report from: the high intensity stable beam working group hisb-wg marie-helene moscatello (ganil)...
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Report from: the High Intensity Stable Beam Working GroupHISB-WG
Marie-Helene Moscatello (GANIL)Annamaria Porcellato (Legnaro)
Uli Ratzinger (GSI)
Faical Azaiez (IPN-Orsay)Giacomo DeAngelis (Legnaro)
Sigurd Hofmann (GSI)Rolf-Dietmar Herzberg (Liverpool)
Rauno Julin (JYFL)
ECOS: European COnsortium of Stable (beams)
1st meeting june 2004 in Paris: Work distribution
Beam intensity limitations and technical developments for various types of research lines!
N=Z nuclei (in–beam spectroscopy and decay studies) : DeAngelisSHE search : HofmannSuper heavy nuclei (in-beam spectroscopy and decay studies) : HerzbergNeutron-deficient nuclei (in-beam spectroscopy and decay studies) : JulinExotic shapes and decay modes in nuclei : AzaiezNeutron rich nuclei using DIC reactions : Azaiez & DeAngelis
Status and future developments of existing facilities
LEGNARO : PorcellatoGANIL : MoscatelloGSI : Hofmann&Ratzinger JYVASKYLA : Julin
2nd meeting Oct 2004 in Legnaro : Discussion of the work progress
Report on physics and Experiment issues:
identified two categories of experiments:
Categories 1: ‘Studies at the target’ Beam intensity limitations due to electronics and data acquisition up to 100pnA
Categories 2: ‘Studies at the focal plan’Beam intensity limitations due to target technology up to 10pA
Report on the status and future developments of existing facilities
-JYVASKYLA : Julin
-LEGNARO : Porcellato-GANIL : Moscatello
-GSI : Hofmann&Ratzinger
JYFL-Jyväskylä K=130 AVF Cyclotron
nucleonMeV/ 1302
A
Q
A
E
JYFL Ion Sources
6.4 GHz ECR14 GHz ECR
Multicusp H- source
A relatively new machine
Beam users in 2003 (total hours)
38.7 %
2.2 %3.8 % 17.0 %
0.6 %4.6 %
0.0 %
3.5 %
17.2 %
6.5 %
0.0 %
2.7 %
0.0 %
3.2 %
0.0 %
APPLIED/RADEF
BEAM DEVELOPING
HENDES/E-CAVE
GAMMA
APPLIED/IGISOL
HENDES
HIP/RADEF
IGISOL
JUROGAM
LSC
MAP
RADEF
RITU
IRRADIATION/IGISOL
RITU/SACRED
Mainly for nuclear structure physics
JYFL-Jyväskylä
JYFL-Jyväskylä
Beams - E > 5 MeV /nucleonHeavy and light ions available
>1pμA p, He, B, C, N, O, Ar
>100 pnA F, Ne, Mg, Al, Si, S, Cl, Ca, Fe, Cr, Ni,Cu, Zn, Kr
>10 pnA Ti, Mn, Ge, Sr, Zr, Ru, Xe
ECR developments for intensity upgrade:-Collaboration with ANL Argonne, EURONS – JRA- ISIBHI-New MIVOC compound for Titanium, Two-frequency ECR ion source-New magnetic multipole structure for better confinement of the ECR plasma
Tandem+ALPI and the PIAVE-Injector
SCBooster
ALPI
XTU-Tandem
Positive Ion InjectorPIAVE
ECRIS Alice350kV platform
Reliable
Under Commissioning
Upgraded
EX. Halls 1 and 2
EX
. Hall 3
LEGNARO
Present ALPI output energy –Tandem injector
Tandem 15 MV; F,F1998 : 11 Pb/Cu cryostats2003: 13 Nb/Cu cryostats
ALPI
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
AAL
PI o
utp
ut
[MeV
/u]
ALPI Dec 1998
ALPI 2003 (low beta not included)
ALPI 2003 (low beta included)
12C6+ 28Si11+ 40Ca14+ 63Cu17+
16O7+ 32S12+ 58Ni17+ 79Br18+ 90Zr19+ 127I 21+
LEGNARO
Near future switching from a Tandem to a q+ injector (PIAVE)
ALPI Output with the two Injectors
0
10
20
30
0 50 100 150 200 250A
E/A
[M
eV
/u]
Tandem+ALPI (G-F) (1-10 pnA)
PIAVE+ALPI (40-200 pnA)
New Injector
Tandem injector
• MORE CURRENT
• HEAVIER MASSES
• MORE BEAM TIME AVAILABLE (TWO INJECTORS)
LEGNARO
Energy output PIAVE injection, 2004 ALPI
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
0 50 100 150 200 250A
MeV/u
High current
High energy
12C5+ 16O6+
14N5+ 40Ar8+ 58Ni11+ 84Kr12+ 120Sn16+ 132Xe17+ 181Ta 24+ 197Au26+ 208Pb25+ 238U28+
12C5+ 16O7+
14N6+ 40Ar14+ 58Ni17+ 84Kr18+ 120Sn19+ 132Xe27+ 181Ta 24+ 197Au29+ 208Pb25+ 238U31+
12
ALPI - 12 low resonators operating at 4.4 MV/m - 44 medium resonators operating at 4.4 MV/m - 8 high resonators operating at 5.5 MV/m
PIAVE: - 2 SRFQs at the design accelerating fields - 8 low resonators at 5 MV/m
LEGNARO
Present authorization limits
-For ions from Si to Pb: E < 20 MeV/u , I < -30 pnA on target -For ions from C to Al : E< 26 MeV/u , I<2 pnA on target
LEGNARO
Future:
With ion sources delivering 5 mA for typical beams, the 100pnAIntensity will be achieved for most of the accelerated ions!
