCONTROLLER












41 FEATURES


















10 bit DA converter



or the APB clock

















41 GPIO Register










44 UART












FIOPIN

FIOCLR

FIOSET

FIODIR




Divisor = 3000000016 x 9600 = 194 or 0xC2




441 Data Transfer

















should be selected






















channel











47 TIMER

















48 INTERRUPT







CHAPTER 5


51 MCB 2300



511 Block Diagram


Ethernet

LCD Display

Reset amp Interrupt

Dual CAN


Port LEDs

CPULPC 23X8


USB amp Power COM

SD cards


















microcontroller







driver chip







(13) LF Amplifier




to the LF amplifier













applications

(23) LCD Display





the LCD panel





USB capabilities








Serial Interface



Two USB cables





one



Board





Tools and Examples






54 Writing Programs






Compiler





CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE

61 THE ARM COMPILER








following





applications





simulator


ROM




Debug Mode






debug capabilities






include










63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples




2111 LF Amplifier






CHAPTER 3

SPEECH RECOGNITION























recognition



dependent methods








identification



















331Training Phase


332 Testing Phase






Feature Extraction


Features

Input Speech

SimilarityMeasure

FeatureExtraction

Reference

DecisionLogic

Reference



Test speech sample

Feature extraction

RecognitionOutput


Pattern matching


Training Phase

Testing Phase

Recognition Phase



341 Preprocessing









x[n] = x(nT)








Sk






342 Framing


















343 FFT













Mel(f)=2595log10(1+f700)

345Cepstrum







35 FEATURE MATCHING




































CHAPTER 4

ARM MICROCONTROLLER












41 FEATURES


















10 bit DA converter



or the APB clock

















41 GPIO Register










44 UART












FIOPIN

FIOCLR

FIOSET

FIODIR




Divisor = 3000000016 x 9600 = 194 or 0xC2




441 Data Transfer

















should be selected






















channel











47 TIMER

















48 INTERRUPT







CHAPTER 5


51 MCB 2300



511 Block Diagram


Ethernet

LCD Display

Reset amp Interrupt

Dual CAN


Port LEDs

CPULPC 23X8


USB amp Power COM

SD cards


















microcontroller







driver chip







(13) LF Amplifier




to the LF amplifier













applications

(23) LCD Display





the LCD panel





USB capabilities








Serial Interface



Two USB cables





one



Board





Tools and Examples






54 Writing Programs






Compiler





CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE

61 THE ARM COMPILER








following





applications





simulator


ROM




Debug Mode






debug capabilities






include










63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples


CHAPTER 3

SPEECH RECOGNITION























recognition



dependent methods








identification



















331Training Phase


332 Testing Phase






Feature Extraction


Features

Input Speech

SimilarityMeasure

FeatureExtraction

Reference

DecisionLogic

Reference



Test speech sample

Feature extraction

RecognitionOutput


Pattern matching


Training Phase

Testing Phase

Recognition Phase



341 Preprocessing









x[n] = x(nT)








Sk






342 Framing


















343 FFT













Mel(f)=2595log10(1+f700)

345Cepstrum







35 FEATURE MATCHING




































CHAPTER 4

ARM MICROCONTROLLER












41 FEATURES


















10 bit DA converter



or the APB clock

















41 GPIO Register










44 UART












FIOPIN

FIOCLR

FIOSET

FIODIR




Divisor = 3000000016 x 9600 = 194 or 0xC2




441 Data Transfer

















should be selected






















channel











47 TIMER

















48 INTERRUPT







CHAPTER 5


51 MCB 2300



511 Block Diagram


Ethernet

LCD Display

Reset amp Interrupt

Dual CAN


Port LEDs

CPULPC 23X8


USB amp Power COM

SD cards


















microcontroller







driver chip







(13) LF Amplifier




to the LF amplifier













applications

(23) LCD Display





the LCD panel





USB capabilities








Serial Interface



Two USB cables





one



Board





Tools and Examples






54 Writing Programs






Compiler





CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE

61 THE ARM COMPILER








following





applications





simulator


ROM




Debug Mode






debug capabilities






include










63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples







identification



















331Training Phase


332 Testing Phase






Feature Extraction


Features

Input Speech

SimilarityMeasure

FeatureExtraction

Reference

DecisionLogic

Reference



Test speech sample

Feature extraction

RecognitionOutput


Pattern matching


Training Phase

Testing Phase

Recognition Phase



341 Preprocessing









x[n] = x(nT)








