report of the house administration task force to investigate the operations and management of the...

7/22/2019 Report of the House Administration Task Force to Investigate the Operations and Management of the Office of Po…

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\kpart atfk Naiihttkk ab Fausk M`ihbhstrmthab

Pmsd Earnk ta Hbvksthgmtktfk Apkrmthab mb` Imbmgkikbta tfk Aeehnk a tfk Zastimstkr

[.^. Fausk a \kprkskbtmthvks

Oucy <= =88<



P LCK A NABPKBP^

Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk

Hbvksthgmthab Avkrvhkw

= Pmsd Earnk Hbvksthgmthab =

< Alstmncks ta tfk Hbvksthgmthab . . =

m. \kcmthabsfhp whtf tfk @kpmrtikbt a Ousthnk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l. [bmvmhcmlck Whtbkssks mb` @anuikbts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <

n. [bmutfarhzk` @hsncasurks a Pmsd Earnk Hbearimthab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >

>. Lmndgraub` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >

m Nmphtac Zachnk Hbvksthgmthab. . . >

l [.^. Zastmc Hbspknthab ^krvhnk. 0

n. Hbvksthgmthab ly Naiihttkk ab Fausk M`ihbhstrmthab @kianrmthn ^tmee. . . ;

`. \kpulchnmb Hbvacvkikbt. ;

0. Imbmgkikbt mb` Apkrmthab. 7

; Mcckgk` Hiprapkr Mnthvhthks. 6

m. @rugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

l. Kilkzzckikbt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

n. Ihsusk a tfk Zastimstkr s Ermbd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

`. Pfk Zastimstkr s Kxprkss Imhc Mnnaubt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

k. Nfknd Nmsfhbg mb` ^tmips ear Nmsf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =:

e Ihsusk a Fausk Kipcaykks ear Nmipmhgb Zurpasks. . . . . . . . . =:

g Zkrsabmc mb` Ikilkr Mlusk a Zast Aeehnk \ksaurnks. . . . . . . . ==

f. Nmphtac Zachnk Nrhihbmc Hbvksthgmthab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =<



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk

Pmsd arnk \kpart =>

H Pfk Naiihttkk ab Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab Pmsd Earnk Hbvksthgmthab =>

M Fausk \ksacuthabs =>

L Lhpmrthsmb Pmsd Earnk Hbvksthgmthab

Pmsd Earnk hs m `kpmrturk erai tfk barimc strunturk ae

nabgrksshabmc hbvksthgmthabs hb tfrkk wmys? H kqumc builkrs ae

\kpulchnmbs mb` @kianrmts4 < latf tfk Nfmhrimb mb` Uhnk

Nfmhrimb fmvk hb`kpkb`kbt sulpakbm pawkr4 > m \kpulchnmb

Ikilkr wms `kshgbmtk` ms Uhnk Nfmhrimb ae tfk Pmsd Earnk

mb` nabùntk` ikkthbgs ae tfk Pmsd Earnk hb tfk mlskbnk ae tfk

Nfmhrimb.

=0

N \kcmthabsfhp whtf tfk kpmrtikbt ae Ousthnk =5

@

K

Pmsd Earnk naubskc naiiubhnmtk` whtf tfk @kpmrtikbt ae

Ousthnk mt tfk autskt ta mttkipt ta kbsurk tfmt tfk Pmsd Earnk

hbquhry `h` bat hbtkrekrk whtf tfk nabnurrkbt nrhihbmchbvksthgmthab.

= ûiimry

< @hsnusshab

[bmvmhcmlck WhtbkssksPfk ubmvmhcmlhchty ae shgbhehnmbt whtbkssks, hbncu`hbg tfk

Zastimstkr, tfk Nfhke ae ^tmee, mb` tfk Msshstmbt Zastimstkr ear

Mnnaubtmlhchty, skvkrkcy hipk`k` tfk naipckthab ae m tfaraugf

hbvksthgmthab ae imbmgkikbt mb` apkrmthabs mb` rksacuthab ae

skrhaus mcckgmthabs ae hiprapkr nabùnt hb tfk Fausk Zast

Aeehnk.

=5

=7

<<

[bmutfarhzk` @hsncasurks ae Pmsd Earnk Hbearimthab <>

Pmsd Earnk st ee wkrk rkquhrk` ta shgb bab-`hsncasurk

stmtkikbts. Bkws ik`hm rkpartk` ab Pmsd Earnk mnthvhthks

tfraugfaut hbvksthgmthab. Zasshlck saurnks ae ik`hm hbearimthabhbncu`k` Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks, Pmsd Earnk hbtkrvhkwkks, mb`

hb`hvhùmcs mssanhmtk` whtf @AO hbvksthgmthab. Ms Pmsd Earnk

lkgmb `kchlkrmthabs avkr nabtkbts ae hbmc rkpart, nkrtmhb

Ikilkrs `hsncask` hbearimthab hb Pmsd Earnk `rmet rkparts hb

mttkipt ta hbecukbnk nabtkbt ae hbmc rkpart.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

mgk

E @anuikbts <0

Pfk Pmsd Earnk rkvhkwk` kxtkbshvk `anuikbts mb` rknar`s erai

tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk, tfk Nmphtac Zachnk, tfk [bhtk` ^tmtks

Zastmc ^krvhnk, tfk Aeehnk a Ehbmbnk, mb` tfk ^krgkmbt mt Mris.

HH @hsnusshab <;

\kspabshlhchty ar tfk `kihsk a tfk Aeehnk a Zastimstkr, wfhnf fms

lkkb hb kxhstkbnk ar avkr =5: ykmrs, rksts bat abcy ab Zast Aeehnk

imbmgkikbt lut ab m strunturk pkrpktumtk` ly tfk Fausk a

\kprkskbtmthvks wfhnf kipfmshzks pmtrabmgk mb` pachthnmc emvar avkr

tfk thikcy mb` keehnhkbt `kchvkry a tfk imhc,- m snfkik a varhthsi mb`

pmtrabmgk nabtrhlutk` ta tfk erustrmthab a imby nmpmlck Fausk Zast

Aeehnk kipcaykks.

M Pfk Aeehnk a tfk Zastimstkr <;

Pfk Aeehnk a tfk Zastimstkr hs bat pmrt a tfk [.^. Zastmc

^krvhnk, lut wms kstmlchsfk` ta skrvk Ikilkrs a Nabgrkss.

Fausk Zast Aeehnk apkrmthabs mrk graupk` hb tfrkk eubnthabs? =

imbmgkikbt, < stmip naubtkr apkrmthabs, mb` > imhc sarthbg

mb` `kchvkry.

= Imbmgkikbt <5

Fausk Zast Aeehnk imbmgkikbt wms iark mdhb ta m

eku`mc systki tfmb m ia`ki lushbkss,· ba nabshstkbt

systki a avkrshgft mb` mnnaubtmlhchty kxhstk` mt mby ckvkc

a imbmgkikbt,- wrhttkb apkrmthab pachnhks ar nabshstkbtguh`kchbks `h` bat kxhst,- tfk mlskbnk a nckmr chbks a

mutfarhty mb` rkspabshlhchty nabtrhlutk` ta tfk erustrmthab

a imby nmpmlck Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks.

< ^tmip Naubtkr Apkrmthabs <7

Ba mttkipt wms im`k ta nabeari stmip naubtkr

apkrmthabs ta [^Z^ \kgucmthabs,- emhcurk a avkrshgft mb`

mnnaubtmlhchty·pkrihttk` tfk tfket a Zastmc eub`s.

> Imhc ^arthbg mb` @kch vkry >=

Pfk Zastimstkr mttrhlutk` imhc lmndcags ta sulstmbthmccyavkrstmtk` imhc vacuik ksthimtks wfkb lmndcags wkrk

nmusk` ly hbkeeknthvk usk a pkrsabbkc, mlskbtkkhsi, mb`

cmx ward rucks. Zastimstkr \atm s ksthimtks a Fausk

hbnaihbg imhc vacuik `rmimthnmccy kxnkk`k` Zastmc

^krvhnk naubts.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

mgk v

L Lu`gkt Apkrmthabs ^mcmrhks . . >;

Mnnaubthbg prmnthnks ae tfk Fausk ae \kprkskbtmthvks fhb`kr

keearts ta kstmlchsf m lu`gkt ear imhc apkrmthabs.

N \kargmbhzmthabs >8

Avkrshgft st ee urgk` tfk Fausk Zastimstkr ta tfhbd lhg hb

Zast Aeehnk rkargmbhzmthabs, astkbshlcy ta nabeari tfk Fausk

Zast Aeehnk whtf Emhr Cmlar ^tmb`mr`s Mnt rkquhrkikbts, lut tfk

rksuct wms shgbhehnmbt smcmry hbnrkmsks ear imbmgkikbt, bkw

imbmgkikbt pashthabs ear pmtrabmgk mppahbtkks, mb`

avkrstmeehbg.

@ Zkrsabbkc 0<

Zastimstkr fm` ba mutfarhty ta fhrk ar ehrk pmtrabmgk kipcaykks,·

ae tfk =5: Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks mppravk` ly tfk @kianrmthn

Zkrsabbkc Naiihttkk, twa mrk \kpulchnmb spabsark`,-

hbtkhekrkbnk ly nkrtmhb Ikilkrs' aeehnks prkvkbtk` mppraprhmtk

pkrsabbkc mnthabs mb` ck` ta hbmppraprhmtk oal msshgbikbts

hbncu`hbg .eubnthabmccy hcchtkrmtk pkrsabs sarthbg imhc mb`

hb`hvhùmcs whtf ba naiputkrs sdhccs wardhbg ms systkis

apkrmtars4 hbmlhchty ae imbmgkikbt ta tmdk mppraprhmtk pkrsabbkc

mnthabs mb` pachthnmc emvarhthsi nabtrhlutk` ta tfk erustrmthab ae

iOcc@ . nmpmlck Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks.

c . Avkrthik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0;

ûlstmbthmc pmyikbts imy fmvk lkkb im`kear

avkrthikfaurs tfmt wkrk bat wardk`,- cmnd ae naipcktk mnnaubthbg

hbearimthab prkvkbts m `ktkrihbmthab ae mntumc avkrthik

nasts mb` eurtfkr hbvksthgmthab hs bknkssmry ta `ktkrihbk

tfk kxtkbt ae mcsk ar ermuùckbt usk ae avkrthik mb`

naipkbsmtary thik ly tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk.

<. Gfast Kipcaykks 07

Pfk Pmsd Earnk hbvksthgmtk` rkparts ae Fausk Zast Aeehnk

kipcaykks wfa wkrk pmh` ear ward bat pkrearik` ar thik

tfky wkrk bat prkskbt.

K @rug Mcckgmthabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06

Mcckgk` hcckgmc `rug mnthvhty hb tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk hs ub`kr

hbvksthgmthab ly tfk Nmphtac Zachnk mb` tfk @AO.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

mgk v

E. ^pknhmc Zast Aeehnk ^krvhnks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06

=

<.

Nfknd Nmsfhbg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fausk Zast Aeehnk nfknd nmsfhbg pachny pkrihttk` nkbmhbIkilkrs, callyhsts, stmee, mb` Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks ta

nmsf pkrsabmc nfknds4 pkrsabmc nfknds wkrk nmsfk` lutbat `kpashtk` ear skvkrmc wkkds.

Zast Aeehnk Lax ^krvhnk . . . . . . . . . . .

Fausk Zast Aeehnk naurhkrs nacckntk` nmipmhgb imhc eraiLrkbtwaa` Zast Aeehnk laxks ear m builkr ae Ikilkrsmb` atfkrs mb` `kchvkrk` tfk imhc ta Nabgrksshabmcaeehnks.

06

. . ;:

>. Zmsspart ^krvhnk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;<Naurhkrs pravh`k skrvhnk ear earkhgb trmvkc vhsms mb` [.^.pmsspabs ta Ikilkrs, stmee, mb` nabsthtukbts4 naurhkrspravh`k trmbspabmthab ta mb` erai tfk pmsspab aeehnk.

0. Prmbspartmthab ar Bab-aeehnhmc Lushbkss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;>

Zkrsabmc trmbspabmthab wms pravh`k` ta saik Ikilkrsmb` tfkhr stmee, nkbmhb earikr Ikilkrs, mb` Fausk ZastAeehnk st ee hb Zast Aeehnk vkfhncks.

;. Kipcaykks [sk Hb Ikilkr s Aeehnks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;0

Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks wkrk usk` ta mbswkr pfabksmb` msshst hb saik Ikilkrs' pkrsabmc aeehnks.

5. Zastimstkr s Ermbd ;;

sk ae tfk Zastimstkr's ermbd `rappk` shgbhehnmbtcy metkrtfk Mnthbg Zastimstkr wms mppahbtk`4 Zastimstkr \atmimhck` bab-aeehnhmc imhc mb` pkrihttk` tfk usk ae fhsermbd ly saik Ikilkrs.

7. Armbgk Lmgs, @-@AZ Lmgs . . . 5<

Fausk Zast Aeehnk skrvhnk ear tfk `hrknt `kchvkry ae

imhc ta Ikilkrs' `hstrhnt aeehnks.

6. Ecawkr Eub` 5<

Zraehts erai saet `rhbd vkb`hbg imnfhbks hb tfk FauskZast Aeehnk, ;: ta 6: pkr iabtf, usk` ta skb` ecawkrsta kipcaykks wfa wkrk cc ar fm` m `kmtf hb tfkhr emihcy,mb` ear atfkr purpasks.



HHH

Pmsd Earnk \kpart

mgk vh

8. ^tmtk @kpmrtikbt Pkckx . . 5>

Pfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk rknkhvks avkr <:: ^tmtk

@kpmbikbt tkckxks kmnf `my ear `kchvkry ab tfk Fhcc mb`

ta Ikilkrs' `hstrhnt aeehnks.

=:. Kxprkss Imhc Mnnaubt (Z->::) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

M [^Z^ &prkss Imhc mnnaubt usk` ly Zastimstkr \atm

ear bab-aeehnhmc imhc · Zastimstkr's Kx.prkss Imhc Z->::

mnnaubt wms usk̀ ly saik Ikilkrs, stmee, mb` Aeehnkrs

ae tfk Fausk.

==. ^tmips ar Nmsf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5;

M cmnd ae stmb`mr` prankùrks mb` emhcurk ta eaccaw [^Z^

\kgucmthabs imy fmvk pkbbhttk` saik Ikilkrs' pkrsabmc

mb` nmipmhgb aeehnks ta nabvkrt aeehnhmc eub`s ta pkrsabmcusk ly kxnfmbghbg stmips ear nmsf.

=< . Zast Aeehnk ^knurhty . 55

Pfk cmnd ae m nabshstkbt pachny ear fmb`chbg naipcmhbts

mb` hbnh`kbts nrkmtk` sknurhty pralckis.

Atfkr Hbvksthgmthabs . . . . 55

M [bhtk` ^tmtks Nmphtac Zachnk . . 55

Pfk Nmphtac Zachnk hbvksthgmthab mb` faw tfkhr rack wms chihtk`.

L [bhtk` ^tmtks Zastmc Hbspknthab ^krvhnk . . . . . 75

Pfk [^ZH^ hbtkrvhkws, hbvacvkikbt, mb` tfkhr naipcktk mu`ht ae

tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk hb Oucy, =88=.

N. Naiihttkk Ab Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab @kianrmthn ^tmee . 76

Metkr mcckgmthabs ae Fausk Zast Aeehnk sfartmgks mppkmrk` hb tfk

prkss, @kianrmthn Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab stmeenabùntk` m

rkvhkw ae tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk.

HU. Mnthbg Zastimstkr s Mnthvhthks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Ihnfmkc O. ^fhbmy, &knuthvk Msshstmbt ta tfk Zastimstkr Gkbkrmc ae tfk[bhtk` ^tmtks Zastmc ^krvhnk wms msshgbk` ta tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk

ub`kr tfk &knuthvk ab camb pragrmi ae tfk [^Z^ mb` swarb hb ab

Imrnf >=, =88<.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

mgk vhh

U Ermbdk` Imhc Mnnaubtmlhchty 67

Pfk Naiihttkk ab Fausk M`ihbhstrmthab m`aptk` rkvhsk` \kgucmthabs

ar tfk Aeehnhmc Imhc Mccawmbnk keeknthvk Mprhc = =88< wfhnf rkquhrk

tfk Aeehnk a tfk Zastimstkr ta mnnaubt ar Fausk a \kprkskbtmthvks

ermbdk` imhc nacckntk` y tfk Fausk Zastimstkr.

UH \knaiikb`mthabs 68

M Euturk Zachny mb` Mnthab ly tfk Mnthbg Zastimstkr 68

L Mu`hts mb` Iabhtarhbg 8=

n Kipcaykk Fhrhbg 8<

@ Atfkr \knaiikb`mthabs

8>

UHH Mppkb`hx mb` Kxfhlht @anuikbts 80

@anuikbts rkcmthbg ta tfk Pmsd Earnk hbvksthgmthab mb` suppabhbg tfk

Pmsd Earnk \kpab a tfk Apkrmthabs mb` Imbmgkikbt a tfk Aeehnk a

Zastimstkr.



Hbvksthgmthab Avkrvhkw

=. Pmsd Earnk Hbvksthgmthab

Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk =

Fausk \ksacuthab >0:, màptk` ly tfk Fausk ae \kprkskbtmthvks ab Eklrumry ; =88<,

`hrkntk` tfk Naiihttkk ab Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab ta nabùnt mb hbvksthgmthab ae tfk

apkrmthabs mb` imbmgkikbt ae tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk mb` ta rkpart ta tfk eucc Fausk ba

cmtkr tfmb Imy >:, =88<.

Pfhs rksacuthab, hbtraùnk` ly tfk @kianrmts, wms màptk` ly m <;>-=5< vatk mb`

prknk`k` m \kpulchnmb mttkipt ta hbtraùnk m prhvhckgk` iathab nmcchbg ear mb hb`kpkb`kbt

hbvksthgmthab ae tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk.

Eaccawhbg màpthab ae F.\ks. >0:, m shx-ikilkr Pmsd Earnk wms nrkmtk` ta nabùnt

tfk hbvksthgmthab. t wms naipask` ae \kp. Nfmrchk \ask, Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab Naiihttkk

Nfmhrimb, wfa mppahbtk` fhiskce Pmsd Earnk Nfmhrimb, \kp. Mc ^whet mb` \kp. Imry \ask

Amdmr ms tfk @kianrmthn ikilkrs, mb` \kp. Zmt \alkrts, wfa wms mppahbtk` Pmsd Earnk

Uhnk Nfmhrimb ly \mbdhbg \kpulchnmb Ikilkr Lhcc Pfaims, \kp. Lhcc Pfaims mb` \kp.

Lhcc Lmrrktt ms tfk \kpulchnmb ikilkrs. .Ourhbg tfk naursk ae tfk Hbvksthgmthab, \kp. Gkrmc`

Dcknzdm rkpcmnk` \kp. Amdmr.

b Mprhc 8, tfk Fausk mppravk` F.\ks. 0>: rkmeehrihbg tfk bkk` ear m Fausk Zast

Aeehnk hbvksthgmthab mb` nab`kibhbg mby hbtkrekrkbnk ta hts pragrkss. Pfhs eaccawk` m

prhvhckgk` iathab rkquhrhbg tfk Nfmhrimb mb` Uhnk Nfmhrimb ta rkpart ta tfk Fausk mb`

kxpcmhb mnthabs ly tfk @kianrmthn naiihttkk stmee ta suspkb` tfk hbvksthgmthab mb` `kby

mnnkss ta tfk raai lkhbg usk` ly tfk Pmsd Earnk ear hbtkrvhkws.

Ab Imy <6, =88<, tfk Fausk mppravk` m rkqukst ly Nfmhrimb \ask mb` Uhnk

Nfmhrimb \alkrts tfmt tfk Pmsd Earnk lk ghvkb ubthc Oucy 5 ta nabùnt rkimhbhbg hbtkrvhkws

mb` ehck hts rkpart.

<. Alstmncks ta tfk Hbvksthgmthab

m \kcmthabsfhp whtf tfk @kpmrtikbt ae Ousthnk.

Pfk Pmsd Earnk im`k ht nckmr erai tfk autskt tfmt tfk aloknthvk wms ta nabùnt mb

hbvksthgmthab naipchikbtmry ta tfk nabnurrkbt nrhihbmc hbvksthgmthab ly tfk @kpmrtikbt ae

Ousthnk ( @AO ) mb` tfk aeehnk ae tfk [.^. Mttarbky ear tfk @hstrhnt ae Nacuilhm mb` hb ba

wmy hbtkrekrk whtf tfmt hbvksthgmthab.

Fawkvkr, tfk Pmsd Earnk emnk` hiik`hmtk mb` cmsthbg lmrrhkrs erai tfk @AO.

@ksphtk tfk stmtk` ckghscmthvk hbtkbt ta nabùnt mb hbquhry ae tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk mb` hts

awb pkrsabbkc, tfk Pmsd Earnk wms prkvkbtk` erai nabùnthbg m eucc mb` naipcktk

hbvksthgmthab lknmusk ae @AO mnthabs.



l [bmvmhcmlck Whtbkssks mb` @anuikbts.

Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk <

Pfk Pmsd Earnk nabùntk` iark tfmb 5 hbtkrvhkws ae Fausk Zast Aeehnk mb` Fausk

kipcaykks (saik iark tfmb abnk), >0 ub`kr amtf.

Fawkvkr, tfrkk ae tfk eaur tap aeehnhmcs hb tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk, wfa wkrk`hrkntcy hb nfmrgk ae imbmgkikbt mb` apkrmthabs mb` wfa fm` `hrknt mb` spknhehn

dbawck`gk ae tfk mcckgk` wrabgàhbg, wkrk bat mvmhcmlck ta lk hbtkrvhkwk` ub`kr amtf.

Pfk Pmsd Earnk nabùntk` hbearimc hbtkrvhkws whtf Zastimstkr \alkrt \atm mb` whtf

Omiks îhtf, Msshstmbt Zastimstkr ear Mnnaubtmlhchty (stmip naubtkr apkrmthabs). Fawkvkr,

mttarbkys ear kmnf stmtk` ta tfk Pmsd Earnk tfmt Ir. \atm mb` Ir. îhtf wauc` msskrt tfkhr

rhgft mgmhbst skce-hbnrhihbmthab he rknmcck` ta tksthey ub`kr amtf ta nckmr up `hsnrkpmbnhks.

Oambbm A'\aurdk, ms tfk Nfhke ae ^tmee ae tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk, rmb tfk aeehnk ab m

`my-ta-`my lmshs mb` fm` hbearimthab tfmt wms bat atfkrwhsk mvmhcmlck ta tfk Pmsd Earnk

rkgmr`hbg sunf imttkrs ms avkrthik, nfknd-nmsfhbg, pkrsabbkc prmnthnks mb` Fausk ZastAeehnk kipcaykks pravh`hbg m nmipmhgb nabtrhluthab phndup skrvhnk mt tfk Lrkbtwaa` Zast

Aeehnk laxks. Is. A'\aurdk msskrtk` fkr rhgft mgmhbst skce-hbnrhihbmthab mb` `knchbk` ta

tksthey.

\kpulchnmb ikilkrs ae tfk Pmsd Earnk hbtraùnk` m rksacuthab ta grmbt Is.

A'\aurdk usk hiiubhty, wfhnf wauc` fmvk pkrihttk` fkr ta tksthey lkeark tfk Pmsd Earnk

whtfaut tfrkmtkbhbg tfk @AO hbquhry. Pfk rksacuthab emhck` ta pmss tfk Naiihttkk ab Fausk

Mìhbhstrmthab ab m pmrty chbk vatk ae < @kianrmts ta 0 \kpulchnmbs.

@aratfkm Bhdh \hskbfaavkr, earikr nfhke ae tfk Cabgwartf stmthab, mcsa msskrtk`

fkr rhgft mgmhbst skce-hbnrhihbmthab. Pfk Pmsd Earnk `h` bat mttkipt ta hbtkrvhkw tfk eaurstmip naubtkr nckrds wfa wkrk hb`hntk` ear kilkzzckikbt, lknmusk ae tfkhr stmtus mb`

lknmusk tfkrk wms chttck hbearimthab wfhnf tfky nauc` pravh`k lkyab` tfk stmtkikbts wfhnf

tfky im`k ta tfk Zastmc Hbspkntars hb =88=.

Keearts ly tfk Naubskc ta tfk Nckrd ae tfk Fausk mb` tfk @kianrmthn ckm`krsfhp ck` ta

tfk rkpcmnkikbt ae tfk Nmphtac Zachnk ms tfk ckm` hbvksthgmthvk mgkbny. Nmphtac Zachnk

aeehnkrs cmtkr lknmik hbvksthgmtars ear tfk Grmb` Oury mb` shgbk` sknrkny ànuikbts

prkncu`hbg tfk Pmsd Earnk erai tmcdhbg ta tfk vkry aeehnkrs wfa dbkw tfk iast mlaut tfk

pralckis mt tfk Zast Aeehnk.

Dky [.^. Zastmc Hbspkntars mcsa shgbk` Grmb` Oury sknrkny mgrkkikbts mt tfk `hrknthabae tfk @AO mb` wkrk ubmvmhcmlck ta tfk Pmsd Earnk. ^hihcmr `heehnucthks mb` thik `kcmys whtf

aeehnhmc Fausk rknar`s lmrrk` tfk Pmsd Earnk erai dky ànuikbts.



n. [bmutfarhzk` @hsncasurks ae Pmsd Earnk Hbearimthab

Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk >

Pfk Pmsd Earnk mgrkk` mt hts argmbhzmthabmc ikkthbg tfmt mcc hbearimthab ae tfk

hbvksthgmthab iust lk dkpt nabeh`kbthmc ubthc tfk Pmsd Earnk ehck` hts rkpart. Pawmr` tfhs kb`,

kmnf stmee ikilkr wms rkquhrk` ta mgrkk hb wrhthbg ta dkkp sunf hbearimthab nabeh`kbthmc.

Pfk hbvksthgmthab wms pcmguk` ly nabthbuaus ckmds ta tfk bkws ik`hm mb`

spknucmthab ly tfk ik`hm ab tfk mnthvhthks ae tfk Pmsd Earnk. Nfmrgks mb` naubtkr-nfmrgks

lknmik m `mhcy rauthbk, `ksphtk tfk emnt tfmt prkss rkvkcmthabs fm` hbhthmccy praiptk` tfk Pmsd

Earnk hbvksthgmthab. Hb`kk`, imby ae tfk bkws starhks wkrk tfk lmshs ae tfk quksthabs tfmt

ck` ta eurtfkr hbquhry.

Zravh`hbg ea``kr ear tfk bhbk-iabtf snmb`mc rkpartk` whtf grkmt erkqukbny hb tfk

prkss imy fmvk lkkb hb`hvhùmcs erai miabg? = tfk =5: Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks wfa wkrk

mwmrk ae annurrkbnks hb tfk emnhchty4 <) tfk avkr 5: Pmsd Earnk whtbkssks mb` tfkhr vmrhaus

mttarbkys4 ar > tfk ab-gahbg nrhihbmc hbvksthgmthab ly tfk @AO. @ksphtk tfksk vmrhaus

saurnks ae hbearimthab, latf sh`ks mnnusk` tfk atfkr ms tfk saurnk ae ckmds, kvkb tfaugf kmnf

Pmsd Earnk stmee ikilkr shgbk` m bab-`hsncasurk mgrkkikbt wfhnf prafhlhtk` stmee erai

imdhbg `hsncasurks ae Pmsd Earnk hbearimthab ta mby pkrsab bat pmrt ae tfk Pmsd Earnk

hbvksthgmthab.

Hb m``hthab ta ckmds ta tfk bkw ik`hm, ubmutfarhzk` `hsncasurks ae Pmsd Earnk

hbearimthab rkgmr`hbg tfk nabtkbts ae prkchihbmry `rmet rkparts wkrk usk` ly nkrtmhb

Ikilkrs ae tfk Pmsd Earnk hb mb mttkipt ta prkssurk atfkr Ikilkrs ae tfk Pmsd Earnk hbta

màpthbg m pashthab tfmt tfk Pmsd Earnk wauc` bat hbncu`k Ikilkrs' bmiks hb tfk Pmsd

Earnk rkpart.Wfkb tfk Pmsd Earnk wms mppahbtk` mb` màptk` hts rucks, tfk stmee bab-`hsncasurk

mgrkkikbt wms màptk` whtf tfk ub`krstmb`hbg tfmt skcknthvk ckmds ta tfk bkws ik`hm nauc`

hbtkrekrk whtf tfk trust mb` nabeh`kbnk rkquhrk` ae latf sh`ks ear m trucy lhpmrthsmb

hbvksthgmthab ta sunnkk`. Pfk Pmsd Earnk `h` bat hbncu`k Ikilkrs ub`kr tfk bab- h̀sncasurk

mgrkkikbt mb` `h` bat earkskk tfmt saik Pmsd Earnk Ikilkrs wauc` tmdk prkchihbmry `rmet

rkpart hbearimthab autsh`k ae tfk Pmsd Earnk mb` nrkmtk prkssurk ab atfkr Pmsd Earnk

Ikilkrs hb mb mttkipt ta hbecukbnk tfk nabtkbt ae tfk ehbmc Pmsd Earnk rkpart.

>. Lmndgraub`m Nmphtac Zachnk Hbvksthgmthab.

Ab Mprhc <5, =88=, tfk Nmphtac Zachnk wkrk mckrtk` ae m patkbthmc tfket hb tfk Fausk

Zast Aeehnk ly tfk Fausk @kputy Zastimstkr, Bmbny Nacchbs, wfa mcsa hbearik` tfk [.^.

Zastmc Hbspknthab ^krvhnk.

Nmphtac Zachnk Nmptmhb Imnd Dkbbk`y, Naiimb`kr ae tfk Nrhihbmc Hbvksthgmthab

@hvhshab, hiik`hmtkcy wkbt ta tfk Zastimstkr's Aeehnk hb tfk Cabgwartf Luhc`hbg mb` wms



Pmsd Earnk \kpartZmgk 0

lrhkek` ly Zastimstkr \atm, Nfhke ae ^tmee Oambbm A'\aurdk, Msshstmbt Zastimstkr ear

Mnnaubtmlhchty Omiks îhtf mb` @kputy Zastimstkr Bmbny Nacchbs.

Pfk `hsmppkmrmbnk ae m stmip naubtkr kipcaykk mb` ihsshbg nmsf, stmips mb` iabky

ar`krs ck` ta m nrhihbmc hbvksthgmthab, bathehnmthab ae tfk @AO ly tfk Nmphtac Zachnk, b

hbtkrvhkw whtf tfk kipcaykk upab fhs rkturb, mb mu`ht ae tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk stmip

naubtkrs mb` prapask` hbtkrvhkws whtf Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks.

Erai Oubk 5 ta Oucy =:, tfkrk wkrk skrhaus mb` lmshn `hsmgrkkikbts miabg Nmptmhb

Imnd Dkbbk`y, Nfhke Ermbd Dkrrhgmb, Nckrd's Naubskc ^tkvkb \ass, ^krgkmbt mt Mris Omnd

\uss, Zastimstkr \alkrt \atm mb` tfkhr rkspknthvk msshstmbts rkgmr`hbg tfk mvmhcmlhchty ae tfk

rksucts ae tfk Nmphtac Zachnk mu`ht, mb` wfktfkr tfk Nmphtac Zachnk wauc` nabthbuk ms tfk ckm`

hbvksthgmthvk mgkbny ar turb tfk hbvksthgmthab avkr ta Zastmc Hbspkntars.

Nfhke Dkrrhgmb mb` Nmptmhb Dkbbk`y fmvk mcckgk` tfkhr hbvksthgmthab wms scawk` mb`

hipmhrk` mb` tfmt nrhthnmc thik wms cast ta pravk patkbthmc kilkzzckikbt mb` atfkr nrhihbmc

mnthvhty.

Nmphtac Zachnk aeehnkrs rkimhb mnthvk hb tfk @AO's mnthvhthks4 twa aeehnkrs wkrk

`kshgbmtk` hbvksthgmtars ear tfk [.^. Mttarbky mb` tfk Grmb` Oury.

l [.^. Zastmc Hbspknthab ^krvhnk.

Pfk [.^. Zastmc Hbspknthab ^krvhnk fms rkspabshlhchty ear nrhihbmc hbvksthgmthabs mb`

mu`hts whtfhb tfk Zastmc ^krvhnk. Hbspkntar Oafb K. Kc`kr wms tfk `kshgbmtk` chmhsab hbspkntar

ear tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk. Pfk Pmsd Earnk wms ubmlck ta quksthab Hbspkntar Kc`kr, lknmusk

ae fhs `kshgbmthab s m Grmb` Oury hbvksthgmtar.

Zrhar ta tfk kvkbts tfmt ck` ta tfk nrkmthab ae tfk Pmsd Earnk, tfk Wmsfhbgtab, @.N.

Zast Aeehnk im`k chttck ar ba keeart ta imdk tfkhr mbbumc mu`hts ab b ubmbbaubnk` lmshs.

Pfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk stmthabs wkrk mu`htk` hb skqukbnk, rmtfkr tfmb shiuctmbkauscy. M

rkvhkw ae mu`hts pkrearik` ùrhbg =868 mb` =88: rkecknt ehb`hbgs ae sfartmgks hb kxnkss ae

tackrmbnk ab eaur annmshabs, babk ae wfhnf wkrk rkekrrk` ta tfk [.^. Zastmc Hbspknthab

^krvhnk.

^hgbhehnmbt sfartmgks mggrkgmthbg mciast <:,::: wms h̀snavkrk` hb tfk stmip

mnnaubtmlhchty ly tfk hbhthmc Nmphtac Zachnk mu`ht ab Imy <8. Pfk ehb`hbgs wkrk prkskbtk` ta

tfk [.^. Mttarbky, lut wkrk bat im`k mvmhcmlck ta Zastimstkr \atm. [cthimtkcy, Fausk

@kianrmthn ckm`krsfhp saugft ta fmvk tfk Zastmc Hbspkntars tmdk avkr tfk hbvksthgmthab mb`

nabùnt mb mu`ht. Pfk Zastmc Hbspkntars nabùntk` m naipcktk mu h̀t ae tfk ehvk Fausk Zast

Aeehnk ubhts ab Oucy 8, =88=, saik shx wkkds metkr tfk Imy <8 hbhthmc Nmphtac Zachnk mu`ht.

Pfk mu`ht ly tfk Zastmc Hbspkntars sfawk` m bkt sfartmgk ae >>,;5:.:7. Zasshlck

vhacmthabs ae Ek`krmc cmw wkrk prkskbtk` ta tfk [.^. Mttarbky mb` m ek`krmc Grmb` Oury. Pfk



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk ;

Zastimstkr rknkhvk` tfk rksucts ae tfk mu`ht hbncu`hbg imbmgkikbt rknaiikb`mthabs ab

^kptkilkr <>.

Erai Oucy 8 ta cmtk @knkilkr Fausk @kianrmthn ckm`krsfhp mb` Zastimstkr \atm mb`

fhs stmee nabthbuk` ta ward whtf tfk [.^. Zastmc Hbspknthab ^krvhnk ta ànuikbt tfk lmshs ear

tfk nmsf sfartmgks eaub` hb tfk Oucy 8 mu`ht ta hbtkrvhkw stmee skkd rkpmyikbt ae ihsshbg

eub`s mb` ehbmccy hb @knkilkr tkrihbmtk eaur kipcaykks.

n. Hbvksthgmthab y Naiihttkk ab Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab @kianrmthn ^tmee.

Ab Ombumry <7 =88< Fkh`h Zkb`kr ^pknhmc Naubskc ta Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab

Naiihttkk Nfmhrimb Nfmrchk \ask hbhthmtk` m rkvhkw ae tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk hb chgft ae

iucthpck mcckgmthabs mppkmrhbg hb tfk bkws ik`hm. Pfk rkvhkw ae tfk Zast Aeehnk apkrmthabs

wms nfmhrk` ly \kp. Imry \ask Amdmr. Pfk @kianrmthn stmee hbtkrvhkwk` <6 hb`hvhùmcs

hbvacvk` hb apkrmthabs mb` imbmgkikbt.

Lmsk` upab stmtkikbts im`k wfkb lrhkehbg Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab \kpulchnmb stmee ab

Imrnf ; =88< tfk @kianrmthn stmee nabncu`k` tfmt wrabgàhbg annurrk` hb tfk Fausk Zast

Aeehnk. Ba earimc rknaiikb`mthabs ar nabncushabs wkrk praùnk` ear Naiihttkk mnthab

Pfk @kianrmthn stmee nabncu`k` hts hbvksthgmthab oust lkeark tfk Fausk màptk` F.\ks. >0:.

âik hbearimthab altmhbk` erai tfk @kianrmthn hbvksthgmthab wms nabvkyk` ta tfk

\kpulchnmb stmee hb tfk Imrnf ; armc lrhkehbg. Pypk` suiimrhks ae saik ae tfk @kianrmthn

stmee hbtkrvhkw batks wkrk im`k mvmhcmlck ta \kpulchnmb stmee ab Mprhc = =88<.

` \kpulchnmb Hbvacvkikbt.

Mctfaugf imoar nrhihbmc mnthvhty wms suspkntk` hb tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk ms kmrcy ms

Mprhc =88= mb` sulstmbthmc hbearimthab hb rkgmr` ta tfhs mnthvhty mb` atfkr wrabgàhbg wms

ckmrbk` tfraugfaut Imy mb` Oubk ae tfmt ykmr Fausk \kpulchnmbs erai tfk sulnaiihttkk

ckvkc ta tfk ckm`krsfhp wkrk bat hbearik` hb m thikcy emsfhab.

Hbearimthab rkgmr`hbg mb ub`hsncask` Nmphtac Zachnk hbvksthgmthab mb hbsthtuthabmc

struggck rkgmr`hbg tfk skpmrmthab ae pawkrs tfk sknrkt tmphbg ae @kianrmthn aeehnhmcs tfk

kilkzzckikbt ae tfausmb`s ae àccmrs `rug usk mb` smcks tfk ubartfaàx ehrhbg ae Fausk

Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks mb` mttkipts ta rknabnhck mb` rkgmhb ihsshbg eub`s wms bkvkr

`hsncask`. @kputy Zastimstkr Nacchbs earimccy lrhkek` m skbhar @kianrmthn stmee ikilkr

mlaut tfksk imttkrs ab Bavkilkr = lut babk ae tfhs hbearimthab wms pmssk` ab ta

\kpulchnmbs. Ehbmccy bkws rkparts hb cmtk Ombumry =88< nabtmhbhbg iucthpck mcckgmthabs ae

wrabgàhbg praiptk` tfk @kianrmthn ckm`krsfhp ta lkghb hts awb keeart ta hbvksthgmtk tfk

Fausk Zast Aeehnk. Pfhs rkvhkw ly tfk @kianrmthn stmee cmstk` skvkrmc `mys mb` rksuctk` hb m

builkr ae hbtkrvhkws lut kb`k` whtfaut mby earimc ehb`hbgs ar rknaiikb`mthabs lkhbg

prkskbtk`.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk

Ehbmccy, metkr ckmrbhbg a tfk Zastmc Hbspknthab ^krvhnk mu`ht erai Zastimstkr \atm's

tksthiaby lkeark tfk ûlnaiihttkk ab Ckghscmthvk Lrmbnf Mppraprhmthabs ab Ombumry <>, tfk

\kpulchnmb ckm`krsfhp `kimb`k` m ikkthbg whtf tfk Zastmc Hbspknthab ^krvhnk. Eaccawhbg

tfhs lrhkehbg, tfk \kpulchnmb ckm`krsfhp wkbt ta tfk Fausk ecaar ta `kimb` tfk mppahbtikbt

a mb hb`kpkb`kbt naubskc ta rkvhkw tfk mu`ht mb` mcckgk` wrabgàhbg.

Pfk \kpulchnmb rkqukst wms nhrnuivkbtk` ly tfk @kianrmthn ckm`krsfhp ly aeekrhbg

mb` màpthbg ab m pmrthsmb vatk, F.\ks. >0:, `hrknthbg tfk Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab Naiihttkk

ta nabùnt m lhpmrthsmb hbvksthgmthab.

Metkr eaur wkkds, tfk \kpulchnmbs wkrk ehbmccy lrhkek` armccy ly tfk @kianrmts ab tfk

hbearimthab tfky fm` mcrkm`y altmhbk` prhar ta tfk màpthab a F.\ks. >0:. Chihtk`

@kianrmthn stmee hbtkrvhkw batks mb` atfkr pkrthbkbt ànuikbtmthab wms pravh`k`.

Pfk kbvhrabikbt hb wfhnf tfk hbvksthgmthab apkrmtk` lknmik fhgfcy pmrthsmb mb`

naberabtmthabmc lktwkkb ckgmc stmees. Ikilkrs hbtkrvkbk` ta rksacvk lmshn, eub`mikbtmc

apkrmthbg hssuks sunf ms raai mvmhcmlhchty mb` mnnkss ta tfk prhar @kianrmthn hbvksthgmthab

batks. t abk pahbt, tfk Nfmhrimb mntumccy suspkb`k` tfk hbvksthgmthab mb` wms hb tfk

prankss a mttkipthbg ta kvmnumtk tfk fkmrhbg raai mb` nfmbgk tfk cands.

Pfhs hbnh`kbt ck` ta m `klmtk ab tfk Fausk ecaar mb` tfk Fausk pmsshbg m rksacuthab

(F.\ks. 0>:) rkhtkrmthbg tfk bkk` ear tfk hbvksthgmthab ta prankk` whtfaut eurtfkr

hipk`hikbts.

@urhbg tfk hbtkrvhkws, tfk @kianrmthn sh`k pmrthnhpmtk` hb m sknab`mry wmy.

\kpulchnmb stmee nmrrhk` tfk lur`kb a snfkùchbg whtbkssks mb` nabùnthbg tfk quksthabhbg.

Wfhck tfk snfkùck a Ikilkrs prkncu`k` rkgucmr mttkb`mbnk ùrhbg tfk quksthabhbg a

whtbkssks, ht sfauc` lk batk` tfmt \kpulchnmb Ikilkrs wkrk hb mttkb`mbnk ear iast a tfk

dky whtbkssks. Mcc Ikilkrs wkrk rkprkskbtk` ly stmee.

