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PREFJ,CEEF----g

The i-rffest5gatlon reported herein vras nade over the period

fyn Lt Jenuary 194.6 to l,t March 1946 tn accordanie vrith paragrraph

3.o Motenent Ners, Shiprrent 0O-Tolqn)-AU, letter AGPO-A-Or 2OI

Thonpson, Aryo T,, (21- Dece$ber L9L6)s The Adjutant GeneraLts Offi-qer

lVashingbon 25t D, C., dated 26 Decenrber 1945.

rffiFJb

LjNCLASSIFIED

a' (

EE:=

EAg!s gr g9ss,ssg,s,

1O SUMIIAffi'

2" coNcLUsIoNs.

3. ntrom 0N JAPANESE BIOISGTCAL WAnFARE (sW) ACTI\rJTI&S.

Sqrplement ]. sketch of Harbin Area"

Supplenent 2,

ar Table of Organization of Ki,rantung Aflqtr Boeki l(yusui Bu.

b. Ortline of Dutd-es of KwanLung Arry Boel,(i KyuEui Er.

Supplenent J,

a. Pl_an of Harbin Researsh l,aboratory" (lstri:.)

b. Plan of Harbin Research leboratory, (ttitano)

Go PLan of Plrrgfan (tterUo) fnstallation, (lshr t; <-

d., Plan of Plngfan (HeiUo) Installation. (rcttano) +--

€r Ortl-ine of lfork Conducted by the Pingfan Institule"

Srrpplenent le.

a, Details of I Bornb.

b, Det€dls of Ro Bombo

e, DeNaiLs of Ha Bonrb.

dn Details of U Bostb,

ee Details of O1d ffpo UJi Bonb"

f. Detail-s of C"a Bornb.

g. Details of Tlpe 50 Uji Bomb.

l. Dcbensj.ve irnresti-ations in botlr the offensive and defensivephases of BiT were conducted by the Japanese as a loj-litary activity' Japan-ese $laval interest ln B1{ appears to have been ljmited to the defensive as-pects

2, Biy research and deveS-oprcent by the Japanese Atryr rras lnfluenced anddirectecl uainly by Lt" Gen. Shj-ro Ishjj,. Htr,ile Ishii naintalned that noofficial directive exj.sted for the prosecution of this activity and that ltwas conclucted as a phase of uilitary preventirre nedicile, i-t is e\rident fronthe progress tha,t wqs nnde that BIT research and development in aL1 its phaseslvas condueted. on a large scale, and rlas officially sanctioned and supporbedby the highest niilitary authority"

3, .Llleged acts of, BW.sabotaJe by the R:rssians and Chinese rith then"c"ulity foid.eveloprnent of defeniive measures agaS.nst such incidents l7erethe reasons advanced by Ishii for Japanese eomnittment to BIV activitlr" De-yelopnent of BilI as an offensive yreapon Tras never contemplated, he errphasized.

4, The Pi:rgfan installation, located near llarbin, Manchuria, iras theprincipal Blf researclr and development center. Work in this field'tras alsoiarried on in the Arby Medieal College in Tolgro. BIV betrg a oilitary acti-vi-ty and highly cLassified for security reasons, civilian sclerrtists andfacilities oi civilian research institutes were not utilized for this acti*vity,

5, The causative agents of typhoid an'd paratyphoid fevers, cholera,dysenbery, anthrarc, glanders, plegue, tetanus and gas gangrene as lrelL asfilteraUte viruses-aiA rielcettsiae were considered as possible BII agenbs.,grganisns for field trlals were }ir:ited to nonpathogerdc agents and to tt''rtr

agEnts-pathogenic for both nran and anfurals, E, anthracis. (anthrax) and g.mall-eonu'ces (glanders) "