Sk






342 Framing


















343 FFT













Mel(f)=2595log10(1+f700)

345Cepstrum







35 FEATURE MATCHING




































CHAPTER 4

ARM MICROCONTROLLER












41 FEATURES


















10 bit DA converter



or the APB clock

















41 GPIO Register










44 UART












FIOPIN

FIOCLR

FIOSET

FIODIR




Divisor = 3000000016 x 9600 = 194 or 0xC2




441 Data Transfer

















should be selected






















channel











47 TIMER

















48 INTERRUPT







CHAPTER 5


51 MCB 2300



511 Block Diagram


Ethernet

LCD Display

Reset amp Interrupt

Dual CAN


Port LEDs

CPULPC 23X8


USB amp Power COM

SD cards


















microcontroller







driver chip







(13) LF Amplifier




to the LF amplifier













applications

(23) LCD Display





the LCD panel





USB capabilities








Serial Interface



Two USB cables





one



Board





Tools and Examples






54 Writing Programs






Compiler





CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE

61 THE ARM COMPILER








following





applications





simulator


ROM




Debug Mode






debug capabilities






include










63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples


331Training Phase


332 Testing Phase






Feature Extraction


Features

Input Speech

SimilarityMeasure

FeatureExtraction

Reference

DecisionLogic

Reference



Test speech sample

Feature extraction

RecognitionOutput


Pattern matching


Training Phase

Testing Phase

Recognition Phase



341 Preprocessing









x[n] = x(nT)








Sk






342 Framing


















343 FFT













Mel(f)=2595log10(1+f700)

345Cepstrum







35 FEATURE MATCHING




































CHAPTER 4

ARM MICROCONTROLLER












41 FEATURES


















10 bit DA converter



or the APB clock

















41 GPIO Register










44 UART












FIOPIN

FIOCLR

FIOSET

FIODIR




Divisor = 3000000016 x 9600 = 194 or 0xC2




441 Data Transfer

















should be selected






















channel











47 TIMER

















48 INTERRUPT







CHAPTER 5


51 MCB 2300



511 Block Diagram


Ethernet

LCD Display

Reset amp Interrupt

Dual CAN


Port LEDs

CPULPC 23X8


USB amp Power COM

SD cards


















microcontroller







driver chip







(13) LF Amplifier




to the LF amplifier













applications

(23) LCD Display





the LCD panel





USB capabilities








Serial Interface



Two USB cables





one



Board





Tools and Examples






54 Writing Programs






Compiler





CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE

61 THE ARM COMPILER








following





applications





simulator


ROM




Debug Mode






debug capabilities






include










63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples



341 Preprocessing









x[n] = x(nT)








Sk






342 Framing


















343 FFT













Mel(f)=2595log10(1+f700)

345Cepstrum







35 FEATURE MATCHING




































CHAPTER 4

ARM MICROCONTROLLER












41 FEATURES


















10 bit DA converter



or the APB clock

















41 GPIO Register










44 UART












FIOPIN

FIOCLR

FIOSET

FIODIR




Divisor = 3000000016 x 9600 = 194 or 0xC2




441 Data Transfer

















should be selected






















channel











47 TIMER

















48 INTERRUPT







CHAPTER 5


51 MCB 2300



511 Block Diagram


Ethernet

LCD Display

Reset amp Interrupt

Dual CAN


Port LEDs

CPULPC 23X8


USB amp Power COM

SD cards


















microcontroller







driver chip







(13) LF Amplifier




to the LF amplifier













applications

(23) LCD Display





the LCD panel





USB capabilities








Serial Interface



Two USB cables





one



Board





Tools and Examples






54 Writing Programs






Compiler





CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE

61 THE ARM COMPILER








following





applications





simulator


ROM




Debug Mode






debug capabilities






include










63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples






342 Framing


















343 FFT













Mel(f)=2595log10(1+f700)

345Cepstrum







35 FEATURE MATCHING




































CHAPTER 4

ARM MICROCONTROLLER












41 FEATURES


















10 bit DA converter



or the APB clock

















41 GPIO Register










44 UART












FIOPIN

FIOCLR

FIOSET

FIODIR




Divisor = 3000000016 x 9600 = 194 or 0xC2




441 Data Transfer

















should be selected






















channel











47 TIMER

















48 INTERRUPT







CHAPTER 5


51 MCB 2300



511 Block Diagram


Ethernet

LCD Display

Reset amp Interrupt

Dual CAN


Port LEDs

CPULPC 23X8


USB amp Power COM

SD cards


















microcontroller







driver chip







(13) LF Amplifier




to the LF amplifier













applications

(23) LCD Display





the LCD panel





USB capabilities








Serial Interface



Two USB cables





one



Board





Tools and Examples






54 Writing Programs






Compiler





CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE

61 THE ARM COMPILER








following





applications





simulator


ROM




Debug Mode






debug capabilities






include










63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples








Mel(f)=2595log10(1+f700)