Pfk Pmsd Earnk im`k kvkry keeart ta chiht tfk hbvksthgmthab ta spknhehn mcckgmthabs a

wrabgàhbg ly tfk whtbkssks. Zrkchihbmry hbtkrvhkws ly tfk imoarhty mb` Pmsd Earnk

hbtkrvhkws hb`hnmtk` tfmt tfkrk wkrk mcckgmthabs tfmt nabtmhbk` patkbthmc ear m nabechnt a

hbtkrkst rkgmr`hbg \kp. Imry \ask Amdmr. Mctfaugf \kp. Amdmr cket tfk Pmsd Earnk, tfk

@kianrmthn stmee rktmhbk` mb Amdmr stmee ikilkr ms pmrt a tfk hbvksthgmthvk tkmi.

Nfmhrimb \ask saugft hb wrhthbg ta nmcc \kpulchnmb stmee ta mppkmr lkeark tfk Pmsd

Earnk, hbncu`hbg tap stmee ikilkrs hb \kpulchnmb Ckm`kr Ihnfkc's aeehnk mb` ihbarhty stmee

ta tfk ûlnaiihttkk ab Zkrsabbkc mb` Zachnk. Wfkb Uhnk Nfmhrimb \alkrts mb` \kp.

Pfaims pahbtk` aut tfmt ba ihbarhty stmee fm` lkkb ikbthabk` hb khtfkr tfk kmrchkr

@kianrmthn stmee ar abgahbg Pmsd Earnk hbtkrvhkws hb rkgmr` ta tfk spknhehn nfmrgks a wrabg

àhbg, Nfmhrimb \ask whtf`rkw tfk rkqukst, kvkb tfaugf \kpulchnmb Ikilkrs wkrk whcchbg

ta mccaw tfksk hbtkrvhkws ta ga earwmr`.



0. Imbmgkikbt mb` Apkrmthab.

Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 7

Pfk hbvksthgmthab eaub` m Zast Aeehnk hb `hsmrrmy. Pfk Zast Aeehnk eaccawk` ekw ae

tfk stmb`mr` prankùrks ae tfk [^Z^. Imbmgkikbt hb tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk wms hbnmpmlck

ae nmrryhbg aut tfk rkspabshlhchthks mb` tmsds msshgbk`.

Pfk Mnthbg Zastimstkr, Ihnfmkc ^fhbmy, stmtk` fk eaub` nab`hthabs nfmathn, tfk

aeehnks ncuttkrk` mb` hb `hsar`kr, m lubdkr ikbtmchty miabg atfkrwhsk fmr`wardhbg

kipcaykks, ms wkcc ms m cmnd ae imbmgkikbt nabtrac mb` ba wrhttkb prankùrks ta guh`k `my

ta-`my mnthvhthks. Ir. ^fhbmy eaub` tfkrk wms chttck skbsk ae rkspabshlhchty whtf rkspknt ta

`mhcy ward thik mb` mttkb`mbnk mb` tfmt imby aeehnk pashthabs mccattk` fm` hbsueehnhkbt ùthks

ta ousthey m eucc thik msshgbikbt. Atfkr pashthabs wkrk eaub` ta lk msshgbk` ta mnthvhthks abcy

hb`hrkntcy rkcmtk` ta barimc Zast Aeehnk rkspabshlhchthks, sunf ms tfk tkckx mb` vhsm skrvhnks.

Hb =87<, tfk mbbumc pmyracc nast ae tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk wms mppraxhimtkcy

$8==,:::. Ly =88=, tfk nast fm` rhskb ta $>,8<:,5;;, m 0::% hbnrkmsk. Pfksk stmee

kxpmbshabs wkrk mttrhlutk` ta hbnrkmsk` hbnaihbg imhc tfmt hbnrkmsk` tfk wardcam`.

Fawkvkr, tfkrk mrk imoar `hsnrkpmbnhks lktwkkb tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk ksthimtks ae imhc

vacuik mb` [^Z^ imhc naubts.

Lmsk` upab Zastimstkr \atm s rknar`s, tfk hbnaihbg imhc vacuik sdyrandktk`

erai ;< ihcchab phknks hb =877 ta <<; ihcchab hb =86;. Fawkvkr, imhc vacuik rknar`s

erai tfk [^Z^ sfaw Ir. \atm s avkrnaubt wms =5: ihcchab hb =86;. Fhs avkrnaubt ae

tfk hbnaihbg imhc ta tfk Fausk erai =86; tfraugf =88= wms hb iast nmsks hb kxnkss ae

=:: ihcchab phknks ae imhc pkr ykmr. b oust abk ykmr, tfk Zastimstkr's naubt wms >;:

pkrnkbt ae tfk mntumc [^Z^ imhc naubt.

Pfksk fugk `hsnrkpmbnhks ub`krsnark tfk emnt tfmt imhc vacuik rkparts wkrk usk` hb

pmrt ta ousthey mb hbnrkmshbg pmtrabmgk kipcayikbt systki. t mcsa ub`krsnarks tfk

Zastimstkr's `hckiim. Pfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk wms hb sunf lm` sfmpk hb tkris ae

praùnthvhty, mlskbtkkhsi, hbnaipktkbnk, kipcaykk iarmck, mb` pachthnhzmthab tfmt Ir. \atm

fm` ta iark tfmb àulck tfk imhc naubt hb ar`kr ta ousthey kbaugf kxtrm mb` tkiparmry

kipcaykks ta dkkp up whtf tfk mntumc imhc ecaw.

Hb =88:, m pcmb ta rkargmbhzk tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk wms sulihttk` ta tfk Fausk

Mìhbhstrmthab ûlnaiihttkk ab Zachnk mb` Zkrsabbkc. Pfk arhghbmc prapasmc wauc` fmvk

nast $=,<05, = < mb` wauc` fmvk nrkmtk` ;; m``hthabmc pashthabs hb tfk Zast Aeehnk. Pfk pcmb

wms nabsh`krk` hb twa stmgks mb` tfk sulnaiihttkk nut tfk prapasmc ly ;7 pkrnkbt ta

$;05,:85 mb` rkùnk` tfk builkr ae bkw pashthabs erai ;; ta bhbk.

Ba abk kxkrnhsk` hbsthtuthabmc avkrshgft avkr tfk Zast Aeehnk. Hb rkgmr` ta pachny,

apkrmthabs mb` emvars ear Ikilkrs, ht mppkmrs tfmt Zastimstkr \atm `h` kxmntcy wfmt nkrtmhb

Ikilkrs msdk` fhi ta à mb` nckmrcy lkchkvk` fk wms àhbg wfmt wms kxpkntk` ae fhi.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 6

Buikraus hbtkrvhkwkks, hbncu`hbg Zastimstkr \atm, tksthehk` ta imoar `heehnucthks whtf

tfk wmy kipcaykks wkrk fhrk`, `hsnhpchbk`, suspkb`k` ar tkrihbmtk`. ar kxmipck, m Fausk

Zast Aeehnk kipcaykk, ab skvkrmc annmshabs kxfhlhtk` lhzmrrk lkfmvhar tfmt hbncu`k`

`hsralhbg. Xkt, ht wms fhs supkrvhsar wfa wms rkprhimb`k` lknmusk sfk taad mnthab ta staptfk `hsrupthab.

Zastimstkr \atm mb` fhs stmee fm` vhrtumccy ba mutfarhty ta fhrk ar ehrk pmtrabmgk

kipcaykks. Hbstkm`, fk wms `hrkntk` ly tfk @kianrmthn Zmtrabmgk Naiihttkk hb oal

msshgbikbts, praiathabs mb` `hsnhpchbmry mnthabs.

Ae tfk =5: eucc thik Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks, twa fmvk lkkb h`kbthehk` ms

\kpulchnmb mppahbtikbts. Ms pashthabs lknmik apkb hb tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk ar pashthabs

wkrk imb`mtk`, tfk Zastimstkr wauc` mwmht war` erai tfk @kianrmthn Zkrsabbkc Naiihttkk

ab tfk hb`hvhùmc ta lk mppahbtk`. Hb`hvhùmcs wkrk msshgbk` tfksk pashthabs, bat lmsk` upab

tfkhr kxpkrhkbnk ar qumchehnmthabs, lut ab tfk Ikilkr's rkqukst. âik kipcaykks mppahbtk`wkrk hcchtkrmtk mb` hbnmpmlck ae nmrryhbg aut msshgbk` tmsds, ckmvhbg ward ta lk àbk ly atfkr

kipcaykks, tfkrkly m``hbg ta tfk bkk` ear iark kipcaykks.

^hipcy stmtk`, tfk iark pawkreuc tfk pmtrab ar spabsar ae tfk hb`hvhùmc, tfk ckss

nabtrac Zastimstkr \atm ar atfkrs wauc` fmvk avkr tfk kipcaykk. Pfhs hbmlhchty ta mppahbt

qumchehk` mb` naipktkbt hb`hvhùmcs ck` ta m cmnd ae praeksshabmchsi, hbkeehnhkbny,

hbnaipktkbny, mlusk mb` mlskbtkkhsi.

ûlstmbthmc pmyikbts ae avkrthik ear thik bat wardk` wkrk im`k, whtf hb`hvhùmcs

mlck ta nkrthey avkrthik (hbncu`hbg tfkhr awb) whtfaut supkrvhshab. M ekw kipcaykks wkrk

nabshstkbtcy mlskbt erai tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk ùrhbg wardhbg faurs mb` twa wkrknabshstkbtcy h`kbthehk` ms lkhbg ba sfaw ar gfast kipcaykks.

Kipcaykks ekct strabgcy tfmt tfkrk wkrk imoar rmnhmc tkbshabs hb tfk Fausk Zast

Aeehnk, whtf lcmnd kipcaykks stmthbg tfky wkrk avkrcaadk` ear praiathab ar m`vmbnkikbt.

Atfkr whtbkssks tksthehk` ta ubsmek wardhbg nab`hthabs hbncu`hbg fmrmssikbt, tfrkmts, vkrlmc

mlusk mb` ehgfthbg.

; Mcckgk` Hiprapkr Mnthvhthks

m @rugs

Mcckgk` hcckgmc `rug mnthvhty hs ub`kr hbvksthgmthab ly tfk @AO mb` tfk Nmphtac Zachnk.s ae tfk `mtk ae tfhs rkpart, twa earikr Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks fmvk lkkb hb`hntk` ear `rug

rkcmtk` aeekbsks mb` kmnf fms kbtkrk` hbta m pckm mgrkkikbt whtf tfk [.^. Mttarbky.

Fawkvkr, tfk Pmsd Earnk `ktkrihbk` tfkrk wms chttck, he mby, hipckikbtmthab ae

nurrkbt Nmphtac Fhcc `rug pachny ar mby pragrmi ae kùnmthab mb` rkfmlhchtmthab. Whtbkssks

naipcmhbk` mlaut cmnd ae rkspabsk ta rkpartk` `rug usk mb` `rug pmrmpfkrbmchm. Naipcmhbts

ly twa ekimck kipcaykks, wfa rknkhvk` `hrknt tfrkmts ae pfyshnmc fmri ta tfki mb` tfkhr




emihchks ms m rksuct ae rkparthbg mcckgk` `rug usk mb` smcks, wkrk hgbark`. Pfhs imttkr wms

bat rksacvk` ubthc tfk naipcmhbts wkrk lraugft ta tfk mttkbthab ae tfk Pmsd Earnk.

l Kilkzzckikbt.

Pfk tfket ae gavkrbikbt prapkrty mb` kilkzzckikbt ae eub`s hs ub`kr hbvksthgmthab

ly tfk [.^. Mttarbky. Eaur Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks fmvk lkkb hb`hntk` mb` fmvk kbtkrk` hbta

pckm mgrkkikbts rkcmthbg ta tfk tfket ae bkmrcy $>0,:::. Pfk cmnd ae imbmgkikbt nabtracs,

hbncu`hbg tfk rktkbthab ae kxnkss nmsf mb` mb hbkeeknthvk mu`ht pachny, ck` ta tfksk nrhiks.

n. Ihsusk ae tfk Zastimstkr's Ermbd.

Imby mcckgmthabs fmvk lkkb im`k rkgmr`hbg tfk mcckgk` usk ae tfk Zastimstkr's ermbd

ear bab-aeehnhmc imhchbgs. Pfk Mnthbg Zastimstkr's rknar`ae

uskae

tfk Zastimstkr's ermbdrkvkmcs m `rmimthn `heekrkbnk hb naipmrhsab whtf Ir. \atm's. Mnthbg Zastimstkr ^fhbmy's

ermbdhbg usk fms mvkrmgk` mppraxhimtkcy $;:: pkr iabtf ear ^tmtk @kpmrtikbt Pkckxks. Ir.

\atm's ermbdhbg nasts mvkrmgk` ncask ta $0,::: m iabtf.

Latf Oambbm A'\aurdk, Nfhke ae ^tmee, mb` Bmbny Nacchbs, @kputy Zastimstkr, stmtk`

hb tfkhr ehrst hbtkrvhkw whtf Fausk M`ihbhstrmthab Naiihttkk @kianrmthn stmee tfmt tfky dbkw

saik Ikilkr 's imhc wkbt aut ub`kr tfk Zastimstkr's ermbd. Narralarmthbg rknar`s wkrk bat

mvmhcmlck mb` tfk Pmsd Earnk `h` bat fmvk mnnkss ta Is. A'\aurdk ar Ir. \atm ub`kr amtf.

Naphks ae tfk hbtkrbmc narrkspab`kbnk ae tfk Fhcc, hbncu`hbg \kpulchnmb ckghscmthvk

@kmr Nacckmguk ckttkrs, wkrk skbt ta @kianrmthn ckm`krsfhp mb` m skcknt graup ae callyhsts

tfraugfaut tfk nhty. Nabgrksshabmc \knar̀ s, Ek`krmc \kghstkrs, nabgrksshabmc nmckb`mrs,

bkwspmpkrs, imgmzhbks mb` atfkr fhgfcy hb-`kimb` pulchnmthabs wkrk imhck` ta tfhs graup

ub`kr tfk ermbd, ms wkcc ms lkhbg `hstrhlutk` ta Fausk aeehnks, mt ba nast ta tfk skb`krs ar tfk

rknhphkbts.

`. Pfk Zastimstkr 's Kxprkss Imhc Mnnaubt.

b Kxprkss Imhc Ek`krmc mgkbny mnnaubt wms kstmlchsfk` ear Nabgrkss hb =876.

H`kbthehk` ms Z->:: ear tfk Fausk, tfk mnnaubt wms ncaskcy nabtracck` ly Zastimstkr \atm

whtf mppravk` imhchbgs rkstrhntk` ta rkcmthvkcy ekw Ikilkrs mb` Fausk Aeehnkrs.

Pksthiaby hb`hnmtk` tfmt tfk Z->:: mnnaubt wms usk̀ ear pkrsabmc imttkrs. M rkvhkw

ae Kxprkss Imhc earis lktwkkb =868 mb` =88: sfaws m builkr ae Ikilkrs mb` Fausk

Aeehnkrs im`k usk ae tfk Z->:: mnnaubt. Hb m``hthab ta Kxprkss Imhc arhghbmthbg hb

Wmsfhbgtab, [^Z^ rknar`s hb`hnmtk wh`ksprkm` usk mt tfk nabgrksshabmc `hstrhnt ckvkc.

Pfk [^Z^ rkpartk` tfmt ear tfk tfhr` ehsnmc qumrtkr ae =88:, mppraxhimtkcy $<,:::

wms spkbt erai tfk Z->:: mnnaubt. Pfk [^Z^ rkpartk` tfmt ear tfk eaurtf ehsnmc qumrtkr, tfk

qumrtkr oust prhar ta tfk =88: kcknthab, mppraxhimtkcy $>7,::: wms spkbt.



k. Nfknd Nmsfhbg b` ^tmips ear Nmsf.

Pmsd Earnk \kpartZmgk =

Pfk emhcurk ae tfk Zastimstkr ta rkiht mcc Zastmc eub`s ab m `mhcy lmshs mb` tfk

hiprapkr rkquhshthab ae stmips pkrihttk` tfk mnnuiucmthab ae kxnkss nmsf mvmhcmlck ear nfknd

nmsfhbg mt tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk.Pfk tatmc mnnaubtmlhchty ab Oucy 8, =88= wms $00<,6=<.8< mb` ae tfmt miaubt,

$07,<88.;5 wms hb nmsf, `ksphtk [^Z^ rkgucmthabs earlh``hbg nmsf rktkbthab ae iark tfmb

$=::. Mppraxhimtkcy $<8,::: hb nmsf wms hb tfk aeehnk ae Omiks îhtf, tfk Msshstmbt

Zastimstkr ear Mnnaubtmlhchty. Pfhs nabtrmsts whtf m [^Z^ rknaiikb`k` tatmc Fausk Zast

Aeehnk mnnaubtmlhchty ae $=8;,:::.

Whtbkssks `ksnrhlk` Ir. îhtf's aeehnk ms chttkrk` whtf stmips mb` iabky. ^tmips

mb` nmsf wkrk dkpt hb `ksd `rmwkrs, ab tfk `ksd mb` kvkb ab tfk ecaar ms wkcc ms hb tfk smek.

Mb hbtkrbmc mu`ht eaub` m sfartmgk ae lktwkkb $=,::: mb` $;,::: lut tfkrk hs ba

rknar` ae tfhs sfartmgk fmvhbg lkkb rkpartk` ta tfk Zastimstkr ar autsh`k Zastmc mutfarhthks.@uk ta tfk cmnd ae m stmb`mr` ar ub`krstaa` pachny, nfknd mnnkptmbnk mb` nmsfhbg

prmnthnks vmrhk` miabg naubtkr nckrds. Zkrsabmc nfknds, nmipmhgb naiihttkk nfknds, nmsf

mb` vaunfkrs wkrk mnnkptk` ms pmyikbt ear Zastmc nfmrgks mb` skrvhnks ms cabg ms tfk

hb`hvhùmc fm` m Fausk h`kbthehnmthab nmr`. Pfk Pmsd Earnk mcsa rknkhvk` tksthiaby tfmt

pkrsabmc nfknds mb` pmyracc nfknds wkrk lkhbg nmsfk`. Buikraus Fausk Zast Aeehnk

kipcaykks stmtk` tfky fm` rknkhvk` nmsf ear pkrsabmc ar pmyracc nfknds erai tfk naubtkr

nckrds.

Pfkrk wauc` mppkmr ta lk ba prmnthnmc wmy ta `ktkrihbk erai kxhsthbg rknar`s wfhnf

nfknds wkrk usk` ta purnfmsk stmips ms appask` ta lkhbg bkgathmtk` ear nmsf.Whtbkssks stmtk` saik Ikilkrs ae Nabgrkss, nkrtmhb earikr Ikilkrs, callyhsts, mb`

pkrsabmc erhkb`s ae Zastimstkr \atm usk` tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk ms m pkrsabmc lmbd . Mcc ae

tfksk mcckgk` trmbsmnthabs wkrk mppravk` ly Ir. \atm, Is. A'\aurdk ar Ir. îhtf lkfhb`

ncask` àars. ^hbnk tfk Pmsd Earnk `h` bat fmvk mnnkss ta mby ae tfk mlavk bmik`

hb`hvhùmcs ub`kr amtf, tfk mcckgmthabs nauc` bat lk vkrhehk`.

Pfkrk fmvk lkkb vmrhaus rkparts ae stmips lkhbg kxnfmbgk` ear nmsf ta Ikilkrs mb`

atfkrs ly Zast Aeehnk pkrsabbkc. Pfhs imttkr hs tfk suloknt ae m nabthbuhbg Grmb` Oury

hbvksthgmthab.

e. Ihsusk ae Fausk Kipcaykks ear Nmipmhgb Zurpasks.

Pfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk skt up mb` skrvhnk` Zast Aeehnk laxks ear tfk nmipmhgb

naiihttkks ae nkrtmhb Ikilkrs ae Nabgrkss mt tfk Lrkbtwaa` [.^. Zast QAeehnk emnhchty. Pfk

Zastimstkr wauc` msshst tfk Ikilkrs hb sktthbg up tfk laxks mb` tfk pmsspart naurhkrs wauc`

rkgucmrcy phnd up tfk imhc mb` lrhbg ht lmnd ta tfk Fausk, lypmsshbg sknurhty snmbbkrs. Pfk

imhc wms tfkb `kchvkrk` ta tfk Ikilkr's aeehnks.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk

Pfk laxks mrk m nabnkrb wfkb Fausk kipcaykks mrk uthchzk` ta skrvhnk nmipmhgb

naccknthab mb` `hstrhluthab.

Pfk Pmsd Earnk wms ubmlck ta `ktkrihbk tfk tatmc builkr ae laxks skrvhnk` ly tfk

Fausk Zast Aeehnk. Ir. \atm ksthimtk` ms imby ms <; laxks nauc` fmvk kxhstk`. Pfknaurhkrs fm` `hrknt dbawck`gk ae laxks imhbtmhbk` ear? \kp. Bhnfacms Imvraucks, \kp.

@kbbhs Fkrtkc, \kp. Ohi Iaa`y, \kp. Imry \ask Amdmr, mb` \kp. K`wmr` Ekhgfmb.

Hb m``hthab ta tfk mlavk, rknar`s mb` narrkspab`kbnk erai tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk

sfaw naurhkr skrvhnk ear? \kp. Omb Ikykrs mb` earikr Ikilkrs Ekrbmb` t̂. Gkrimhb,

^miukc ^trmttab, mb` Imrha Lhmggh4 tfk Mikrhnmb Ckm`krs Eub` (m ckm`krsfhp ZMN nabtracck`

ly \kp. @mb \astkbdawsdh)4 mb` twa hb`hvhùmcs, \mcpf Wkcnf mb` Lal Fmihctab.

g. Zkrsabmc b` Ikilkr Mlusk ae Zast Aeehnk \ksaurnks.

Whtbkssks stmtk` tfmt Zast Aeehnk vkfhncks wkrk usk` ear bab-aeehnhmc lushbkss. Pfkvkfhncks wkrk rkpartk` ta fmvk lkkb usk` ta `rhvk Ikilkrs, earikr Ikilkrs, mb` callyhsts

ta tfk mhrpart. Naurhkrs stmtk` tfky wkrk aetkb msdk` ta `rap aee pmndmgks mt vmrhaus

`ksthbmthabs hb tfk nhty. Wfhck m cag ae ihcks, `kpmrturks, `ksthbmthabs mb` mrrhvmcs wms

mcckgk`cy dkpt, tfk abcy cag laad altmhbk` ly tfk Pmsd Earnk nabtmhbk` m rknar` ae ihckmgk

abcy erai Bav. <;, 88 ta Imy <>, =88< mb` `h` bat rknar` `ksthbmthabs.

^kvkrmc kipcaykks stmtk` tfmt tfk @hrkntar ae Prmbspartmthab, Okrry Nmrtkr, mcsa mntk`

ms Ir. \atm's pkrsabmc `rhvkr mb` tfmt atfkr `rhvkrs `ravk spknhmc krrmb`s mt Ir. \atm's

rkqukst.

Fausk Zast Aeehnk pkrsabbkc wkrk saikthiks `hrkntk` ly supkrvhsars ta pkreariemvars ear vmrhaus Ikilkr aeehnks. Pfk Pmsd Earnk rknkhvk` rkparts tfmt kipcaykks wkrk

msdk` ta mbswkr tkckpfabks ùrhbg stmee pmrthks mb` eub`-rmhshbg rknkpthabs. Hb nkrtmhb

hbstmbnks, nmckb`mrs wkrk rkpartk`cy skbt ta tfk Zast Aeehnk ta lk stmipk` whtf tfk Ikilkr's

shgbmturk ly Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks. Pfksk nmckb`mrs mcckgk`cy wkrk skbt ta tfk

Ikilkr's nabgrksshabmc `hstrhnt ub`kr tfk Zastimstkr's ermbd.

Whtbkssks tksthehk` tfmt nkrtmhb callyhsts fm` mnnkss ta pmrdhbg spmnks hb ub`krgraub`

gmrmgk spmnk mccattk` ta Ikilkrs mb` stmee. Ir. \atm fm` =: spmnks mccattk`, ae wfhnf 7

wkrk chstk` ms vmnmbt . Kipcaykks stmtk` callyhsts mb` earikr Ikilkrs wkrk fkcpk` hb

rkgmr` ta pkrsabmc trmbspartmthab mb` altmhbhbg thndkts ear mhr mb` trmhb trmvkc.Fausk Zast Aeehnk Nfhke ae ^tmee, Oambbm A'\aurdk, imhbtmhbk` m ecawkr eub`

nabtmhbhbg praehts erai m Zast Aeehnk vkb`hbg imnfhbk. Pfk vkb`hbg imnfhbk ar ecawkr

eub` wms usk` ta skb` ecawkrs wfkb mb kipcaykk fm` m `kmtf hb tfk emihcy.

Mnnar`hbg ta kmrcy hbtkrvhkws nabùntk` ly Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab @kianrmthn ^tmee,

A'\aurdk dkpt tfk nmsf ear tfk eub` hb fkr `ksd. Cmtkr mb mnnaubt wms apkbk` mt tfk

Nabgrksshabmc Nrk`ht [bhab hb fkr bmik.



f. Nmphtac Zachnk Nrhihbmc Hbvksthgmthab.

Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk <

Pfkrk mrk nabechnthbg stmtkikbts mb` mcckgmthabs rkgmr`hbg tfk spknhehn racks pcmyk` ly

tfk Nmphtac Zachnk, Fausk Zast Aeehnk stmee, tfk Naubskc ta tfk Nckrd, Nmphtac Zachnk

Mttarbky, ^krgkmbt mt Mris, mb` Fausk @kianrmthn ckm`krsfhp erai Oubk 5, 88 ta Oucy =:,=88=, wfkb tfk Nmphtac Zachnk mrk hbearik` tfky wauc` ba cabgkr ckm` tfk hbvksthgmthab.

Nmptmhb Dkbbk`y mb` earikr Nfhke Dkrrhgmb stmtk` tfkhr lkchke tfmt tfk hbvksthgmthab

ly tfk Nmphtac Zachnk wms lkhbg nab`untk` hb m praeksshabmc imbbkr ubthc ht wms scawk` mb`

kvkbtumccy suspkb`k` mt tfk hbhthmthab a Nckrd s Naubskc ^tkvkb \ass. Pfk Zachnk batk` tfk

shx-wkkd `kcmy hb thik erai tfk arhghbmc mu`ht ly tfk Nmphtac Zachnk ab Imy <8, ta tfk

sknab` mu`ht a Oucy 8, =88=. Hb m``hthab, skrhaus `rug-usk mcckgmthabs im`k mt tfk thik a

tfk mu`hts wkbt ubhbvksthgmtk` ear imby iabtfs.

Pfk cmst whtbkss ta mppkmr lkeark tfk Pmsd Earnk, earikr Nfhke Dkrrhgmb, fms mcckgk`

Ir. \ass tfrkmtkbk` tfk Nmphtac Zachnk whtf tfk whtf`rmwmc a suppart ear pkb`hbg pmy rmhsksmb` rkthrkikbt rkeari ubckss tfk Nmphtac Zachnk whtf`rkw ta m supparthbg rack.

Ir. \ass stmtk` tfmt fk hb ba wmy mttkiptk` ta hipk`k tfk hbvksthgmthab, lut wms

nabnkrbk` mlaut tfk rhgfts a Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks, tfk bkk` ear m praeksshabmc mu`ht

ly [.^. Zastmc Hbspkntars mb` tfk quksthab a rkcmthabsfhp lktwkkb tfk Nmphtac Zachnk mb` tfk

@kpmrtikbt a Ousthnk.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk =>

H Pfk Naiihttkk ab Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab Pmsd Earnk Hbvksthgmthab

M. Fausk \ksacuthabs

F.\ks. >0:, màptk` ly tfk Fausk ae \kprkskbtmthvks ab Eklrumry ; =88<, = `hrkntk`

tfk Naiihttkk ab Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab ta nabùnt m tfaraugf hbvksthgmthab ae tfk apkrmthabs

mb` imbmgkikbt ae tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk, mb` ta rkpart tfk ehb`hbgs mb` rknaiikb`mthabs

lmnd ta tfk Fausk ba cmtkr tfmb Imy >:, =88<. <

Pfk Fausk lrhkecy nabsh`krk` tfk stmtus ae tfk Pmsd Earnk ab Mprhc 8, =88<,> mb`

rkquhrk` Pmsd Earnk Nfmhrimb Nfmrchk \ask mb` Uhnk Nfmhrimb Zmt \alkrts ta rkspab` ta

tfk Fausk mlaut rkparts tfmt tfk @kianrmthn stmee wms mttkipthbg prkvkbt nkrtmhb hbtkrvhkws

erai gahbg earwmr` ly nfmbghbg tfk cands ab m raai snfkùck` ta lk usk` ly tfk PmsdE a r n k ~

Ab Imy =0, =88<, \kp. Lal Wmcdkr aeekrk` m prhvhckgk` rksacuthab metkr tfk ^pkmdkr

cmh` lkeark tfk Fausk naiiubhnmthabs erai tfk Nckrd ae tfk Fausk mb` twa Ikilkrs, \kp.

Musthb O. Iurpfy mb` \kp. Oak Dactkr, nabnkrbhbg sulpakbms hssuk` ly tfk @kpmrtikbt ae

Ousthnk mb` rkcmtk` ta tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk. ; \kp. Iurpfy's ckttkr ta tfk ^pkmdkr wms

`mtk` Imy 6, \kp. Dactkr's ckttkr wms `mtk` Imy =<, mb` tfk Nckrd's ckttkr wms `mtk` Imy

=0, =88<. F.\ks. 0;5 `hrkntk` tfk ^pkmdkr ta?

praùnk tfk naurt ar`krs `kmchbg whtf tfk nrhihbmc hbvksthgmthab ae tfk FauskZast Aeehnk mb` tfmt tfk ^pkmdkr kxpcmhb wfmt `kcmyk` tfk thikcy nabsh`krmthab

ae smh` naurt ar`krs.

@urhbg tfk `klmtk avkr F.\ks. 0;5 tfk ^pkmdkr cmh` lkeark tfk Fausk twa m``hthabmc

naiiubhnmthabs nabnkrbhbg sulpakbms hssuk` ly tfk @kpmrtikbt ae Ousthnk ( @AO ).

= Kx. = F.\ks. >0:.

< Kx. <, N\ Eklrumry ; =88<. Pfk rkparthbg `mtk wms cmtkr kxtkb`k` ta Oucy 5, =88<, ly ubmbhiaus

nabskbt.

> K x > F.\ks. 0>:.

0 Kx. 0 N\ Mprhc 8 =88<.

K x ; F.\ks. 0;5.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk =0

^krgkmbt mt Mris Wkrbkr Lrmb`t s ckttkr wms `mtk` Imy =0 mb` \kp. @mb \astkbdawsdh s

ckttkr wms ub`mtk`.

\kp. Wmcdkr smh` fk aeekrk` tfk prhvhckgk` rksacuthab lknmusk ba \kpulchnmb Ikilkr

wms bathehk` ae tfk sulpakbms, mb` bkgathmthabs wkrk abgahbg lktwkkb tfk @AO mb` tfk@kianrmt ckm`krsfhp whtfaut \kpulchnmb hbvacvkikbt.

\kpulchnmb Ckm`kr Lal Ihnfkc mb` \kp. Lhcc Pfaims wkrk kspknhmccy nabnkrbk` avkr

tfk `kcmy ly tfk ^pkmdkr hb cmyhbg tfk sulpakbms lkeark tfk Fausk, lknmusk mt tfmt thik tfk

\kpulchnmb Ckm`kr mb` \kp. Pfaims wkrk naiiubhnmthbg whtf @AO nabnkrbhbg tfk

rkcmthabsfhp lktwkkb tfk @AH mb` tfk Pmsd Earnk, ubmwmrk ae tfk @AH sulpakbms hssuk` ta

twa Fausk Aeehnkrs mb` tfrkk Fausk Ikilkrs.

F.\ks. 0;5 wms mppravk` ly tfk Fausk ab m vatk ae ><0 ta > 5

Ab Imy <6, =88<, Nfmhrimb \ask mb` Uhnk Nfmhrimb \alkrts im`k mb armc rkpart

ab tfk ecaar ae tfk Fausk,7 lrhkecy suiimrhzhbg tfk Pmsd Earnk s mnthvhthks ta `mtk mbàltmhbhbg ubmbhiaus nabskbt tfmt tfk rkparthbg pkrha` ub`kr F.\ks. >0: lk kxtkb`k` ubthc

Oucy 5. Nfmhrimb \ask mb` Uhnk Nfmhrimb \alkrts kxpcmhbk` tfmt tfk Pmsd Earnk bkk̀ k` mb

kxtkbshab ae tfk rkparthbg pkrha` ta hbtkrvhkw skvkrmc iark whtbkssks.

L. Lhpmrthsmb Pmsd Earnk Hbvksthgmthab

Pmsd Earnk hs m `kpmrturk erai tfk barimc strunturk a nabgrksshabmc

hbvksthgmthabs hb tfrkk wmys? = kqumc builkrs a \kpulchnmbs mb` @kianrmts ·

< latf tfk Nfmhrimb mb` Uhnk Nfmhrimb fmvk hb`kpkb`kbt sulpakbm pawkr4

> m \kpulchnmb Ikilkr wms `kshgbmtk` ms Uhnk Nfmhrimb a tfk Pmsd Earnkmb` nabùntk` ikkthbgs a tfk Pmsd Earnk hb tfk mlskbnk a tfk Nfmhrimb.

Pfk Naiihttkk ab Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab fms ourhs`hnthab avkr tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk6

mb` fms mntk` hb tfk pmst ta rkargmbhzk mb` hbvksthgmtk tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk. F.\ks. >0:

`hrkntk` tfk Naiihttkk ta nabùnt m tfaraugf hbvksthgmthab ae tfk apkrmthabs mb`

imbmgkikbt ae tfk Aeehnk ae Zastimstkr, lut `h` bat grmbt tfk Naiihttkk mby m``hthabmc

mutfarhty. 8

5 Kx. 5, N\ Imy =0, =88<.

= Kx. 7, N\ Imy <6, =88<.

6 \ucks ae tfk Fausk ae \kprkskbtmthvks, \uck V(c)(d)(c<).

8 ^kk Kx. c F.\ks. >0:.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk =;

Hb mnnar`mbnk whtf F.\ks. >0:, aeekrk` ly @kianrmthn Ckm`kr \hnfmr` Gkpfmr`t ab

Eklrumry ;, =88< mb` màptk` ab m vatk a <;>-=5<, tfk Naiihttkk ab Fausk

Mìhbhstrmthab = nrkmtk` m Pmsd Earnk ta naipcktk tfk hbvksthgmthab. Ab Eklrumry <=,

=88<, tfk Pmsd Earnk fkc` mb argmbhzmthabmc ikkthbg mb` màptk` m ckttkra

mgrkkikbtlktwkkb Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab Nfmhrimb \ask mb` \kp. Lhcc Pfaims, \mbdhbg \kpulchnmb a

tfk Naiihttkk, ms hts apkrmthbg rucks. Naiihttkk Nfmhrimb \ask mppahbtk` fhiskce ms

tfk @kianrmthn Nfmhrimb a tfk Pmsd Earnk ta rkvhkw tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk. Pfk

\kpulchnmb Ikilkrs mppahbtk` ta tfk Pmsd Earnk wkrk \kp. Lhcc Pfaims (\mbdhbg

\kpulchnmb Ikilkr a tfk Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab Naiihttkk), \kp. Zmt \alkrts (mppahbtk`

Pmsd Earnk Uhnk Nfmhrimb ly \kp. Lhcc Pfaims), mb` \kp. Lhcc Lmrrktt. Pfk atfkr

@kianrmthn Ikilkrs mppahbtk` wkrk \kp. Mc ^whet mb` \kp. Imry \ask Amdmr. \kp.

Amdmr wms rkpcmnk` ly \kp. Gkrmc` @. Dcknzdm ab Mprhc 5, =88<.

Pfk hbvksthgmthab stmee wms naipask` cmrgkcya

hb`hvhùmcs mcrkm`y ab tfk \kpulchnmbmb` @kianrmthn stmees a tfk Naiihttkk ab Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab, ar hb`hvhùmcs wfa wkrk

mcrkm`y nabsuctmbts ta tfk Naiihttkk. Pfk nast a tfk hbvksthgmthab wms mlsarlk` ly tfk

Naiihttkk s lu`gkt. =<

Pfk apkrmthbg rucks a tfk Pmsd Earnk wkrk hbtkb`k` ta lk m ia`kc ear lhpmrthsmb

naapkrmthab. Pfk rucks mrk m `kpmrturk erai tfk barimc strunturk a nabgrksshabmc

hbvksthgmthabs hb tfrkk wmys? = kqumc builkrs a @kianrmts mb` \kpulchnmbs4 <) latf tfk

Nfmhrimb mb` Uhnk Nfmhrimb a tfk Pmsd Earnk fmvk tfk hb`kpkb`kbt pawkr ta hssuk

sulpakbms ear rknar`s mb` tksthiaby4 mb` > tfk Uhnk Nfmhrimb a tfk Pmsd Earnk hs ta lk

`kshgbmtk` ly tfk \mbdhbg \kpulchnmb Ikilkr mb` hs ta nabùnt ikkthbgsa

tfk Pmsd Earnkhb tfk mlskbnk a tfk Nfmhrimb.

Ab Imrnf 8, tfk Pmsd Earnk lkgmb hbtkrvhkwhbg whtbkssks mb` ùrhbg tfk naursk a

tfk hbvksthgmthab spadk whtf 5= whtbkssks, saik ab iark tfmb abk annmshab. Pfk Pmsd Earnk

sknurk` mb` rkvhkwk` fub`rk`s a pmgks a ànuikbts, imtkrhmcs mb` atfkr imttkr rkcmtk` ta

tfk apkrmthab a tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk mb` tfk kvkbts ckm`hbg up ta tfk màpthab a F.\ks

>0:.

Pmsd Earnk Nfmhrimb \ask mb` Uhnk Nfmhrimb \alkrts rkpartk` ta tfk Fausk ab

Imy <6 tfmt nabsh`krmlck ward fm` lkkb mnnaipchsfk` lut tfmt saik whtbkssks mb` imtkrhmcs

= Pmsd Earnk Argmbhz.mthaamc Ikkthbg, Eklrumry <5, =88<, Pmsd Earnk Prmbsnrhpt, p =-<.

Pmsd Earnk Argmbhz.mthaamc Ikkthbg, Eklrumry <5, =88<, Pmsd Earnk Prmbsnrhpt, p.=<. ^kk mcsa Kx. >;,

Pfaims ta \ask Ckttkr, Eklrumry =>, =88< mb` Kx. >5, \ask ta Pfaims Ckttkr, Eklrumry <=, =88<.

=< Kx. 6, Pmsd Earnk ^tmee Chst.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk =5

fm` bat ykt lkkb im`k mvmhcmlck ta tfk Pmsd Earnk. Mb kxtkbshab ae thik ta rkpart tfk

rknaiikb`mthabs mb` ehb`hbgs ae tfk Pmsd Earnk wms rkqukstk`. =>

N \kcmthabsfhp whtf tfk @kpmrtikbt ae Ousthnk

Pmsd Earnk naubskc naiiubhnmtk` whtf tfk @kpmrtikbt a Ousthnk mt tfk autskt

ta mttkipt ta kbsurk tfmt tfk Pmsd Earnk hbquhry `h` bat hbtkrekrk whtf tfk

nabnurrkbt nrhihbmc hbvksthgmthab.

=. ûiimry

Pfk Pmsd Earnk nabtmntk` tfk @kpmrtikbt ae Ousthnk ( @AO ) ta naar`hbmtk tfk Pmsd

Earnk hbvksthgmthab whtf tfk ab-gahbg nrhihbmc hbvksthgmthab, wfhnf fm` lkgub hb Imy, =88=.

Pfk Pmsd Earnk im`k ht nckmr tfmt hts aloknthvk wms bat ta ùpchnmtk tfk nrhihbmchbvksthgmthab, lut tfmt tfk Pmsd Earnk wms alchgk` ta hbtkrvhkw m builkr ae whtbkssks wfhnf

ihgft mcsa lk ae hbtkrkst ta @AO. Pfk Pmsd Earnk hiik`hmtkcy kbnaubtkrk` m skrhks ae

lmrrhkrs krkntk` ly tfk @AO mb` tfk aeehnk ae tfk [.^. Mttarbky ear tfk @hstrhnt ae Nacuilhm,

wfhnf wms nabùnthbg tfk nrhihbmc hbvksthgmthab. Hb rkspabsk ta tfk Pmsd Earnk's whcchbgbkss

ta naar`hbmtk hts mnthvhthks whtf @AO, `ktmhck` hb tfk Pmsd Earnk's Imrnf <; Hkttkr, 0 @AO

msdk` tfk Pmsd Earnk ta suspkb` hts mnthvhthks ear 8: `mys, =; m `mtk mppraxhimtkcy >: `mys

lkyab` tfk Pmsd Earnk's imb`mtk` rkparthbg `km`chbk.

Pfhs ehrst kxnfmbgk skt tfk tabk ear tfk rkcmthabsfhp lktwkkb tfk Pmsd Earnk mb` @AO,

whtf tfk @kpmrtikbt gkbkrmccy ubwhcchbg ta rknagbhzk m na-kqumc lrmbnf's rhgft ta nabùnt htsawb hbquhry ae hts awb pkrsabbkc. Ms cmtk ms tfk cmst wkkd hb Oubk, =88<, @AH mttkiptk` ta

prkvkbt tfk Nmphtac Zachnk erai turbhbg avkr ta tfk Pmsd Earnk Fausk ànuikbts altmhbk` ly

tfk Nmphtac Zachnk hb tfk naursk ae hts hbvksthgmthab.

Pfk `heehnucthks kbnaubtkrk` ms tfk rksuct ae tfk @AO' s ubwhcchbgbkss ta naapkrmtk whtf

tfk Pmsd Earnk ck` ta tfk Pmsd Earnk msdhbg ear mb kxtkbshab ta ehck tfk rkpart. Pfk @AO's

keearts mcsa lmrrk` tfk Pmsd Earnk's mnnkss ta nkrtmhb ànuikbts, mb` im`k saik dky

whtbkssks ubmvmhcmlck.