Towards experimental areas
Available stable beams at Ganil
CSS1 beams: from 12C (4 to 13.5 A.MeV) to 238U (4 to 8 A.MeV) intensities: several pA for light ions and < 1 pA for A > 40 possibility of simultaneous beams in SME and HE experimental areas (using a stripper)
CIME beams: from He to Xe a few pnA between 2 and 25 A.MeV depending on q/A **** with a direct beam line (DBL) from CIME to the G1 and G2
GANILDBL
Ongoing R&D:Ion production methods: development of Ni, Ca, Ge…
Needed R&D:
If necessary, possibility of increasing the intensity of light ions, byadding a rebuncher at the entrance of the C01 injector cyclotron(the light ion intensity limitation is due to space charge effects near the cyclotron injection)
GANIL
Spiral2 project
Spiral2: q/A=1/3 ions 1mA (Ar) from 0.75 to 14.5 A.MeV able to accelerate 5mA D+ beam up to 20 A.MeV lower intensities avalaible (Cr, Ni,…) 2nd step: q/A=1/6 ions 1mA (Xe) from 0.75 to 6.5 MeV/A
GANIL
Spiral2 project
Associated R&D:The accelerator is based on almost known technology (normal conductingRFQ, quarter-wave SC cavities for the SC linac, the couplers have to bedeveloped for 10 to 20 kW/cavity (under design).The challenge is mainly the high intensity to be accelerated, without any losses
-during the construction phase, development of high intensity q/A=1/3 beams like Cr, Ni with the GTS source (ex. SBT/CEA source) at Ganil-during the APD and construction phase, development of a new source(APHOENIX) that will produce 1mA beams with A as high as possible
GANIL
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
pa
rtic
le c
urr
en
t@7
0 Zn1
0+ [
pµA
]
IonSource
Transport line
IsotopeIon Source
[pµA]Experiment
[pµA]40Ca7+ 3.6 0.548Ca7+ 2.0 0.554Cr7+ 1.7 0.958Fe8+ 1.1 0.5
70Zn10+ 1.6 0.6
Particle Current in the GSI-Unilac (routine operation)
HLI Alvarez
GSI
3 versions of the UNILAC-upgrade at GSIGSI(I)GSI(II)GSI(III)
(recently submitted to an expert committee for evaluation)
New RFQ-structure:• gain of the duty factor• higher injection energy• increased acceptance
Additional 28 GHz-ion-source:• intensity gain of factor two• higher charge states for increased duty factor
LEBT – Laminated magnets:• redundance for ion sources• preparation for future pulse to pulse operation with different ion-species
50% duty factor intensity-gain factor x2
GSI(I)
New Front-end for the High Charge State Injector
U. Ratzinger: CW Linac – Room Temperature Part:
ECR14 GHz
1 m
High Charge State Injector HLI, GSI
HLI-RFQ
HLI-IH
Rebuilt of the HLI with small modifications :
• Improved mechanical design with respect to cooling, especially:• Cooling of the IH drift tubes.• Cooling of the RFQ mini vanes.• Improvement of longitudinal beam dynamics.
GSI(II)
• dc beam• 1 < A/q < 7• Ebeam: 4-7.5 MeV/u• Ebeam < 3keV/u
Intensity gain:
• Duty cycle 30%100% 3.5• 28 GHz ECR-source (sc) 2-10(?)• increased stability (65% 85)% 1.3• shorter shutdowns (107 d/y 47 d/y) 1.2
Total gain 11-55(?)
normalconducting
superconducting
superconducting
0 5 10 15 20
Z / m
Energy MeV/u
1.8 2.4 3.3 4.2 5.2 6.1 7.1
CH DTL, supercond.324 MHz 108 MHz
DebuncherIH DTL,108 MHz
1.40.30.003
25 30
RFQ,108 MHz
ECR source
QWR Cavities
GSI(III)
Project for a Superconducting CW-linacU. Ratzinger et al. University of Frankfurt
Next ECOS meeting will be held in Jyvaskyla on the 28 February and 1 of March 2005.
Discussion of conclusions and recommendations
A written report will be hopefully ready for the next NuPECC meeting( March in Debrecen)!