345Cepstrum







35 FEATURE MATCHING




































CHAPTER 4

ARM MICROCONTROLLER












41 FEATURES


















10 bit DA converter



or the APB clock

















41 GPIO Register










44 UART












FIOPIN

FIOCLR

FIOSET

FIODIR




Divisor = 3000000016 x 9600 = 194 or 0xC2




441 Data Transfer

















should be selected






















channel











47 TIMER

















48 INTERRUPT







CHAPTER 5


51 MCB 2300



511 Block Diagram


Ethernet

LCD Display

Reset amp Interrupt

Dual CAN


Port LEDs

CPULPC 23X8


USB amp Power COM

SD cards


















microcontroller







driver chip







(13) LF Amplifier




to the LF amplifier













applications

(23) LCD Display





the LCD panel





USB capabilities








Serial Interface



Two USB cables





one



Board





Tools and Examples






54 Writing Programs






Compiler





CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE

61 THE ARM COMPILER








following





applications





simulator


ROM




Debug Mode






debug capabilities






include










63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples




















CHAPTER 4

ARM MICROCONTROLLER












41 FEATURES


















10 bit DA converter



or the APB clock

















41 GPIO Register










44 UART












FIOPIN

FIOCLR

FIOSET

FIODIR




Divisor = 3000000016 x 9600 = 194 or 0xC2




441 Data Transfer

















should be selected






















channel











47 TIMER

















48 INTERRUPT







CHAPTER 5


51 MCB 2300



511 Block Diagram


Ethernet

LCD Display

Reset amp Interrupt

Dual CAN


Port LEDs

CPULPC 23X8


USB amp Power COM

SD cards


















microcontroller







driver chip







(13) LF Amplifier




to the LF amplifier













applications

(23) LCD Display





the LCD panel





USB capabilities








Serial Interface



Two USB cables





one



Board





Tools and Examples






54 Writing Programs






Compiler





CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE

61 THE ARM COMPILER








following





applications





simulator


ROM




Debug Mode






debug capabilities






include










63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples















10 bit DA converter



or the APB clock

















41 GPIO Register










44 UART












FIOPIN

FIOCLR

FIOSET

FIODIR




Divisor = 3000000016 x 9600 = 194 or 0xC2




441 Data Transfer

















should be selected






















channel











47 TIMER

















48 INTERRUPT







CHAPTER 5


51 MCB 2300



511 Block Diagram


Ethernet

LCD Display

Reset amp Interrupt

Dual CAN


Port LEDs

CPULPC 23X8


USB amp Power COM

SD cards


















microcontroller







driver chip







(13) LF Amplifier




to the LF amplifier













applications

(23) LCD Display





the LCD panel





USB capabilities








Serial Interface



Two USB cables





one



Board





Tools and Examples






54 Writing Programs






Compiler





CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE

61 THE ARM COMPILER








following





applications





simulator


ROM




Debug Mode






debug capabilities






include










63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples



41 GPIO Register










44 UART












FIOPIN

FIOCLR

FIOSET

FIODIR




Divisor = 3000000016 x 9600 = 194 or 0xC2




441 Data Transfer

















should be selected






















channel











47 TIMER

















48 INTERRUPT







CHAPTER 5


51 MCB 2300



511 Block Diagram


Ethernet

LCD Display

Reset amp Interrupt

Dual CAN


Port LEDs

CPULPC 23X8


USB amp Power COM

SD cards


















microcontroller







driver chip







(13) LF Amplifier




to the LF amplifier













applications

(23) LCD Display





the LCD panel





USB capabilities








Serial Interface



Two USB cables





one



Board





Tools and Examples






54 Writing Programs






Compiler





CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE

61 THE ARM COMPILER








following





applications





simulator


ROM




Debug Mode






debug capabilities






include










63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples




Divisor = 3000000016 x 9600 = 194 or 0xC2




441 Data Transfer

















should be selected






















channel











47 TIMER

















48 INTERRUPT







CHAPTER 5


51 MCB 2300



511 Block Diagram


Ethernet

LCD Display

Reset amp Interrupt

Dual CAN


Port LEDs

CPULPC 23X8


USB amp Power COM

SD cards


















microcontroller







driver chip







(13) LF Amplifier




to the LF amplifier













applications

(23) LCD Display





the LCD panel





USB capabilities








Serial Interface



Two USB cables





one



Board





Tools and Examples






54 Writing Programs






Compiler





CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE

61 THE ARM COMPILER








following





applications





simulator


ROM




Debug Mode






debug capabilities






include










63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples
















channel











47 TIMER

















48 INTERRUPT







CHAPTER 5


51 MCB 2300



511 Block Diagram


Ethernet

LCD Display

Reset amp Interrupt

Dual CAN


Port LEDs

CPULPC 23X8


USB amp Power COM

SD cards


















microcontroller







driver chip