> ^kk Kx. 7, N\ Imy <6, =88<.

Kx. 8.

; Kx. =: Atfkr narrkspab`kbnk lktwkkb tfk Pmsd Earnk mb` Fausk ckm`krsfhp, mb` @AH hs `hsnussk`

lkcaw mb` hs hbncu`k` hb tfk Mppkb`hx.



<. @hsnusshab

Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk =7

Pfk Pmsd Earnk hbhthmccy eanusk` ab ·mvah`hbg hbtkrekrkbnk whtf abgahbg keearts ly tfk

@AO ta hbvksthgmtk mcckgk` nrhihbmc wrabg àhbg. Pfk Pmsd Earnk fm` `knh`k` ta `kcmy

hbtkrvhkws whtf whtbkssks wfa fm` mppkmrk` lkeark tfk Grmb` Oury ubthc mb mrrmbgkikbt whtf

tfk @AO nauc` lk rkmnfk`. Mt tfk `hrknthab a Ikilkrs, Pmsd Earnk naubskc ikt whtf

rkprkskbtmthvks a tfk @AO mb` prapask` tfmt tfk Pmsd Earnk pravh`k m chst a patkbthmc

whtbkssks ta tfk @AO mb` ear @AO ta naiikbt ab wfktfkr Pmsd Earnk hbtkrvhkws a tfask

whtbkssks wauc` `hsrupt tfk @AO hbvksthgmthab.

Pfk Pmsd Earnk stmee mcsa hb`hnmtk` tfmt tfk Pmsd Earnk wauc` nabsh`kr mby @AO

mctkrbmthvk ta tfhs prapasmc ear latf hbvksthgmthabs ta prankk` whtfaut hbtkrekrkbnk. @AO

hb`hnmtk` tfmt ht wauc` nabsh`kr tfhs prapasmc mb`, pkb`hbg m earimc rkspabsk erai @AO, tfk

Pmsd Earnk hbtkrvhkwk` abcy pkrsabs wfa fm` bat mppkmrk` lkeark tfk Grmb` Oury. Ab

Imrnf =5, Pmsd Earnk stmee rkhtkrmtk` hts kmrchkr prapasmc mb` rkqukstk` m rkspabsk erai

@AO.

\kpkmtk` hbquhrhks pravh`k` bkhtfkr m rkspabsk erai @AO ta tfk hbhthmc prapasmc, bar

mb mctkrbmthvk @AO prapasmc. Ab Imrnf <;, =88<, tfk Pmsd Earnk rkstmtk` hts prapasmcs. lut

stmtk` tfmt tfk Pmsd Earnk nauc` ba cabgkr `kekr hbtkrvhkws. Ab Imrnf <7, =88<, tfk @AO

rkspab`k`, Wfhck wk mpprknhmtk tfk skbshthvhty a tfk Pmsd Earnk ta kbsurhbg tfmt hts mnthabs

bat prkou`hnk tfk nrhihbmc hbvksthgmthab, wk iust rkspknteuccy rkgukst tfmt tfk Pmsd Earnk

fac` hb mlkymbnk hbtkrvhkws a mby hb`hvhùmcs nabnkrbhbg tfhs imttkr ear mt =kmst 8: `mys mb`

tfmt mt tfk kb` a tfmt pkrha` tfk Pmsd Earnk `hsnuss whtf tfk @kpmrtikbt wfktfkr Pmsd

Earnk hbtkrvhkws mt tfmt thik ihgft prkou`hnk tfk nrhihbmc hbvksthgmthab (kipfmshs m``k`). =5

Pfk Pmsd Earnk `ktkrihbk` tfmt ht wauc` lk ubmlck ta ikkt tfk Imy >:, =88<,

rkparthbg `mtk hb F. \ks. >0: h tfk Pmsd Earnk naipchk` whtf tfk @AO rkqukst.

Ab Mprhc <, =88<, tfk Fausk sa hbearik` tfk @AO ly ckttkr shgbk` ly tfk ^pkmdkr a

tfk Fausk, tfk \kpulchnmb Ckm`kr a tfk Fausk, mb` tfk Nfmhrimb mb` \mbdhbg \kpulchnmb

Ikilkr a tfk Naiihttkk ab Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab. =7 Pfk ckttkr kxprkssk` latf tfk

hbtkbthab a tfk Fausk ta prankk` whtf hts hbvksthgmthab mb` tfk lkchke tfmt ht nauc` à sa

whtfaut hbtkrekrhbg whtf tfk @AO nrhihbmc hbvksthgmthab. Pfk ckttkr mcsa hb`hnmtk` tfmt tfk

Fausk wauc` nabthbuk ta naiiubhnmtk whtf @AO ta mvah` ubbknkssmry nabechnts.

Pfk Pmsd Earnk nmcck` skvkrmc whtbkssks wfa wkrk kipcaykks a tfk [.^. Zastmc

Hbspknthab ^krvhnk ar tfk [.^. Nmphtac Zachnk. Pfksk whtbkssks `knchbk` ta lk hbtkrvhkwk`

5 Kx. =:

=7 Kx. =<, Eacky, Ihnfkc, \ask, Pfaims ta @AO ckttkr a Mprhc <, =88<.



Pmsd Earnk \kpartZmgk =6

lknmusk ae tfkhr stmtus ub`kr \uck 5(k) ae tfk Ek`krmc \ucks ae Nrhihbmc Zrankùrk. =6 Pfk

Pmsd Earnk rkspkntk` @AO s nabnkrbs mb` whtf`rkw hts rkquksts ear tfk hbtkrvhkws. b m @AO

ckttkr `mtk` Mprhc <0, =88<, @AO mttrhlutk` tfk iathvk ae mttkipthbg • ... ta ckmrb tfk eruhts ae

mb abgahbg nrhihbmc hbvksthgmthab... ta Pmsd Earnk keearts ta rkqukst tfk hbtkrvhkws. =8

Fawkvkr, shbnk @AO wauc` bat pravh`k tfk Pmsd Earnk whtf mby hbearimthab rkgmr`hbg

wfhnf Ek`krmc kipcaykks wkrk \uck 5(k) hbvksthgmtars mb` wfhnf wkrk bat, tfk Pmsd Earnk

fm` ba nfahnk lut ta nmcc whtbkssks mb` tfkb lk rkeusk` lknmusk ae tfk whtbkssks' 5(k) stmtus.

Pfk Pmsd Earnk ckmrbk` ae hbstmbnks wfkrk tfk `kshgbmtk` 5(k) hbvksthgmtars saugft

ànuikbts mb` hbearimthab erai Fausk kipcaykks hb m imbbkr hbnabshstkbt whtf Fausk \uck

;:. Pfk Pmsd Earnk prapask` m prankùrk wfkrk tfk 5(k) hbvksthgmtars nauc` altmhb

hbearimthab whtfaut earkncashbg tfk appartubhty ear Fausk kipcaykks ta naipcy whtf Fausk

rucks. Pfk suggkstk` prankùrk wms hgbark` ly tfk 5(k) hbvksthgmtars mb`, hb tfk @AO ckttkrae Mprhc <0, tfk @AO mgmhb ihsnabstruk` tfk Pmsd Earnk prapasmc ms mb mttkipt ta hbtkrekrk

whtf tfk nrhihbmc hbvksthgmthab.

Pfk Pmsd Earnk hbtkrvhkwk` m Nmphtac Zachnk aeehnkr wfa wms bat miabg tfk

hbvksthgmtars navkrk` ly \uck 5(k) mb` wfa wms bat `hrkntcy hbvacvk` hb tfk Nmphtac Zachnk

hbvksthgmthab. Pfk @kputy Msshstmbt Mttarbky Gkbkrmc ear Ckghscmthvk Meemhrs armccy nabvkyk`

@AO nabnkrbs ta tfk Pmsd Earnk naubskc. Pmsd Earnk naubskc spadk whtf [.^. Mttarbky Omy

L ^tkpfkbs. Pfk Pmsd Earnk `kcmyk` tfk hbtkrvhkw ae tfk Nmphtac Zachnk aeehnkr ear avkr

twa faurs ta mnnaiia`mtk tfk `hsnusshabs.

Wfkb tfk Pmsd Earnk `knh`k` ta prankk` whtf tfk hbtkrvhkwae

tfk aeehnkr, tfk @AOcmtkr nhtk` tfk hbtkrvhkw ms m Pmsd Earnk mttkipt ta ckmrb tfk eruhts ae mb abgahbg nrhihbmc

hbvksthgmthab. Hb m``hthab, @AO spknhehnmccy rkqukstk` tfmt tfk Pmsd Earnk bat hbtkrvhkw mby

cmw kbearnkikbt aeehnkrs wfa imy fmvk fm` dbawck`gk ae tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk

hbvksthgmthab. @AO stmtk` tfmt ht wms ubwhcchbg ta kvkb `hsnuss tfk mppraprhmtkbkss ae sunf

hbtkrvhkws ubthc metkr @AO fm` nabncu`k` hts prasknuthabs.

@AO wratk ta tfk ^pkmdkr, tfk \kpulchnmb Ckm`kr, tfk Nfmhrimb mb` \mbdhbg

\kpulchnmb ab tfk Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab Naiihttkk?

.. wk msd tfmt yau turb avkr ta tfhs Aeehnk, ms saab ms passhlck, mby

ànuikbtmry ar atfkr kvh`kbnk nacckntk` ly yaur stmee tfmt imy lk rkckvmbt ta

mby passhlck nrhihbmc mnthvhty mssanhmtk` whtf tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk.

6 \uck 5(k) rkekrs ta tfk Ek`krmc \ucks ae Nrhihbmc Zrankùrk, \uck 5? Grmb` Oury ^knrkny mb` hs

gkbkrmccy mb mgrkkikbt ly gavkrbikbt pkrsabbkc msshsthbg tfk [.^. Mttarbky t dkkp nabeh`kbthmc mby

hbearimthab ckmrbk` hb tfk naursk ae tfk Grmb` Oury hbvksthgmthab.

=8 Kx. =>, @AO ta Pmsd Earnk Ckttkr ae Mprhc <0, =88<.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 8

Mttarbkys erai tfhs Aeehnk whcc nabtmnt yaur stmee hb tfk bkmr euturk ta mrrmbgk

m thik ta `hsnuss tfk ar`krcy trmbsekr ae mby sunf hbearimthab ar ànuikbts.

Wk mrk nabeh`kbt tfmt yaur stmee ub`krstmb`s tfk hipartmbnk ae hts

rkspabshlhchty ta `hsncask ta cmw kbearnkikbt mby kvh`kbnk ae nrhihbmcmnthvhty.

Pfk Pmsd Earnk nabsh`krs tfhs stmtkikbt ta lk mb keeart ta ub`krihbk tfk

Nabsthtuthabmc skpmrmthab ae pawkrs àntrhbk. Ly suggksthbg tfmt nabgrksshabmc mh`ks fmvk m

rkspabshlhchty atfkr tfmb ta tfk Nabgrkss, ar imy rkpart hbearimthab erai m nabgrksshabmc

hbvksthgmthab ta mbatfkr lrmbnf ae tfk Ek`krmc gavkrbikbt whtfaut ehrst lkhbg sa `hrkntk` ly

tfk Nabgrkss, tfk @AO mppkmrs ta lk kbgmghbg hb mb keeart ta hipkrihsshlcy kxtkb` tfk rack

ae tfk Kxknuthvk hb m imbbkr wfhnf hiphbgks `hrkntcy upab tfk Nabsthtuthabmc rack ae m

skpmrmtk mb` kqumc lrmbnf ae gavkrbikbt. Babktfkckss, tfk Pmsd Earnk wms mlck ta pravh`knkrtmhb hbearimthab rkgmr`hbg stmip naubtkr sfartmgks tfmt ihgft lk fkcpeuc ta tfk @AO

hbvksthgmthab.

Mt tfhs smik thik, tfk Pmsd Earnk fm` ckmrbk` ae m bkw sfartmgk hb tfk Fausk Zast

Aeehnk mnnaubtmlhchty whtf passhlck nrhihbmc hipchnmthabs. Hbearimthab ae tfhs bkw sfartmgk

wms rkcmyk` ta @AO tfk smik `my ht wms altmhbk` ly tfk Pmsd Earnk. Pfhs bkw sfartmgk wms

rkcmtk` ta tfk usk ae Ikilkr vaunfkrs ta purnfmsk stmips hb tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk.<:

Pfk Pmsd Earnk snfkùck` mb hbtkrvhkw whtf Omiks îhtf, Msshstmbt Zastimstkr ear

Mnnaubtmlhchty, ear tfk metkrbaab ae Imy 0, =88<. Pfhs wms tfk sknab` thik Ir. îhtf wms

ta spkmd whtf tfk Pmsd Earnk. Pfraugf fhs mttarbky, Ir. îhtf stmtk` tfmt fk wms mcsanaapkrmthbg whtf tfk @AO mb` tfmt tfk @AO wms nabsh`krhbg m grmbt ae hiiubhty hb kxnfmbgk

ear fhs tksthiaby. Ckss tfmt abk faur lkeark Ir. îhtf 's hbtkrvhkw, tfk Msshstmbt [.^.

Mttarbky nmcck` Pmsd Earnk naubskc mb` rkqukstk` tfmt tfk Pmsd Earnk nmbnkc tfk hbtkrvhkw.

@urhbg tfk metkrbaab, Pmsd Earnk naubskc ckmrbk` tfmt skbhar [.^. Mttarbky stmee fm`

tfrkmtkbk` ta whtf`rmw hts aeekr ae hiiubhty he Ir. îhtf mppkmrk` lkeark tfk Pmsd Earnk.

Mctfaugf Ir. îhtf wms prkskbt mb` rkm`y ear tfk hbtkrvhkw, tfk Pmsd Earnk mgrkk` ta

pastpabk tfk hbtkrvhkw, pkb`hbg m wrhttkb kxpcmbmthab erai tfk @AO.

Ab Imy 0, =88<, @AO wratk ta tfk Pmsd Earnk tfmt Ir. îhtf wauc` sfartcy mppkmr

lkeark tfk Grmb` Oury, mb` tfmt m Pmsd Earnk hbtkrvhkw wauc` lk `hsrupthvk ae tfmthbvksthgmthab. @AO rkqukstk` tfmt tfk Pmsd Earnk earlkmr nabùnthbg tfk hbtkrvhkw ear m

pkrha` bat ta kxnkk` > `mys. <

O 2 Kx. ;<, Pmsd Earnk Naubskc ta @AO Ckttkr, Mprhc <0, =88<.

< Kx. =0, @AO Ckttkr ta Pmsd Earnk, Imy 0, =88<.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk <:

Ab Imy 7, =88<, Pmsd Earnk stmee wratk ta tfk @AO mb` stmtk` wfkb, mb` ub`kr wfmt

nhrnuistmbnks. hbearimthab altmhbk` ly tfk Pmsd Earnk ihgft lk im`k mvmhcmlck ta tfk @AO.

Pfk Pmsd Earnk mgmhb kxprkssk` m whcchbgbkss ta nabthbuk ta naapkrmtk wfkrk kvkr

passhlck. <<

Ab Imy =<, \kpulchnmb Ckm`kr Lal Ihnfkc mb` Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab \mbdhbg

\kpulchnmb Lhcc Pfaims aeekrk` ta nurtmhc eurtfkr Pmsd Earnk prankk`hbgs ubthc Oubk =;, mt

wfhnf thik tfk Pmsd Earnk wauc` prankk` ta tfk naipckthab ae tfk hbvksthgmthab ubhipk`k`

ly tfk @AO. > Pfk Oubk =; `mtk wms hb kxnkss ae tfk >: `my `kcmy @AO fm` rkqukstk` ab

Imy 0, =88<.

Pfk @AO rkokntk` tfhs aeekr ab Imy <<, =88<, mb` wratk tfmt he tfk Pmsd Earnk

...nauc` bat earlkmr pursuhbg hts awb hbquhry metkr Oubk =;, `ksphtk tfk pkb`kbny ae tfk

nrhihbmc hbvksthgmthab, wk wauc` mpprknhmtk mb appartubhty ta ikkt whtf Pmsd Earnk

naubskc. .. mb` abnk mgmhb mttkipt ta kstmlchsf prankùrks mb` m``rkss spknhehn hbvksthgmthvk

nabnkrbs hb ar`kr ta ihbhihzk tfk rhsd tfmt tfk Pmsd Earnk's ward wauc` `hsrupt tfk nrhihbmc

hbvksthgmthab. <0 Eaccawhbg tfk @AO rkoknthab ae tfk hbhthmthvk prapask` ly \kpulchnmb

Ckm`kr Ihnfkc mb` \mbdhbg \kpulchnmb Ikilkr Pfaims, tfk Pmsd Earnk prankk`k` whtf

hbtkrvhkws ae snfkùck` whtbkssks, hbncu`hbg tfask ta wfhnf @AO fm` alokntk`.

Ab Oubk c =88<, @AO wratk ta ncmrhey nkrtmhb rkprkskbtmthabs im`k ta tfk Pmsd

Earnk, bathbg tfmt tfk hiiubhty `hsnusshabs whtf tfk praspknthvk whtbkss, Omiks îhtf, wkrk

bat nabncu`k`. <; Wfkb Pmsd Earnk naubskc ikt whtf @AO ab Oubk ;, =88<, @AO rkqukstk`

tfmt tfk Pmsd Earnk nabsh`kr chihthbg tfk typks ae quksthabs msdk` ae whtbkssks, sa ms ta mvah`

nabechnt whtf tfk @AO nrhihbmc hbvksthgmthab.

Ab Oubk 0, =88<, @AO rkspab`k` ta tfk Pmsd Earnk ckttkr ae Imy 7, =88<. 5 @AO

suggkstk` tfmt tfk Pmsd Earnk wms kbgmghbg hb mnthvhthks wfhnf kxnkk`k` hts mutfarhty ub`kr

F.\ks. >0:. Pfk @AO spknhehnmccy alokntk` ta m Pmsd Earnk hbtkrvhkw ae m Fausk kipcaykk

ab tfk [.^. Nmphtac Zachnk earnk mb` rkstmtk` hts hbtkrprktmthab ae nkrtmhb mnthabs ly Pmsd

Earnk naubskc, kbthrkcy `hsrkgmr`hbg tfk alchgmthabs ae Fausk kipcaykks ub`kr Fausk \ucks.

Pfk Pmsd Earnk keearts ta altmhb nrunhmc tksthiaby ikt whtf Ehetf Mikbìkbt

aloknthabs erai Zastimstkr \atm, Nfhke ae ^tmee Oambbm A'\aurdk, mb` Msshstmbt Zastimstkr

<< Kx. =;, Pmsd Earnk ta @AO Ckttkr, Imy 7, =88<.

=> Kx. =5, Ihnfkc/Pfaims ta @AO Ckttkr, Imy =<, =88<.

Kx. =7, @AO ta Ihnfkc/Pfaims Ckttkr, Imy <<, =88<.

?1 ̂ Kx. =6, @AO ta Pmsd Earnk Ckttkr, Oubk = =88<.

<5 Kx. =8, @AO ta Pmsd Earnk Ckttkr, Oubk =8, =88<.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk <=

ear Mnnaubtmlhchty Omiks îhtf. Hb mb keeart ta avkrnaik tfk aloknthabs,, \kpulchnmb Pmsd

Earnk Ikilkrs saugft ta grmbt Oambbm A'\aurdk usk hiiubhty ear fkr tksthiaby. Pfk

Naiihttkk bathehk` tfk @AO ab Oubk =7, =88<,<7ae hts hbtkbthab ta skkd hiiubhty ear Irs.

A'\aurdk ub`kr tfk pravhshabs ae =6 [.^.N. § 5::;.<6

Pfk grmbt ae usk hiiubhty wauc` fmvk sthcc pkrihttk` @AO ta prasknutk Oambbm

A'\aurdk, ms cabg ms ba kvh`kbnk lmsk` ab stmtkikbts im`k ta tfk Pmsd Earnk wms usk` hb

tfk prasknuthab. Pfk @AO prasknutars stmtk` tfmt tfky ub`krstaa` tfk bknksshty ae tfk Pmsd

Earnks ta spkmd whtf Irs. A'\aurdk mb` hb`hnmtk` tfmt tfk hiiubhty grmbt wauc` bat nrkmtk

m pralcki ear tfk prasknuthab. Ab Oubk <;, =88<, fawkvkr, tfk Naiihttkk ab Fausk

Mìhbhstrmthab ikt hb apkb sksshab mb`, ly m pmrty-chbk vatk ae 0 myks ta =< bmys ,

rkokntk` tfk \kpulchnmb rksacuthab ta skkd m naurt ar`kr ub`kr tfk hiiubhty stmtutk.

Ab Oubk >:, @AO alokntk` ta tfk Imy =< Pmsd Earnk rkqukst ta ^krgkmbt mt Mris

Wkrbkr Lrmb`t ear hbearimthab mb` Fausk ànuikbts hb tfk passksshab ae tfk Nmphtac

Zachnk. <8 Pfk @AO hb`hnmtk` tfmt pmrts ae tfk rkqukst nmcc ear skbshthvk mb` nabeh`kbthmc

cmw kbearnkikbt hbearimthab `hrkntcy rkckvmbt ta tfk abgahbg nrhihbmc hbvksthgmthab. Pfk

@AO msdk` tfk Pmsd Earnk ta whtf`rmw hts rkqukst. Pfk Pmsd Earnk nabsh`krk` mb` `knchbk`

tfk @AO's rkqukst lknmusk tfk hbearimthab mb` ànuikbts wkrk latf bknkssmry ta naipcktk

tfk hbvksthgmthab ae tfk apkrmthabs mb` imbmgkikbt ae tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk pursumbt ta

F.\ks. >0:. Pfask ànuikbts, ehrst rkqukstk` ab Imy =<, wkrk rknkhvk` ly tfk Pmsd Earnk

ab Oucy = mb` <.

Ab Oucy <, tfk Pmsd Earnk rkhbtkrvhkwk` tfk Nmphtac Zachnk aeehnkr ta wfask kmrchkr

hbtkrvhkw @AO fm̀ alokntk`. Pfk aeehnkr stmtk` tfmt fk wms ub`kr prkssurk erai skbhar @AO

aeehnhmcs bat ta tksthey mt mcc lkeark tfk Pmsd Earnk. Pfk Pmsd Earnk nabsh`krs sunf prkssurk

ta lk mb hipkrihsshlck @AO keeart ta alstrunt m nabgrksshabmc hbvksthgmthab.

Pfraugfaut tfk hbvksthgmthab, tfk Pmsd Earnk fms mntk` ta kbsurk tfmt hts keearts `h`

bat naipraihsk tfk nrhihbmc hbvksthgmthab nabùntk` ly @AO mb` tfk Grmb` Oury. Pfk Pmsd

Earnk whtf`rkw hts keearts ta hbtkrvhkw nkrtmhb cmw kbearnkikbt aeehnhmcs, rkspkntk` @AO's

rkqukst bat ta hbtkrvhkw m skbhar Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykk, bathehk` @AO ae hts hbtkbthab ta

skkd hiiubhty ear mbatfkr skbhar Fausk Zast Aeehnk aeehnhmc, mb` pkrihttk` abcy stmee wfa

fm` shgbk` nabeh`kbthmchty mgrkkikbts ta fmb`ck rknar`s.

Ly `kekrkbnk ta tfk @AO aloknthabs nabnkrbhbg nkrtmhb hbtkrvhkws, tfk Pmsd Earnk hs

apkb ta mnnusmthabs ae mb hbnaipcktk mb` hbnabncushvk hbvksthgmthab4 ly prankk`hbg ta

<7 Kx. <:, Pmsd Earnk ta [.^. Mttarbky Gkbkrmc Whcchmi Z. Lmrr Ckttkr, Oubk =7 =88<.

4 s Kx. <=<8 Kx. <<, AH ta Pmsd Earnk Ckttkr, Oubk >:, =88<.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk <<

hbtkrvhkw atfkr whtbkssks bknkssmry ta naipcktk tfk hbvksthgmthab, tfk Pmsd Earnk hs apkb ta

mcckgmthabs a hbtkrekrhbg whtf mb Kxknuthvk lrmbnf hbvksthgmthab.

Mlskbt tfk prankk`hbgs lkeark tfk Grmb` Oury, tfk Pmsd Earnk lkchkvks tfmt ht wauc`

fmvk lkkb mlck ta nabùnt m iark tfaraugf hbvksthgmthab mb` tfmt ht wauc` fmvk rkmnfk`

nabncushabs whtf m grkmtkr `kgrkk a nkrtmhbty. Fawkvkr, `ksphtk tfk naipchnmthabs mrhshbg

erai @AO mb` tfk Grmb` Oury, sueehnhkbt hbearimthab fms lkkb gmtfkrk` ta imdk shgbhehnmbt

`ktkrihbmthabs ms ta tfk kxtkbt a tfk imbmgkrhmc `kehnhkbnhks mt tfk Zast Aeehnk.

@. [bmvmhcmlck Whtbkssks.

fk ubmvmhcmlhchty a shgbhehnmbt whtbkssks hbncu`hbg tfk Zastimstkr tfk Nfhke

a ^tmee. mb` tfk Msshstmbt Zastimstkr ar Mnnaubtmlhchty skvkrkcy hipk`k` tfk

naipckthab a m tfaraugf hbvksthgmthab a imbmgkikbt mb` apkrmthabs mb`rksacuthab a skrhaus mcckgmthabs a hiprapkr nabùnt hb tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk.

Pfk Pmsd Earnk nabùntk` hbtkrvhkws a 5= prkskbt mb` earikr Fausk kipcaykks mb`

atfkrs hbvacvk` hb tfk apkrmthabs mb` imbmgkikbt a tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk. Nkrtmhb dky

whtbkssks, fawkvkr, wkrk bat hbtkrvhkwk` ly tfk Pmsd Earnk lknmusk a tfkhr stmtus ms

suloknts ar whtbkssks hb tfk nrhihbmc hbvksthgmthab.

^kvkrmc Nmphtac Zachnk aeehnkrs wfa wkrk rkspabshlck ear tfk hbhthmc hbvksthgmthab a tfk

Fausk Zast Aeehnk hb tfk suiikr a =88= cmtkr lknmik hbvksthgmtars ear tfk Grmb` Oury.

Pfksk aeehnkrs wkrk tfkb laub` ly Grmb` Oury sknrkny mgrkkikbts, wfhnf prkncu`k` tfk Pmsd

Earnk erai tmcdhbg ta tfk vkry Nmphtac Zachnk aeehnkrs wfa dbkw tfk iast mlaut tfk hbhthmcrkspabsk a tfk Aeehnk a tfk Zastimstkr ta tfk kilkzzckikbt mb` `rug mcckgmthabs.

Pwa [.^. Zastmc Hbspkntars, Oafb K. Kc`kr mb` Zmtrhnhm M. Mnfhiavhn, wkrk mcsa

laub` ly Grmb` Oury sknrkny mgrkkikbts. Hbspkntar Kc`kr, tfk [.^. Zastmc Hbspknthab

^krvhnk ( [^ZH^ ) nabtmnt whtf tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk ear tfk pmst skvkrmc ykmrs, wauc` fmvk

lkkb mlck ta tksthey mlaut pmst Zast Aeehnk prmnthnks. Mctfaugf Oafb Kc`kr mb` Zmtrhnhm

Mnfhiavhn imy lk mvmhcmlck ta tksthey mt tfk nabncushab a @AO prasknuthabs, tfkhr tksthiaby

wms ubmvmhcmlck ta tfk Pmsd Earnk.>:

Oambbm A'\aurdk, Fausk Zast Aeehnk Nfhke a ^tmee, kxkrnhsk` fkr rhgft mgmhbst skce

hbnrhihbmthab mb` rkeusk` ta mbswkr mby quksthabs rkcmtk` ta fkr kipcayikbt mt tfk FauskZast Aeehnk. Buikraus whtbkssks h`kbthehk` fkr ms tfk pkrsab wfa rmb tfk Zast Aeehnk ab m

`my-ta-`my lmshs. ^fk mppmrkbtcy fms hbearimthab bat atfkrwhsk mvmhcmlck ta tfk Pmsd Earnk

rkgmr`hbg sunf imttkrs ms stmee, Fausk Zast Aeehnk rkargmbhzmthabs, avkrthik pmyikbts,

nfknd-nmsfhbg pachnhks, pkrsabbkc prmnthnks, mb` tfk Lrkbtwaa` Zast Aeehnk laxks.

\kpulchnmb Ikilkrs a tfk Pmsd Earnk aeekrk` m rksacuthab ta grmbt Oambbm A'\aurdk

>: Kx. == Mnfhiavhn ckttkr ta Pmsd Earnk mb` Pmsd Earnk \kspabsk.



• •eh

Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk <>

hiiubhty ub`kr =6 [.^.N. § 5::;, >= wfhnf wauc` fmvk pkrihttk` fkr ta tksthey lkeark tfk

Pmsd Earnk4 tfk rksacuthab wms `kekmtk` ly tfk Naiihttkk ab Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab ab Oubk

<;, =88<, ab m =< ta 0 pmrty-chbk vatk.

Mctfaugf tfk Pmsd Earnk fm` hbtkrvhkwk` Zastimstkr \alkrt \atm mb` Msshstmbt

Zastimstkr ear Mnnaubtmlhchty Omiks îhtf kmrcy hb tfk hbvksthgmthab, tfkhr mttarbkys cmtkr

stmtk` tfmt Zastimstkr \atm mb` Ir. îhtf wauc` msskrt tfkhr rhgft mgmhbst skce-hbnrhihbmthab

mb` rkeusk ta mbswkr quksthabs he nmcck` ta tksthey mgmhb.>< @aratfkm Bhdh \hskbfaavkr,

tfk earikr nfhke ae tfk Cabgwartf stmthab, mcsa msskrtk` fkr rhgft mgmhbst skce-hbnrhihbmthab

mb` rkeusk` ta mbswkr quksthabs ab nkrtmhb dky hssuks.

Pfk Pmsd Earnk `h` bat hbtkrvhkw tfk eaur stmip naubtkr nckrds wfa wkrk nfmrgk`

whtf kilkzzckikbt lknmusk tfky wkrk ub`kr hb`hntikbt mb` tfkrk wms chttck bkw hbearimthabta lk ckmrbk` wfhnf wms bat nabtmhbk` hb tfkhr =88= stmtkikbts ta tfk Nmphtac Zachnk mb` tfk

[^ZH^.

K. [bmutfarhzk` @hsncasurks ae Pmsd Earnk Hbearimthab

Pmsd Earnk st ee wkrk rkquhrk` ta shgb bab-`hsncasurk stmtkikbts. Bkws ik`hm

rkpabk` ab Pmsd Earnk mnthvhthks tfraugfaut hbvksthgmthab. Zasshlck saurnks ae

ik`hm hbearimthab hbncu`k` Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks Pmsd Earnk hbtkrvhkwkks

mb` hb`hvhùmcs mssanhmtk` whtf @AO hbvksthgmthab. Ms Pmsd Earnk lkgmb

`kchlkrmthabs avkr nabtkbts ae hbmc rkpab nkbmhb Ikilkrs `hsncask`hbearimthab b Pmsd Earnk `rmet rkparts b mttkipt ta hbecukbnk nabtkbt ae hbmc

rkpab.

Pfk Pmsd Earnk mgrkk` mt hts argmbhzmthabmc ikkthbg tfmt mcc hbearimthab ae tfk

hbvksthgmthab iust lk dkpt nabeh`kbthmc ubthc tfk Pmsd Earnk ehck` hts rkpart. Pawmr` tfhs kb`,

kmnf stmee ikilkr wms rkquhrk` ta mgrkk hb wrhthbg ta dkkp sunf hbearimthab nabeh`kbthmc.>>

Pfk hbvksthgmthab wms pcmguk` ly nabthbuaus ckmds ta tfk bkws ik`hm mb`

spknucmthab ly tfk ik`hm ab tfk mnthvhthks ae tfk Pmsd Earnk. Nfmrgks mb` naubtkr-nfmrgks

lknmik m `mhcy rauthbk, `ksphtk tfk emnt tfmt prkss rkvkcmthabs fm` hbhthmccy praiptk` tfk Pmsd

Earnk hbvksthgmthab. Hb`kk`, imby ae tfk bkws starhks wkrk tfk lmshs ae tfk quksthabs tfmtck` ta eurtfkr hbquhry.

Zravh`hbg ea``kr ear tfk bhbk-iabtf snmb`mc rkpartk` whtf grkmt erkqukbny hb tfk

prkss, imy fmvk lkkb hb`hvhùmcs erai miabgst? = tfk =5: Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks wfa wkrk

> ^kk Kx. <=. ^kk `hsnusshab, pp. <:-<=.

>< Kx. ;>, Nfmrcks ^. Ckkpkr ta Pmsd Earnk Ckttkr, Oucy c =88<.

>> Kx. >:. Pmsd Earnk ^tmee Bab-@hsncasurk Mgrkkikbt.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk <0

mwmrk a annurrkbnks hb tfk emnhchty4 <) tfk avkr 5: Pmsd Earnk whtbkssks mb` tfkhr vmrhaus

mttarbkys4 ar >) tfk ab-gahbg nrhihbmc hbvksthgmthab ly tfk @AO. @ksphtk tfksk vmrhaus

saurnks a hbearimthab, latf sh`ks mnnusk` tfk atfkr ms tfk saurnk a ckmds, kvkb tfaugf kmnf

Pmsd Earnk stmee ikilkr shgbk` m bab-`hsncasurk mgrkkikbt wfhnf prafhlhtk` stmee erai

imdhbg `hsncasurks a Pmsd Earnk hbearimthab ta mby pkrsab bat pmrt a tfk Pmsd Earnk

hbvksthgmthab.

b m``hthab ta ckmds ta tfk bkw ik`hm, ubmutfarhzk` `hsncasurks a Pmsd Earnk

hbearimthab rkgmr`hbg tfk nabtkbts a prkchihbmry `rmet rkparts wkrk usk` ly nkrtmhb

Ikilkrs a tfk Pmsd Earnk hb mb mttkipt ta prkssurk atfkr Ikilkrs a tfk Pmsd Earnk hbta

màpthbg m pashthab tfmt tfk Pmsd Earnk wauc` bat hbncu`k Ikilkrs' bmiks hb tfk Pmsd

Earnk rkpart.

Wfkb tfk Pmsd Earnk wms mppahbtk` mb` màptk` hts rucks, tfk stmee bab-`hsncasurk

mgrkkikbt wms màptk` whtf tfk ub`krstmb`hbg tfmt skcknthvk ckmds ta tfk bkws ik`hm nauc`

hbtkrekrk whtf tfk trust mb` nabeh`kbnk rkquhrk` a latf sh`ks ear m trucy lhpmrthsmb

hbvksthgmthab ta sunnkk`. Pfk Pmsd Earnk `h` bat hbncu`k Ikilkrs ub`kr tfk bab-̀ hsncasurk

mgrkkikbt mb` `h` bat earkskk tfmt saik Pmsd Earnk Ikilkrs wauc` tmdk prkchihbmry `rmet

rkpart hbearimthab autsh`k a tfk Pmsd Earnk mb` nrkmtk prkssurk ab atfkr Pmsd Earnk

Ikilkrs hb mb mttkipt ta hbecukbnk tfk nabtkbt a tfk ehbmc Pmsd Earnk rkpart.

E. @anuikbts

fk Pmsd Earnk rkvhkwk` kxtkbshvk ànuikbts mb` rknar`s erai tfk Fausk

Zast Aeehnk tfk Nmphtac Zachnk tfk [bhtk` ^tmtks Zastmc ^krvhnk tfk Aeehnk a

Ehbmbnk mb` tfk ^krgkmbt mt Mris.

Pfk Pmsd Earnk rkvhkwk` kxtkbshvk rknar`s rkcmthbg ta tfk apkrmthabs mb` imbmgkikbt

a tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk. Pfksk ànuikbts wkrk altmhbk` erai tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk whtf

tfk naapkrmthab a tfk Zast Aeehnk stmee, tfk Nmphtac Zachnk, [bhtk` ^tmtks Zastmc ^krvhnk

( [^Z^ ), tfk Aeehnk a Ehbmbnk, mb` tfk ^krgkmbt mt Mris. Imby ànuikbts, ehrst

rkqukstk` hb kmrcy Imy wkrk bat pravh`k` ta tfk Pmsd Earnk ubthc cmtk Oubk mb` kmrcy Oucy,

tfus chihthbg tfk rkvhkw mb` msskssikbt a tfmt hbearimthab hb tfk rkpart. Pfk cmtk mrrhvmc a

tfmt hbearimthab mcsa chihtk` tfk appartubhty ta caad eurtfkr hbta quksthabs tfmt mrask erai tfk

ànuikbts rknkhvk`.



HH @hsnusshab

Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk <;

\kspabshlhchty ear tfk `kihsk ae tfk Aeehnk ae Zastimstkr, wfhnf fms lkkb hb

kxhstkbnk ear avkr =5: ykmrs, rksts bat abcy ab Zast Aeehnk imbmgkikbt lut ab

m strunturk pkrpktumtk` ly tfk Fausk ae \kprkskbtmthvks wfhnf kipfmshzks

pmtrabmgk mb` pachthnmc emvar avkr tfk thikcy mb` keehnhkbt `kchvkry ae tfk imhc,·

m snfkik ae mvarhthsi mb` pmtrabmgk nabtrhlutk` ta tfk erustrmthab ae imby

nmpmlck Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks.

M. Pfk Aeehnk ae tfk Zastimstkr

Pfk Aeehnk ae tfk Zastimstkr hs bat p b ae tfk [.^. Zastmc ^krvhnk, lut wms

kstmlchsfk` ta skrvk Ikilkrs ae Nabgrkss. Fausk Zast Aeehnk apkrmthabs mrk

graupk` hb tfrkk eubnthabs? H imbmgkikbt, < stmip naubtkr apkrmthabs, mb`

> imhc smbhbg mb` `kchvkry.

Mb hbearimthab laadckt praùnk` ly tfkb Zastimstkr \atm stmtks?

WFMP H^ PF AEEHNK AE ZA^PIM^PK\1 Pfk Aeehnk ae Zastimstkr hs bat pmrt

ae tfk [bhtk` ^tmtks Zastmc ^krvhnk. Hbstkm`, tfk Aeehnk ae tfk Zastimstkr wms

kstmlchsfk` spknhehnmccy ta skrvk Ikilkrs ae Nabgrkss mb` tfkhr stmees mb` nmb,

tfkrkeark, pravh`k Ikilkrs whtf skrvhnks tfmt wauc` bat atfkrwhsk lk mvmhcmlck. >0

Pfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk wms argmbhzk` hbta tfrkk prhimry sknthabs? = tfk imbmgkikbtaeehnk stmeek` whtf =; pkapck4 <) tfk stmip naubtkr apkrmthabs stmeek` whtf => pkapck4 mb` >

imhc sarthbg mb` `kchvkry apkrmthabs, wfhnf kipcays =>< pkapck. Pfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk

mcsa pravh`ks m builkr ae bab-Zastmc skrvhnks ear tfk nabvkbhkbnk ae tfk Ikilkrs mb` stmee,

hbncu`hbg batmry, pmsspart mb` vhsm skrvhnk, Fausk Hbearimthab ^krvhnks naurhkr, mb` ^tmtk

@kpmrtikbt Pkckx skrvhnks.

Pfk Aeehnk ae Zastimstkr mb` tfk imhb stmip naubtkr mrk canmtk` hb tfk lmskikbt ae

tfk Cabgwartf Fausk Aeehnk luhc`hbg. Pfk cam`hbg ànd ear tfk Zast Aeehnk hs canmtk` hb

Cabgwartf aee ae N ^trkkt, ^.K. Pfk sarthbg mrkm, mòmnkbt ta tfk ànd mrkm, hbncu`ks m

prhimry ckttkr sart emnhchty, prhimry ecmt sart emnhchty, mb` abk V-rmy imnfhbk. Mcc nmsksarthbg ear tfk Cabgwartf mb` Nmbbab Fausk Aeehnk Luhc`hbgs tmdks pcmnk fkrk.

Hb =868, tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk mnquhrk` spmnk ear imhc raai apkrmthabs hb tfk G-=

ckvkc ae tfk \mylurb Luhc`hbg. Pfk kchihbmthab ae =< eucc-shzk pmrdhbg scats nrkmtk` <,5:7

squmrk ekkt ae aeehnk spmnk. Pfhs mrkm nabtmhbs abk V-rmy imnfhbk wfhnf apkrmtks prhimrhcy

>0 Kx. <>, Hbearimthab Laadckt, Aeehnk ae tfk Zastimstkr, p. c



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk <5

ùrhbg tfk kvkbhbg mb` kmrcy iarbhbg sfhets. Pfk mrkm mcsa fms ehvk ecmt prhimry sart stmthabs

mb` =: ckttkr prhimry sart stmthabs4 mcc nmsk sarthbg ear tfk \mylurb Luhc`hbg tmdks pcmnk fkrk.

Pfk \mylurb Luhc`hbg mcsa fms m eucc skrvhnk stmip naubtkr canmtk` ab tfk ehrst ecaar.

Fausk Mbbkx Hc fms twa nmsk sartkr nckrds, twa phnd-up nckrds, mb` twa naurhkrs, ms

wkcc ms m eucc skrvhnk stmip naubtkr. Pfkrk hs abk eucc skrvhnk stmip naubtkr canmtk` whtfhb

tfk Nmphtac.

=. Imbmgkikbt

Fausk Zast Aeehnk imbmgkikru wms iark mdhb ta m eku`mc systki tfmb m

ia`ki lushbkss · ba nabshstkru systki a avkrshgft mb` mnnaubtmlhchty

kxhstk` mt mby ckvkc a imbmgkikbt · wrhttkb apkrmthab pachnhks ar

nabshstkbt guh`kchbks `h` bat kxhst4 tfk mlskbnk a nckmr chbks a

mutfarhty mb` rkspabshlhchty nabtrhlutk` ta tfk erustrmthab a imby

nmpmlck Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks.

Hb`hvhùmcs kbtrustk` whtf tfk `my-ta-`my imbmgkikbt ae tfk Zast Aeehnk wkrk bat

`rmwb erai tfk rmbds ae kxpkrhkbnk` imhc systkis imbmgkrs. @kehnhkbnhks whtfhb tfk Fausk

Zast Aeehnk, wfhnf ihgft fmvk lkkb mppmrkbt ta kxpkrhkbnk` Zastmc pkrsabbkc, wkbt ubbathnk`

ar ubnarrkntk`. Pfk nabskqukbnk wms m Fausk Zast Aeehnk hb `hsmrrmy mb` ck` ta tfk

erustrmthab ae imby nmpmlck Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks.

Whtf m ekw kxnkpthabs, praeksshabmc kxpkrhkbnk whtf imhc systkis wms bat m

prkrkquhshtk ear Fausk Zast Aeehnk imbmgkikbt pashthabs, wfhnf wkrk ehcck` ly tfk

@kianrmthn Zmtrabmgk Naiihttkk. Hb m``hthab, tfkrk wms chttck whtfhb tfk kxhsthbg Fauskstrunturk ta kbnaurmgk keehnhkbny ar mnnaubtmlhchty. Fausk Zast Aeehnk imbmgkikbt `h` bat

fmvk tfk mutfarhty ta fhrk mb` ehrk kipcaykks ar ta skt kipcayikbt stmb`mr`s. Kipcaykks

fm` a oal sknurhty, mb` nauc` lk cmh` aee mt mby thik ta mnnaiia`mtk m bkw kipcaykk whtf

iark pachthnmc ncaut.

t mppkmrs tfmt Zastimstkr \atm imhbtmhbk` chttck rkspabshlhchty ear tfk `my-ta-`my

apkrmthabs ae tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk. Nfhke ae ^tmee Oambbm A \aurdk mppmrkbtcy rmb tfk `my

ta-`my apkrmthabs whtf @kputy Zastimstkr Bmbny Nacchbs sfmrhbg saik ae tfhs rkspabshlhchty.

Zastimstkr \atm nfkndk` hb whtf Oambbm A \aurdk ar Bmbny Nacchbs ùrhbg tfk `my, lut

spkbt iunf ae fhs thik aut ae tfk aeehnk.[b`kr m nabtrmnt whtf tfk [^Z^, Zastimstkr \atm wms rkspabshlck ear tfk Fausk Zast

Aeehnk stmip naubtkrs. Fk turbk` avkr tfk apkrmthabs ta Omiks îhtf, tfk Msshstmbt

Zastimstkr ear Mnnaubtmlhchty, mb` imhbtmhbk` a imbmgkikbt nabtracQar avkrshgft. Pfk

mlskbnk ae avkrshgft hb tfk imhc raai apkrmthabs pkrihttk` emcsk nkrthehnmthab ae avkrthik,

fhgf mlskbtkkhsi, caw praùnthvhty, mb` caw iarmck. Pfk cmnd ae avkrshgft ucthimtkcy

nabtrhlutk` ta m builkr ae nrhihbmc mnts mb` imoar kilmrrmssikbt ear tfk Fausk.



Pmsd Earnk \kpartZmgk <7

Pfkrk wms ba hbsthtuthabmc avkrshgft avkr tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk mb` tfk Aeehnk ae

Zastimstkr. Fkmtfkr Eacky, Nfhke ae ^tmee ta tfk ^pkmdkr, stmtk` hb fkr tksthiaby tfmt sfk

`h` bat nabsh`kr tfk Zastimstkr, mb kckntk` aeehnkr ae tfk Fausk, ta lk rkspabshlck ta tfk

^pkmdkr. Bkhtfkr tfk @kianrmthn Nmunus, wfhnf kckntk` fhi, bar tfk ^pkmdkr's aeehnk

kxkrnhsk` avkrshgft avkr tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk. t wms mppmrkbt erai Zastimstkr \atm's

stmtkikbts ta tfk Pmsd Earnk tfmt fk fm` ba nckmr h`km ta wfai fk wms rkspabshlck.

<. ^tmip Naubtkr Apkrmthabs

Ba mttkipt wms im`k ta nabeabb stmip naubtkr apkrmthabs ta [^Z^

\kgucmthabs4 emhcurk a avkrshgft mb` mnnaubtmlhchty pkrihttk` tfk tfk et

a Zastmc eub`s

Pfk Aeehnk ae Zastimstkr apkrmtk` ms mb uilrkccm ear ehvk skpmrmtk nabtrmnt stmthabs ae

tfk [bhtk` ^tmtks Zastmc ^krvhnk. Pfksk stmip naubtkrs, mt Cabgwartf, \mylurb, Nmbbab,tfk Nmphtac mb` Mbbkx HH, eubnthab ms abk naccknthvk kbthty ub`kr nabtrmnts shgbk` hb =860 ly

Zastimstkr \atm mb` Oafb Nanfrmb, tfk Zastimstkr ae Wmsfhbgtab, @ N >; Pfk

Zastimstkr's apkrmthab ae tfk stmip naubtkrs, fawkvkr, rmb nabtrmry ta [^Z^ pachny ear sunf

nabtrmnt stmthabs.

Abk imoar mrkm ae `kvhmthab wms tfk fmb`chbg ae pastmgk stmip mnnaubtmlhchty mb`

rkcmtk` ehbmbnhmc eubnthabs. M [^ ZH^ mu`ht ab Oucy 8, =88=, sfawk` m tatmc mnnaubtmlhchty ae

tfk ehvk nabtrmnt ubhts ae 00<.6=<.8<. Ae tfmt miaubt, 07,<88.;5 wms hb nmsf, ;0,;67.6>

hb nfknds, mb` 0:, 76:. 7< wms hb ubrkihttk` vaunfkrs erai vmrhaus Fausk aeehnks.>5

Ly nabtrmst, m naipmrmlck [^Z^ emnhchty sfauc` fmvk mb mnnaubtmlhchty ae =8;.:::,mnnar`hbg ta tfk [^ ZH^ mu`ht rkpart, bat 00<. 6=<.8<.

Pfk kxnkss mnnaubtmlhchty stkis erai tfk emhcurk ta `kpasht smcks rknkhpts ab m `mhcy

l s h ~ mb` imy fmvk lkkb bknkssmry ta navkr tfk ecamt ear nfknd nmsfhbg mt tfk Zast Aeehnk.

@urhbg tfk pkrha` rkvhkwk` ly tfk Pmsd Earnk hbvksthgmthab, tfk cass ae mppraxhimtkcy

>0,::: hb eub`s erai tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk stmip naubtkrs annurrk`. Pfkrk mrk m builkr

ae emntars tfmt nabtrhlutk` ta tfk cass, hbncu`hbg m cmnd ae imbmgkikbt nabtracs, ba

ikmbhbgeuc mu`ht pachny, mb` hbsueehnhkbt trmhbhbg ae stmip naubtkr pkrsabbkc. Eaur Fausk

Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks fmvk lkkb hb`hntk` ear tfk tfkets.

O^ .Kx. <0, [.^. Fausk ae \kprkskbtmthvks Zastmc Nabtrmnt, Mgrkkikbt ta Nab`unt m Nabtrmnt ^tmthab, Mprhc

=> =860. Pfk nabtrmnts wkrk ia`hehk` ta rkquhrk ba naipkbsmthab erai tfk Fausk Zastimstkr mb` ta kxkipt

tfk Fausk Zastimstkr erai tfk rkquhrkikbt ae m sknurhty lab` ta navkr passhlck cassks ae iabky ar [^Z^

prapkrty.

O5 Kx. <6, [^ZH^, Ehbmbnhmc Mu`ht - [.^. Fausk ae \kprkskbtmthvks, ^kptkilkr <>, =88=.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 6

Omiks îhtf wms tfk Msshstmbt Zastimstkr ear Mnnaubtmlhchty mb` wms rkspabshlck ear

mcc Fausk Zast Aeehnk stmip naubtkrs. Whtbkssks fmvk `ksnrhlk` Ir. îhtf' s aeehnk ms

chttkrk` whtf stmips mb` iabky4 stmips mb` nmsf wkrk dkpt hb `ksd `rmwkrs, ab sfkcvks, ab

tfk `ksd mb` kvkb ab tfk ecaar. M Fausk kipcaykk tac` Pmsd Earnk hbtkrvhkwkrs ae lkhbg hb

îhtf's aeehnk wfkb Ir. îhtf wms ruiimghbg tfraugf fhs aeehnk tryhbg ta ehb` m stmnd ae

$=:: lhccs. Pfk Oucy 8 mu`ht rkpartk` tfmt Ir. îhtf fm` $<65,7:8.=6 ae tfk tatmc Fausk

Zast Aeehnk mnnaubtmlhchty hb fhs aeehnk, hbncu`hbg $<8,:<;.=; hb nmsf.

Wfkb Fausk Zast Aeehnk stmip nckrds bkk`k` iark stmips, tfky wauc` purnfmsk

stmips erai Ir. îhtf whtf iabky rknkhvk` erai stmip smcks. Ir. îhtf ehcck` tfksk

ar`krs, wfhnf ihgft lk armc ar wrhttkb ab mby mvmhcmlck snrmp pmpkr, mih` tfk nfmathn

nab`hthabs ae fhs aeehnk. Pfk rksuct ae nmrkckss prmnthnks hb tfk stmip naubtkr apkrmthabs wkrk

buikraus krrars mb` ihsub`krstmb`hbgs hbvacvhbg iabky mb` stand. Ear hbstmbnk, skvkrmc

wkkds metkr mb mu`ht rkvkmck` m $=,<;5.:: sfartmgk hb m stmip nckrd's mnnaubtmlhchty, $;:: hb

$;.:: stmips wms eaub` lkfhb` m naubtkr.

Metkr ehcchbg stmip naubtkr ar`krs, Ir. îhtf wauc` purnfmsk ar rkquhshthab bkw

stmips erai tfk Wmsfhbgtab, @ N Zast Aeehnk. Fausk Zast Aeehnk naurhkrs rauthbkcy taad

nmsf hb kxnkss ae $=:,::: ta tfk Lrkbtwaa` Zast Aeehnk ta purnfmsk stmips, whtfaut mby

sknurhty prknmuthabs. (Pfk Pmsd Earnk fm` abk rkpart ae $;:,::: nmsf lkhbg trmbspartk`).

Pfkrk wms ba hbtkrbmc Fausk Zast Aeehnk prankss ta nabehri hb`hvhùmc mnnaubtmlhchty

atfkr tfmb skce-mu`ht ly tfk stmip nckrds. Mby sfartmgk `ktkntk` ly skce-mu`ht wms

kxpkntk` ta lk navkrk` ly tfk stmip nckrd, lut wms bat rkpartk` ta tfk Zastimstkr ar tfk

[.^. Zastmc ^krvhnk.

Ir. îhtf `hsnavkrk` m shgbhehnmbt sfartmgk, ms iunf ms $; ,:::, ùrhbg abk sunf skce

mu`ht ae fhs awb mnnaubtmlhchty. Is. \hskbfaavkr, wfa fm` msshstk` Ir. îhtf whtf tfk

mu`ht, rkpartk` tfmt Ir. îhtf msdk` ear mcc fkr rknar`s ae tfmt mu`ht. Ir. îhtf mppmrkbtcy

navkrk` tfk sfartmgk mb` `h` bat rkpart tfk imttkr ta Zastimstkr \atm ar ta [.^. Zastmc

mutfarhthks.

Hb Imrnf =88<, m Gkbkrmc Mnnaubthbg Aeehnk mu`ht ae tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk

mnnaubtmlhchty ly Mnthbg Zastimstkr Ihnfmkc O ^fhbmy, rkvkmck` m sfartmgk ae $< ,;8; hb Ir.

îhtf's mnnaubtmlhchty. Pfk sfartmgk stkiik` erai mb hbm`kqumtk trmndhbg ae Fausk

vaunfkrs usk` ta purnfmsk stmips. Ir. îhtf hiik h̀mtkcy pmh` tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk

$<,;8; ta navkr tfhs sfartmgk.

Ba pachny kxhstk` ear tfk nabtrac ae dkys ear stmip naubtkr `rmwkrs. Ms cmtk ms tfk

GMA mu`ht ab Imrnf <0, =88<, tfk Mnthbg Msshstmbt Zastimstkr ear Mnnaubtmlhchty fm` m skt



Pmsd Earnk \kpartZmgk <8

ae dkys ear mcc `rmwkrs. Pfk GMA mu`ht pahbtk` aut tfmt saikabk atfkr tfmb tfk pkrsab

rkspabshlck ear tfk nmsf mb` stmips sfauc` rktmhb tfk ùpchnmtk dkys. >7

Pfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk fmb`chbg ae [^Z^ Zastmc Iabky Ar`krs mcsa vhacmtk` [^Z^

\kgucmthabs. Pfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk hssuk` iabky ar`krs ta kmnf ae tfk ehvk stmthabs hb

lcands ae =:: iabky ar`kr earis. Mcc stmip naubtkr nckrds mt tfk stmthab wauc` tfkb skcc

iabky ar`krs erai tfk smik lcand ae earis. Pfhs prmnthnk prkvkbtk` hb`hvhùmc

rkspabshlhchty ear cast ar stackb iabky ar`krs. Mctfaugf tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk hbsthtutk`

bkw nabtracs hb ^kptkilkr =88=, tfk GMA `hsnavkrk` mb ubapkbk` pmnd ae =:: lcmbd iabky

ar`krs cket hb mb ubcandk` smek whtf tfk dkys hb tfk cand. >6

Pfk mnnuiucmthab ae nmsf ly tfk stmip naubtkr nckrds vhacmtk` [^Z^ pachnhks ear

Nabtrmnt Zastmc [bhts. Cmrgk miaubts ae nmsf wkrk bknkssmry, fawkvkr, ta suppart tfk

Fausk Zast Aeehnk nfknd nmsfhbg pachny. Mctfaugf [^Z^ \kgucmthabs prafhlht tfk mnnkptmbnk

ae pkrsabmc nfknds ear atfkr tfmb tfk emnk miaubt ae purnfmsk,>8 tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk

nmsfk` pkrsabmc mb` pmyracc nfknds he m nustaikr prkskbtk` m Fausk ae \kprkskbtmthvks pfata

h`kbthehnmthab nmr`. Pfhs pachny imy fmvk arhghbmtk` whtf Zmuc Paiik, Omiks îhtf's

prk`knkssar, mb` nabthbuk` ubthc ^kptkilkr =88=. Mby quksthabs mlaut wfktfkr m stmia

nckrd sfauc` nmsf m pmrthnucmr nfknd wkrk rkekrrk` ta Oambbm A'\aurdk, wfa mppravk` tfk

nfknds ta lk nmsfk`.

Pfkrk hs ba shipck wmy ta `ktkrihbk erai kxhsthbg rknar`s wfhnf nfknds wkrk usk` ta

purnfmsk stmips ms appask` ta lkhbg bkgathmtk` ear nmsf. Pfk Pmsd Earnk rkvhkwk`

pfatanaphks ae nfknds mnnkptk` mb` `kpashtk` ly Fausk Zast Aeehnk ear Imy, Oubk, Oucy,

Mugust, Antalkr, Bavkilkr, mb` @knkilkr, =88= mb` Ombumry, Eklrumry, mb` Imrnf,

=88<.0: Miabg Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks erkqukbtcy nmsfhbg nfknds wkrk Zastimstkr

\atm, Oambbm A'\aurdk, Omiks îhtf, Bhdh \hskbfaavkr, mb` Bmbny Nacchbs. Hb m``hthab,

skvkrmc ae tfk nfknds wrhttkb ab mnnaubts ae Ikilkrs, callyhsts mb` nmipmhgb naiihttkks

imy fmvk lkkb wrhttkb ear nmsf rmtfkr tfmb stmip purnfmsks. Pfksk nfknds wkrk

`kbaihbmtk` hb kvkb àccmr miaubts ae ;: ar =:: ar iark, mb` à bat narrkspab` ta

typhnmc purnfmsk ae pastmgk, h.k. `hvhshlck ly pastmgk stmip `kbaihbmthabs.

>7 Kx. <;, GMA \kpart ta @abbmc` D Mb`krsab, Nckrd ae tfk Fausk, Mprhc <, =88<.

>6Kx <;.

>8 Kx. <8, ^kn. >==.=<, [^Z^ Fmb`laad E-=, Zast Aeehnk Mnnaubthbg Zrankùrks, Mprhc =88=. Zastmc

Fmb`laad Ec ^knthab 0>; chihts tfk rktkbthab ae nmsf avkrbhgft ly kmnf nckrd ta ba iark tfmb =:: .

.c ) Pfk [.^. Mttarbky fms tfk pfatanaphks ae nfknds ear prhar ykmrs.



Pmsd Earnk \kpartZmgk >

Pfk Pmsd Earnk fkmr` rkparts ae iabky lkhbg cambk` ta Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks erai

stmip mnnaubtmlhchthks. Pfksk cambs rmbgk` erai m ekw àccmrs ta avkr $=::. Hb m``hthab,

pkrsabmc nfknds wkrk nmsfk` mb` tfkb fkc` lkeark lkhbg `kpashtk`, saikthiks ear skvkrmc

wkkds. Pfhs miaubtk`, hb keeknt, ta m camb ae [^Z^ eub`s ear tfk thik tfk nfknds wkbt

ub`kpashtk`. Ehb`hbgs ae tfk [.^. Zastmc Hbspknthab ^krvhnk mu`ht hb Oucy, 88 mcsa stmtk`

tfmt `kpaQhts wkrk bat im`k ab m `mhcy lmshs, hbnrkmshbg tfk passhlhchty ae kxnksshvk eub`s

lkhbg fkc`. @urhbg tfk Nmphtac Zachnk hbvksthgmthab ae K`wmr` Zaguk, mb ub`mtk` mb`

ubkbàrsk` pkrsabmc nfknd erai Okrry Nmrtkr, @hrkntar ae Prmbspartmthab, ear $;::.:: wms

`hsnavkrk` hb Ir. Zaguk's stmip `rmwkr. Ir. Nmrtkr's nfknd imy lk mb hb`hnmthab ae mb

ubmutfarhzk` camb im`k erai tfk stmip naubtkr mnnaubtmlhchty.

Zastmc fmb`laad M^7:7E, Nabtrmnthbg ear Nabtrmnt Zastmc [bhts, skts eartf hb Nfmptkr

0, ^kn. 0>.0, tfk rkquhrkikbt ear mb mbbumc mu`ht ly tfk Nabtrmnthbg Aeehnkrs \kprkskbtmthvk

( NA\ ), hb tfhs nmsk tfk Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. Zast Aeehnk. Pfhs smik sknthab rkquhrks tfk

NA\ ta bathey tfk [^ ZH^ he ihsimbmgkikbt ae m Nabtrmnt Zastmc [bht's mnnaubtmlhchty hs

suspkntk` Pfk [^ZH^ imy nabùnt mu`hts ae Nabtrmnt Zastmc [bhts mt mby thik whtfaut prhar

bathehnmthab.0 Mb m``hthabmc pachny nabnkrbhbg mu`hts ae Nabtrmnt Zastmc [bhts mppkmrs hb

^kn. 07<.0< ae tfk Zastmc ^krvhnk Fmb`laad E-=, Mnnaubthbg Zrankùrks, wfhnf rkquhrks

abcy tfmt tfk nabtrmntar (h.k. tfk Fausk Zastimstkr) rkpcmnk mby sfartmgk wfhnf kxnkk`s tfk

mccawk` tackrmbnk. Packrmbnks rmbgk erai $<.:: ta $5:.::, `kpkb`hbg ab tfk àccmr vmcuk ae

tfk mnnaubtmlhchty. 0< M rkprkskbtmthvk ae tfk Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. Zast Aeehnk stmtk`, fawkvkr,

tfmt tfk [^Z^ fms ba rknar` ae m`vhshbg tfk [.^. Zastmc Hbspknthab ^krvhnk ae sfartmgks

`hsnavkrk` hb [^Z^ mu`ht ae tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk.

Pfk rkquhrk` mbbumc mu`ht ly tfk Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. Zast Aeehnk nhtk` tfk hiprapkr

rktkbthab ae nmsf mt mcc ehvk Fausk Nabtrmnt Zastmc [bhts mu`htk` hb =868. Naphks ae tfksk

mu`hts wkrk im`k mvmhcmlck ta tfk Zastimstkr ae tfk Wmsfhbgtab, @ N Zast Aeehnk mb`

Zastimstkr \atm, lut tfkrk hs ba rknar` ae mby narrknthvk mnthab tmdkb.

Pfk [^ZH^ mu`ht rkpart ta Zastimstkr \atm ae ^kptkilkr <>, 88 skt eartf ehvk

ehb`hbgs rkcmthbg ta tfk fmb`chbg ae stmip mnnaubtmlhchty. \knaiikb`k` narrknthvk mnthab

wms suggkstk` hb kmnf hbstmbnk. Bkw hbstrunthabs wkrk hssuk` rkcmthvk ta stmip naubtkr

apkrmthab ab ^kptkilkr 5, =88=.0> Pfk màpthab ae m``hthabmc suggksthabs mb`

rknaiikb`mthabs wms mnnkckrmtk` whtf tfk rkshgbmthab ae \alkrt \atm ms Zastimstkr mb` tfk

mppahbtikbt ae Ihnfmkc ^fhbmy ms Mnthbg Zastimstkr.

0 Kx. <5, [^Z^ Fmb`laad M^7:7E, Nabtrmnthbg ear Nabtrmnt Zastmc [bhts, Oucy =868 .

0< Kx. <7, [^Z^ Fmb`laad E-=, Zast Aeehnk Mnnaubthbg Zrankùrks, Mprhc =88=.

•> Kx. >=, Fausk Zast Aeehnk, Bkw Zrankùrmc Zachnhks, ^kptkilkr 5, =88=.



>. Imhc ârthbg mb` @kchvkry

Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk >

fk Zastimstkr mttrhlutk` imhc lmndcags ta sulstmbthmccy avkrstmtk` imhc

vacuik ksthimtks wfkb lmndcags wkrk nmusk` ly hbkeeknthvk usk a

pkrsabbkc, mlskbtkkhsi, mb` cmx ward rucks. Zastimstkr \atm s

ksthimtks a Fausk hbnaihbg imhc vacuik `rmimthnmccy kxnkk`k` Zastmc

^krvhnk naubts.

Pfk imhc fmb`chbg sknthab hs tfk cmrgkst sknthab ae tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk mb` rknkhvks

hbnaihbg [^Z^ imhc, sarts hbsh`k imhc, mb` `kchvkrs imhc ta Ikilkr aeehnks. Hb m``hthab,

tfk imhc sarthbg mb` `kchvkry sknthab fmb`cks autgahbg imhc erai Fausk aeehnks mb` hs

rkspabshlck ear mnnaubthbg ae ermbdk` imhc `kchvkrk` ta tfk [^Z^ ly tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk.

Wfkb rkquksthbg hbnrkmsk` lu`gkts ear m``hthabmc pkrsabbkc mt tfk Ckghscmthvk Lrmbnf

Mppraprhmthabs ûlnaiihttkk, Zastimstkr \atm nhtk` ksnmcmthbg imhc vacuik ksthimtks.

Zastimstkr \atm stmtk` tfmt tfk [^Z^ imhc naubts ear `kchvkry ta tfk Fausk wkrk hbmnnurmtk

mb` tksthehk` ta tfk ûlnaiihttkk ab Ckghscmthvk Lrmbnf Mppraprhmthabs ab Ombumry <>, =88<,

lknmusk iast imhc baw mrrhvks hb lucd -- saik `kchvkrk` ly tfk [.^ . Zastmc

^krvhnk mb` saik ly tfk [bhtk` Zmrnkc ^krvhnk ms wkcc ms ly mhr, lus, trund

mb` atfkr prhvmtk nmrrhkrs -- tfk Zastmc ^krvhnk ehgurks abcy sfaw abk pmrt ae

tfk tatmc hbnaihbg imhc vacuik. ar kxmipck, tfk Zastmc ^krvhnk rkparts m lax

ae imhc ms m shbgck ubht wfkb hb emnt tfmt lax imy nabtmhb ;:: ar iark

kbvkcapks. Pfksk stmthsthns, suppchk` ly tfk Zastmc ^krvhnk, grasscy ub`kr

naubt imhc `kchvkrk` tfraugf tfkhr emnhchthks.

Fawkvkr, Zastimstkr \atm mcsa stmtk` mt tfmt fkmrhbg tfmt tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk nauc`

pravh`k ba mnnurmtk naubt ae tfk imhc.

M 'fmr` naubt' ae mcc hbnaihbg imhc wauc` `kcmy `kchvkry mb` m``

sulstmbthmccy ta apkrmthbg nast.

Zastimstkr \atm's ksthimtks ae hbnaihbg imhc vacuik wkrk bat ousthehk`, tfkrkeark, khtfkr ly

tfk [bhtk` ^tmtks Zastmc ^krvhnk naubts ar ly mb mntumc pfyshnmc naubt ae tfk imhc. 00Hb

rkspabsk ta Pmsd Earnk hbquhrhks, @kputy Zastimstkr Bmbny Nacchbs, @hrkntar ae Zkrsabbkc

00 Pfk [.^. ^kbmtk Aeehnk ae Zastimstkr àks imdk m pfyshnmc naubt ae imhc kmnf `my mb` trmnds imhc

vacuik ab mb faurcy lmshs. Pfk naubthbg prankùrk hbvacvks m trmy naubt mb` mb ksthimtk` naubt ae kmnf trmy .



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk ><

@mvh` @ubb, mb` @hrkntar ae Imhc \aai Apkrmthabs Zmuc Cazhta wkrk ubmlck ta kxpcmhb faw

Zastimstkr \atm mrrhvk` mt tfk hbnaihbg imhc ksthimtk wfhnf wkrk usk` ta ousthey hbnrkmsk`

lu`gkt rkquksts. Nfhke ae ^tmee Oambbm A'\aurdk wms ubmvmhcmlck ta rkspab` ta quksthabs

nabnkrbhbg tfk hbnaihbg imhc ksthimtks.

Zastimstkr

\atm's hbnaihbg

imhc ehgurks wkrk

usk` ta ousthey

iark tfmb oust

hbnrkmsks hb imhc

fmb`ckrs,

imbmgkikbt

pkrsabbkc mb`

smcmrhks. Pfk

hbnaihbg imhc

ehgurks, hbecmtk` ly

ms iunf ms >;:%,

wkrk usk` hb

Nabgrksshabmc

\kskmrnf ^krvhnk

rkparts mbmcyzhbg

nabgrksshabmc imhc

Ihcchabs

>::

<6

<;:

<0:

<<:

<::

=6:

=5:

=0:

=<

=::

A

5:

0:

<:

Imhc Uacuik Ksthimtks

87< ta 88

~ - - - + - - - - e . . . . . . . . . . , . ~ - h , . , Q . . . e - - . , , . . Q . . . h - - - + - - r - + - . . , . . Q + - - - e - - r - - - e - - Q . , , . . Q - + -=8=< =87; =86: =86; =88:

Naipmrhsab ae Fausk hbnaihbg imhc naubts ms rkpartk` ly

tfk [ ^ Zastmc ^krvhnk mb` Zastimstk r \atm

[ ^

Zastmc6 vcakNaubt

mb` ucthimtk y, ly Fausk Ikilkrs mrguhbg mgmhbst rk`unthabs hb ermbdk` imhc mb` mgmhbst

ermbdhbg rkeari.

ar kxmipck, N\^ \kpart 8:->0; GAU, [.^. Nabgrkss Aeehnhmc Imhc Nasts? EX =87<

ta EX =88=, rkcyhbg ab Zastimstkr \atm' s hbecmtk` ehgurks, rkpartk` tfmt =;<. 7 ihcchab phknks

ae imhc wkrk rknkhvk` ly tfk Fausk hb =877-76 mb` tfmt hb =868-8:, tfk Fausk rknkhvk` ;=5

ihcchab phknks -- mb mppmrkbt hbnrkmsk ae <>6 pkrnkbt.

@urhbg tfmt smik =< ykmr pkrha`, mcc Fausk autgahbg ermbdk` imhc (hbncu`hbg Fausk

Eac`hbg \aai imhc mb` `hstrhnt aeehnk imhc), ms rkpartk` ly tfk [^Z^, rask erai ;;7.6

ihcchab phknks hb =877-76 ta 606.> ihcchab phknks hb =868-8: -- mb hbnrkmsk ae ;< pkrnkbt.

Zastimstkr \atm's kxmggkrmtk` hbnaihbg imhc builkrs wkrk usk` ly appabkbts ae

rkeari ae tfk Fausk ermbdk` imhc prhvhckgk. Nrhthnhsi ae Fausk ermbdhbg wms rkeutk` ly

ncmhis tfmt Fausk autgahbg imhc, wfhck hbnrkmshbg, wmsb't dkkphbg pmnk whtf tfk hbnrkmsk hb



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

mgk

hbnaihbg imhc. Ear kxmipck, rkcyhbg ab Zastimstkr \atm's ehgurks, \kp. Uhn Emzha,

Nfmhrimb ae tfk Ckghscmthvk Mppraprhmthabs ûlnaiihttkk ab ^kptkilkr <5, =88: (F 6:8;)

stmtk`?

Ckt ik sfaw Ikilkrs mbatfkr trkb` chbk tfmt H tfhbd hs vkry hb`hnmthvk ae

wfmt wk mrk up mgmhbst, mb` tfmt hs tfk miaubt ae hbnaihbg imhc. ^hbnk =87;,

wfkb wk rknkhvk` saik ;; ihcchab phknks ae hbnaihbg imhc, wk mrk baw up ta

<<6 ihcchab phknks ae imhc hb m pkrha` ae ckss tfmb ; ykmrs. Pfhs hs mb

hbnrk`hlck rmtk ae hbnrkmsk, =:. 7 pkrnkbt m ykmr. t rkecknts tfk vkry nmcnucmtk`

usk ly spknhmc hbtkrkst graups ae `hrknt imhc hipmnt ab Nabgrkss. T^Ypknhmc

hbtkrksts hbub`mtk Ikilkrs whtf imhc wfhnf wk iust rkspab` ta, ar wfhnf

wk iust mttkipt ta rkspab` ta, fapkeuccy hb m wmy tfmt whcc kùnmtk aur

nabsthtukbts ms ta tfk TrYkmc hssuks wk mrk `klmthbg.

Pfk Pmsd Earnk fms `ktkrihbk` tfmt Zastimstkr \atm's builkrs wkrk ubsulstmbthmtk` mb`

`rmsthnmccy hb kxnkss ae [^Z^ naubts (ms iunf ms >;: pkrnkbt hb =86;, wfkb Zastimstkr \atm

rkpartk` <<; ihcchab phknks, wfhck tfk [^Z^ rkpartk` 5; ihcchab phknks ae imhc rknkhvk` ly

tfk Fausk)4 babktfkckss, tfk hbecmtk` Fausk hbnaihbg imhc builkrs fkcpk` ta `kekb` mb`

ousthey tfk rmph` hbnrkmsk hb autgahbg Fausk imhc ùrhbg tfk =86:'s.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk >0

Mbbumc Hbnaihbg Imhc Uacuik Ksthimtks 86; ta 880;

[^Z^ Naubts =86; =865 =867 =866 =868 =88: =88=

Ckttkrs 0<,<5;,::: ><,>8<,;:: >;,:55,::: >;, =78,::: 00,6<7,::: 05, =;8,;:: >7,7;:,;::

Ecmts =>,;==,87: =>,8:7.7:: <6,:>=,::: <7,>7<,<;: >0.0;0,::: >>,806,;:: <8.0<7,;::

Bkwspmpkrs ;=7.7<; <76,>7; <85,07; <66,7;: >=8,50: <67, 75: >=:,6::

Zmrnkcs 0,<=;,5:: >,=07,<:: ;,800,5:: ;,86<,0:: 6,>5<,::: 6,:=5,0:: 7,808,<::

\kghstkrk` >5,:6= >8,55; >;,>8: >5,760 ;:,<5= 50,<56 5=,505

Hbsh`k Imhc06<,5::,::: <,5::,::: <,5::,::: <,5::,::: <,5::,::: <,5::,::: <,5::,:::

Nacckmguks =,585,;:: =,585,;:: =,585,;:: =,585,;:: =,585,;:: =,585,;:: =,585,;::

Kxprkss07 <0,65; =8,8<5 >8,5<= 7=,>78 8>,5>5 =;=,0;6 >0,>;8

[^Z^ Naubt 50,657,70= ;0,:6=,655 7>,7:8,;65 7>,<<7,:5> 8<.0:>,:>7 8<,8<0,>65 78,6>:,;:;

\atm Ksthimtk <<;,:::,::: =6:,:::,::: =;7,:::,::: =;5, 5::,::: <5<,>::,::: <;>,7::,::: =7;,6::,:::

@heekrkbnk =5:,=><,<;8 =<;,8=6,=>0 6>,<8:.0=0 6>,>7<,8>7 =58,685,85> =5:,77;,5=0 8;,858,08;

Avkrstmtkikbt >07 >>> <=> <=0 <60 <7> <<:

0; Pfk [^Z^ imhc naubt ehgurks mrk tmdkb erai tfk ^tmtkikbts ae Zastimstkr \alkrt U \atm lkeark tfk ^ulnaiihttkk ab Ckghscmthvk Lrmbnf

Mppraprhmt habs Ear Ehsnmc Xkmrs =875-76, =86:,=86;, =865, =88<, mb` =88>. \atm mnnaubtk` ear tfk `heekrkbnk hb fhs ksthimtk mb` tfk [.^. Zast Aeehnk

imhc naubt lknmusk, TeYar kxmipck, tfk Zastmc ^krvhnk rkparts m lax ae imhc ms m shbgck ubht wfkb hb emnt tfmt lax imy nabtmhb ;:: ar iark kbvkcapks.

\atm's mbbumc ksthimtk miaubts ta mppraxhimtkcy >,::: phknks ae imhc pkr Ikilkr aeehnk pkr ckghscmthvk `my.

05 @hrkntar Imhc \aai Apkrmthabs pravh`k` ksthimtks ae hbsh`k imhc mb` @kmr Nacckmguks 4 Mntumc builkr ae @kmr Nacckmguks hs 7,77>4 tfk ksthimtk

ae =,585,;:: hs lmsk` ab =; @kmr Nacckmguks pkr Ikilkr aeehnk kmnf ckghscmthvk `my.

07 ^aurnk? Fausk Zast Aeehnk Lushbkss \kparts.



Pmsd Earnk \kpartZmgk >;

L. Lu`gkt, Apkrmt habs, ^mcmrhks

Mnnaubthbg prmnthnks a tfk Fausk a \kprkskbtmthvks fhb`kr keeabs ta

kstmlchsf m lu`gkt ar i cc apkrmthabs

Ksthimthabs ae tfk mbbumc kxpkbsk ta tfk Fausk ear imhc skrvhnks mrk fmipkrk` ly tfkmnnaubthbg prmnthnks ae tfk Fausk ae \kprkskbtmthvks. b keeart fms lkkb im`k ta ksthimtk

tfk lu`gkt kxpkbsk ly ehsnmc ykmr, lut tfhs lu`gkt miaubt imy bat lk kxfmusthvk mb` imy

kxncu`k htkis wfhnf sfauc` prapkrcy lk nfmrgk` ta tfk apkrmthab ae tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk.

Pfhs cmnd ae mnnurmtk mnnaubthbg hbearimthab prkvkbts m naipcktk m stu`y ae Zast Aeehnk nast

keeknthvkbkss mb` keehnhkbny.fklu`gkt

u`gkt \kqukstssthimtks rkqukstk`

ly Zastimstkr

\atm ksnmcmtk`shgbhehnmbtcy hb tfk

pmst ekw ykmrs,

rhshbg erai

<,7=: ,::: ear

Ehsnmc Xkmr =868

ta 5,:<:,::: ear

Ehsnmc Xkmr =88>.

Hb tfk pmst shx

ykmrs, tfk miaubtmppraprhmtk` ear

tfk Aeehnk ae

Zastimstkr fms

rhskb mt mlaut twa

thiks tfk rmtk ae

Ihcchab

7.::= X =87<taEX=88>

5 ; : ~5.::

;.;:=

s o0.;:

0.::

>.;:

>.::

<.;:

<.::

=.;:

=.::

:.;:=87< =87; =86: =86; =88: =88>

Zastimstkr \atm lu`gkt rkquksts ta Ckghscmthvk Lrmbnf Mppraprhmthabs

Naiihttkk =87< ta =88>. (Ckghscmthvk Lrmbnf ^ulnaiihttkk Zrhbts)

grawtf ear atfkr Fausk Aeehnkrs. fk rmtk ae hbnrkmsk hb tfk builkr ae Fausk Zast Aeehnk

pkrsabbkc fms lkkb mlaut ehvk ta tkb thiks tfk rmtk ae pkrsabbkc hbnrkmsk ear atfkr Fausk

Aeehnkrs. 06 Pfk Zastimstkr ousthehk` tfk hbnrkmsks ms bknkssmry ta rkspab` ta hbnrkmsks hb

hbnaihbg imhc. Zastimstkr \atm prkskbtk` ksthimtks ae imhc vacuik ta tfk Ckghscmthvk

0 ^kk Fausk Aeehnkr Lu`gkt Grawtf nfmrt ab bkxt pmgk.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk >5

Lrmbnf Mppraprhmthabs ûlnaiihttkk tfmt wkrk bat ousthehk` ly [^Z^ imhc vacuik ehgurks ar

ly fmr` imhc naubts pkrearik` ly tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk.

Pfk bkk`

ear tfk lu`gkt

hbnrkmsks hs

quksthabmlck,

kspknhmccy hb chgft

a nfmbgks

hbtraùnk` ly tfk

Mnthbg Zastimstkr

^fhbmy, wfa fms

rkargmbhzk` tfk

hbtkrbmc imhc

`kchvkry systki

mb` kchihbmtk` >:

pashthabs lknmusk

a avkr stmeehbg.

Pfk rkùnthab hb

imhc raai stmee hs

ùk hb pmrt ta b

hbnrkmsk hb

H

=<;% '

=::%

7;%

;:%

hH<;% 0

Ehsnmc Xkmrs

Fausk Aeehnkr u`gkts

=867

(Zkrnkbt Grawtf shbnk EX =865)

Zastimstkr

=866 =868 =88: =88=

@aardkkpkr

....

Nckrd

^krgkmbt mt Mbbs*

=88<

• [bthc =868 ^krgkmbt mt Mris pkrsabbkc lu`gkt hbncu`k` Nmphtac Zachnk aeehnkrs.

âurnk? ûlnaiihttkk Zrhbt, Ckghscmthvk Lrmbnf Mppraprhmthabs, Ehsnmc Xkmrs =865 ta

=88>.

praùnthvhty rksucthbg erai m `knchbk hb mlskbtkkhsi, m rkquhrkikbt ear wardhbg m eucc khgft-

faur `my, mb` kbnaurmghbg a praeksshabmchsi hb tfk imhc raai stmee.

Pfk smvhbgs rksucthbg erai tfk nfmbgks hipckikbtk` ly Mnthbg Zastimstkr ^fhbmy

nauc` rkmnf ms iunf ms 0;:,::: mbbumccy.

^kk Hbnaihbg Imhc Uacuik Nfmrt, pmgk >0. Hbearimc `hsnusshabs whtf tfk ^kbmtk Aeehnk a Zastimstkr

stmee ckmrbk` tfmt tfk skbmtk past aeehnk àks imdk m pfyshnmc naubt a imhc kmnf `my mb` nmb trmnd imhc vacuik

ab mb faurcy lmshs.



Zmgk 7

bbumc Fausk Zast Aeehnk Lu`gkt Ksthimtkm

=86; =865 =867 =866 =868 =88: =88= =88< =88>

^mcmrhks• <, =5;,::: =,86;,77; <,>:0,::: <,;=7,::: <,5=:,::: <,865,::: >,<7;,::: 0,>77,::: 0,:78,:::

Nckrd Prmbsekrs =><,:::0

>6>,:::

Ehb.Ibgk.^ys.= 56,8=: =0<,5:< ;7.0=8 = >=,5;6f ;6,;874

Zurnfmsk Ar`krs 0,86: ><,:;6 ==0,>>0 06,>;8 7:,8<;

Kxpbsk Uaunfkrs =67,:>: 8>=,;=7h

Mbbumc <, =5;,::: =,86;,77; <,>77,68: <,58=,55: >, =::,76> >,:55,:=7 0,7=8,:>8 0,>77,::: 0,:78,:::

Kxpkb`hturk

\atm ^mcmry <, =5;,::: <,<=;,::: <,<78,::: <,5=7,::: <,75:,::: >,:<6,::: 0,=:;,::: ;,<:>,::: 5,:<:,:::

\kquksts

Mbbumc hbnrkmsk <% =;% =0% =:% =5% >7% ;8% >6%

\kqukstk` hbnrkmsk avkr EX =866 Lu`gkt =:% <:% 5>% =:7% =>8%

m. Ksthimtks ae mbbumc kxpkbsks ae cfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk hs fmipkrk` ly kxpkbsk rkparthbg prmnthnks ae cfk Fausk ae \nprkskbtmchvks. Mb keeart fms lkkb im`k =: ksthimtk cfk kxpkbsks lyehsnmc ykmr, luc Hlhs lu`gkt imy bac lk kxfmusthvk mb` imy kxù`k htkis wfhnf sfauc` prapkrcy lk nfmrgk` ca tfk apkrmthab ae tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk. Pfk cmnc4 ae r`hmlck mbbumc lu`gkt =:= == cs

prkvkbts nast keeknthvkbkss mb` keehnhkbny naipmrhsabs whtf shihcmr hbtkrbmc imhc systkis mt atfkr pulchn mb` prhvmtk hbs=h=u=habs.

l. âurnk? Ckghscmthvk Lrmbnf Mppraprhmthabs ̂ ulnaiihcckk Zrhbts.

n. Fausk \kpart =:<-;78.