(13) LF Amplifier




to the LF amplifier













applications

(23) LCD Display





the LCD panel





USB capabilities








Serial Interface



Two USB cables





one



Board





Tools and Examples






54 Writing Programs






Compiler





CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE

61 THE ARM COMPILER








following





applications





simulator


ROM




Debug Mode






debug capabilities






include










63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples












48 INTERRUPT







CHAPTER 5


51 MCB 2300



511 Block Diagram


Ethernet

LCD Display

Reset amp Interrupt

Dual CAN


Port LEDs

CPULPC 23X8


USB amp Power COM

SD cards


















microcontroller







driver chip







(13) LF Amplifier




to the LF amplifier













applications

(23) LCD Display





the LCD panel





USB capabilities








Serial Interface



Two USB cables





one



Board





Tools and Examples






54 Writing Programs






Compiler





CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE

61 THE ARM COMPILER








following





applications





simulator


ROM




Debug Mode






debug capabilities






include










63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples


CHAPTER 5


51 MCB 2300



511 Block Diagram


Ethernet

LCD Display

Reset amp Interrupt

Dual CAN


Port LEDs

CPULPC 23X8


USB amp Power COM

SD cards


















microcontroller







driver chip







(13) LF Amplifier




to the LF amplifier













applications

(23) LCD Display





the LCD panel





USB capabilities








Serial Interface



Two USB cables





one



Board





Tools and Examples






54 Writing Programs






Compiler





CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE

61 THE ARM COMPILER








following





applications





simulator


ROM




Debug Mode






debug capabilities






include










63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples


















microcontroller







driver chip







(13) LF Amplifier




to the LF amplifier













applications

(23) LCD Display





the LCD panel





USB capabilities








Serial Interface



Two USB cables





one



Board





Tools and Examples






54 Writing Programs






Compiler





CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE

61 THE ARM COMPILER








following





applications





simulator


ROM




Debug Mode






debug capabilities






include










63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples



applications

(23) LCD Display





the LCD panel





USB capabilities








Serial Interface



Two USB cables





one



Board





Tools and Examples






54 Writing Programs






Compiler





CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE

61 THE ARM COMPILER








following





applications





simulator


ROM




Debug Mode






debug capabilities






include










63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples



one



Board





Tools and Examples






54 Writing Programs






Compiler





CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE

61 THE ARM COMPILER








following





applications





simulator


ROM




Debug Mode






debug capabilities






include










63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples


CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE

61 THE ARM COMPILER








following





applications





simulator


ROM




Debug Mode






debug capabilities






include










63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples



simulator


ROM




Debug Mode






debug capabilities






include










63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples




63 MATLAB










Data acquisition











Key features































































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples
























































presses the button




the Layout Editor










641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples









641 Starting Up GUI





area









Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples







Toolbars and Menus





Edit Text

Graphical Objects

Axes Objects

Text Objects

Static Text











644 Saving GUI






























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples


























65 ALGORITHM


Step 1 Start






document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples



document


Euclidian distance




Step 8 Stop


Step 1 Start

















each cluster


m

j=1

Yi=1mΣxij





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples





cluster



Step 7 Stop


Step 1 Start












reference




module








module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples



module






module





Step 30Stop

CHAPTER 7

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP













CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples


CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF PROJECT








arm



CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples


CHAPTER 9

FUTURE WORKS




















reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples





reduced

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULT














REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples













REFERENCES







China





Dhaka Bangladesh
























Tools and Examples





















Tools and Examples

report

Documents