`. Ckghscmthvk Lrmbnf Mppraprhmthabs Lhcc EX =88=? ûlnaiihukk Zrhbt.

k. Nckrd @abbm ` D. Mb `krsab ckukr ta \kp. Uhn Emzha, Nfmhrimb ûlnaiihccnn ab t....?ghscmchvk Lrmbnf Mppraprhmthabs, Ombumry H:, =88< - $>5:,:::4 Nckrd @abbm ` D. Mb`krsab cncckr ca

\kp. Uhn Emzha Antalkr =7, =88= - $<>,:::. (Kx. 0=)

e Ehgurks pravh`k` ly cfk Aeehnk ae Ehbmbnk4 hbncu`ks pmyikbts ear tkckpfabk skrvhnk, purnfmsks erai Aeeh.?k ûppcy ^krvhnk, mb` eukc purnfmsk` erai cf Mrnfhtknt ae tfk Nmphtac.

g. Aeehnk ûppcy k̂rvhnk $;:,70;4 Zfabk nfmrgks $5,57> .704 atfkr nfmrgks bat mvmhcmlck.

f. Aeehnk ûppcy ^krvhnk $<5,5<>4 Zfabk nfmrgks $;,:>0.;84 atfkr nfmrgks bat pravh`k` ly Aeehnk ae Ehbmbnk.

=. Aeehnk ûppcy ^krvhnk $05,:7;4 Zfabk nfmrgks $=<,;<<.0<4 atfkr nfmrgks bat pravh`k` ly Aeehnk ae Ehbmbnk.

o Hbncu`ks purnfmsk ae Mucaimck` Imhc ârthbg Kquhpikbt bknkssmry ear Ermbdk` Imhc Mnnaubtmlhchty.



NAIZM\HÂB A FA[^K AEEHNK\ ZK\ÂBBKC KVZKB@HP[\K^ A\ EH^NMC XKM\^ =865 ta =88<

AEEHNK\ =865 =867 =866 =868 =88: =88= =88<

Nckrd =>,:56,78< =0,<5;,::: =0,8=7,::: =;,8:;,::: =7,<58,::: =8,>::,::: <:,65:,:::

@aardkkpkr 5,>8:,605 7,:6=,::: 7,8=;,::: 7,;<;,::: 6,5<;,::: 8,<::,::: =:,:=>,:::

^gt-mt-Mris =7,86>,0>> <:,665,::: <=,=6:,::: 8;=,::: 867,::: =,<::,::: =,<66,:::

Zastimstkr =,86;,77; <,>:0,::: <,;=7,::: <,5=:,::: <,865,::: >,<7; ,::: 0,>77,:::

NAIZM\HÂB A FA[^K AEEHNK\ ZK\ÂBBKC NFMBGK^ A\ EH^NMC XKM\^ =865 PA =88<

AEEHNK\ =865 =867 =866 =868 =88:

Nckrd ;:= 06: ;:> ;>7 ;<7

@aardkkpkr >77 >>> >68 >76 >50

^gt-mt-Mris 557 500 50; << <<

Zastimstkr =>= =<: =>: =>= =06

âurnk? ûlnaiihttkk Zrhbt Ckghscmthvk Lrmbnf Mppraprhmthab Lhcc Ehsnmc Xkmrs =866-8>

• [bthc =868, ^krgkmbt mt Mris pkrsabbkc hbncu`k` Nmphtac Zachnk Aeehnkrs.

=88= =88<

;5< ;;8

>6> >60

<> <>

=;< =5:

Hbnrkmskavkr EX

=868

>= .=;

>> .:5

>;.00

57 .7:

Hbnrkmsk

avkr EX

=868

0.=:

=.;8

0.;;

<<.=0

Zmgk >6

Patmc 5ykmr

nfmbgk

;8.5<

;5.56

-8< .60 '

=<:.0<

Patmc 5

ykmr

nfmbgk

==.;6

=.65

-85 .;; '

<<.=0



N. \kargmbhzmthabs

Pmsd Earnk \kpartZmgk >8

Avkrshgft st ee urgk` tfk Fausk Zastimstkr ta tfhbd lhg hb Zast Aeehnk

rkargmbhzmthabs, astkbshlcy ta nabeari tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk whtf Emhr Cmlar

^tmb`mr`s Mnt rkquhrkikbts, lut tfk rksuct wms shgbhehnmbt smcmry hbnrkmsks ear

imbmgkikbt, bkw imbmgkikbt pashthabs ear pmtrabmgk mppahbtkks, mb`

avkrstmeehbg.

M shgbhehnmbt parthab ae

tfk rhshbg lu`gkt nast wms ear

smcmry hbnrkmsks ear Zast Aeehnk

imbmgkikbt stmee. Pwa

sunnksshvk rkargmbhzmthabs wkrk

ub`krtmdkb hb =88: mb` =88=,

astkbshvkcy ta lrhbg tfk Fausk

Zast Aeehnk hb chbk whtf tfk

rkquhrkikbts ae t f ~ Emhr Cmlar

^tmb`mr`s Mnt. Pfk abcy

sulstmbthvk nfmbgk hb tfk Fausk

Zast Aeehnk, atfkr tfmb

sulstmbthmc rmhsks ear imbmgkikbt

mb` bkw pmtrabmgk pashthabs, wms

$8::,::: Y

$6::.:::

$7::,:::

5 : : . : : :$;::,:::

$0::,:::

$>::,:::

s<:: aaa

$=::,:::

tfk `rmethbg ae oal thtcks ear mcc pashthabs.

Imbmgkikbt xpkbsk^mcmry bnrkmsks mb` kw Zashthabs

66 =88: = cc< 8> Ksc

Msdk` ta naiikbt mlaut tfk rkargmbhzmthabs ae tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk, mb kipcaykk

rkspab`k`?

H àb t tfhbd ht s vkry pashthvk. Pfk pkapck wfa wkrk mcrkm`y imdhbg tap

àccmrs fmvk iark iabky ..... t wms iastcy mcc tfk tap imbmgkikbt, tap-ckvkc

pkapck, yau dbaw. Mbyabk imdhbg mt ckmst imylk $<; ,::: mb` up Tgat tfk

rmhsks.Y Mb` tfhbgs `h`b t nfmbgk mby. t skkik` chdk tfk pkapck wfa wkrk

mcrkm`y imdhbg tap àccmr oust wkbt eurtfkr up mb` `h` ckss ward.

t hs bat nckmr wfktfkr tfk rkargmbhzmthabs wkrk hb rkspabsk ta tfk Zastimstkr's

nabnkrbs ar hbhthmtk` ly tfk ûlnaiihttkk ab Zkrsabbkc mb` Zachnk. Nfhke ae ^tmee

A'\aurdk, wfa wardk` iast ncaskcy whtf tfk ûlnaiihttkk ab Zkrsabbkc mb` Zachnk, wms

bat mvmhcmlck ta mbswkr quksthabs rkgmr`hbg tfk hbtkbt ae tfk =88: mb` =88= rkargmbhzmthabs.

Pfk Pmsd Earnk iust rkcy ab tksthiaby ae atfkr Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks mb` trkb`s hb



Pmsd Earnk \kpartZmgk 0:

Fausk Zast Aeehnk lu`gkt rkquksts mb` pmtrabmgk pashthabs ta `hsnkrb tfk passhlck hbtkbt ae

tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk rkargmbhzmthabs. ;

Mt tfk ehrst pfmsk ae tfk rkargmbhzmthab hb =88:, Zastimstkr \atm hbhthmccy rkqukstk` m

$=. < ihcchab hbnrkmsk hb mbbumc pkrsabbkc nasts. @urhbg tfk sknab` pfmsk hb =88=, \atmrkqukstk` mbatfkr hbnrkmsk ae $85=,56=.

Mctfaugf tfk \kpulchnmb ûlnaiihttkk stmee wms pravh`k` mb appartubhty ta rkvhkw

mb` kvmcumtk tfk prapasmcs, tfk `my-ta-`my apkrmthab mb` imbmgkikbt rkspabshlhchthks ear

`rmethbg tfk rkargmbhzmthab pcmbs wkrk `hrkntk` ly tfk @kianrmthn stmee. Pfk \kpulchnmb

stmee aeekrk` rkùnthabs hb tfk rkargmbhzmthab prapasmc.

Pfk ûlnaiihttkk kvkbtumccy nut \atm's rkqukstk` $=.< ihcchab mbbumc hbnrkmsk ta

$=6>,<;: mb` tfk 88 hbnrkmsk ae $85=,56= ta $>5<,605. Pfk ûlnaiihttkk nut tfk

builkr ae rkqukstk` bkw pashthabs erai ;; ta 8. Hb mcc, tfk tatmc prapask` rkargmbhzmthab

pcmb wms rkùnk` ly ;7 pkrnkbt ta $;05,:85 erai tfk iark tfmb =.< ihcchab arhghbmccyrkqukstk`.

[shbg =866 smcmry mb` lu`gkt hbearimthab ms m lmskchbk, m pmttkrb lknaiks mppmrkbt

tfmt tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk lu`gkt wms kxpmb`k` ta mnnaiia`mtk m``hthabmc fhgf-pmyhbg

pmtrabmgk imbmgkikbt pashthabs.

Pfk rub-up hb tfk smcmry ae Oambbm A'\aurdk hs mb kxmipck ae tfk keeknt ae tfk

rkargmbhzmthabs ae tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk. Hb =866, ms m tap stmee pkrsab hb tfk Fausk Zast

Aeehnk, Oambbm A'\aurdk wms Kxknuthvk Msshstmbt ta tfk Zastimstkr whtf m smcmry ae $>>, 7;:.

Ly =88<, Oambbm A'\aurdk's pashthab wms rkbmik` Nfhke ae ^tmee mb` fkr smcmry rmhsk` ta

$6>,::: mbbumccy.Hb rmhshbg A'\aurdk's smcmry =05% hb eaur ykmrs, tfk nkhchbg vmcuk ae mby pmtrabmgk

imbmgkikbt pashthab hb tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk wms rmhsk` erai mlaut $>:,::: hb =866 ta

$6:,::: hb =88<. Irs. A'\aurdk's smcmry hbnrkmsk mccawk` tfk nrkmthab ae buikraus

ih``ck imbmgkikbt pmtrabmgk pashthabs wartf $;:,::: ta $5:,::: ar iark mbbumccy.

Hb mb hbtkrvhkw whtf tfk Pmsd Earnk, Bhdh \hskbfaavkr tksthehk` tfmt?

iy ub`krstmb`hbg hs tfmt tfk rkargmbhzmthab wms tfk ward ae Oak Grhiks, bat

Ir. \atm. H ikmb, fk imy fmvk rkqukstk` tfmt tfk bkw pashthabs lk àbk, lutH tfhbd tfky prktty iunf fm` `knh`k` wfa wms gahbg ta gkt wfmt, wfmt wms

gahbg ta stmy hbsh`k tfk Zastimstkr's Aeehnk, wfmt pkapck wauc` lk praiatk`

ta bkw pashthabs mb` wfmt pashthabs wauc` lk fkc` apkb.

; Pfk @kputy Zastimstkr rknkbtcy tac` [.^. Zastmc Hbspkntars mb` Nmphtac Zachnk tfmt tfk rkargmbhz.mthab

pcmb wms bat wfmt tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk imbmgkikbt fm` msdk` ear. Wk wkrk tac` ly tfk ûlnaiihttkk ab

Zkrsabbkc mb` Zachnk ta 'tfhbd lhg',• sfk smh`.




Kxmipcks ae wfmt Bhdh \hskbfaavkr rkekrrk` ta, tfk nrkmthab ae pashthabs ly tfk

ûlnaiihttkk hb tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk kmrimrdk` ear nkrtmhb pkrsabs, ihgft hbncu`k?

a @mvh` @ubb, m earikr canmc imyar hb \kp. Amdmr's nabgrksshabmc `hstrhnt wms fhrk`hbta m pmtrabmgk pashthab hb tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk whtf m =88< smcmry ae ;7 ,:::4

a Okrry ^ywyo, earikr nmipmhgb, `hstrhnt aeehnk, Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. pkrsabmc aeehnk, mb`

ûlnaiihttkk ab Zkrsabbkc mb` Zachnk stmeekr ear \kp. Amdmr, wms fhrk` hbta mpmtrabmgk pashthab hb tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk whtf m =88< smcmry ae ;=,:::4

a Fk`h Mbbk Grhiks, whek ae Oak Grhiks, \kp. Amdmr's ûlnaiihttkk ab Zkrsabbkcmb` Zachnk stmee `hrkntar, wms fhrk` hbta m pmtrabmgk pashthab hb tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk

whtf m =88< smcmry ae ;=,:::.

Pfk mnnaipmbyhbg nfmrt, Imbmgkikbt ^mcmry \astkr, hb`hnmtks tfk kxpmbshab ae

pmtrabmgk pashthabs mb` smcmrhks. [shbg =866 ms m lmskchbk, tfk cmst ykmr ae \kp. Ckab

Zmbkttm's nfmhrimbsfhp ae tfk ûlnaiihttkk ab Zkrsabbkc mb` Zachnk, Fausk Zast Aeehnk

imbmgkikbt pmyracc fms hbnrkmsk` >0> pk=nkbt.

IMBMGKIKBP ^MCM\X \A^PK\

âurnk? Nckrd s \kpart

H H =866 H =868 H =88: H =88= H =88< H

Nacchbs ;5,::; ;8,0:5 5<,565 67,>>> 8:,555

A \aurdk >>, 7;7 >6,8<; >8,556 78,;06 6<,66=

Cmwsab <<,5>< <8,700 07,:66 ;5,860

@ubb <6,70= 07, =5< ;5,860

Cazhta >:,888 >>,087 >5, =58 06,866 ;5,860

îhtf <;,68= ><,;>; >5,7;; ;:,057 ;5,860

Grhiks 06, =>5 ;:, =;6

^ywyo 06, =>5 ;:, =;6

\alhbsab =7,:<> <=,==; <>,>6< 0<,>0= ;:, =;6

rmèar` 06, =>5 ;:, =;6

Nmrtkr =6,><7 >;, =78 >8,>85 ;6,07= ;:, =;6

^whtzkr =5,8>5 <=,87= <0,;08 <8,;=; >:,<=8

Patmc =86,8>6 <5;,<5: ><=,:8: 5>;,><= 56<,08<



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 0<

@. Zkrsabbkc

Zastimstkr fm` ba mutfarhty ta fhrk ar ehrk pmtrabmgk kipcaykks,- ae tfk =5:

Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks mppravk` ly tfk @kianrmthn Zkrsabbkc Naiihttkk, twamrk \kpulchnmb spabsark ,̀- hbtkrekrkbnk ly nkbmhb Ikilkrs aeehnks prkvkbtk`

mppraprhmtk pkrsabbkc mnthabs mb` ck` ta hbmppraprhmtk oa msshgbikbts

hbncu`hbg eubnthabmccy hcchtkrmtk pkrsabs smbhbg imhc mb` hb`hvhùmcs whtf ba

naiputkrs sdhccs wardhbg s systkis apkrmtars,- hbmlhchty ae imbmgkikbt ta tmdk

mppraprhmtk pkrsabbkc mnthabs mb` pachthnmc emvarhthsi nabtrhlutk` ta tfk

erustrmthab ae imby nmpmlck Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks.

Buikraus whtbkssks, hbncu`hbg Zastimstkr \atm, nhtk` imoar `kehnhkbnhks hb tfk wmy

kipcaykks wkrk fhrk`, `hsnhpchbk`, mb` suspkb`k` ar tkrihbmtk`. Lmshnmccy, Zastimstkr \atm

mb` tfk supkrvhsary stmee fm` chttck, he mby, nabtrac avkr tfkhr kipcaykks. Pa fhrk, tfkZastimstkr wauc` hbeari tfk @kianrmthn Zkrsabbkc Naiihttkk ms pashthabs lknmik mvmhcmlck.

Pfk Fausk Zastimstkr wauc` mwmht war` erai tfk @kianrmthn Zkrsabbkc Naiihttkk ab tfk

hb`hvhùmc skckntk` ear tfk pashthabs.

M stu`y nabùntk` hb =868 ly tfk @kianrmthn htmee ae tfk Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab

ûlnaiihttkk ab Zkrsabbkc mb` Zachnk, `ksnrhlk` vmrhaus pkrsabbkc mnthabs hb tfk Fausk

Zast Aeehnk shbnk =87<.

Hb =87<, tfk ykmr \alkrt \atm lknmik Fausk Zastimstkr, tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk fm` m

stmee ae 66 pkrsabs. @urhbg tfk eaccawhbg ykmrs, stmee grawtf hbnrkmsk` ms eaccaws?

XKM\

=87<

=870

=876

=86=

=86>

=860

=86;

=865

=868

=88:

=88=

ZK\IMBKBP ^PMEE

66 pashthabs

80 pashthabs

88 pashthabs

=:8 pashthabs

=:8 pashthabs

==< pashthabs

=<8 pashthabs

> pashthabs

; pashthabs

=;0 pashthabs

=5: pashthabs

MNPHAB^ PMDKB

\atm mppahbtk` Zastimstkr

shx sknurhty snmbbkrs wkrk m``k`

m``hthabmc ae ehvk imhc nckrds

=: imhc nckrd pashthabs m``k`

< tkiparmry imhc nckrds--8: `my mppts.

m`` tfrkk mìhbhstrmthvk stmee

7 tkiparmry imhc nckrds--5:-`my mppts.

< tkiparmry imhc nckrds--5:-`my mppts.

7 m``hthabmc pashthabs

twa m``hthabmc pashthabs

<: imhc nckrd pashthabs m``k` (=</68)

< tkip. (shx iabtf) imhc nckrds (</68)

0 tkip. (shx iabtf) imhc nckrds (;/68)

tfrkk imbmgkikbt pashthabs m``k`

<8 pashthabs rkncmsshehk` ta naipcy whtf Emhr

Cmlar ^tmb`mr`s rkquhrkikbts

shx bkw mìhbhstrmthvk pashthabs

>0 pashthabs rkncmsshehk` ta naipcy whtf Emhr

Cmlar ^tmb`mr`s rkquhrkikbts



Pmsd Earnk \kpartZmgk 0>

Hb =87< tfk mbbumc pmyracc nasts ae tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk wms mppraxhimtkcy

8=:,68;. Ly Ehsnmc Xkmr =88< tfk nast fm` rhskb ta >,8<:,5;;--m >>: pkrnkbt hbnrkmsk hb

smcmry nasts hb <: ykmrs.

Hb`hvhùmcs wkrk bat

msshgbk` tfksk pashthabs lmsk`

upab tfkhr kxpkrhkbnk ar

qumchehnmthabs. Pfk @kianrmthn

Zkrsabbkc Naiihttkk's `knhshabs

wkrk lmsk` ab Ikilkrs'

rkquksts ta mppahbt hb`hvhùmcs.

Wfhck tfk @kianrmthn

Zkrsabbkc Naiihttkk mppravk`

tfk pmtrabmgk rkquksts ae latf

@kianrmts mb` \kpulchnmbs, ae

tfk =5: hb`hvhùmcs kipcayk` ly

tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk hb =88=,

tfk Pmsd Earnk h`kbthehk` abcy

twa ms \kpulchnmb pmtrabmgk

mppahbtkks. Whcchk Lrmèar`,

@hrkntar ear Imhc Mnnaubtmlhchty,

wms mppravk` ly tfk @kianrmthn

Zkrsabbkc Naiihttkk hb Mugust

=88= ub`kr \kpulchnmb

spabsarsfhp. Pfk atfkr

\kpulchnmb mppahbtkk, Dkbbktf

Wmggabkr, fms lkkb wardhbg

whtf tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk shbnk

=86<.

Pfk iark pawkreuc tfk

Imy =0 =86;

Fabarmlck cic hchOc c c c c c c[.^. Fausk ae \kprk skb tm t hvksWmsfhbgtab @.N. <:;=;

@kmr Ir.

H mpprknhm tk yaur lr hbg hb h ta ihm t t k b t hab tfk hb tk rk s t ae Ih s s Occ

h hb sknur hbg m pas h t hab hb tfk Ae e h nka e t fk Zastimstkr . Ms m tfk pas h t habs

hb tfk Aeehnk ae tfk Zas tims tkr mrk

pmt rabmgk abks whtf apkbhbgs e h c c k ` lytfk @kianrmthn Zkrsabbkc Naiihttkk Hwauc` r k s p k n t e u c c y suggkst t fm t yau

nabtmn t tf ki nabnkrbhCg kipcayikbt ear

Ihss c c c c c c·H e H nmb lk ae eu r tfk r m ss h s tmbnk ta

yau whtf rkgmr` ta Ihss t p ckmsk à

bat fks h t m t k ta n m c c ik.

Whtf lks t whsfks H mi

^hbnkrk cy

\ALK\P U. \APM Zas tims tkr[.^. Fausk ae \kprkskbtmt hvks

Ckttkr erai Ir. \atm ta m Ikilkr kxpcmhbhbg tfk Zast Aeehnk

fhrhbg prankss kipfmshs m``k`)

pmtrab ar spabsar ae tfk hb`hvhùmc, tfk ckss nabtrac Zastimstkr \atm ar atfkrs wauc` fmvk

avkr tfk kipcaykk. Pfhs hbmlhchty ta mppahbt qumchehk` mb` naipktkbt hb`hvhùmcs m`vkrskcy

meekntk` mcc mrkms ae tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk. · t ckm` ta m cmnd ae praeksshabmchsi, hbkeehnhkbny,

hbnaipktkbny, mlusk ae ckmvk mb` mlskbtkkhsi mb` nabsh`krmlck erustrmthab miabg imby

nmpmlck kipcaykks skkdhbg ta m`vmbnk hb tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk.

^kvkrmc whtbkssks tksthehk` tfky wardk` fmr`, `h` tfkhr oal wkcc, mb` im`k pashthvk

nabtrhluthabs ta tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk, lut wkrk bkvkr ghvkb tfk nfmbnk ta mppcy ear



m`vmbnkikbt. Hbstkm`, fhgfkr

pashthabs wauc` lk ehcck` whtf bkw

kipcaykks ly tfk @kianrmthn

Zkrsabbkc Naiihttkk.@urhbg suiikr iabtfs,

tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk kxpkrhkbnk`

mb hbecux ae tkiparmry kipcaykks

tfraugf tfk pmtrabmgk systki.

Whtbkssks tksthehk` tfmt Fausk

Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks wfa fm`

annuphk` m pashthab ear khgft ar

bhbk iabtfs wkrk bathehk` tfmt

tfkhr pmtrabmgk wms kb`k`, tfusnrkmthbg m vmnmbny ta lk ehcck` ly

m suiikr fhrk. ûiikr fhrks

wkrk iast erkqukbtcy stu`kbts

wfa wkrk wardhbg ùrhbg tfkhr

suiikr vmnmthabs. ;=

Bkmrcy mcc trmhbhbg hb tfk

Fausk Zast Aeehnk wms ab tfk

oal trmhbhbg. Pfk hbecux ae

suiikr fhrks ikmbt tfmt tfknabthbuhbg ward earnk fm` ta

Fabarmlck Omnd LraadsNfmhrimb

@kianrmthn Zkrsabbkc Naiihttkk[.^. Fausk ae \kprkskb tm t hvks

Wmsfhbgtab @.N. <:;=;

@kmr Ir. Nfmhrimb?

H wauc` c h dk ta rknaiikb`

Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk

ear m pas h t hab hb tfk Aee hnk

ae t fk Zastimstkr . h s mfmr`-wardhbg h b` hv hùm c mb` wauc` lk mb m s s k t

ta t fk apkrm t habs ae tfk Aee hnk ae t fk

Zastimstkr .

H mi m t t mnf hbg m napy ae ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ·mpp c hnm t hab eari.

Pfmbd yau ear mby mss h s tmbnk yau nmbghvk ik hb t f h s imttkr

Whtf lks t whsfks H mi

^hbnkrkcy yaurs

Ikilkr ae Nabgrkss

Fausk Zast eehnk eari ckttkr ear m Ikilkr ta imdk m Fausk Zast

eehnk pmtrabmgk mppahbtikbt

pkreari tfkhr awb ward, ms wkcc ms ta trmhb tfk tkiparmry rkpcmnkikbts, nrkmthbg tfk bkk`

ear m ward earnk sulstmbthmccy cmrgkr hb shzk tfmb wauc` lk rkquhrk` ear m ward earnk whtf

ckss turbavkr.

; Ear kxmipck, hb =86> Zastimstkr \atm rkqukstk` <: tkiparmry imhc nckrd pashthabs ear up ta 8: `my

mppahbtikbts4 hb =860, >7 tkiparmry pashthabs ear 5: `my mppahbtikbts4 mb` hb =868, 5> tkiparmry pashthabs

ear up ta =< `my mppahbtikbts. ^kk chsthbg pmgk 0<.



=. Avkrthik

Pmsd Earnk \kpartZmgk 0;

ûlstmbthmc pmyikbts imy fmvk lkkb im`k ar avkrthik faurs tfmt wkrk

bat wardk`4 cmnd a naipcktk mnnaubthbg hbearimthab prkvkbts m

`ktkrihbmthab a mntumc avkrthik nasts mb` eurtfkr hbvksthgmthab hs

bknkssmry ta `ktkrihbk tfk kxtkbt a mcsk ar ermuùckbt usk a avkrthik

mb` naipkbsmtary thik ly tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk

Hb =88=, Fausk Zast Aeehnk imbmgkikbt nkrthehk` =6,05: avkrthik faurs mt mb

ksthimtk` nast a =7:,>8:. ;< M rkvhkw a tfk usk a avkrthik mb` rkcmtk` naipkbsmtary

thik sfawk` skvkrmc quksthabmlck nkrthehnmthabs a avkrthik mppravk` ly tfk Zastimstkr.

Pfksk hbncu`k?

m Pfk mwmr` , ly tfk Zastimstkr, a avkrthik faurs hb chku a m iabktmry mwmr`

hb suppart a tfk Kipcaykk ûggksthab Zragrmi. ;>

l Pfk mwmr` a avkrthik ta rkhilursk kipcaykks ear kxpkbsk hbnurrk` ab

aeehnhmc ùty sunf ms? ;0

a Iktra emrksa Gmsachbk ear prhvmtk vkfhncks usk` ab aeehnhmc lushbkssa Umcuk a ncatfhbg `mimgk` ùrhbg aeehnhmc mnthvhthks.

Pfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk usk` avkrthik pmyikbts ta suppckikbt tfk lmshn naipkbsmthaba kipcaykks ear rkmsabs a msshgbikbt, qumchty a ward ar passhlck emvarhthsi. ^kckntk`

kxmipcks a tfhs prmnthnk hbncu`k?

a Pfk rauthbk mwmr` a tfrkk faurs a avkrthik `mhcy ta mb kipcaykk msshgbk` ta

spknhmc naurhkr ùty.

a Pfk rknar`k` mccanmthab a alchgmtk` lcands a avkrthik faurs ta skckntk`kipcaykks ear m tfrkk iabtf pkrha` hb m`vmbnk. ;;

;< Pfk ksthimtk wms `ktkrihbk` erai Fausk Zast Aeehnk iabtfcy rknar`s a avkrthik. Pfk tatmc faurs

wkrk iucthpchk` ly tfk avkrthik pmyikbt rmtk a 8.<>/fr.

;> ^kk Kx. >>, Kipcaykk ûggksthabs mb` \kcmtk` Fausk Uaunfkrs, Imrnf 7-<<, =866. Ear kxmipck,

Zastimstkr \atm mwmr`k` m <; faur avkrthik vaunfkr ta mb kipcaykk suggksthab.

; @kianrmthn stmee hbvksthgmthab hbtkrvhkw suiimrhks mb` Pmsd Earnk stmee hbtkrvhkws.

Kx. >0, Fausk Zast Aeehnk \knar`s a Avkrthik Mccanmthab.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 5

Pfk Zastimstkr's pachny ae mccawhbg supkrvhsars mt mby ckvkc (hbncu`hbg mnthbg

supkrvhsars) ta mutfarhzk avkrthik ear ubht kipcaykks, hbncu`hbg tfkiskcvks, whtf chttck ar ba

imbmgkikbt avkrshgft ar nabtrac, ck` ta ihsusk, mlusk ar ub`ktkntk` krrars hb avkrthikrknar`s. Ear kxmipck?

m Abk kipcaykk, Okrry Nmrtkr, @hrkntar ae Prmbspartmthab, mnnuiucmtk`, ly fhs

awb mutfarhzmthab, <, 7:5 faurs ae naipkbsmtary thik ear tkb iabtfs lktwkkb

Oubk =6, =88= mb` Imy =, =88<.

l M chihtk` rkvhkw ae kipcayikbt rknar`s ae kipcaykks msshgbk` ta tfk Kmrcy

Iarbhbg ^fhet erai Imy <>, =88= ta Oucy >, =88= `hsncasks 0: hbstmbnks

wfkrk tfk supkrvhsar rkpartk` avkrthik wardk` ly kipcaykks tfmt wms batsuppartk` ly mby thik nmr` kbtrhks. 5

n) Abk supkrvhsar stmtk` tfmt fk wms hbstruntk` ly fhs supkrhar ta rkpart avkrthik

ear nkrtmhb kipcaykks ub`kr fhs supkrvhshab. Pfhs wms `abk kvkb tfaugf fk

fm` ba dbawck`gk ae mby avkrthik ward pkrearik` ly tfk kipcaykk.

Nkrtmhb pachnhks ae tfk Zastimstkr rkcmthbg ta naipkbsmtary thik mb` ward faurs

nabtrhlutk` ta tfk ksnmcmthab ae tfk bkk` ear avkrthik.

Naipkbsmtary thik, hb chku ae avkrthik pmyikbts, hs imb`mtary ear kipcaykks mlavkF^ Ckvkc > mb` apthabmc ear F^ Ckvkc > mb` ub`kr. Naipkbsmtary thik hs rk`kkimlck mt ==

<

thiks tfk mntumc faurs kmrbk`. Kipcaykks fmvk tfk apthab ear tfhs thik ta lk nrk`htk` ta

khtfkr mbbumc ar shnd ckmvk. Pfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk kstmlchsfk` ba chiht ab tfk builkr ae

naipkbsmtary ckmvk faurs tfmt kipcaykks nmb mnnuiucmtk ar nmrry avkr ta tfk eaccawhbg ykmr.

Pfhs lkbkeht, wfkb m``k` ta tfk lmshn mnnuiucmthab ae rkgucmr, mbbumc mb` shnd ckmvk, nrkmtks

mb kxnkk`hbgcy cmrgk ckmvk rmtha tfraugfaut tfk ward earnk. Pfk rksuct ae tfhs pachny hs

sfawb hb mb mbmcyshs ae ckmvk/avkrthik usmgk ab Eklrumry =:, =88<, wfhnf sfaws <8 pkrnkbt

ae msshgbk` kipcaykks ab ckmvk mb` <;.6 pkrnkbt wardhbg avkrthik. ;7

Pfkrk wms ba stmb`mr` prankss ear rkparthbg naipkbsmtary thik. @kehnhkbt rknar`hbg

ae naipkbsmtary thik usk mb` mnnrumc rksuctk` hb m cass ae imbmgkikbt hbearimthab mlaut

o Kx . >7. Eklrumry <5, =88< rkpart ae ==?:: pi ta 7?:: mi ae `hsnrkpmbnhks lktwkkb `mhcy thik rkparts

mb` thik nmr`s.

7 Kx. >7, Pmsd Earnk @rmet Avkrthik/Ckmvk ^uiimry, Eklrumry =:, =88<.




ward mb` ckmvk faurs. Naipkbsmtary ckmvk thik nrk`htk`, mctfaugf m `hrknt rksuct a

avkrthik wardk`, hs bat rkpartk` ms avkrthik ar `hrknt naipkbsmthab ear tfk pkrha` kmrbk`.

Pfk ucthimtk alchgmthab a tfhs thik hs khtfkr ms mbbumc ar shnd ckmvk, mt tfk apthab a tfkkipcaykk wfkb tfk ckmvk hs tmdkb.

b upwmr` prkssurk ab Fausk Zast Aeehnk avkrthik nasts wms kxkrtk` ly tfk pachny a

mb khgft-faur ward `my wfhnf hbncu`k` m abk faur pmh̀ cubnf pkrha`. Pfhs pachny rkùnk`

tfk praùnthvk thik ta skvkb faurs pkr khgft faurs pmh`. Imby kipcaykks wauc` ckmvk metkr

skvkb faurs lknmusk tfky h̀` bat tmdk m cubnf lrkmd. Pfk rksuct hs m `hrknt cass a ehvk faurs

pkr kipcaykk pkr wkkd. Zralckis nrkmtk` ly tfhs sfartkbk` ward`my wkrk pmrthnucmrcy

bathnkmlck hb tfk stmip naubtkr skrvhnk mb` nkrtmhb imhc pranksshbg pashthabs. Pfksk

pashthabs rkquhrk` avkrthik pmyikbts oust ta ikkt lmshn faurs a skrvhnk.

Pfk pachny a khgft faurs pmy ear skvkb faurs ward fms lkkb m``rkssk` ly MnthbgZastimstkr ^fhbmy. Kipcaykks baw put hb mb khgft faur ward `my. Pfk rksucthbg hbnrkmsk

hb praùnthvhty fms pkrihttk` m rkargmbhzmthab a tfk imhc sarthbg apkrmthab ta kchihbmtk tfk

avkrbhgft imhc sfhet mb` >: imhc nckrd pashthabs. Mctfaugf tfk keeknt a tfhs nfmbgk ab

avkrthik nasts hs bat ykt nabehrik`, tfk rkùnthab a pashthabs ùk ta avkr stmeehbg sfauc`

rksuct hb m smvhbgs a mt ckmst $0;:,::: mbbumccy.

<. Gfast Kipcaykks

fk Pmsd Earnk hbvksthgmtk` rkpabs a Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks

wfa wkrk pmh` ar ward bat pkrearik` ar thik tfky wkrk bat prkskbtNabsh`krmlck mttkbthab wms ghvkb ly tfk Pmsd Earnk ta tfk hssuk a sa-nmcck` gfast

kipcaykks, h.k. tfk kxhstkbnk a ba-sfaw kipcaykks. Buikraus whtbkssks hbtkrvhkwk` ly

tfk Pmsd Earnk rmhsk` mb` apkbcy `hsnussk` tfkhr nabnkrbs mlaut nkrtmhb kipcaykks mb` tfkhr

lkchke tfmt tfky wkrk pmh` ear ward bat pkrearik` ar thik wfkb tfky wkrk bat prkskbt.

Pfk Pmsd Earnk, metkr rkvhkw a tksthiaby mb` m``hthabmc hbearimthab altmhbk` erai

Zastimstkr ^fhbmy, fms bat h`kbthehk` mby bmiks ab tfk stmee rastkr tfmt mrk emcsk ar emdk

h`kbththks ùrhbg tfk thik navkrk` ly tfhs hbvksthgmthab.

Fawkvkr, shgbhehnmbt tksthiaby wms altmhbk` tfmt suggksts tfmt saik ekw kipcaykks

imy fmvk lkkb pmh` ear thik mb` ward tfky `h` bat à hb tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk. Pwahb`hvhùmcs wkrk rkpkmtk`cy rkpartk` ta tfk Pmsd Earnk ms emcchbg hbta tfk ba-sfaw

nmtkgary. Pfky wkrk? Awkb Imrcky (Msshstmbt @hrkntar ear ^knurhty, $<>,:<7.:: mbbumccy),

mb` Ckk Fkm` ($<:,55;.:: mbbumccy).

Pfksk hb`hvhùmcs wkrk mlskbt erai tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk m shgbhehnmbt miaubt a

thik, mnnar`hbg ta tfkhr nawardkrs4 bkhtfkr, fawkvkr, wms àndk` pmy. kk Fkm` wms

rknkbtcy tkrihbmtk` ly Zastimstkr ^fhbmy. @urhbg Zastimstkr ^fhbmy's tkburk, Awkb Imrcky

fms lkkb prkskbt hb tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk pkrearihbg msshgbk` ùthks.



K. @rug Mcckgmthabs

Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 06

Mcckgk` hcckgmc `rug mnthvhty hb tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk hs ub`kr hbvksthgmthab y

tfk Nmphtac Zachnk mb` tfk @AH.Mcckgk` hcckgmc `rug mnthvhty hb tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk hs ub`kr hbvksthgmthab ly tfk

Nmphtac Zachnk mb` tfk @AO. Pfk Pmsd Earnk hbvksthgmthab hb tfhs mrkm wms chihtk`, lknmusk

ae tfk abgahbg nrhihbmc hbvksthgmthab ae tfk @AO mb` tfk Nmphtac Zachnk, wfa mrk iark

prapkrcy kquhppk` ta hbvksthgmtk nrhihbmc mnthvhthks. Ms ae tfk `mtk ae tfhs rkpart, earikr

Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks Bhdh \hskbfaavkr mb` Wkb`kcc Imgru`kr fmvk lkkb hb`hntk`

ear r̀ug rkcmtk` aeekbsks. Kmnf fms kbtkrk` hbta m pckm mgrkkikbt whtf tfk [.^. Mttarbky.

Pfk Pmsd Earnk hbquhry hs chihtk` ta? = faw wh`ksprkm` wms tfk pralcki ae `rug usk

mb` smcks4 < rkspabsk ly imbmgkikbt ta rkparts ae `rug usk mb` `rug pmrmpfkrbmchm `hsnavkr

hb tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk4 >) imbmgkikbt's hipckikbtmthab ae tfk Nmphtac Fhcc `rug pachny4mb` 0) tfk keeknthvkbkss ae tfk Nmphtac Fhcc `rug pachny mb` rkfmlhchtmthab skrvhnks mvmhcmlck ta

kipcaykks.

Pfk Pmsd Earnk `ktkrihbk` tfkrk wms chttck, he mby, hipckikbtmthab ae nurrkbt Nmphtac

Fhcc `rug pachny ar mby pragrmi ae k`unmthab mb` rkfmlhchtmthab. Whtbkssks naipcmhbk` mlaut

cmnd ae rkspabsk ta rkpartk` `rug usk mb` `rug pmrmpfkrbmchm. Naipcmhbts ly twa ekimck

kipcaykks wfa rknkhvk` `hrknt tfrkmts ae pfyshnmc fmri ta tfki mb` tfkhr emihchks ms m rksuct

ae rkparthbg mcckgk` `rug usk mb` smcks wkrk hgbark`. Pfhs imttkr wms bat rksacvk` ubthc tfk

naipcmhbts wkrk lraugft ta tfk mttkbthab ae tfk Pmsd Earnk.

E. ^pknhmc Zast Aeehnk ^krvhnks

=. fknd Nmsfhbg

Fausk Zast Aeehnk nfknd nmsfhbg pachny pkrihttk` nkbmhb Ikilkrs

callyhsts stmee mb` Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks ta nmsf pkrsabmc nfknds4

pkrsabmc nfknds wkrk nmsfk` lut bat `kpashtk` ar skvkrmc wkkds.

Mctfaugf [^Z^ \kgucmthabs prafhlht tfk mnnkptmbnk ae pkrsabmc nfknds ear atfkr tfmb

tfk emnk miaubt ae purnfmsk,;6 tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk nmsfk` pkrsabmc mb` pmyracc nfknds he

m nustaikr prkskbtk` prapkr h`kbthehnmthab. Zrhar ta ^kptkilkr =88=, tfkrk wms ba kvh`kbnk

ae m stmb`mr` pachny ear nmsfhbg nfknds hb tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk. M wrhttkb pachny wms

hbsthtutk` ly Zastimstkr \atm, ms m rksuct ae tfk Oucy =88= mu`ht rknaiikb`mthab ly tfk

[^ZH^ tfmt mcc stmip naubtkr nckrds hbncu`k h`kbthehnmthab ae mnnkpthbg kipcaykk, rkstrhnthvk

;6 Kx. <8, ^kn. >==.=<, [^Z^ Fmb`laad E-=, Zast Aeehnk Mnnaubthbg Zrank`urks, Mprhc =88=. Zastmc

Fmb`laad Ec ^knthab 0>; chihts tfk rktkbthab ae nmsf avkrbhgft ly kmnf nckrd ta ba iark tfmb $=::.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 8

kbàrskikbt, mb` raub` `mthbg mt tfk thik ae mnnkptmbnk . ;8 Fawkvkr, ùrhbg hbtkrvhkws

whtf tfk Pmsd Earnk, skvkrmc kipcaykks `h` bat fmvk m nckmr ub`krstmb`hbg ae tfk nurrkbt

pachny.

@uk ta tfk cmnd ae stmb`mr` pachny, nfknd mnnkptmbnk mb` nmsfhbg prmnthnks vmrhk`

miabg naubtkr nckrds. Zkrsabmc nfknds, nmipmhgb naiihttkk nfknds, nmsf mb` vaunfkrs

wkrk mnnkptk` ms pmyikbt ear Zastmc nfmrgks mb` skrvhnks ms cabg ms tfk hb`hvhùmc fm` m

Fausk kipcaykk h`kbthehnmthab nmr`. Pfk Pmsd Earnk mcsa rknkhvk` tksthiaby tfmt pkrsabmc

nfknds mb` pmyracc nfknds wkrk lkhbg nmsfk .̀ Buikraus Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks

stmtk` tfky fm` rknkhvk` nmsf ear pkrsabmc ar pmyracc nfknds erai tfk stmip naubtkr nckrds

mb` tfmt nfknds wkrk fkc` ear nkrtmhb Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks.

[^Z^ \kgucmthabs stmtk tfmt pkrsabmc nfknds imy lk mnnkptk` ms pmyikbt ear mcc

Zastmc nfmrgks mb` skrvhnks kxnkpt iabky ar`krs mb` NA@'s. [^Z^ Fmb`laad Ec mcsa

stmtks tfmt Prkmsury nfknds imy lk nmsfk` pravh`k` sueehnhkbt eub`s mrk mvmhcmlck.

Zastimstkrs mrk bat mutfarhzk` ta whtffac`, ear tfk purpask ae nmsfhbg Prkmsury nfknds,

eub`s tfmt sfauc` lk `kpashtk` . ^KN =0>.== Ec eurtfkr stmtks tfmt Zastmc eub`s nmbbat lk

usk` ta nmsf pkrsabmc nfknds.

Ehb`hbgs ae tfk ^kptkilkr 88 mu`ht naipcktk` ly tfk [^ZH^ mcsa hb`hnmtk` tfmt

`kpashts wkrk bat im`k ab m erkqukbt lmshs, tfus hbnrkmshbg tfk passhlhchty ae kxnksshvk eub`s

lkhbg fkc`. Wfkb tfk Nmphtac Zachnk hbvksthgmtk` K`wmr` Zaguk, tfky eaub` mb ub`mtk` mb`

ubkbàrsk` pkrsabmc nfknd erai Okrry Nmrtkr, @hrkntar ae Prmbspartmthab, ear $;::.::. Ir.

Nmrtkr's nfknd imy lk mb hb`hnmthab ae mb ubmutfarhzk` camb im`k erai tfk stmip naubtkr

mnnaubtmlhchty.

Kmnf iabtf tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk wauc` rknkhvk m chsthbg erai tfk [^Z^ ae

hb`hvhùmcs tfmt fm` laubnk` nfknds hb tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk, sa tfmt he mb kipcaykk kvkr

laubnk` m nfknd, fk ar sfk wauc` bat lk mccawk` ta nmsf mbatfkr. 5:

8 ^kk Kx. <6, p. 5.

:: Zmuc Cazhta tksthiaby, >/<>/8<.



<. Zast Aeehnk Lax ^krvhnk

Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk ;

Fausk Zast Aeehnk naurhkrs nacckntk` nmipmhgb imhc erai Lrkbtwaa`

Zast Aeehnk laxks ar m builkr a Ikilkrs mb` atfkrs mb` `kchvkrk`tfk imhc ta Nabgrksshabmc aeehnks.

Pfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk skrvhnk` [^Z^ Zast Aeehnk laxks ear tfk nmipmhgb naiihttkks

ae nkrtmhb Ikilkrs mt tfk Lrkbtwaa` Zast Aeehnk emnhchty, gkbkrmccy wfkb rkqukstk` ly tfksk

Ikilkrs. Pfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk msshstk` saik Ikilkrs hb sktthbg up tfk Zast Aeehnk

laxks, mb` tfk pmsspart naurhkrs wauc` rkgucmrcy phnd up tfk imhc erai tfk Zast Aeehnk laxks

mb` lrhbg ht lmnd ta tfk Fausk, lypmsshbg tfk V-rmy sknurhty snmbbkrs usk` ta kxmihbk mcc

hbnaihbg imhc. Pfk imhc wms tfkb `kchvkrk` `hrkntcy ta tfk Ikilkr s aeehnk.

Zastimstkr \atm tksthehk` tfmt tfk prmnthnk lkgmb m ekw ykmrs metkr fk lknmik

Zastimstkr, mppraxhimtkcy tfk ih` - =87: s, wfkb \kp. Ermbd Mbbubzha wms tfk Nfmhrimbae tfk ûlnaiihttkk ab Zkrsabbkc mb` Zachnk. 5= Zastimstkr \atm stmtk` tfmt @mvh`

^fmrimb, tfkb stmee `hrkntar ae tfk ûlnaiihttkk, lknmik nabnkrbk` tfmt nmipmhgb nfknds

wkrk lkhbg imhck` ta Fausk aeehnks. Ir. ^fmrimb suggkstk` tfmt Zastimstkr \atm sfauc` skt

up Zast Aeehnk laxks mt tfk Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. Imhb Zast Aeehnk mt [bhab ^tmthab, phnd up

tfk imhc hb tfask Zast Aeehnk laxks mb` bathey tfk Ikilkr s aeehnk. 5< Pfk Zast Aeehnk

laxks wkrk kvkbtumccy iavk` ta tfk Lrkbtwaa` Zast Aeehnk wfkb tfk [bhab ^tmthab Zast

Aeehnk wms ncask`.

Pfk prmnthnk ae imhbtmhbhbg Zast Aeehnk laxks ear Ikilkrs nmipmhgb naiihttkks fms

nabthbuk` avkr tfk ykmrs. ar kxmipck, Oaskpf Grhiks, \kp. Imry \ask @mdmr s ^tmee@hrkntar ae tfk ûlnaiihttkk, smh` fk ub`krstaa` tfmt tfk prmnthnk wms hbfkrhtk` erai tfk

prkvhaus ^tmee @hrkntar. Ir. Grhiks smh` tfmt fk im`k mrrmbgkikbts ta rkbkw tfk Zast

Aeehnk lax ear \kp. Amdmr mb` tfmt tfk rkbtmc ekk wms pmh` ear whtf m nfknd erai tfk Amdmr

nmipmhgb naiihttkk. ^hihcmrcy, Grmnk Wmtkrs ae \kp. Imvraucks stmee smh` tfmt m Zast

Aeehnk lax kxhstk` wfkb sfk lknmik rkspabshlck ear fkr aeehnk .

@urhbg hbtkrvhkws whtf tfk Pmsd Earnk, skvkrmc nurrkbt Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks

tksthehk` tfmt tfky wkrk sthcc imhbtmhbk` hbta kmrcy =88<. Pfk pmsspart naurhkrs wkrk `hrkntk`

ta phnd up tfk imhc erai tfk Zast Aeehnk laxks abnk ar twhnk m wkkd, usumccy ly Oambbm

A \aurdk. Omy Okbdhbs, m pmsspart naurhkr, stmtk` tfmt aetkb m Ikilkr s stmee wauc` nmcc tanfknd ta skk he tfk Zast Aeehnk lax fm` lkkb kipthk` wfkb tfk Ikilkr wms fmvhbg m eub`

rmhskr, mb` fk wms saikthiks msdk` ly Oambbm A \aurdk ta nfknd tfk Zast Aeehnk lax kvkry

5 \atm tksthiaby, p. ==6.

5< \atm tksthiaby, pg. =<=.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk ;=

`my. 5> Fausk Zast Aeehnk pkrsabbkc dkpt tfk dkys ta Zast Aeehnk laxks ab m rhbg hb m `ksd

`rmwkr mb` wfakvkr kipthk` tfk laxks ab m ghvkb `my wauc` tmdk tfk rhbg a dkys.

Grhee Whcchmis batk` tfmt tfk Zast Aeehnk laxks wauc` lk pmrthnucmrcy eucc wfkb tfk

Ikilkr wauc` lk fmvhbg m eub` rmhskr. Mctfaugf tfk Zast Aeehnk vkfhncks aetkb trmvkck` ta

Lrkbtwaa` ta rkpckbhsf stmip suppchks, tfk naurhkrs rkpartk` tfmt skrvhnhbg tfk Zast Aeehnk

laxks aetkb rkquhrk` mb kxtrm trhp. Hb`kk`, abk naurhkr, Ir. Whcchmis, rkeusk` ta nabthbuk

phndhbg up tfk imhc erai tfk Zast Aeehnk laxks, abnk fk `hsnavkrk` tfk Zast Aeehnk laxks

wkrk nmipmhgb arhkbtk`.

Oaskpf Grhiks mb` Bmbny

Nacchbs latf stmtk` tfmt tfky

lkchkvk tfky fm` lkkb tac` tfmt tfk

Naiihttkk ab ^tmb`mr`s a

Aeehnhmc Nab`unt fm` lkkb

nabsuctk` ab tfk praprhkty a

imhbtmhbhbg tfk Zast Aeehnk laxks.

Pfk Pmsd Earnk 3.. ^dk` tfk

Naiihttkk ab ^tmb`mr`s ta

`ktkrihbk h ht fm` m``rkssk` tfk

hssuk. Pfk Naiihttkk rkpchk` tfmt

ht fm` ba rknar` a m rkqukst

rkgmr`hbg tfhs skrvhnk ear tfk

pkrha` lktwkkb =865 mb` =88=. 50

Zastimstkr \atm ksthimtk`

tfmt ms imby ms <; sunf Zast

Aeehnk laxks nauc` fmvk kxhstk`

avkr tfk ykmrs. Oaskpf Grhiks

smh` tfmt fk fm` fkmr` tfkrk wkrk

`azkbs. Hb Imrnf, =88<, tfk

naurhkrs stmtk` tfmt tfky wkrk

Pfk eaccawhbg mrk Z.A. Laxks mt tfk Imhb Zast Aeehnk wfhnf wk mrk

rkspabshlck ear phndhbg up mb` `kchvkrhbg ta tfk Nabgrkssi mb s Aeehnk ?

Z.A . Lax Nabgrkssimb Nabtmnt Zkrsab \aai

Lrkbtwaa`?

8:=67 Ekr`bmb` ^t Gkrimhb Okmb Oabks <=:6

8:5>5 Imry \ask Amdmr Oak Grhiks <<>=

8:5<< \mcpf Wkcnf B/M Fk phnds up

8:;>5 ^miukc ^trmttab Imry Ckschk <<:;

8:50< Bhnfacms Imvraucks <0><

8:<:0 Imrha Lhmggh Iaym Lkbaht <0<6

8:50> Lal Fmihctab B/M Fk pds up

[bhab ^tmthab

<=58 Mikrhnmb Ckm`krs Eub` Nfmrch k Ikcca`y ar

Prhsf Bkcsab F-= ;7

<870 Omb Ikykrs Ihdk Iurrmy >=;

Pfhs Fausk Zast Aeehnk ikia `mtks erai =866 ar lkeark ms \kps

^t. Gkrimhb ^trmt tab mb` Lhmggh wkrk bat Ikilkrs metkr =866,

mb` \kp. Omb Ikykrs `hsnabthbuk` fkr Z.A. lax hb Antalkr =866.

skrvhnhbg Zast Aeehnk laxks ear \kp. Bhnfacms Imvraucks, \kp. @kbbhs I. Fkrtkc, \kp.

Imry \ask Amdmr, \kp. Ohi Iaa`y, mb` \kp. K`wmr` E. Ekhgfmb. 5; [^Z^ rknkhpts mb`

5> Okbdhbs tksthiaby, Imrnf <0, =88<.

50 Kx. >8, Pmsd Earnk ta Ktfhns Naiihttkk Ckttkr, Oubk 6, =88<4 Ktfhns Naiihttkk ta Pmsd Earnk Ckttkr,

Oubk =; =88<.

5 Whcchmis tksthiaby, Imrnf =8, =88<, mb` Okbdhbs tksthiaby, Imrnf <0, =88<.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk ;<

ànuikbts rktmhbk` y tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk rknar`k` Zast Aeehnk laxks mt Lrkbtwaa` Zast

Aeehnk fkc` y \kp. Imrha Lhmggh, \kp. K`wmr` E Ekhgfmb, \kp. @kbbhs Fkrtkc, \kp.Bhnfacms Imvraucks, \kp. Ohi Iaa`y, \kp. Imry \ask Amdmr, \kp. Ekrbmb` ^t. Gkbbmhb,

\kp. ^miukc ^trmttab, Lal Fmihctab, \mcpf Wkcnf mb` Zktkr Mlmhr. [^Z^ rknkhpts mb`

ànuikbts rktmhbk` ly tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk rknar`k` Zast Aeehnk laxks mt [bhab ^tmthab ear

tfk Mikrhnmb Ckm`krs Eub` (m ckm`krsfhp ZMN rkpartk`cy nabtracck` ly \kp. @mb

· \astkbdawsdh) mb` \kp. Omb Ikykrs.

Ek`krmc nrhihbmc cmw, 57 stmtks tfmt nmipmhgb nabtrhluthabs imy bat lk rknkhvk` hb

mby raai ar luhc`hbg annuphk` hb tfk `hsnfmrgk ae aeehnhmc ùthks. Fawkvkr, ht hs tfk vhkw

ae tfk Pmsd Earnk tfmt shipcy rkbthbg m [.^. Zast Aeehnk lax ear nmipmhgb imhc hs bat m

vhacmthab. Pfk Zast Aeehnk laxks imy lknaik m nabnkrb wfkb Fausk kipcaykks mrk uthchzk`ta skrvhnk tfk nmipmhgb Zast Aeehnk laxks.

>. Zmsspart ^krvhnk

Naurhkrs pravh`k skr vhnk ear earkhgb trmvkc vhsms mb` [.̂ . pmsspabs ta

Ikilkrs stmee mb` nabsthtukbts4 naurhkrs pravh`k trmbspabmthab t mb`

erai tfk pmsspab aeehnk.

Pfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk pmsspart skrvhnk, wfhnf hs nurrkbtcy stmeek` ly twa kipcaykks,

msshsts Ikilkrs, Ikilkrs' emihchks, Fausk stmee mb` nabsthtukbts hb altmhbhbg pmssparts mb`

vhsms ear avkrskms trmvkc. [pab rkqukst, tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk pravh`ks tfk bknkssmry eabbs

mb` hbstrunthabs ear tfk mppchnmbt. Pfhs skrvhnk wms pravh`k` hb naboubnthab whtf tfk ^tmtk

@kpmrtikbt Nabgrksshabmc Chmhsab aeehnk. Ikilkrs nauc` ckmrb mlaut tfk skrvhnk tfraugf m

@kmr Nacckmguk ckttkr mb` tfk Nabgrksshabmc Fmb`laad.

Pfk mppchnmthabs mrk nacckntk` mb` tmdkb ta tfk Zmsspart Aeehnk `mhcy mt <?:: pi. e ht

hs bknkssmry ear tfk mppchnmbt ta mppkmr hb pkrsab mt tfk Zmsspart Aeehnk, trmbspartmthab hs

pravh`k` ly aeehnhmc vkfhncks. Naipcktk` pmssparts mb` vhsms mrk rkturbk` ear `kchvkry ta tfk

rkquksthbg aeehnk ar phnd up mt tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk. Pfk naurhkr skrvhnk wauc` mcsa phnd

up rkquksts rkcmtk` ta bab-aeehnhmc lushbkss he m ckttkr wms sulihttk` ta tfk Zastimstkr. Pfk

`mhcy snfkùck mcsa hbncu`ks mb == ?:: mi rub ta tfk kilmsshks whtf Ikilkrs' earis ear vhsm

mppchnmthabs.

Pfk skrvhnk hs erkqukbtcy fkcpeuc ta tfk Earkhgb Meemhrs Naiihttkk ikilkrs. 56

\ Lmdkr, Pfk Bkw Emt Nmts M Pwkbthktf Nkbtury Eub` Zmpkr, =868, p 76.

57 Kx. 0:, =6 [.^.N. § 5:7. Pfkrk mrk ba rkpartk` naurt `knhshabs hbtkrprkthbg tfhs sknthab. ^kk mcsa, [.^ .

Fausk ae \kprkskbtmthvks, Fausk Ktfhns Imbumc, =88<, p <6;.

6 em 0<. Fausk Zast Aeehnk Zmsspart mb` Uhsm ^krvhnk \kpart, T 88:.



0. Prmbspartmthab Ear Bab-aeehnhmc Lushbkss

Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk ;>

Zkrsabmc tr bspab thab wms pravh`k` ta saik Ikilkrs mb` tfkhr stmee

nkb hb earikr Ikilkrs mb` Fausk Zast Aeehnk st ee hb Zast Aeehnk

vkfhncks.

Pfk Pmsd Earnk eaub` kvh`kbnk tfmt tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk vkfhncks wkrk mcsa usk`

ear bab-aeehnhmc lushbkss. Pfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk usk` twa vkfhncks, m GIN ûlurlmb mb` m

vmb usk` ear tfk pmsspart naurhkrs mb` atfkr `kchvkrhks. Pfk vkfhncks wkrk rkpartk` ta fmvk

lkkb usk` ta `rhvk nkrtmhb Ikilkrs, earikr Ikilkrs mb` callyhsts ta tfk mhrpart, wfkb

rkqukstk` ly tfk uskr. 58 Naurhkrs stmtk` tfky wkrk aetkb msdk` ly Okrry Nmrtkr mb` Oambbm

A'\aurdk ta `rap a pmndmgks bat rkcmtk` ta mby aeehnhmc ùty mt vmrhaus `ksthbmthabs hb tfk

nhty.

Fausk Zast Aeehnk stmee stmtk` tfmt m cag a ihcks ab tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk vkfhncks

fm` lkkb imhbtmhbk` shbnk =868. Fawkvkr, tfk abcy cag laad altmhbk` ly tfk Pmsd Earnk

nabtmhbk` m rknar` a ihckmgk erai Bavkilkr ;, =88:, ta Imy <>, =88=, mb` `h` bat rknar`

`ksthbmthab.

Zastimstkr \atm mb` Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks stmtk` tfmt tfk @hrkntar a

Prmbspartmthab, Okrry Nmrtkr, wms Zastimstkr \atm's pkrsabmc `rhvkr. Ir. Nmrtkr wauc`

`rhvk Zastimstkr \atm ta vmrhaus ikkthbgs mb` eubnthabs, hbncu`hbg metkr faurs rknkpthabs mb`

eub` rmhskrs. Ir. Nmrtkr mb` atfkr `rhvkrs mcsa `ravk spknhmc krrmb`s mt tfk rkqukst a

Zastimstkr \atm mb` erkqukbtcy `ravk àwbtawb ta phnd up Ir. \atm's cubnf. Abk `rhvkr

stmtk` fk phndk` up chquar erai khtfkr tfk Htmchmb Kilmssy ar m Ir. âcaibk mt tfk Bmthabmc

Mikrhnmb Htmchmb Eaub`mthab. Pfk chquar wauc` lk `kchvkrk` ta khtfkr Zastimstkr \atm's

aeehnk ar sfuttck` erai tfk Htmchmb Kilmssy ta Ir. âcaibk.

@anuikbts erai Okrry Nmrtkr's ehcks suggkstk` atfkr bab-aeehnhmc krrmb`s tfmt imy

fmvk lkkb pkrearik` ly Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks. Okrry Nmrtkr wms gkbkrmccy bat

naapkrmthvk whtf tfk Pmsd Earnk mb` tfk Pmsd Earnk fkmr` ba `hrknt tksthiaby nabnkrbhbg

wfa `hrkntk` Okrry Nmrtkr ta imdk tfksk krrmb`s. Pfk Pmsd Earnk shipcy fms naphks a batks

a hbstrunthabs ear Okrry Nmrtkr ta pkreari twa krrmb`s. 7:

Hb tfk ehrst hbstrunthab batk, Okrry Nmrtkr hs `hrkntk` ta imdk m `kchvkry ta Emccs

Nfurnf, Uhrghbhm, mb` phnd up m nfknd im`k aut ta Uhrghbhm Ecktnfkr, < \mylurb

Luhc̀ hbg, Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. <:;=;.

58 Whcchmis, \atm tksthiaby, pg. ==7.

7 Kx. 05, Hbstrunthabs mb` `hrknthabs ta Okrry Nmrtkr ear pkrsabmc krrmb`s mb` `kchvkrhks.



Pmsd Earnk \kpartZmgk ;0

Hb tfk sknab` hbstrunthab batk, Okrry Nmrtkr hs ta `kchvkr m `rkss ta ûsmb Gkhgkr,

Mttarbky, Cmw Ehri ae? Zrkstab, Pfargrhisab, Kcchs mb` Facimb, =7>; Bkw Xard Mvkbuk,ûhtk ;::. 88 Wmsfhbgtab \kprkskbtmthvks h`kbthehks ûsmb Gkhgkr ms m rkghstkrk` [.^.

Nabgrkss callyhst. Ab Oubk =>, =88<, Nabgrksshabmc ]umrtkrcy rkpartk` tfmt Uhrghbhm

Ecktnfkr m tap mh`k ta Wmys mb` Ikmbs Nfmhrimb @mb \astkbdawsdh fms kmrbk` mciast

$=::,::: avkr tfk pmst ehvk ykmrs ly skcchbg ncatfhbg ta waikb, hbncu`hbg callyhsts whtf

lushbkss lkeark fkr pawkreuc lass' naiihttkk.

Lknmusk ae aloknthabs ly tfk @kianrmthn stmee, tfk Pmsd Earnk `h` bat hbtkrvhkw

Uhrghbhm Ecktnfkr mb` tfkrkeark nmbbat nabehri wfktfkr tfksk krrmb`s wkrk pkrearik` ly

Okrry Nmrtkr ear Uhrghbhm Ecktnfkr.

;. Kipcaykks [sk b Ikilkr s Aeehnks

Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks wkrk usk` ta mbswkr pfabks mb` msshst b

saik Ikilkrs pkrsabmc aeehnks.

Abk rksuct ae tfk pmtrabmgk systki wms tfmt c ~ a u s k Zast Aeehnk pkrsabbkc wkrk

saikthiks `hrkntk` ly supkrvhsars ta pkreari tmsds bat rkcmtk` ta tfk apkrmthab ae tfk Fausk

Zast Aeehnk. Pfk Pmsd Earnk rknkhvk` rkparts tfmt Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks wkrk msdk`

ta mbswkr pfabks hb nkrtmhb Ikilkrs' aeehnks ùrhbg stmee pmrthks mb` eub` rmhshbg rknkpthabs,

nmckb`mrs wkrk skbt àwb ta tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk ta lk stmipk` whtf tfk Ikilkr'sshgbmturk ly Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks, mb` Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks pravh`k` rh`ks

ta Bmthabmc Mhrpart mb` àwbtawb Wmsfhbgtab.

Wfhck tfksk mnthvhthks wkrk nckmrcy bat Zastmc mnthvhthks mb` mrk bat m rknaiikb`k`

usk ae Fausk kipcaykks, tfky mrk bat hbnabshstkbt whtf `kimb`s im`k upab kipcaykks

skrvhbg ub`kr tfk pmtrabmgk systki. ûnf mnthvhthks sfauc` ba cabgkr lk ub`krtmdkb ly

Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks. Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks sfauc` pkreari abcy tfask tmsds

wfhnf mrk rkmsabmlcy rkcmtk` ta tfk apkrmthabs ae tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk mb` sfauc` rkpart

mby rkquksts ear ubrkcmtk` ward ta tfkhr supkrvhsars. Wardhbg autsh`k tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk

sfauc` bat lk m nabsh`krmthab ear fhrhbgar

nabthbuk` kipcayikbt.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk ;;

5. Zastimstkr's rmbd

sk a tfk Zastimstkr s ermbd `rappk` shgbhehnmbtcy metkr tfk Mnthbg

Zastimstkr wms mppahbtk̀ ,- Zastimstkr \atm imhck` bab-aeehnhmc imhcmb` pkbbhttk` tfk usk a fhs ermbd ly saik Ikilkrs.

Imby mcckgmthabs fmvk lkkb im`k rkgmr`hbg tfk usk ae tfk Zastimstkr's ermbd ear bab-

aeehnhmc imhchbgs. Wfmt fms lkkb rkekrrk` ta ms tfk Zastimstkr's imhchbg chst fms lkkb

lraugft up hb tksthiaby ab buikraus annmshabs. Zastimstkr \atm usk̀ fhs aeehnhmc ermbd ta

imhc @kmr Nacckmguk ckttkrs, mb` vmrhaus bkwspmpkrs mb` imgmzhbks lraugft ta tfk Fausk

ear `hstrhluthab. Imhchbgs wkrk skbt ta vmrhaus graups mb` hb`hvh`umcs, saik ab Nmphtac Fhcc,

lut tfk imoarhty wkrk skbt aee tfk Fhcc ta atfkr m``rkssks hb Wmsfhbgtab, @.N.

Pfksk bab-

aeehnhmc imhchbgsae

nmckb`mrs, @kmr

Nacckmguk ckttkrs

mb` imgmzhbks

wkrk rkekrrk` ta

ly vmrhaus

pkrsabbkc hb tfk

Fausk Zast Aeehnk.

@mvh` \alhbsab ,

@hrkntar ae

Nabgrksshabmc

^krvhnks, wms hb

nfmrgk ae tfhs

skrvhnk ear tfk

Zastimstkr. Fk

dkpt tfk chst ae

imhchbg cmlkcs mb`

Zastimstkr s Ermbd$8,::: Eklrumry 88 ta Imy =88<

6,:::

$7,:::

$5,:::

$;,:::

$0,:::

$>,:::

$<,:::

$=,:::

Ekl 88 Mpr Oub Mug Ant @kn Ekl Mpr

Ermbdk` Imhc Mnnaubtmlhchty lkgmb Ombumry >, =88=.Mnthbg Zastimstkr ^fhbmy wms mppahbtk` Imrnf >= =88<

sknurk` tfk bknkssmry naphks . M Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykk tksthehk` tfmt fk fm` ta wmtnf

tfmt mbatfkr kipcaykk `h` bat tmdk naphks ae tfk Ek`krmc \kghstkr ar Nabgrksshabmc \knar`

ear Zastimstkr \atm's chst lkeark fk wms mlck ta sknurk tfki ear tfk hbtkb`k` rknhphkbts. Pfk

kipcaykk wms `hrkntk` ly Zastimstkr \atm wfkrk ta skb` tfk kxtrm naphks. 7

7Ir . \atm rkqukstk` ;:: naphks ae @kmr Nacckmguks ear `hstrhluthab ta mcc Ikilkr aeehnks. Pfk

m``hthabmc 5; naphks wkrk pravh`k` ta tfask ab tfk spknhmc imhchbg chsts. ^kk Kx. <>, Aeehnk ae tfk Zastimstkr,

pmgk 0.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 5

Pfk @kmr Nacckmguk imhchbg chst wms ear spknhmc `hstrhluthab ae @kmr Nacckmguks

latf hbsh`k mb` autsh`k tfk Fausk. Pfkrk wkrk eaur nmtkgarhks ae @kmr Nacckmguk

rknhphkbts? = tfask tfmt wkrk imhck` mcc @kmr Nacckmguks, hbncu`hbg @kmr \kpulchnmbNacckmguk mb` @kmr @kianrmthn Nacckmguk , <) tfask tfmt wkrk imhck` mcc @kmr

Nacckmguks, lut bat @kmr \kpulchnmb Nacckmguk ar @kmr @kianrmthn Nacckmguk , >) tfask

tfmt wkrk imhck` mcc lut @kmr @kianrmthn Nacckmguks , mb` 0 tfask tfmt wkrk imhck` mcc lut

@kmr \kpulchnmb Nacckmguks.

Lkghbbhbg ab pmgk ;7 mrk chstk` tfk pkrsabs mb` aeehnks ear wfai Zastimstkr \atm

lub`ck`, mb` naphk` he bknkssmry, mcc @kmr Nacckmguk ckttkrs tfmt wkrk ghvkb ta Zastimstkr

\atm ear `hstrhluthab. t sfauc` lk batk` tfmt m builkr ae Ikilkrs ae tfk @kianrmthn

ckm`krsfhp mb` buikraus stmee ae tfk @kianrmthn ckm`krsfhp rknkhvk` naphks ae mcc @kmrNacckmguk ckttkrs, hbncu`hbg @kmr \kpulchnmb Nacckmguk ckttkrs. Fawkvkr, ba \kpulchnmb

Ikilkr ar \kpulchnmb stmee pkrsab rknkhvk` naphks ae @kmr @kianrmthn Nacckmguk ckttkrs.

Pfk hb`hvh`umcs, callyhsts, narparmthabs, mb` cmlar ubhabs whtf m``rkssks autsh`k ae

tfk Fausk ae \kprkskbtmthvks rkprkskbt pkrsabs wfa rknkhvk` Zastimstkr \atm's @kmr

Nacckmguk `hstrhluthab skrvhnk mt tmxpmykr's kxpkbsk, `uk ta tfk [^Z^ pastmgk nfmrgks

hbnurrk` ly Zastimstkr \atm's usk ae tfk nabgrksshabmc imhchbg prhvhckgk. 7<

em 00, Zastimstkr \atm's Imhchbg Chst M``rkss Cmlkcs.



@kmr Nacckmguk Imhchbg Cmlkcs, ==-<5-8=

Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 7

Pfk eaccawhbg pkrsabs rknkhvk` mcc @kmr Nacckmguk ckttkrs, hbncu`hbg mcc @kmr \kpulchnmbNacckmguk ckttkrs mb` mcc @kmr @kianrmthn Nacckmguk ckttkrs.

Ir. Imrsfmcc C. Cybmi

=:= @ ^trkkt. ^.K.

^knab` Ecaar

Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. <:::>

Ir. K`wmr` M. Lknd ccîhtf. Fkcis, Iucchss Iaark

=5=; C ^t., B.W. ^tk. =<;:

Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. <::>5-;5:=

Ir. \ab Imrthbsab

Emhremx Naubty ûpkrvhsars

Aeehnk ae tfk Nfmhrimb

0=:: Nfmhb Lrh`gk \`

Emhremx, UM <<:>:

Is. Imurkkb Pfhla`kmu

F-><0. [.^. Nmphtac

[.^. Fausk ae \kprkskbtmthvks

Wmsfhbgtab. @.N. <:;=;

Fabarmlck Bhnfacms Imvraucks

<0>< \mylurb Fausk Aeehnk Luhc`hbg

Mttb? Dhi Imnhk

Zkrsabmc

Fabarmlck @abbmc` D. Mb`krsab

Nckrhn[.^. Fausk ae \kprkskbtmthvks

Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. < ;=;

Ir. Nfmrchk Ikccm`y

F-=;7, [.^. Nmphtac


Wmsfhbgta'b. @.N. <:;=;

Ir. Erk` Fmtehkc`

=>0= G ^trkkt <b` Ecaar

Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. <:::;

Ir. Oafb Gmbbab

<:= N ^trkkt. ^.K.


Ir. Zfhcchp E. Okfck

7:: Fmcc Ae Pfk ^cmtks

0:: Bartf Nmphtac ^trkkt, B.W .

Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. <:::=

Fabarmlck @mb \astkbcnawsdh

Mbb? Pai ^bkkrhbgkr


Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. < ;=;

Ir. @abmc` O Dmbhkwsdh

Cmlarkrs Hbtkrbmthabmc [bhab

8 ; =5tf ^trkkt. B.W.

Wmsfhbgtab. @.N. <:::5-=75;

Fabarmlck @mvh` K. Labhar

Pfk Imoarhty Wfhp

F-=:7, [.^. Nmphtac

Ir. Ihnfmkc K. Grhssa

Pfk Zmgabhs @abbkccy Graup

=5<: Kyk ^t.. B. K. ûhtk <:<

Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. <:::5

Fabarmlck @mb Ihnm

Mikrhnmb Naubnhc ae Chek Hbsurmbnk

=::= Zkbbsycvmbhm Mvk .. B.W.

Wmsfhbgtab. @.N. <:::0-<;88

Ir. Pk` Umcchkrk

Btc. Mssanhmthab ae Zastimstkrs

6 Fkrlkrt ^trkkt

Mckxmb`rhm. UM <<>:;-<5::

Ir. \alkrt O. Ckabmr`

==:< CFAL



Gkbkrmc Fmzkc W. Oafbsab-Lrawb

^nfaac ae Burshbg

Gkargk Imsab [bhvkrshty

00:: [bhvkrshty @r.

Emhremx , UM <<:>:

Ir. Gmry Fyikc

Fhcc Dbawctab

8:= >=st ^trkkt B.W.


Ir. K` Lawcky

Btc. Ckmguk ae Zastimstkrs

=:<> B. \aymc ^trkktMckxmb`rhm, UM <<>=0-=;58

Nac. Ohi Chtthg

Ckghscmthvk Chmhsab

[bhtk` ^tmtks Mbby

L-><; \mylurb FAL

Wmsfhbgtab. @.N. < ;=;

Fabarmlck Umbnk Fmrtdk

Fmrtdk Fmrtdk

75>7 Ckkslurg Zhdk

Emccs Nfurnf. UM <<:0>

Ir. Dhrd A'@abbkcc

Mdhb. Guip, ^trmuss. Fmukr Ekc`

=>>> Bkw Fmipsfhrk Mvk.

Wmsfhbgtab. @.N. <::>5

Fabarmlck Whcchmi O. Grkkb

=0;; Zkbbsycvmbhm Mvk .. B.W.

ûhtk ;7;

Wmsfhbgtab. @.N. <:::0

@aby Kccswartf

Imnfhbhsts Luhc`hbg

=>:: Nabbknthnut Mvk .. B W .

Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. <::>5

Ir. \alkrt D. Cmbgk

Pfk Lakhbg Naipmby

=7:: B. Iaark ^trkkt

\asscyb, UM <<<:8

\hnfmr` E. Dkmthbg

Mbfkuskr-Lusnf Naipmbhks

=775= ^trkkt, B.W.


Ir. \alkrt G. Lmrtckb

Bmthabmc ^tabk Mssanhmthab

=0=; Kcchat Zcmnk, B.W.Wmsfhbgtab. @.N. <:::7

@kianrmthn ^tu`y Graup

=00<< Cabgwartf F.A.L .

Irs. Kvkcyb @ulraw

Ckghscmthvk @hrkntar, HCGW[

6=; =5tf ^trkkt, B.W. ûhtk =:>


Ir. K`wmr` Whcckb, Or.

F<->:0


Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. <:;=;

Ir. Ian Lhcckr

Mikrhnmb Zastmc Wardkrs [bhab

=>:: C ^trkkt. B.W.


Ir. Zmtrhnd O. Bhcmb

Mikrhnmb Zastmc Wardkrs [bhab

OAA C ^trkkt, B.W.




Ermbd Gaèrky

Nmssh`y & Mssanhmtks. Hbn.

Iktrapachtmb ^qumrk . ûhtk ==::

5 =;tf ^trkkt. B.W.

Wmsfhbgtab. @.N. <:::;

\alkrt K Ouchmba Mssanhmtks

H :88 <<b` ^trkkt. B.W . ûhtk 0:0


Ir. Omiks :. Erkkimb ar

Ir . Ihnfmkc G. Praap

[^C

=7:8 Bkw Xard Mvk ., B.W .

Wmsfhbgtab, @.N . <:::5

Fabarmlck Dhp A'Bkhcc

=>=:=8tf ^trkkt. B.W.


Fabarmlck Cka _kekrktth

Lc`g. & Nabstrunthab Prm`ks @kpt .

MEC-NHA

6=; =5tf ^trkkt, B.W.

Wmsfhbgtab. @.N. <:::5

Ir. Oafb Fmgmrty

\aai =:;>>

07; C'Kbembt Zcmzm

Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. <:<5:

Ir . Zmuc Umb Navkr`kb

\aai =:;>>

07; C'Kbembt Zcmzm

Wmsfhbgtab. @.N. <:<5:

Ir . Ohi @uprkk

Ear` Iatar Naipmby

=>;: Kyk ^trkkt, B W.

Wm sfhbgtab, @.N . <:::;

Ir . Lal @hmiab`

Chspkb. Wfhttkb & @hmiab`

=7<; @k ^mcks ^t. B.W. 6tf Ecaar

Wmsfhbgtab, @.N . <::>5

@kianrmthn Nmunus

M->:5



Is. Lktsy Gchnd

BmthaIH Mssanhmthab ae

Chek [b`krwrhtkb

=8<< E ^trkkt. B.W.

Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. <:::5-0>67

Ir. \hnfmr` C. Nrmwear`

Chspkb, Wfhttkb & @hmiab`

=7<; @k ^mcks ^t. B.W. 6tf ecaar


Ir. Mrtfur K Nmikrab

==== =0tf ^trkkt. B.W. =::=

Wmsfhbgtab. @.N . <:::;

Fabarmlck Ihdk Ecmfkrty>=: Bartf Nmrachbm Mvk., ^ .K.

Wmsfhbgtab. @.N. <:::>

Fabarmlck @ab K`wmr`s

;:> Mbbkx H


Wmsfhbgtab. @.N . <:;=;

hvcr. Whcchmi @. Pfaipsab

BmthaIc cbtkrgraup Hbn.

=;7;= ̂ trkkt, ^tk. ==::


Ir. Phiatfy F. ^nuccy, HrHbt. Lratfkiaa`

aePkmistkrs

<; CauhshmI Mvk .. B.W.

Wmsf hbgtab. @.N . <:::=

Ir. Omiks Z. Iaabky

BtO Nmlck Pkckvhshab Ms sb.

=7<0 Imssmnfusktts Mvk ., B.W.


Fabarmlck Oafb N. Nucvkr

Mrbkt Eax Dhbtbkr Zactdhb & Dmfb

=:;: Nabbknthnut Mvk ., B.W.


Ir. Ihnfmkc O . ^nfwk`kr

MP&P

==<: <:tf ^trkkt., B. W. ûhtk H:::


Ir. \alkrt I . Fawmr`

Ear` Iatar Naipmby

=>;: H ^trkkt, B.W. ûhtk =:::

Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. <:::;->>:;

Ir . Omnd Nui=b

Cmlarkrs Hbt. [bhab

8:; =5tf ^trkkt. B.W.

Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. <:::5-=75;

Fabarmlck @mvk Kvmbs

0:5 Pfhr` ^trkkt. ^.K .


Ir. @kmb t̂achbk

Chpskb, Fmilkrgkr, Wfhttkb,

Fmilkrgkr

<:= Eckknktcawkr @rhvk

Gmhtfkrslurg, I@ <:676

Ir. \hnfmr` O Ehkst.m

Nabbkrtab, \my ^hipsab

=8<: C ^trkkt, B.W.

Eaurtf Ecaar

Wmsfhbgtab. @.N. <::>5-;::0

Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 6

Fabarmlck @aIc` G. Lratzimb

Fapdhbs ûttkr

666 ^hxtkkbtf ^trkkt. B K .

Wmsfhbgtab , @.N . <:::5

Ir. \alkrt K. Whcchmis

[bhtk` Mhrchbks

=7:7 C ^trkkt. B .W. ûhtk >::

Wmsfhbgtab, @.N . <::>5-0<:<

Fabarmlck Oafb Ckwhs

@kputy Imoarhty Wfhp

F-==0 , Pfk Nmphtac


Mttb? Carmhbk Ihcckr

Ir. K. Zfhcchp \hgghb

Pfk Mikrhnmb Ckghab

=5:6 D ^trkkt. B.W .

Wmsfhbgtab,@.N

. <:::5

Ir . Gr?hbt Ihcckr

=6:: @hmgabmc \` . . ûhtk 5::

Mckxmb`rhm, UM <<>=0

Is. Chz \allhbs

Chz \allhbs & Mssanhmtks

0<: 7tf ^trkkt, ^.K.

Wmsfhbgtab, @.N . <:::>-<7:7

Ib. Lmrh2mrm Kmstkrchbg

;:= Pfhr` ^trkkt, B.W.

Wmsfhbgtab , @.N. <:::=-<787

Ir. Mb`y Gchnd

Mikrhnmb Zktrackui Hbsthtutk

=<<: C ^trkkt. B.W.

Wmsfhbgtab, @ .N. <:::;

Ir . ^natt @. Imsab

Lkkr @rhbcnkrs ae Mikrhnm

7=7 <b` ^trkkt, B.K.

Wmsfhbgtab, @.N . <:::<

Ir. Lmrtcky I. A Fmrm

=8=8 Zkbbsycvmbhm Mvkbuk

ûhtk >::

Wmsfhbgtab, @.N . <:::5

Ir . Gkargk L. Gauc`

=:: Hb`hmbm Mvkbuk, B.W .

Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. <:::=

MP&P

Ir. \alkrt M Iab

==<: <:tf ^trkkt, B.W.

ûhtk =:::


Is. Okmbbk I. Nmiplkcc

Nmiplkcc - \upk, Hbn .

=:=: Zkbbsycvmbhm Mvkbuk , ^ .K.

Wmsfhbgtab, @.N . <:::>



Ir. Pai Fhppck

Bmthab.mc Mssb. ae Faik Luhc`krs

=;tf I ^trkkts

Wmsfhbgtab, @ N <:::;

Is. Imrhcyb \askbtfmc

Bmthab.mc Mssb. ae Faik Luhc`krs

=;tf I ^trkkts

Wmsfhbgtab. @ N <:::;

Ir. Ihnfmkc Ncmrd

\ ^ =;tf ^trkkt. B.W. ûhtk >=:

Wmsfhbgtab, @ N <:::;

Ir. Lally Waa`


= ; Nmbbab F.A.L.

Wmsfhbgtab. @ N <:;=;

Is. \klknnm Fmrthbgtab

=:= Fausk Mbbkx =


Ir. Lkrt Zkb.m

Fapdhbs ûttkr

666 =5tf ^trkkt. B.W. 7tf Ecaar

Wmsfhbgtab. @ N <:::5

Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 8

Ir. Oaskpf I ^tmbtab

Zulchn ^knurhthks Mssan.

=::: Ukriabt Mvk., B W .

Ir. Cuay @. Oabks

Lratfkrfaa`

ae Canaiathvk Kbghbkkrs

0:: Ehrst ^t.. B.W. ûhtk 6=8

Wmsfhbgtab, @ N <:::=

Pfk eaccawhbg pkrsabs rknkhvk` mcc @kmr Nacckmguk ckttkrs, lut ba @kmr \kpulchnmb

Nacckmguk ckttkrs mb` ba @kmr @kianrmthn Nacckmguk ckttkrs.

Naiihsshab ab ^knurhty &

Naapkrmthab hb Kurapk

F<-<>7

Wmsfhbgtab. @.N. < ;=;

Ir. Oafb Okbdhbs

Aeehnk ae Ckghscmthvk Apkrmthabs

FP-=>. Pfk Nmphtac


^kcknt Naiihttkk ab Bmrnathns

F<-<>0


Wmsfhbgtab, @ N <:;=;

Ir. Oak Ehsfkr

>:0-M Nmbbab Fausk Aeehnk Luhc`hbg



Ir. Lal InGuhrk

<5> Nmbbab Fausk Aeehnk Luhc`hbg


Wmsfhbgtab, @ N < ;=;

\ucks Naiihttkk

=5<7 Cabgwartf Fausk Aeehnk Luhc`hbg



Fabarmlck \my Dagavskd

Dagavskd Mssanhmtks

=6:= Lram`wmy, ûhtk =0<:

@kbvkr. NA 6:<:>

Fabarmlck Whcchmi Lrawb

Aeehnk ae tfk Zmrchmikbtmrhmb

F-<:8. [.^. Nmphtac


Kbvhrabikbt.mc Kbkrgy

^tu`y Nabekrkbnk

F<-;=;



Ir. Oakc Ombdawsdy

=>>> Bkw Fmipsfhrk Mvk., B W.

ûhtk 0::

Wmsfhbgtab. @ N <::>5

Pfk eaccawhbg pkrsabs rknkhvk` mcc @kmr Nacckmguk ckttkrs, hbncu`hbg mcc @kmr \kpulchnmb

Nacckmguk ckttkrs lut ba @kmr @kianrmthn Nacckmguk ckttkrs.

Fabarmlck Bkwt Ghbgrhnf


=5<: Cabgwartf F : LWmsfhbgtab, @ N < ;=;

Fabarmlck Guy Umb`kr Omgt

Nfmhiuhb. Btc. \kp. Nabg. Naii.



Ir. Phi Fmrraub

F-<<> Pfk Nmphtac

[.^. Fausk ae \kprkskbtmthvksWmsfhbgtab. @ N <:;=;

Fabarmlck Okrry Ckwhs

Fausk \kpulchnmb Nabekrkbnk

=5=6 Cabgwartf F.A.L.



Fabarmlck \alkrt D. @aim b

Fausk \kpulchnmb ^tu`y Nitk.

[.^. Fausk ae \kprkskbtmthvks0>> Nmbbab F.A.L.


Fabarmlck Okrry Ckwhs

\kpulchnmb Ckghscmthvk @hgkst

[.^. Fausk Ae \kprkskbtmthvks

;:< Mbbkx H




Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 5:

Pfk eaccawhbg pkrsab rknkhvk` mcc @kmr Nacckmguk ckttkrs, hbncu`hbg mcc @kmr

@kianrmthn Nacckmguk ckttkrs lut ba @kmr \kpulchnmb Nacckmguk ckttkrs.

Ir. Lmrry ^ucchvmb

Fausk @kianrmthn Ncamdraai

F-<<<. Pfk Nmphtac


Lkcaw mrk chstk` pkrsabs wfa wkrk ab Zastimstkr \atm's imhchbg chst ta rknkhvk

metkrbaab pmpkrs ms ae @knkilkr 7, =88=.

Aeehnk ae tfk ^pkmdkr

[ ^ . Fausk ae \kprkskbt.mthvks

F-<:0 Pfk Nmphtac

Mttb? Dmtfy Iaikt

Is. Mbbm Mzf`nrhmb


<>:> \mylurb Fausk Aeehnk Lc`g.


Ir. Zktkr \alhbsab


F-<<5 Pfk Nmphtac


Is. Dmtfy Ghcck

Aeehnk ae tfk Imoarhty Wfhp

F-=:7 Pfk Nmphtac


Fabarmlck Oafb Ckwhs

Pfk @kputy Wfhp


F-==0 Pfk Nmphtac


Fabarmlck Pfaims F. Mb`rkws


=7<0 Cabgwartf Fausk Aeehnk Lc`g .


Is. Ihih In Gkk



F-<:8 Pfk Nmphtac


Ir. Gkargk Dub`mbhs


[.^. Fausk ae \kprksnbt.mthvks

F-<:8 tfk Nmphtac


Ir. Gkargk ^tkpfmbapaucaus

Aeehnk ae tfk Imoarhty Ckm`kr

[.^ . Fausk ae \kprkskbtmthvks

F-=06 Pfk Nmphtac


Ir. @mccms C @kb`y

Aeehnk ae tfk Nckrd

[.^ . Fausk ae \kprkskbtmthvks

Wmsfhbgtab. @.N . <:;=;

Hbncu`k` hb tfk mppkb`hx mrk Fausk Zast Aeehnk naphks ae tfk mlavk imhchbg chsts,

mcabg whtf Zastimstkr \atm's imhchbg chst ear pkrsabs autsh`k tfk Fausk ae \kprkskbtmthvks

rknkhvhbg tfk Ek`krmc \kghstkr, tfk Nabgrksshabmc \knar` mb` tfk Fausk Nmckb`mr.

M Fausk Zast Aeehnk ikiarmb`ui prkpmrk` ear Mnthbg Zastimstkr Ihnfmkc ^fhbmy

rkparts tfmt pulchnmthabs sunf ms fk Bkw Xard Phiks fk Wmsfhbgtab Phiks Zkapck Phik

^pabs Hccustrmtk` Eartubk Iabky Earlks Bkwswkkd mb` Lushbkss Wkkd wfhnf wkrk

`kchvkrk` hb lucd ta tfk Zast Aeehnk mb` `hstrhlutk` ta Nabgrksshabmc aeehnks tfraugf tfk ZastAeehnk, wkrk imhck` erkk ae nfmrgk ta tfask ab tfk Zastimstkr's imhchbg chst. Ir. \atm

sknurk` kxtrm naphks ae tfk pulchnmthabs mb` `hstrhlutk` tfask ta pkapck ar argmbhzmthabs ae fhs

nfaashbg mt ba nast ta tfk rknhphkbt. Pfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk ikia rkparts m nabsh`krmlck

cass hb rkvkbuk mb` imb faurs ta tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk rksuctk`. Abk kipcaykk tksthehk`

tfmt tkb Ikilkrs rknkhvk` tfkhr bkwspmpkrs erkk. e ab m pmrthnucmr `my tfkrk wkrk bat

kbaugf pmpkrs, m Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykk wauc` fmvk ga aut mb` luy tfk bknkssmry

builkr ae pmpkrs ta ehcc tfask ar`krs.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 5

Pfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk imbmgkikbt, fawkvkr, `hsmppravk` wfkb tfk Fausk Zast

Aeehnk kipcaykks taad kxtrm naphks. Nfhke ae ^tmee Oambbm A \aurdk prkpmrk` mb kipcaykk

`hsnhpchbmry ckttkr stmthbg tfmt tfk mnt ae tmdhbg kxtrm naphks ae mby pulchnmthabs wms m Ek`krmc

nrhik. Pfk ckttkr stmtks tfmt he tfk mnthab wkrk ta annur mgmhb tfk kipcaykk wauc` lk `kmct

whtf ta tfk eucc kxtkbt ae tfk cmw.7>

Mnthbg Zastimstkr

^fhbmy s usk ae tfk Zastimstkr s

ermbd hs shgbhehnmbtcy cawkr hb

naipmrhsab ta Zastimstkr \atm s

usk ae tfk ermbd. Zastimstkr

^fhbmy stmtk` tfmt tfk abcy

shgbhehnmbt usk ae tfk

Zastimstkr s ermbd fms lkkb ear

tfk ^tmtk @kpmrtikbt Pkckxks.

Metkr tfk tkckxks naik hbta tfk

Fausk Zast Aeehnk, tfky mrk skbt

aut ub`kr tfk Zastimstkr s ermbd

ta tfk m``rkssk` aeehnk.

Latf Oambbm A \aurdk,

Nfhke ae ^tmee, mb` Bmbny

Nacchbs, @kputy Zastimstkr,

stmtk` hb tfkhr ehrst hbtkrvhkw whtf

Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab Naiihttkk

@kianrmthn stmee tfmt tfky dbkw

saik Ikilkr s imhc wkbt aut

ub`kr tfk Zastimstkr s ermbd.

Narralarmthbg rknar`s wkrk bat

mvmhcmlck mb` tfk Pmsd Earnk `h`

bat fmvk mnnkss ta Is. A \aurdk

ar Ir. \atm ub`kr amtf.

Pfk mnnaipmbyhbg

Antalkr <8, 88 ckttkr erai

Antalkr <8, =88=

Ir. Cmrry \. ^fmbbabMìhbhs t rm t hvk Mss h s t mb t

Aeehnk ae Fabarmlck O hi Wrhgft6=8 Pmycar ^ t r k k tEar t Wartf, Pkxms 75=:<

@kmr Cmrry?

Pfmbd yau ea r skb`hbg ik t fk

mutagrmpfk` p hn tu rk a e ^pkmdkr mb` Irs.Wrhgft. H g rkm t c y mpprkn hm t k yaurtfaugfteucbkss ms H mi vkry eab` ae Ir.Wrhgft mb` mcwmys e k c t t f m t t wms mb fabarta skrvk ms f h s Zastims tkr .

Ms H r knm c c yau wkrk hb tk rks tk` hb

Kxprkss Imhc stmips wfhnf nur rkb t cy s k c c ear8.8; pkr stmip, a r =88.:: ear m sfkkt ae

<: s tmips. Lknmusk a e bkw pa c h n h k s

h b h t h m t k` ear t f h s a e e h n k H mi ba cabgkr

mlck ta imhc stmips whtfaut e h r s t rknkhvhbgm vaunfkr.Q H mi, t f k r k ea r k kbn cas hbg mvaunfkr eari wfhnf bkk`s ta lk naipcktk`,s hgbk` mb` r k tu rbk` ta ik sa t fm t H nmbprankss t hiik`hmtkcy . Hb m`` h t hab H mi

kbncas hbg Kxprkss Imhc kbvkcapks mb` c mlk c s .

Whtf lks t whsfks , H mi

^hbnkrkcy

\ALK\P U. \APM, Zastims tkr

[.^. Fausk a e \kprkskb tm t hvks

Ckttkr erai Zastimstkr \atm batheyhbg earikr ^pkmdkr

Wrhgft s atthnk ae bkw prankùrks ear stmip pranurkikbt

Zastimstkr \atm ta earikr ^pkmdkr Wrhgft s aeehnk hb`hnmtks tfmt tfk Zastimstkr imy fmvk

tmdkb stkps hb cmtk 88 ta nurtmhc hiprapkr usk ae tfk Zastimstkr s ermbd mb` atfkr Fausk

Zast Aeehnk mnnaubts.

Kx. 0>. @rmet Kipcaykk @hsnhpchbk Ckttkr, A \aurdk.



7. Armbgk Lmgs, @-@AZ Lmgs

Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 5<

M Fausk Zast Aeehnk skrvhnk ar tfk `hrknt `kchvkry a imhc ta Ikilkrs'

`hstrhnt aeehnks.

Hb tfk =87:'s tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk im`k mrrmbgkikbts whtf tfk [^Z^ ta pkriht

Ikilkrs ta usk spknhmc armbgk lmgs ta kxpk`htk imhc `kchvkry ta m Ikilkr's `hstrhnt. Pfhs

skrvhnk lypmssks tfk Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. Zast Aeehnk ly `kchvkrhbg tfk armbgk lmgs `hrkntcy ta

tfk Bmthabmc Mhrpart Imhc Emnhchty. Pfk lmgs mrk tfkb pcmnk` ab tfk bkxt mvmhcmlck echgft

gahbg ta tfk Ikilkr's canmc [^Z^ emnhchty, wfkrk tfky mrk apkbk` upab rknkhpt mb` tfk

hb`hvhùmc phknks ae imhc kbtkr tfk stmb`mr` [^Z^ imhc strkmi.

Armbgk lmgs mrk nacckntk` mcabg whtf tfk rkgucmr imhc mt tfk snfkùck` phnd-up thiks

mb` [^Z^ \kgucmthabs stmtk tfmt tfk armbgk lmg iust bat wkhgf avkr skvkbty paub`s.

Ehrst Ncmss ermbdk` ckttkrs mb` pmndmgks imy lk imhck` vhm tfk armbgk lmg skrvhnk.

Zrkvhauscy tfk lmg wms bat apkbk`, lut shipcy wkhgfk` mb` trkmtk` ms m ubht. Pfk hb`hvhùmc

Ikilkr aeehnks wkrk rkspabshlck ear mnnaubthbg ear tfk imhc. Ms ae Mprhc = =88<, ub`kr

tfk bkw ermbdk` imhc mnnaubtmlhchty rkgucmthabs, tfk armbgk lmgs mrk apkbk` mb` kmnf phknk

ae t t ~ imhc hs mnnaubtk` ear ushbg tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk's mutaimtk` mnnaubthbg kquhpikbt.

Bab-aeehnhmc imhc hs tfkb rkiavk` erai tfk lmgs mb` pcmnk` hb tfk rkgucmr imhc systki mb`

tfk Ikilkr's aeehnk hs bathehk`.

Fawkvkr, tfk @-@AZ (@hrknt @hstrhnt Aeehnk Zaunfks) Zrharhty lmgs mrk bat apkbk`

ly tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk. Pfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk mnnaubts ear tfki ms m shbgck phknk ae ehrst

ncmss prharhty imhc mb` tfky mrk imhck` `hrkntcy ta tfk Ikilkr's `hstrhnt aeehnk. Pfk @-@AZ

lmgs nmb lk purnfmsk` ly Ikilkrs' aeehnks erai tfk Aeehnk ûppcy ^krvhnk.

^hbnk tfk naiikbnkikbt ae tfk armbgk lmg skrvhnk, tfk stmb`mr` [^Z^ mhr trmbspart

skrvhnk ear ehrst ncmss imhc fms hipravk` grkmtcy. Baw tfk `kchvkry thik ear m stmb`mr` ehrst

ncmss ckttkr imy mntumccy lk quhndkr tfmb tfk armbgk lmg skrvhnk, kspknhmccy ear `ksthbmthabs

kmst ae tfk Ihsshsshpph \hvkr.

6. Ecawkr ub`

Zraehts erai saet `rhbd vkb`hbg imnfhbks b tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk, ;:

ta 6: pkr iabtf, usk` ta skb` ecawkrs ta kipcaykks wfa wkrk cc ar

fm` m `kmtf hb tfkhr emihcy, mb` ar atfkr purpasks.

Pfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk Nfhke ae ^tmee imhbtmhbk` m ecawkr eub` nabtmhbhbg praehts

mnnuiucmtk` erai tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk vkb`hbg imnfhbks. Mppraxhimtkcy $;:.:: ta

$6:.:: hb rknkhpts wms nacckntk` pkr iabtf mb` wfkb m Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykk fm` m

`kmtf hb tfk emihcy, tfk eub` wms usk` ta skb` ecawkrs ms m gksturk erai tfk kbthrk Fausk

Zast Aeehnk.



Pmsd Earnk \kpartZmgk 5>

Wfhck tfk ecawkr eub̀ wms usk̀ ear ecawkrs mt thiks, Oambbm A'\aurdk tac` tfk

@kianrmthn hbvksthgmthab stmee tfmt tfk eub`s fm` lkkb usk` ta pmy ear tfk rkbtmc ae m

Ikilkr's nmipmhgb Zast Aeehnk lax mb` ta pmy ear tfk rkpmhr ae ncatfks `mimgk` hb tfk

Fausk Zast Aeehnk. 70 Pfk Pmsd Earnk nauc` bat nabehri tfhs usk, mlskbt Oambbm A'\aurdk's

tksthiaby.

Oambbm A'\aurdk imhbtmhbk` tfk eub` ms pktty nmsf hb m `ksd `rmwkr ubthc cmtk =88=,

wfkb mb mnnaubt wms apkbk` ub`kr fkr bmik mt tfk Wrhgft Zmtimb Nrk`ht [bhab.

Mb mu`ht ae ànuikbts ear tfk Eub` sfawk` tatmc rknkhpts ear 88 mt $6:;. 7<. Ly

ih`-Ombumry =88<, tfk Nrk`ht [bhab mnnaubt fm` m lmcmbnk ae $0<.::. Hb m``hthab tfkrk wms

$<6;.:: nmsf ab fmb` ear m tatmc ae $><7.::. Pfk tatmc ae `hslurskikbts, lmsk` ab.

supparthbg ànuikbts, wms $<<5.8:, ae wfhnf abcy $88.;> wms kxpkb`k` ab ecawkrs. M

tatmc ae $<;=. 6< wms ubmnnaubtk` ear ly mby supparthbg ànuikbtmthab.

Pfk eub` wms imhbtmhbk` hb m fmpfmzmr` imbbkr, whtf tfk usk ae tfk eub` hbnabshstkbt

whtf hts hbtkb`k` purpask. Ear kxmipck `hslurskikbts wkrk im`k ear tfk rkpmhr ae m namt,

nml emrk, pmsspart ekks, pastmgk, rkghstrmthab ekks mb` aeehnk cubnfks. Irs. A'\aurdk

apkrmtk` tfk eubre ms m pkrsabmc pktty nmsf mnnaubt, `ktkrihbhbg wfhnf kxpkbsks ta pmy mb`

wfhnf bat ta pmy. Pfk Pmsd Earnk mcsa eaub` tfmt rknkhpts mb` rknar`s wkrk bat imhbtmhbk`

sa ht hs hipasshlck ta `ktkrihbk tfk truk vmcuk ae tfk eub`.

^hbnk Imy ==, =88<, tfk Fausk \kstmurmbt ^ystki fms mssuik` rkspabshlhchty ear tfk

apkrmthab ae mcc vkb`hbg imnfhbks hb tfk Fausk naipckx, kchihbmthbg tfk saurnk ae rkvkbuks

ear tfk Ecawkr Eub`.

8. ^tmtk kpmrtikbt Pkckx

fk Fausk Zast Aeehnk rknkhvks avkr <:: ^tmtk @kpmrtikbt tkckxks kmnf

`my ar `kchvkry ab tfk Fhcc mb` t Ikilkrs `hstrhnt aeehnks.

Hb ar`kr ta spkk` naiiubhnmthabs erai tfk @kpmrtikbt ae ^tmtk ta Ikilkrs ae

Nabgrkss, tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk hipckikbtk` m systki ta rknkhvk tkckgrmpfhn

naiiubhnmthabs vhm mb kckntrabhn tkckx imnfhbk. Mppraxhimtkcy <:: nmlcks mrk rknkhvk`

kmnf `my, mb` iast rkcmtk ta nabsthtukbt vhsm imttkrs. Pfk nmlcks mrk tfkb h̀rkntk` ta

Ikilkrs ae latf tfk Fausk mb` tfk ^kbmtk ar imhck` ta `hstrhnt aeehnks ub`kr tfk

Zastimstkr's ermbd.

âik pralckis fmvk kxhstk` rkgmr`hbg tfk praipt `kchvkry ae tfk tkckxks, wfhnf fmvk

lkkb lraugft ta tfk mttkbthab ae tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk.

70 @kianrmthn stmee hbvksthgmthab, A'\aurdk hbtkrvhkw sububmry .



=:. Kxprkss Imhc Mnnaubt (Z->::)


M [^Z^ K.xprkss Imhc mnnaubt usk` y Zastimstkr \atm ar bab-aeehnhmc

imhc - Zastimstkr s K.xprkss Imhc Z->:: mnnaubt wms usk` y saikIkilkrs, stmee, mb` Aeehnkrs a tfk Fausk.

M [^Z^ Kxprkss Imhc Ek`krmc mgkbny mnnaubt wms kstmlchsfk` ear Nabgrkss hb =876.

Pfk mnnaubt ear tfk Fausk a \kprkskbtmthvks wms h`kbthehk` ms Z->::, mb` tfk mnnaubt a tfk

^kbmtk wms Z->:=. Pfk arhghbmc hbtkbt a tfhs mnnaubt wms ta kxpk`htk tfk trmbspartmthab a

Ikilkrs' pastmc pmtrab bkwsckttkrs erai tfk nabgrksshabmc aeehnks hb Wmsfhbgtab ta tfk

nabgrksshabmc `hstrhnts. Imhchbgs im`k ub`kr tfhs mnnaubt wkrk lhcck` qumrtkrcy ta tfk Nckrd

a tfk Fausk.

Lhcchbg wms lmsk` upab rknar`s imhbtmhbk` ly tfk [^Z^ sfawhbg `mtk a imhchbg, zhp

na`k a arhghb, zhp na`k a `ksthbmthab, mb` tfk miaubt a pastmgk nfmrgk`.[sk a tfhs mnnaubt wms skvkrkcy rkstrhntk` ly tfk hipckikbtmthab a tfk pravhshabs a

ZC =:=-;<: hb Ombumry, =88=. Pfk [^Z^ tkrihbmtk` tfk Z->:: mnnaubt kbthrkcy hb

^kptkilkr, =88=.

@urhbg hts kxhstkbnk, tfk arhghbmc purpask, tfmt a kxpk`hthbg tfk Ikilkrs' pastmc

pmtrab bkwsckttkrs, kvacvk` hbta m twa-thkrk` mnnaubt whtf tfk kikrgkbnk a tfk usk a

Kxprkss Imhc ear bab-lucd imhchbgs. Kxprkss Imhc ushbg tfk Z->:: mnnaubt builkr ab tfk

sfhpphbg cmlkc wauc` lk mutaimthnmccy lhcck` ta tfk Zastimstkr's Kxprkss Imhc mnnaubt.

Pfk [^Z^ h`kbthehk` tfk Z->:: mnnaubt whtf twa sulskts, M imhchbgs h`kbtheyhbg

Ikilkr bkwsckttkr `rap sfhpikbts mb` L imhchbgs h`kbtheyhbg bab-lucd imhchbgs. Patmcnfmrgks ta tfhs mnnaubt EX =866 tfraugf EX =88= miaubt ta $<5,7;=,555.::, a wfhnf

$88,575.50 rkcmtks ta tfk L mnnaubt.

[sk a tfk L ar Zastimstkr's Kxprkss Imhc mnnaubt wms ncaskcy nabtracck` ly

Zastimstkr \atm, wfa, hb tfk cmtk =86:'s, rkstrhntk` mnnkss ta abcy tfask pkrsabs mutfarhzk`

ly fhiskce ar Oambbm A'\aurdk. Pfksk mppravk` imhchbgs wkrk mppmrkbtcy rkstrhntk` ta

rkcmthvkcy ekw Ikilkrs mb` tfk Fausk Aeehnkrs. Imhc sa mppravk` wauc` lk lraugft ta tfk

m`ihbhstrmthvk aeehnk a tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk wfkrk m cmlkc wauc` lk typk` ly khtfkr Bhdh

\hskbfaavkr ar Dhilkrcky ^nragui. Bhdh \hskbfaavkr eurtfkr stmtk` tfmt Zastimstkr \atm

mb` Oambbm A'\aurdk usk` tfk Z->:: mnnaubt ear pkrsabmc lushbkss. Pfk mnnaubt wms usk̀mcsa ly ^krgkmbt mt Mris mb` tfk @aardkkpkr. Pfk nast a mcc Z->:: imhc wms nfmrgk` ta tfk

Zastimstkr's mnnaubt, rmtfkr tfmb lkhbg nfmrgk` ta tfk Ikilkrs' Aeehnhmc Kxpkbsks

Mccawmbnks. 7;

Pfk Pmsd Earnk kxmihbk` Z->:: rknkhpts ear =868 ta =88= mb` `hsnavkrk` Z->::

rknkhpts tfmt nauc` hb`hnmtk passhlck pkrsabmc usk a tfk Z->:: mnnaubt ly Fausk aeehnkrs mb`

7s Kx. 07, Z->:: Kxprkss Imhc Cmlkcs.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 5;

nkrtmhb Ikilkrs. ^hbnk tfk Z->:: mnnaubt wms kb`k` hb =88=, tfk Pmsd Earnk `h` bat

hbvksthgmtk tfhs imttkr eurtfkr.

Zkrsabs ushbg tfk Z>:: mnnaubt iucthpck thiks ùrhbg tfk thik pkrha` ae =868-=88:

hbncu`k?

\kp. @mb \astkbdawsdh

Zastimstkr \alkrt \atm

@aardkkpkr Omiks P. Iaccay

^krgkmbt-Mt-Mris Omnd \uss

\kp. Cmrry îhtf

\kp. Imry \ask Amdmr

>>

7;

Hb m``hthab, tfkrk mrk saik 7: rknkhpts lkmrhbg m rkturb m``rkss ae tfk Aeehnk ae tfk

Zastimstkr. @ksthbmthab m``rkssks ae tfksk Kxprkss Imhc sfhpikbts hbncu`k?

Wkst Zulchsfhbg Na. (^kk hbtkrv4kw ikia - aeehnk ae Cmw rkvhshab Naubskc)

\kp. Cmrry îhtf

\kp. @mb \astkbdawsdh

\kp. Oak Dactkr

\kp. Fkbry Gabzmckz (hbncu`hbg > ta Irs. Gabzmckz)

Hb m``hthab ta Kxprkss Imhc arhghbmthbg hb Wmsfhbgtab @.N. [^Z^ rknar`s hb`hnmtk

wh`ksprkm` usk mt tfk nabgrksshabmc `hstrhnt ckvkc. Pfk kxmnt bmturk ae tfhs usk fms bat lkkb

`ktkrihbk`. Fawkvkr, aeehnhmcs mt [^Z^ Fkm`qumrtkrs m`vhsk tfmt mby Kxprkss Imhc

sfhpikbt lkmrhbg tfk Z->:: mnnaubt builkr wauc` pralmlcy fmvk lkkb mnnkptk` mt mby [^Z^

Zast Aeehnk. Pfhs wauc` lk pmrthnucmrcy truk he tfk skb`kr wms dbawb ar lkchkvk` ta lk

mssanhmtk` whtf m Ikilkr s `hstrhnt aeehnk.

==. ^tmips Ear Nmsf

M cmnd a stmb`mr` prankùrks mb` emhcurk ta eaccaw [^ ^ \kgucmthabsimy fmvk pkrihttk` saik Ikilkrs pkrsabmc mb` nmipmhgb aeehnks ta

nabvkb aeehnhmc eub`s ta pkrsabmc usk ly kxnfmbghbg stmips ar nmsf.

Wfhck tfk [^Z^ imy, ub`kr nkrtmhb nhrnuistmbnks, kxnfmbgk `mimgk` [^Z^ stmips

ear bkw stmips, [^Z^ rkgucmthabs prafhlht tfk kxnfmbgk ae stmips ear nmsf. Pfkrk fmvk

lkkb vmrhaus pulchn rkparts ae stmips lkhbg kxnfmbgk` ear nmsf ear saik Ikilkrs mb`

atfkrs ly Fausk Zast Aeehnk pkrsabbkc. e sunf mnthvhty annurrk`, Aeehnhmc Kxpkbsks



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 55

Mccawmbnk eub`s imy fmvk lkkb turbk` hbta nmsf ear passhlck pkrsabmc ar atfkr usk. Pfhs

imttkr hs tfk suloknt ae m nabthbuhbg Grmb` Oury hbvksthgmthab.

=<. Zast Aeehnk ^knurhty

fk cmnd a m nabshstkbt pachny ear fmb`chbg naipcmhbts mb` hbnh`kbts

nrkmtk` sknurhty pralckis

M rkvhkw ae ^knurhty Zachny rkcmthbg ta tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk wms ub`krtmdkb ms pmrt

ae tfk avkrmcc Pmsd Earnk hbvksthgmthab. Pfk rksucts ae tfk rkvhkw mrk m``rkssk` hb pmrt ly m

pfyshnmc sknurhty survky ae tfk Cabgwartf stmthab mb` tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk mìhbhstrmthvk

aeehnk. Aur ehb`hbgs hb tfhs rkgmr` fmvk lkkb eurbhsfk` ta Zastimstkr ^fhbmy. 75

Hb m``hthab tfkrk wms ba skt pachny ms ta prapkr fmb`chbg ae naipcmhbts mb` hbnh`kbts

hb`hnmthbg sknurhty pralckis. Pfk Msshstmbt Zastimstkr ear ^knurhty Whcchmi Cmwsab wms

ear kxmipck fmb`chbg naipcmhbts ear bab-rknkhpt imhc. Hb imby hbstmbnks Ir. Cmwsab

`ktkrihbk` tfmt tfk htki hb quksthab fm` lkkb ihsfmb`ck` hb tfk Zast Aeehnk. Hb atfkr

hbstmbnks hbnh`kbts sunf ms tfk cass ae Zastmc Iabky Ar`krs ly stmip naubtkr nckrds wauc`

lk rkekrrk` ta tfk Nmphtac Zachnk rmtfkr tfmb ta Zas·??[ mutfarhthks. ^hihcmr shtumthabs wauc`

mrhsk nabnkrbhbg tfk cass tfket ar rhechbg ae imhc whtfhb tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk.

Nabsh`krhbg tfk mlavk ht hs suggkstk` tfmt mrrmbgkikbts lk im`k ta naar`hbmtk m

`kehbk` pachny ae rkekrrmc lktwkkb tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk tfk Nmphtac Zachnk mb` tfk [^ ZH^.

Pfky sfauc` oahbtcy `kvkcap tfk bknkssmry guh`kchbks ta hbsurk praipt hbvksthgmthab mb`

mttkbthab ly tfk mppraprhmtk Fausk mutfarhthks.

M imoar sknurhty mb` smekty pralcki kxhsts mt tfk cam`hbg ànd ae tfk Cabgwartf

Fausk Aeehnk Luhc`hbg mt N ^trkkt ^ K mb` wms lraugft ta tfk mttkbthab ae Zastimstkr

^fhbmy. 77

h c c Atfkr Hbvksthgmthabs

M [bhtk` ^tmtks Nmphtac Zachnk

fk Nmphtac Zachnk hbvksthgmthab mb` faw tfkhr rack wms chihtk`

Ab Mprhc <5 =88= @kputy Zastimstkr Bmbny Nacchbs nmcck` tfk Nmphtac Zachnk ta

rkpart m patkbthmc tfket hb tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk. Bmbny Nacchbs tac` Nmphtac Zachnk Nmptmhb

Imnd Dkbbk`y Naiimb`kr ae tfk Nrhihbmc Hbvksthgmthab @hvhshab tfmt K`wmr` Zaguk m

stmip naubtkr nckrd fm` bat rkpartk` ta ward tfmt [^Z^ Zastmc Iabky Ar`krs wkrk

ihsshbg mb` tfmt imhc wms ab fmb` whtf ba pastmgk meehxk`. Bmbny Nacchbs suspkntk` tfmt

K`wmr` Zaguk imy fmvk mlsnab`k` whtf eub`s erai fhs stmip mnnaubtmlhchty

75 Kx. 06 Pmsd Earnk ^tmee ^knurhty mb` ^mekty Ikiarmbùi Oucy < =88<.

b Kx. 06.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 57

Bmbny Nacchbs mcsa nmcck` tfk [.^. Zastmc Hbspknthab ^krvhnk ( [^ZH^ ) ta rkpart m

passhlck sfartmgk mb` ta altmhb guh`mbnk hb fmb`chbg ubimhck` ckttkrs mb` pmndmgks tfmt fm`

lkkb eaub` whtfaut mppraprhmtk pastmgk hb Ir. Zaguk's stmip `rmwkr.

Nmptmhb Dkbbk`y hiik`hmtkcy wkbt ta tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk hb tfk Cabgwartf

Luhc`hbg mb` wms lrhkek` hb tfk Zastimstkr's aeehnk ly tfk Zastimstkr \atm, Bmbny Nacchbs,

Nfhke a ^tmee Oambbm A'\aurdk, mb` Msshstmbt Zastimstkr ear Mnnaubtmlhchty Omiks îhtf,

K` wmr` Zaguk' s supkrvhsar. 6

Pfk Zast Aeehnk stmee lrhkek` tfk Nmphtac Zachnk ab tfk naursk a kvkbts ckm`hbg up ta

Ir. Zaguk's `hsmppkmrmbnk mb` tfk sulskqukbt `hsnavkrhks ly Omiks îhtf, wfa fm` apkbk`

tfk nmsf mb` stmip `rmwkr msshgbk` ta Ir. Zaguk hb tfk Mbbkx HH stmip naubtkr. Ir. îhtf

rkpartk` tfmt tfk `rmwkr wms mppraxhimtkcy $5,6:: sfart hb nmsf mb` stmip stand, mb` twa

lcmbd Zastmc Iabky Ar`krs, vmcuk` up ta $7;: kmnf, wkrk ihsshbg. Ir. Zaguk wms tfk abcy

hb`hvhùmc whtf mnnkss ta tfksk eub`s. Mb kvh`kbnk tkmi erai tfk Nmphtac Zachnk taad ehbgkr

prhbts mb` pfatagrmpfs a tfk nrhik snkbk. 78 Miabg tfk htkis eaub` hb Ir. Zaguk's

`rmwkr wms mb ub`mtk` mb` ubkbàrsk` pkrsabmc nfknd ear $;::.:: wrhttkb ly Okrry Nmrtkr,

tfk @hrkntar a Prmbspartmthab.

Lmsk` upab tfk hbearimthab tfmt fm` lkkb gmtfkrk` erai tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk, tfk

Nmphtac Zachnk nabsh`krk` Ir. Zaguk m suspknt hb tfk tfket a tfk ihsshbg Zastmc eub`s. Pfk

Nmphtac Zachnk lkchkvk` tfmt Ir. Zaguk wauc` mttkipt ta imdk pkrsabmc nabtmnt whtf fhs

emihcy ar atfkr hb`hvhùmcs ncask ta fhi mb` `knh`k` tfmt tfk hbvksthgmthab wauc` mwmht

hbearimthab ab K`wmr` Zaguk 's wfkrkmlauts erai erhkb`s mb` emihcy. M wmrrmbt ear fhs

mrrkst wms bat hssuk` mt tfmt thik.

t wms cmtkr ckmrbk` tfmt ab Mprhc <0, =88=, K`wmr` Zaguk fm` sac` Zastmc Iabky

Ar`krs tatmchbg $>8=. 7;. Eub`s erai tfk smck a tfksk Zastmc Iabky Ar`krs wkrk bat

rkihttk`. K`wmr` Zaguk fm` nacckntk` $77.8> pastmgk ear imhc lut `h` bat meehx tfk pastmgk

mb` emhck` ta rkiht tfk eub`s. Ab Imrnf <5, =88=, K`wmr` Zaguk fm` usk` fhs

mnnaubtmlhchty ta nmsf fhs awb pkrsabmc nfknd ear $=;:.:: wfhnf wms rkturbk` ùk ta

hbsueehnhkbt eub`s.

Zastimstkr \atm hbearik` Lmrlmrm Zaguk, Mìhbhstrmthvk Msshstmbt ta \kp. Oak

Gmyàs, a tfk shtumthab. Pfk `my lkeark sfk fm` lkkb tac` ly Fausk Zast Aeehnk stmee tfmt

6 Dkbbk`y tksthiaby, Mprhc =:, =88<, p. =<.

78 Kx. 0;, Nmphtac Zachnk Nrhik ^nkbk Mbmcyshs \kpart.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 8

\atm tfmt tfk Nmphtac Zachnk nabùnt m surprhsk mu`ht mt mcc stmip naubtkrs nabnurrkbtcy ab

Imy <8, =88=. 6 Mnnar`hbg ta Nmptmhb Dkbbk`y, Zastimstkr \atm smh` fk fm` lkkb mwmrk

ae nmsf `heehnucthks mt tfk Zast Aeehnk stmip naubtkrs ear ykmrs, lut fk bkvkr fm` tfk

rksaurnks ta nabùnt mb kxtkbshvk mu`ht ar rkvhkw. Zastimstkr \atm smh` tfmt fk fm̀ ta

`kpkb` ab tfk Wmsfhbgtab @.N. Zastimstkr ta nabùnt sunf rmbài rkvhkws. Pfksk mu`hts

wkrk nabùntk` mt tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk stmthabs abnk m ykmr ly tfk @. N. Zastimstkr, m

typhnmc prmnthnk ear sunf nabtrmnt stmthabs.

Zastimstkr \atm mgrkk` ta tfk mu`ht mb` Oambbm A'\aurdk pravh`k` tfk Nmphtac Zachnk

whtf m chst ae mcc stmip naubtkr pkrsabbkc. Zastimstkr \atm smh` fk ub`krstaa` tfmt tfk mu`ht

hbearimthab wauc` lk im`k mvmhcmlck ta tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk imbmgkikbt ehrst, mb` tfkb

ihgft lknaik tfk lmshs ae m nrhihbmc hbvksthgmthab mb` prasknuthab. 67

Hb tfk kmrcy iarbhbg ae Imy <8, =88=, [^Z^ pkrsabbkc ikt whtf Nmphtac Zachnk

aeehnkrs ta emihchmrhzk tfki ab stmip naubt prankùrks. Nfmrcks Wm`k, [.^. Zastmc ^krvhnk

Mbmcyst, skrvk` ms tknfbhnmc m`vhsar ear tfk Nmphtac Zachnk mu`ht. ^tmb`mr` [^Z^ prankùrks

hbncu`k mppramnfhbg kvkry stmip naubtkr shiuctmbkauscy mb` naubthbg kvkry `rmwkr hb tfk

prkskbnk ae tfk stmip naubtkr nckrd mnnaubtmlck ear tfk nurrkbny mb` stmips. Mt tfk ae

tfk hb`hvhùmc `rmwkr naubts ae nmsf mb` stmips, tfk stmip naubtkr nckrd mb` tfk mu`htar

nkrthey, ly shgbmturk, tfmt tfk naubt hs mnnurmtk mb` mcc hbearimthab ta tfk lkst ae tfkhr

dbawck`gk fms lkkb pravh`k`.

Mt 8?:: mi ab Imy <8, kckvkb Nmphtac Zachnk Nrhihbmc @hvhshab Aeehnkrs mrrhvk` mt

tfk ehvk Fausk Zast Aeehnk stmthabs ta lkghb tfk surprhsk mu`ht. Pfk mu`ht wms nabncu`k` mtmppraxhimtkcy <?:: mi ab Imy >:, 7 faurs cmtkr. Pfk mu`ht `hsnavkrk` m tatmc sfartmgk ae

$=0,:57.0= hb tfk stmip naubtkrs.

@ktknthvk Lcmdk mb` ^krgkmbt @ Milrasha ikt whtf Msshstmbt [.^. Mttarbky Imrd

@ulkstkr ( M[^M ) ab Oubk 0, 88 ta `hsnuss tfk pragrkss ae tfk hbvksthgmthab. Nmphtac

Zachnk ànuikbts rkecknt tfmt M [^M @ulkstkr tac` tfk aeehnkrs tfmt shbnk tfk hbvksthgmthab

wms hb hts prkchihbmry stmgks, tfkrk wms ba rkmsab ta rkckmsk mby rmw `mtm erai tfk Imy <8

mu`ht. Fk smh` tfk sfartmgks hb tfk `rmwkrs mcabk wkrk bat kbaugf ta wmrrmbt prasknuthab ae

mby ae tfk stmip naubtkr nckrds mb` hbtkrvhkws ae tfk stmip naubtkr nckrds wauc` lk ksskbthmc

ta tfk `kvkcapikbt ae tfk hbvksthgmthab.

65 Zastimstkr \atm stmtk` tfmt lk rkqukstk` tfk Nmphtac Zachnk mu`ht, metkr `hsnusshbg tfk shtumthab whtf tfkb

Fausk ^krgkmbt-mt-Mris, Omnd \uss. Nmptmhb Dkbbk`y's vkrshab ae tfk hbhthmthab ae tfk mu`ht hs suppartk` ly

atfkr tksthiaby mb` ànuikbts.

67 \atm tksthiaby pmgk <74 Dkbbk`y tksthiaby, Zg <7-<6.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 7

b Oubk 5, =88=, Zastimstkr \atm, Bmbny Nacchbs, mb` Oambbm A \aurdk ikt mgmhb

whtf Nmptmhb Dkbbk`y mb` @ktknthvk Lcmdk. Pfk Nmphtac Zachnk kxpcmhbk` tfmt bhbk a tfk

tfhrtkkb kipcaykks mu`htk` ab Imy <8 fm` sfartmgks a vmryhbg miaubts. Lmsk̀ ab

hbstrunthab ly tfk M[^M, tfk Nmphtac Zachnk `h` bat pravh`k hb`hvh`umc sfartmgk miaubts mb`

tac` tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk imbmgkikbt tfmt hbtkrvhkws whtf tfk kipcaykks wkrk ksskbthmc ta

tfk naipckthab a tfk hbvksthgmthab.



Omiks ^ihtf

CABGWA\PF

@. \hskbfaavkr

Xvabbk Wkclarbk

Carkbk Imrsfmcc66

Wkb`kcc Imgru`kr

\MXL[\B

Prkbt Nackimb

Cmwsab \agkrs

Mrktfm Ckwhs68

NMBBAB

Ihnfmkc Cupa

Krhn Echkgkr

NMZHPAC

Oubk Lay`stab

Bmbny Lurtab

MBBKV HH

Nkchm Guthkrrkz

K`wmr` Zaguk8

H PAPMC

Fausk Zast Aeehnk Mu`ht \ksucts

Avkrmgks mb` ^fartmgks)

Antalkr =88: Imv <8. =88=

mu`ht ly [^Z^ Nmphtac Zacck. Mu`ht

<0:.;> 7;=. =>

=0:.>;) <00.;0)

>=. =:) 0, =6<.8>)

86.;0) <8.8:

>=. =:) 0:6.;6

>>;.55) 5:.68

<5.:; <:.;8

=0.<< = ,855.5:)

=7.5=) <>8.<:)

5. =<) =,<;5.=0)

6>.67 >=:.;7)

=:.::

==8.;; 7, =>6.;<)

;,5>:.8>)

H =55.<5) H =8,586.>0) H

66 Carkbm Imrsfmcc wms mt tfk \mylurb ^tmthab ear tfk Oucy 8 [^ZH^ mu`ht.

68 Mrktfm Ckwhs wms mt tfk Nmphtac ^tmthab ear tfk Oucy 8, [^ZH^ mu`ht.

Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 7

Oucy 8, =88=[^Zrs Mu`ht

7:8.<6

=:7.;=)

=:,>:>. ==)

<= .5:

=>,887.>:)

=<5.>5)

68.;0

8.80

;.<:

;8.07

0.:5

7.67

0,<6;.>6)

;,5>:.8>)

>>,;0>.5>) H

8: Ir. Zaguks s mnnaubtmlhchty fm` lkkb naubtk` ly tfk Nmphtac Zachnk mb` [^ZH^ hb Mprhc. Ba mu`ht

rkpart ear Ir. Zaguk mppkmrs hb tfk Antalkr =88: [^Z^ mu`ht.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

mgk 7

Oambbm A'\aurdk alokntk` ta tfk hbtkrvhkw rkqukst, stmthbg tfmt tfk hbtkrvhkws sfauc`

lk àbk hb tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk hb tfk prkskbnk ae m Fausk Zast Aeehnk stmee ikilkr.

Bmbny Nacchbs kxprkssk` shihcmr aloknthabs, kspknhmccy whtf rkgmr` ta fkr sab-hb-cmw, Krhn

Echkgkr.

Zastimstkr \atm, babktfkckss, mgrkk` whtf tfk Nmphtac Zachnk tfmt tfk hbtkrvhkws whtf

Fausk Zast Aeehnk stmee sfauc` ga earwmr` ms tfk Nmphtac Zachnk rkqukstk`. Zastimstkr \atm

stmtk` tfmt fhs `rhvkr, Okrry Nmrtkr, wauc` pravh`k trmbspartmthab ear tfk kipcaykks ta tfk

Nmphtac Zachnk fkm`qumrtkrs mb` tfmt Oambbm A'\aurdk wauc` msshst whtf naar`hbmthab ae tfk

hbtkrvhkws. Pfk hbtkrvhkws wkrk ta lk nabùntk` avkr eaur `mys lkghbbhbg ab Oubk ==,

=88=.

Wfkb Zastimstkr \atm msdk` tfk Nmphtac Zachnk wfkb tfk mu`ht wauc` lk ehbhsfk` mb`

wfkb m napy wauc` lk ghvkb ta fhi, tfk Nmphtac Zachnk tac` fhi tfmt tfk mu`ht hbearimthab

fm` lkkb turbk` avkr ta tfk [.^. Mttarbky. @ktknthvk Lcmdk smh`, He yau wmbt yaur mu`ht,

nmcc tfk [.^. Mttarbky.

Hiik`hmtkcy eaccawhbg tfhs Oubk 5, =88=, ikkthbg whtf tfk Nmphtac Zachnk, Zastimstkr

\atm tksthehk` tfmt fk ikt whtf Fkmtfkr Eacky, tfk ^pkmdkr's Nfhke ae ^tmee, mb` ^tkvkb \ass,

Gkbkrmc Naubskc ta tfk Nckrd ae tfk Fausk. 8 Zastimstkr \atm rkcmtk` tfk ikkthbg wfhnf

fm` oust tmdkb pcmnk whtf tfk Nmphtac Zachnk mb` tfmt fk fm` mgrkk` whtf tfk Nmphtac Zachnk

rkqukst ta hbtkrvhkw Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks. Zastimstkr \atm smh` tfmt Ir. \ass tac̀

fhi tfmt Ir. \atm nauc` bat ckt tfk Nmphtac Zachnk hbtkrvhkw tfk kipcaykks whtfaut tfk

m`vhnk ae ckgmc naubskc. Ir. \ass tac` fhi ta nmcc tfk kipcaykks hiik`hmtkcy mb` tkcc tfki

tfky `h` bat fmvk ta spkmd ta tfk Nmphtac Zachnk he tfky `h` bat whsf ta, mb` tfmt tfky fm` tfk

rhgft ta naubskc.

Zastimstkr \atm wkbt ta tfk pfabk mb` bathehk` tfk kipcaykks8< mb` rkturbk` ta

spkmd whtf Irs. Eacky mb` Ir. \ass. Zastimstkr \atm tac̀ tfk Pmsd Earnk tfmt tfkrkmetkr

kvkrytfhbg fk `h` wms ly tfk `hrknthab ae Ir. \ass. Zastimstkr \atm smh` fk fmb`-nmrrhk`

rkparts ms tfky lknmik mvmhcmlck ta tfk ^pkmdkr's aeehnk mb` ta Ir. \ass. 8> Irs. Eacky

tksthehk` tfmt Ir. \ass dkpt fkr hbearik` ae `kvkcapikbts ùrhbg tfk suiikr mb` emcc ae

=88=.

8 Ir. \ass tksthehk` tfmt lk ehrst ckmrbk` mlaut tfk Zast Aeehnk sfartmgks ab Oubk =7, kckvkb `mys cmtkr.

Ir. \atm's rknaccknthab ae tkcchbg Ir. \ass ab Oubk 5 wms quhtk spknhehn mb` hs `hrkntcy suppartk` ly atfkr

tksthiaby mb` ànuikbts.

8< \atm tksthiaby, pmgk >5.

8> \atm tksthiaby, pmgk ;;.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 7>

Ir. \ass wms prkskbt mt tfk ûlnaiihttkk ab Ckghscmthvk Lrmbnf Mppraprhmthabs

fkmrhbg a Ombumry <>, =88<, mb` msshstk` Ir. \atm hb mbswkrhbg quksthabs rkgmr`hbg tfk

Wmsfhbgtab Phiks stary a tfk prkvhaus `my. Mt tfk fkmrhbg, hb rkspabsk ta quksthabs erai

ûlnaiihttkk Nfmhrimb Uhn Emzha, Zastimstkr \atm stmtk` Mbytfhbg kcsk H whcc rkekr ta

^tkvk. 80

Ab Oubk 7, tfkrk wkrk m builkr a tkckpfabk nmccs mb` `hsnusshabs lktwkkb vmrhaus

Fausk Aeehnkrs mb` kipcaykks wfhnf rksuctk` hb m ikkthbg lkhbg nmcck` hb Ir. \ass' aeehnk

ear Iab`my, Oubk =:, =88=.

Ab Oubk =:, m ikkthbg taad pcmnk hb Ir. \ass' aeehnk whtf Oafb Nmucehkc`, ^tkvkb

\ass, Ihdk Iurrmy (\ass' msshstmbt), \alkrt \atm, Oambbm A'\aurdk, mb` Bmbny Nacchbs. Mt

tfk ikkthbg, Ir. \atm rkqukstk` mcc imtkrhmcs rkcmthvk ta tfk Nmphtac Zachnk mu`ht a tfk stmip

naubtkr nckrds. Zastimstkr \atm nabtkb`k` tfmt tfk mu`ht wms ikmbt ear hbearimthabmc

purpasks, bat ta lkghb m nrhihbmc hbvksthgmthab. Pfk Nmphtac Zachnk nabthbuk` ta rkeusk ta

turb avkr hbearimthab .

Ir. \ass mb` Ir. \atm stmtk` tfmt tfkrk wauc` lk ba hbtkrvhkws a Zast Aeehnk

kipcaykks ubthc tfk Nmphtac Zachnk kxpcmhbk` wfkrk tfk hbvksthgmthab wms gahbg. Pfk

pastpabkikbt wauc` ghvk Ir. \atm m nfmbnk ta imdk narrknthabs hb tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk

lkeark tfk imttkr wms turbk` avkr ta prasknutars.

Ab Oubk ==, Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykks snfkùck` ear hbtkrvhkws whtf tfk Nmphtac

Zachnk `h` bat mppkmr mb` Nmphtac Zachnk aeehnkrs lkgmb nabtmnthbg Fausk Zast Aeehnk

kipcaykks autsh`k Zast Aeehnk emnhchthks, h.k. Fausk Zmrdhbg Cat #5, ta mttkipt ta hbtkrvhkwtfki. Iast kipcaykks mppmrkbtcy `h` bat naapkrmtk. 8

Lktwkkb Oubk ==-=7, skvkrmc m``hthabmc rkquksts wkrk im`k ly \alkrt \atm mb` tfkb

Fausk ^krgkmbt mt Mris Omnd \uss ear mcc Nmphtac Zachnk mu`ht hbearimthab, lut tfk Nmphtac

Zachnk `kbhk` tfk rkquksts. 85 Omnd \uss mcsa nmcck` Nfhke Dkrrhgmb nhthbg tfrkk pahbts? =

nabnkrb mlaut skpmrmthab a pawkrs hb rkgmr` ta Nmphtac Zachnk naapkrmthab whtf tfk [.^.

Mttarbky's aeehnk4 < tfk Nfhke wauc` rknkhvk m nmcc erai Ir. \ass mt tfk rkqukst a tfk

^pkmdkr a tfk Fausk4 mb` > tfmt tfk Nmphtac Zachnk wkrk aut a nabtrac hb tfk Zast Aeehnk

hbvksthgmthab.

80 Ckghscmthvk Lrmbnf Mppraprhmthabs Fkmrhbg, Ombumry <>, =88<, pmgk =<=.

8; Dkbbk`y tksthiaby.

85 \atm, Nacchbs, Dkbbk`y tksthiaby.




Ir. \ass tac` tfk Pmsd Earnk tfmt fk lkchkvk` tfmt tfk nabthbuk` hbvacvkikbt ly tfk

Nmphtac Zachnk rmhsk` m nabnkrb ms ta tfk mppraprhmtk rkcmthabsfhp lktwkkb tfk Nmphtac Zachnk

mb` tfk [.^. Mttarbky, mb`, hb pmrthnucmr, wfktfkr ht wms nabsthtuthabmccy mppraprhmtk ear tfk

Nmphtac Zachnk ta lk nabùnthbg hbvksthgmthabs ab lkfmce a tfk [.^ . Mttarbky. Ir. \ass

stmtk` tfmt fk hbhthmtk` tfk h`km a fmvhbg tfk Zastmc Hbspknthab ^krvhnk rkpcmnk tfk Nmphtac

Zachnk lknmusk tfk [^ZH^ fm` tfk kxpkrthsk mb` kxpkrhkbnk hb `kmchbg whtf past aeehnk

hbvksthgmthabs mb` mu`hts. Lkeark iavhbg earwmr` whtf tfhs h`km, Ir. \ass smh̀ tfmt fk

nabsuctk` Ir. \atm, Ir. Nmucehkc` mb` tfk ^pkmdkr, kmnf a wfai pkrsabmccy hb`hnmtk`

suppart.

Ir. \ass mrrmbgk` m ikkthbg whtf tfk @kpmrtikbt a Ousthnk ab Oubk <5, =88=,

mttkb`k` ly Imrsfmcc Omrrktt, nfhke a tfk Nrhihbmc @hvhshab a tfk [.^ . Mttarbky's aeehnk,

M[^M @ulkstkr, mb` Oafb Nmucehkc -̀. Mnnar`hbg ta Ir. \ass, twa ar tfrkk `mys metkr tfk

ikkthbg Ir. Omrrktt nmcck` Ir. \ass ta hbeari fhi tfmt tfk [.^. Mttarbky, Omy ^tkpfkbs, fm`

`ktkrihbk` tfmt tfk Zastmc Hbspknthab ^krvhnk sfauc` lk tfk ckm` mgkbny nabùnthbg tfk

hbvksthgmthab.

Ir. \ a ~ 2 ikt whtf Zastmc Hbspkntars Kc`kr mb` Mnfhiavhn ab Oucy >, mb` tfk

mrrmbgkikbt wms ikiarhmchzk` hb m ckttkr ta @.N. ^pmrds, Hbspkntar hb Nfmrgk a tfk

Wmsfhbgtab @hvhshab a tfk [^ZH^. Pfk Zastmc Hbspkntars tfkb mrrmbgk` ta nabùnt mb mu`ht

ab Oucy 8, =88=, a tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk's mnnaubtmlhchty. 86

Ab Oucy 8, tfk [^ZH^ mu`htk` tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk stmip naubtkrs whtfaut tfk

msshstmbnk a tfk Nmphtac Zachnk. Pfk mu`ht eaub` sulstmbthmc kvh`kbnk a kilkzzckikbt mb` m

sfartmgk a >>,;5:.:7. Pfk [^ZH^ rkpartk` tfhs hbearimthab Zastimstkr \atm ab Oucy =8

=88<.88

Ab Oucy =: Oafb Nmucehkc` nmcck` Nmphtac Zachnk @ktknthvk Pabym Lcmdk ta hbeari fkr

tfmt Zastimstkr \atm mb` tfk [.^. Mttarbky fm` mgrkk` tfmt tfk Nmphtac Zachnk wauc` suppart

mb hbvksthgmthab a tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk, lut bat ckm` tfk hbvksthgmthab . Mcc Nmphtac Zachnk

hbearimthab wfhnf fm` lkkb gmtfkrk` wms ta lk skbt ta tfk @AO. @ktknthvk Lcmdk mb`

Nmptmhb Dkbbk`y hbearik` Nfhke Dkrrhgmb, wfa wms ubmwmrk a \ass' keearts whtf tfk @AO.

Wfkb tfk Zast Aeehnk hbvksthgmthab wms im`k pulchn hb Ombumry, tfk Nmphtac Zachnk

wkrk nmcck` ly @AO wfa rkqukstk` tfmt tfky turb avkr tfkhr ehcks. Pwa Nmphtac Zachnk

aeehnkrs mrk `kshgbmtk` hbvksthgmtars ear tfk [.^. Mttarbky mb` tfk Grmb` Oury.

86 Kx. ;8, \ass ta [^ZH^ Ckttkr, Oucy 6, =88=.

88 Kx. >6, [^ZH^, \kpart ab Oucy 8 Mu`ht, Oucy =8, =88=.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk

Pfk [^ZH^ nabùntk` m naipcktk mu`ht a tfk ehvk Fausk Zast Aeehnk stmthabs ab Oucy

8, =88=. @urhbg tfk naursk a tfhs mu`ht, m bkt sfartmgk a >>,;5:.:7 wms `hsnavkrk`. M

napy a tfk mu`ht ehb`hbgs wkrk earimccy prkskbtk` ta Zastimstkr \atm ly ckttkr, `mtk`

^kptkilkr <>, =88=4 passhlck vhacmthabs a Ek`krmc cmw wkrk prkskbtk` ta tfk [.^. Mttarbky

ms m rksuct a tfhs mu`ht.

Abk nabnkrb a tfk Nmphtac Zachnk wfkb tfk hbvksthgmthab wms ta lk turbk` avkr ta tfk

[.^. Zastmc Hbspkntars wms tfmt prkvhaus mu`hts ly tfk [^Z^ fm` bat `hsnavkrk` tfk

kilkzzckikbt wfhnf tfk Zachnk lkchkvk` wms annurrhbg. t sfauc` lk batk` tfmt tfk [.^.

Zastmc Hbspknthab ^krvhnk mb` tfk [.^. Zast Aeehnk mrk `heekrkbt argmbhzmthabs mb` tfk [.^.

Zastmc Hbspknthab ^krvhnk fms kxtkbshvk kxpkrhkbnk hb nabùnthbg nrhihbmc hbvksthgmthabs. = >

Pfk [^ZH^ `h` bat nabùnt mby prkvhaus mu`hts a tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk.

Zrhar ta tfk kvkbts tfmt ck` ta tfk nrkmthab a tfk Pmsd Earnk, kipcaykks a tfk

Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. Zast Aeehnk im`k chttck ar ba keeart ta imdk tfkhr mbbumc mu`hts ab mb

ubmbbaubnk` lmshs. Mb kipcaykk a tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk smh` tfmt fk fms, ab annmshab,

rknkhvk` pfabk nmccs erai tfk Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. Zast Aeehnk rkquksthbg tfmt trmbspartmthab lk

eurbhsfk` ear tfk mu`htars. Hb mbatfkr ~ b s t m b n k mb mu`htar wms avkrfkmr` `hsnusshbg tfk thik

mb` pcmnk a tfk bkxt mu`ht hb tfk prkskbnk a Fausk Zast Aeehnk pkrsabbkc. Pfk mu`hts wkrk

mcsa nmrrhk` aut hb ncask skqukbnk mccawhbg kipcaykks ta mbthnhpmtk up naihbg mu`ht mnthvhty.

^tmthabs wkrk mu`htk` hb skqukbnk, rmtfkr tfmb shiuctmbkauscy ar rmbàicy, mccawhbg stmip

naubtkr stmee ta mckrt atfkr stmthabs ta tfk mu`ht.

M rkvhkw a mu`hts pkrearik` ly tfk Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. Zast Aeehnk ùrhbg =868 mb`

=88: rkecknt ehb`hbgs a sfartmgks hb kxnkss a tackrmbnk ab eaur annmshabs. Ear kxmipck,

tfkrk hs ba rknar` a tfk sfartmgk a =,<5;.5< `hsnavkrk` mt tfk \mylurb stmthab ab Imy <5,

=868 ar atfkr cksskr sfartmgks fmvhbg lkkb rkpartk` ta tfk [^ZH^ ly tfk Wmsfhbgtab, @.N.

Zast Aeehnk mu`htars.

= > Pmsd Earnk stmee Dkrrhgmb hbtkrvhkw batks.



N. Naiihttkk Ab Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab @kianrmthn ^tmee

Pmsd Earnk \k{VOrt

Zmgk 76

Metkr mcckgmthabs ae Fausk Zast Aeehnk sfartmgks mppkmrk` b tfk prkss,

@kianrmthn Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab st ee nabùntk` m rkvhkw ae tfk Fausk Zast

Aeehnk.

Ab Ombumry <7, =88<, Fkh`h Zkb`kr, ^pknhmc Naubskc ta Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab

Nfmhrimb Nfmrchk \ask, hbhthmtk` m rkvhkw a tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk hb chgft a tfk iucthpck

mcckgmthabs mppkmrhbg hb tfk bkws ik`hm. =:0 Pfk rkvhkw a tfk Zast Aeehnk apkrmthabs wms

nfmhrk` ly \kp. Imry \ask Amdmr. \kp. Nfmrchk \ask rkqukstk` tfmt Zastimstkr \atm kbsurk

tfmt Zast Aeehnk stmee wkrk mvmhcmlck ear hbtkrvhkws ta lk nabùntk` ly \kp. Amdmr stmee.=:;

Erai cmtk Ombumry ta kmrcy Eklrumry tfk @kianrmthn stmee hbtkrvhkwk` <6 hb`hvhùmcs hbvacvk`

hb tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk's apkrmthab mb` imbmgkikbt.

. Ba earimc rknaiikb`mthabs ar earimc nabncushabs a tfk @kianrmthn stmee rkvhkw

wkrk prkskbtk` ear Naiihttkk mnthab. Pfk @kianrmthn stmee hbvksthgmthab nabncu`k` oust

prhar ta tfk Fausk màpthbg F.\ks. >0:, wfhnf nmcck` ear m lhpmrthsmb Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab

Naiihttkk hbvksthgmthab a tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk.

Pfk hbearimthab altmhbk` erai tfk @kianhmthn Fausk Zast Aeehnk rkvhkw wms

nabvkyk` ta tfk \kpulchnmb stmee tfraugf m lrhkehbg fkc` ab Imrnf ; =88<, mb` suiimrhks

a saik @kianrmthn stmee hbtkrvhkw batks wkrk pravh`k` ta tfk \kpulchnmb stmee ab Mprhc =

=88<.

HU. Mnthbg Zastimstkr's Mnthvhthks

Ihnfmkc O. ^fhbmy, Kxknuthvk Msshstmbt t tfk Zastimstkr Gkbkrmc ae tfk [bhtk` ^tmtks

Zastmc ^krvhnk wms msshgbk` ta tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk ub`kr tfk Kxknuthvk ab Camb

pragrmi ae tfk [^Z^ mb` swarb hb ab Imrnf >=, =88<.

Pfk nurrkbt Zastimstkr, Ihnfmkc ^fhbmy wms swarb hb Imrnf >=, =88< mb` aeehnhmccy

mssuik` rksHVObshlhchty ear tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk Mprhc = =88<. Zastimstkr ^fhbmy hs mb

kxpkrhkbnk` praeksshabmc Zastmc Imbmgkr wfa fac`s tfk pashthab a Kxknuthvk Msshstmbt ta tfk

Zastimstkr Gkbkrmc a tfk [bhtk` ^tmtks Zastmc ^krvhnk. Fk wms msshgbk` ta tfk Fausk Zast

Aeehnk ub`kr tfk Kxknuthvk ab Camb pragrmi a tfk [^Z^.

Zastimstkr ^fhbmy stmtk` tfmt fk eaub` nab`hthabs mt tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk nfmathn.

Pfk aeehnks wkrk ncuttkrk` mb` hb `hsar`kr. Atfkrwhsk naipktkbt kipcaykks kvh`kbnk`, hb

= 0 \hnfhk Zawkrs lrhkehbg ta \kpulchnmb stmee.

=:; Kx. ;=, Nfmhrimb \ask ta \atm Ckttkr, Ombumry <6, =88<.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 78

fhs war`s, m lubdkr ikbtmchty . Fk `ksnrhlk` tfk mìhbhstrmthab stmee ms gkbkrmccy nmpmlck

lut ub`kr uthchzk`. Pfkrk wms m cmnd a imbmgkikbt nabtrac mb` vhrtumccy ba wrhttkb

prankùrks ta guh`k `n h y ta `my mnthvhthks. ûpkrvhsars, wfhck whcchbg, kvh`kbnk` m pmst cmnd

a guh`mbnk mb` ckm`krsfhp. Pfkrk wms chttck skbsk a rkspabshlhchty whtf rkspknt ta `mhcy

thikdkkphbg mb` mttkb`mbnk. Ckmvk pachny wms bat stmb`mr`hzk` mb` hb saik hbstmbnks

mppkmrk` ta lk hbecukbnk` ly emvarhthsi. Zastimstkr ^fhbmy eaub` imby aeehnk pashthabs

wkrk mccattk` hbsueehnhkbt ùthks ta ousthey m eucc thik msshgbikbt. Atfkr pashthabs wkrk eaub`

ta lk msshgbk` ta mnthvhthks abcy hb`hrkntcy rkcmtk` ta Fausk Zast Aeehnk rkspabshlhchty.

b mb keeart ta rkeanus tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk ab hts prhimry eubnthab, tfmt a

pravh`hbg thikcy mb` keehnhkbt imhc skrvhnk ear tfk Ikilkrs, tfk eaccawhbg mnthabs wkrk

tmdkb ly Zastimstkr ^fhbmy.

a @kmr Nacckmguk ckttkrs mrk ba cabgkr rkpraùnk` ly Zast Aeehnk pkrsabbkcushbg Zast Aeehnk kquhpikbt (Mciast eucc-thik ward ear abk kipcaykk).

a @mtm hbput pkrsabbkc wkrk `kshgbmtk` mb` trmhbk` ta hipckikbt tfk ermbdk`

imhc naubt pragrmi.

a Mcc supkrvhsars wkrk lrhkek` ms ta kxhsthbg argmbhzmthabmc rkcmthabsfhps mb`

rkckvmbt oal `ksnrhpthabs mb` pmy ckvkcs.

a Zashthabs wkrk rkvhkwk` mb` nabsach`mtk` wfkrk passhlck (Pkckx mb`

Mnnaubtmlck Imhc).

a @kmr Nacckmguk ckttkrs mrk ba cabgkr imhck̀ ta bab-Ikilkrs ar argmbhzmthabs.

a Phik mb` mttkb`mbnk pachnhks wkrk nfmbgk` ta pravh`k ear bab pmh` cubnf

pkrha`s. Ward `my hs baw mb khgft faur ward `my. (Zrkvhaus pachny wms abk

faur pmh` cubnf rksucthbg hb m skvkb faur ward `my).

a Avkrthik mb` naipkbsmtary thik iust baw lk mutfarhzk` mb` mppravk` ly tfk

bkxt fhgfkr supkrvhsar. ûpkrvhsars imy ba cabgkr mppravk tfkhr awb

naipkbsmtary thik.

a M prankùrk wms hbhthmtk` ta fhrk tkiparmry imhc fmb`chbg kipcaykks erai

Wmsfhbgtab @.N. Zast Aeehnk kipcaykk chst a qumchehk` pkrsabbkc.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 6:

Hb tfk mrkm a fmb`chbg mb` pranksshbg, tfk eaccawhbg nfmbgks fmvk lkkb im`k?

a Mppraprhmtk pkrsabbkc fmvk lkkb skbt ta tfk [^Z^ emnhchty mt @uccks Mhrpart tackmrb imhc pranksshbg prankùrks.

a M Zastmc spknhmchst fms lkkb lraugft hb ta msshst hb hipckikbthbg tfk bkw Lmr

Na`k ârt Zragrmi.

a M``hthabmc imhc sarthbg nmsks fmvk lkkb altmhbk` erai tfk [^Z^ ta rkpcmnk

aut`mtk` mb` bab-stmb`mr` kquhpikbt prkvhauscy usk` .

a FH^ naurhkr skrvhnk fms lkkb rkmsshgbk` .

a Imhbtkbmbnk mb` nusta`hmc ùthks fms lkkb rkmsshgbk` ta tfk Mrnfhtknt s Aeehnk.

a Apkrmthbg faurs ear imhc pranksshbg fmvk lkkb rkvhkwk` ta `ktkrihbk tfk

ekmshlhchty a rkùnhbg ^mtur`my avkrthik faurs .

Ir. ^fh bmy fms mcsa mbbaubnk` m nfmbgk hb imhc raai sfhets wfhnf sfauc` hipravk

tfk imhc raai keehnhkbny mb` kchihbmtk tfk avkrbhgft sfhet. Pfk kchihbmthab a tfk avkrbhgft

imhc sfhet hs passhlck lknmusk a b hbnrkmsk hb praùnthvhty. Zraùnthvhty fms hbnrkmsk`

lknmusk past aeehnk kipcaykks baw ward m eucc khgft-faur `my mb` mlskbtkkhsi mb` avkrthik

fmvk lkkb nurtmhck`. Pfksk nfmbgks fmvk hipravk` past aeehnk iarmck mb` abk sfhet

supkrvhsar naiikbtk` tfmt ear tfk ehrst thik hb twkcvk ykmrs fk ekkcs chdk m praeksshabmc.



HNckrd hb Nfmrgk Cabgwartf

F^ ;

HNawhtkr Nckrd

F^ 0>

ausk Zast Aeehnk

^tmthab Apkrmthabs

Mnthbg Zastimstkr

HImbmgkr ^tmthab Apkrmthabs

F^ ==

HH

Nckrd hb Nfmrgk Mbbkx HH Nckrd hb Nfmrgk \mylurb Nckrd hb Nfmrgk Nmbbab

F^ ; F^ ; F^ ;

H H HNawhtkr Nckrd Nawhtkr Nckrd Nawhtkr Nckrd

F^ 0 F^ 0<

F^ 0

Zmgk

HNckrd hb Nfmrgk Nmphtac

-F^ ;

HNawhtkr Nckrd

F^ 0



U. rmbdk` Imhc Mnnaubtmlhchty

Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 67

Pfk Naiihttkk ab Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab màptk` rkvhsk` \kgucmthabs ar tfk Aeehnhmc

Imhc Mccawmbnk keeknthvk Mprhc = =88< wfhnf rkquhrk tfk Aeehnk a tfk Zastimstkr ta

mnnaubt ar Fausk a \kprkskbtmthvks ermbdk` imhc nacckntk` y tfk Fausk Zastimstkr.

Pfk 88 Ckghscmthvk Lrmbnf Mppraprhmthabs Mnt kstmlchsfk` tfk Aeehnhmc Imhc

Mccawmbnk , lkghbbhbg hb tfk =:<b` Nabgrkss, wfhnf hs ta lk usk` ta pmy ear tfk pastmgk

nasts ae mcc ermbdk` imhc arhghbmthbg hb tfk Fausk ae \kprkskbtmthvks . [b`kr tfk Mnt, mcc

mutfarhzk` uskrs ae tfk ermbd mrk hb`hvhùmccy mnnaubtmlck ear tfk pastmgk nast ae tfkhr

ermbdk` imhc, mb` tfk Zastimstkr Gkbkrmc wms hbstruntk` bat ta `kchvkr tfk imhc ae mbyabk

wfa kxfmustk` fhs ar fkr Aeehnhmc Imhc Mccawmbnk.

Zrhar ta tfk hipckikbtmthab ae tfk Aeehnhmc Imhc Mccawmbnk hb tfk Fausk, tfkrk wms

ba mnnaubthbg ear hb`hvhùmc usk ae tfk ermbd usk. Pfk [.^. Zastmc ^krvhnk `ktkrihbk` tfk

prapkr miaubt ta lk nfmrgk` ta tfk Fausk ly smipchbg lmgs ae Fausk ae \kprkskbtmthvks

imhc mb` ushbg m eariucm wfhnf mppraxhimtk` tfk ihx ae imhc ckmvhbg tfk Fausk. Pfk

smipchbg systc.?b wms erkqukbtcy nfkndk` mgmhbst tfk eariucm ta kbsurk tfk mnnurmny ae tfk

systki, lut ba hb`hvhùmc mnnaubthbg ly mutfarhzk` uskr taad pcmnk. Hb keeknt, tfk [^Z^

nfmrgk` tfk Fausk ear tfk nast ae ermbdk` imhc ly tfk wkhgft ae imhc smnds ckmvhbg tfk

Fausk.

@urhbg tfk ehrst sksshab ae tfk =:<b` Nabgrkss, tfk Naiihttkk hipckikbtk` m imbumc

mnnaubthbg systki, rkquhrhbg kmnf Fausk aeehnk ta mnnaubt ear hts ermbdk` imhc ab m prksnrhlk`

eari, mb` ta rkpart tfk miaubt mb` nast ae mcc ermbdk` imhc ab m iabtfcy lmshs ta tfk Fausk

Ehbmbnk Aeehnk. Pfk eari mnnaubtk` ear imhc arhghbmthbg hb latf Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. mb` hb tfk

nabgrksshabmc `hstrhnt aeehnks ae Ikilkrs. Pfk eari `h` bat mnnaubt ear ermbdk` imhc wfhnf wms

mnnaubtk` ear ab [^Z^ >5:< pkriht imhc earis (prkàihbmbtcy imss imhchbgs fmb`ck` ly tfk

eac`hbg raai mb` atfkr imhc nabtrmntars). Imby nabgrksshabmc aeehnks eaub` tfk prankss latf

nabeushbg mb` thik nabsuihbg, mb` tfk Ehbmbnk Aeehnk rkpartk` `heehnucty hb altmhbhbg tfk

rkquhrk` hbearimthab hb m thikcy imbbkr, pmrthnucmrcy erai rkiatk `hstrhnt aeehnks.

Ms m rksuct, tfk Naiihttkk nabsh`krk` m builkr ae mctkrbmthvks ta tfk imbumc mnnaubthbg

systki, hbncu`hbg tfk usk ae naiikrnhmc pastmgk iktkrs ar nabgrksshabmc stmips. Metkr

kxmihbmthab ae vmrhaus mctkrbmthvks, tfk Naiihttkk `knh`k` ta prankk` whtf m nkbtrmchzk` imhc

mnnaubthbg systki ear ermbdk` imhc fmb`ck` ly tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk mb` whtf `knkbtrmchzk`

mnnaubthbg hb nabgrksshabmc `hstrhnt aeehnks, ushbg khtfkr tfk imbumc mnnaubthbg systki tfkb hb

pcmnk, ar pastmgk iktkrs.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 66

Ab Eklrumry <7, =88<, tfk Naiihttkk ab Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab màptk` rkvhsk`

\kgucmthabs ear tfk Aeehnhmc Imhc Mccawmbnk, keeknthvk Mprhc =, =88<, wfhnf rkquhrk` tfk Aeehnk

a tfk Zastimstkr ta mnnaubt ear Fausk a \kprkskbtmthvks ermbdk` imhc nacckntk` ly tfk Fausk

Zastimstkr. =:6 Pfk rkgucmthabs stmtk?

>. Wmsfhbgtab. @.N. `rap imhc mnnaubtmlhchty. (Imhc bat mnnaubtk` ear ab Z^ >5:< earis).

m) Imhc nacckntk` ly tfk Fausk Zastimstkr sfmcc lk mnnaubtk` ear ly tfk Fausk

Zastimstkr's mutaimtk` systki. Pfk Fausk Zastimstkr sfmcc

h) naipcktk m iabtfcy suiimry a mutfarhzk` uskrs' pastmgk nfmrgks mb`

earwmr` ht ta tfk Ehbmbnk Aeehnk ly tfk sknab` wardhbg `my metkr tfk kb` a

tfk iabtf4

hh) bat `kcmy ar fac` mby imhc4 mb`

hhh) nabsuct whtf tfk Zastmc ^krvhnk ta kstmlchsf mnnaubthbg prankùrks, rkparts

mb` pastimrds. Lkghbbhbg whtf tfk =:>r` Nabgrkss, tfk Zastmc ^krvhnk whcc

usk t.fk Fausk Zastimstkr's mnnaubthbg ta `ktkrihbk tfk Fausk lhcc ear

pastmgk.

l) Imhc kchghlck ear pastmgk `hsnaubts sfauc` lk fmb`ck` ly tfk Eac`hbg \aai.

Pfk Fausk Zastimstkr's mutaimtk` systki mnnaubts ear mutfarhzk` uskrs' usk a tfk ermbd

ly rkm`hbg lmrna`ks prhbtk` ab ermbdk` kbvkcapks, cmlkcs ar nmr`s. Lkghbbhbg hb Ombumry, =88<

tfk Gavkrbikbt Zrhbthbg Aeehnk ( GZA ) lkgmb prhbthbg Zastbkt mnnaubthbg lmrna`ks

narrkspab`hbg ta tfk mnnaubt builkr a Ikilkrs, Naiihttkks mb` atfkr mutfarhzk` uskrs hb tfk

cawkr cket narbkr a 8, #=: mb` shihcmr kbvkcapks. Ear ckttkr, ckgmc mb` atfkr ecmt kbvkcapks, tfk

GZA prhbts [ZN mnnaubthbg lmrna`ks hb tfk cawkr cket narbkr.

Ab Imrnf 5, =88<, Nfmhrimb \ask mb` \kp. Lhcc Pfaims, \mbdhbg \kpulchnmb Ikilkr,

wratk Ikilkrs a tfk Fausk rkgmr`hbg tfk Eklrumry <7, =88< Naiihttkk ikkthbg mb` kbncask` m

napy a tfk Aeehnhmc Imhc Mccawmbnk rkgucmthabs.

Ab Imrnf >=, =88<, Nfmhrimb \ask mb` \kp. Lhcc Pfaims wratk Zastimstkr ^fhbmy

nabnkrbhbg tfk Fausk Zastimstkr's mnnaubthbg a Fausk a \kprkskbtmthvks ermbdk` imhc nacckntk`

ly tfk Fausk Zastimstkr. Hb tfk ckttkr, \ask mb` Pfaims kxprkssk` tfk Naiihttkk's

ub`krstmb`hbg tfmt tfk Fausk Zastimstkr whcc mnnaubt ear mcc ermbdk` imhc nacckntk` ly tfk Fausk

= 6 Naiihttkk ab Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab Ikkthbg Prmbsnrhpt, Eklrumry <7, =88<, p. =:.



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 8:

Pfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk iust lk mnnaubtmlck ta m trucy lhpmrthsmb Fausk avkrshgft strunturk.

• M lhpmrthsmb Avkrshgft ûlnaiihttkk a tfk Naiihttkk ab Fausk Mìhbhstrmthab

sfauc` lk kstmlchsfk` wfhnf hs bat suloknt ta tfk avkrrh`k a tfk pmrthsmb eucc

naiihttkk hb tfk kvkbt a m thk vatk.

• Pfk nurrkbt strunturk a tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk Pmsd Earnk sfauc` rkimhb hb pcmnk

ta eaccaw up ab ubmbswkrk` quksthabs mb` eurtfkr imbmgkikbt pralckis ubnavkrk`

ly tfk [.^. Mttarbky mb` tfk Naiihttkk ab ^tmb`mr`s.

• b mctkrbmthvk hb`kpkb`kbt hbvksthgmtary prankùrk sfauc` lk `kvkcapk` hb tfk

kvkbt tfmt m lhpmrthsmbsfhp hbvksthgmthab àks bat ward hb tfk euturk.

• Pfk Mnthbg Zastimstkr sfauc` rkimhb hb pcmnk ubthc tfk mlavk avkrshgft strunturk

fms lkkb hipckikbtk`.

• Fausk Zast Aeehnk sfauc` lknaik m bab-pmrthsmb praeksshabmccy imbmgk` apkrmthab

ub`kr lhpmrthsmb Fausk avkrshgft.

• Fausk Zast Aeehnk rkgucmthabs prankùrks mb` pmy snmcks sfauc` lk lmsk` ms emr

ms prmnthnmc ab [^Z^ \kgucmthabs mb` prankùrks.

• [^Z^ ubmbbaubnk` mu`hts sfauc` lk nabùntk` mt ckmst ms aetkb ms [^Z^

\kgucmthabs rkquhrk.

• Mbbumc pkrearimbnk rkvhkws a tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk sfauc` lk nabùntk` ta

naipmrk tfk keehnhkbny a tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk whtf m naipmrmlck [^Z^ mb`

naiikrnhmc emnhchthks.

• Pfk lhpmrthsmb Avkrshgft ûlnaiihttkk sfauc` imhbtmhb mb abgahbg rkvhkw a tfk

Fausk Zast Aeehnk ta prkvkbt mb` fmb`ck sulstmbnk mlusk skxumc fmrmssikbt

kipcaykk hbthih`mthab mb` atfkr skrhaus pkrsabbkc pralckis.



L. Mu`hts mb` Iabhtarhbg.

Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 8=

t hs nckmr ghvkb tfk hipartmbnk, shzk mb` ubhquk strunturk ae tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk, tfmt

tfkrk iust lk ncaskr iabhtarhbg ly latf tfk Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. Zast Aeehnk mb` tfk [ ^. Zastmc

Hbspknthab ^krvhnk. Pfk Zastmc Hbspknthab ^krvhnk sfauc` nmrkeuccy rkvhkw hts awb rkspabskprankùrks ta pralckis hbvacvhbg passhlck nrhihbmc vhacmthabs mt tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk.

Ghvkb tfk pmst pkrearimbnk ae tfk Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. Zast Aeehnk whtf rkgmr` ta mu`hts mb`

nurrkbt ubskttck` ourhs`hnthab pralckis, spknhehn ourhs`hnthab pachny sfauc` lk `kehbk` lktwkkb tfk

Nmphtac Zachnk, tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk, tfk Wmsfhbgtab, @.N. Zast Aeehnk, mb` tfk [.^. Zastmc

Hbspknthab ^krvhnk.

Mb mu`ht pragrmi sfauc` lk `kvkcapk` ta hbsurk tfmt ubmbbaubnk` mu`hts mrk nmrrhk` aut hb

m rmbài emsfhab ta prkncu`k kipcaykk mbthnhpmthab ae hipkb`hbg stmip naubts. Pfk Zastmc

Hbspknthab ^krvhnk sfauc` iabhtar tfk Wmsfhbgtab Zastimstkr Mu`ht Zragrmi mb` nabùnt hts awb

mu`ht mt ckmst lhykmrcy. Pfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk iust kstmlchsf spknhehn rkspabshlhchty ear mbkeeknthvk hb-fausk mu`ht pragrmi. Pfk pmst prmnthnk ae skce mu`ht sfauc` bat lk rkchk` upab ms

sueehnhkbt ta smthsey tfk rkquhrkikbts ae saub` ehbmbnhmc nabtracs.

Pfk eaccawhbg Fausk Zast Aeehnk mnthvhthks sfauc` lk prafhlhtk`?

• Nfknd nmsfhbg ae mby dhb`4

• Kxnfmbgk ae stmips mb` atfkr Zastmc praùnts ear nmsf4

• Avkrthik pmy ear mby atfkr purpask tfmb mntumc avkrthik wardk`4

• Mby naurhkr skrvhnk bat rkcmtk` ta tfk `kchvkry ae aeehnhmc imhc ar tfk pmsspart

skrvhnk nurrkbtcy pravh`k` ly tfk Fausk Zast Aeehnk4

• Ward ly mby Fausk Zast Aeehnk kipcaykk hb mby nmpmnhty atfkr tfmb ear aeehnhmc

Fausk Zast Aeehnk purpasks.



UHH. Mppkb`hx b` Kxfhlht @anuikbts

Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 80

@anuikbts rkcmthbg ta tfk Pmsd Earnk hbvksthgmthab mb` supparthbg tfk Pmsd Earnk \kpart

a tfk Apkrmthabs mb` Imbmgkikbt a tfk Aeehnk a Zastimstkr

Kxfhlht Chst

=. F.\ks. >0:

<. Eklrumry ;, =88< Nabgrksshabmc \knar`, p. F<8; ta F>:5

>. F.\ks. 0>:

0. Mprhc 8, =88< Nabgrksshabmc \knar`, p. F<;<8 ta F<;>0

;. F.\ks. 0;5

5. Imy =0 =88< Nabgrksshabmc \knar`, p. F><7; ta F><6>

7. Imy <6, =88< Nabgrksshabmc \knar`, p. F>686 ta F>8:>

6. Pmsd Earnk stmee chst

8. Pmsd Earnk ta @AO ckttkr ae Imrnf <;, =88<

=:. @AO ta Pmsd Earnk ckttkr ae Imrnf <7, =88<

==. Mnfhiavhn ta Pmsd Earnk ckttkr ae Mprhc =;, =88< mb` Pmsd Earnk ta Mnfhiavhn ckttkr ae

Mprhc <:, =88<

=<. Eacky, Ihnfkc, \ask, Pfaims ta @AO ckttkr ae Mprhc <, =88<

=>. @AO ta Eacky, Ihnfkc, \ask, Pfaims ckttkr ae Mprhc <0, =88<

=0. @AO ta Pmsd Earnk ckttkr ae Imy 0, =88<

=;. Pmsd Earnk t @AO ckttkr ae Imy 7, =88<

=5. Ihnfkc/Pfaims ta @AO ckttkr ae Imy =<, =88<. bkw ;)

=7. @AO ta Ihnfkc/Pfaims ckttkr ae Imy <<, =88<. bkw ;)

=6. @AO ta Pmsd Earnk ckttkr ae Oubk = =88<. bkw ;)



Pmsd Earnk \kpart

Zmgk 85

>6. Oucy =8, =88= [^ZH^ prkchihbmry rkpart ta Zastimstkr \atm ab Oucy 8, =88= [^ZH^ mu`ht.

>8. Pmsd Earnk ta Ktfhns Naiihttkk ckttkr a Oubk 6, =88<, mb` Ktfhns Naiihttkk ta Pmsd

Earnk ckttkr a Oubk =;, =88<

0:. =6 [.^.N. § 5:7

0=. Ktfhns Imbumc ear Ikilkrs. Aeehnkrs. mb` Kipcaykks a tfk [.^. Fausk a

\kprkskbtmthvks, p. <6;

0<. Fausk Zast Aeehnk Zmsspart mb` Uhsm ^krvhnk \kpart ear =88:

0>. @rmet kipcaykk `hsnhpchbk ckttkr erai Oambbm A \aurdk naiputkr ehcks.

00. Zastimstkr \atm s Imhchbg Chst M``rkss Cmlkcs

0;. [.^. Nmphtac Zachnk Nrhik· ^nkbk Mbmcyshs \kpart.

05. Hbstrunthabs mb` `hrknthabs ta Okrry Nmrtkr ear pkrsabmc krrmb`s mb` `kchvkrhks

0 7. Z->:: Kxprkss Imhc Cmlkcs

06. ^knurhty mb` ^mekty rkpart a Cabgwartf FAL Zast Aeehnk emnhchthks

08. \ass ta ^pmrds ckttkr a Oucy 6, =88=

;:. [^ZH^ ta [.^. Mttarbky Omy ^tkpfkb ckttkr a Imy <8, =88=

;=. \ask ta \atm ckttkr a Ombumry <6, =88< nabnkrbhbg Fausk M`ihbhstrmthab Imoarhty stmee

hbvksthgmthab.

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