6" l,tethods of dissenination of Blf .agerlts imrestigated by the Japaneseincluded bonbs,, arti1-lery shells, spray from airCraft, and sabotage" B11r

far, the prjncipal effor$ to develop an effeciive means of disseninationof infectious agents was devoted io bo,rb development" Nine aircraft bombs

had been developed and tested for this purpose by 1940" They includedbonbs clesigned for ground. conta.Erlnation, production of infectious cloudg,and fragraeit"tion nunitions for production of casualties by wound infectibn"

l.rs:u:l$fiT'ijP

@pui^T i::-i, SSIFIED

lJi'i:l A:51Fir,D7 " 0n1y a felrr prellminary orperjrcents viere conducted e.rnployrng eodi-

fied arbillery shells as a BiV munition" Dissenii-nation by this means lrasconsidered i.npractical. ?he same eonclusion tras reaehed concernj-ng ain-craft spra]rs after a few preliminar]r experj-nentso

8. Tha Ha bonrb and the Type 50 Uji bonb were considered to be themost effective of the rnunitions developed at Pingfan, l{hile both borobshad. several major defects, Ishii believed thab, by correction of these do--

fects and further improvement of these boubs by ordnance experts, theycould be r.:ade into efficient B'!{ raurritions,

9, fntensification of ileasures i:r preventive rnedicine and water puri-ficatj-on rrere considered by the Japanese as the raost effective defenseagainst Bl'{" Fixed and r:robile epidenic prevention and lyater purificationunits -rrere responsj-b1e for the detection, prevention, and control of out-'breaks of infectious di-seases in the field, The MilitarX'Police (Kerapei)tj:r an ar:-'ciliary capacity, served &p orr intelligence organization for thesunreillanee of possible BlT incidents, the collection of evidence, and theapprehensj-on of saboteurs

10" Wrile definite progress had been r,rade in offensive Blf developnerittat nc tirle vras Japan in a position to erploy B"\r as a practlcal vreapon"

g,Nclggls,

It is the opi:rion of the j:rvestigating officer thatl

1o The infornation regarding Japanese BIY activities obtair:ed fronprestulably independent, sources was consistent to the point v.ttere it seems

that the infomants had been inst-ructed as to the arnount and nature ofinfon-iation that vlas to be divulged under inte*ogation.

Z. All infornation was presr:raably furnished from memory singe allrecord,s are :aid to have been destroyed in accordance tvith dj-rectives ofthe Japanese Arrryo Yet, some of the inforaation, especially sketches ofihe boiribs, uas in such detail- as to question the contention that all docu-nentar;' evi,denee had been destroyed.

3, 1-b was evident throughout the inberrogations that it was the de-sire of the Japanese to nini-r,iize the erbent of their activities i-n BIV;

especially the effort devoted to offensive research and developnirent"

4o Failure to fu11y utj-lize Japanese scientific capability by r+--str.ic'bioa of Blt research and development to the nil-itary with lack ofsooperation betl'reen the nilitary serrrj-ces preeluded pr-ogress towarddevelopr,ient of Bi{ into a practical rveapon"

UT{CI-A351FIED

r

UNCLASSTFIEq

5" Had a practieal BIV weapon been achieved., it .is urrlikel-Jr that.Iapan vould have resorbed to its use because of fear retaliation bymeans of chen-icaI warfare" Insofar as .coulcl be learned, riapan had noinfon;:ation of Anertcen aitivity in BW"

iii. ;i-./.3:iFIEElREF-.0RT ON J$P.A}TEqil|. BJpg)q{,C4t, I'IARFSS ACJIIre

I. I}MRODUCTION.

The initial irrvestigation of Japanese Biological ifarfare (Uit)activlties was made b;r Lt" Col" tr{urray Sanders and Lt" HarrX'" Youn3s ofthe Chenrical lVarfare Serrrice as a part of the scientifie and intelligencesuwey of Japan conducted by the Scientific and Technical Adrrisor;r SectiontUnited States Army Forees, Paci.f,ic, during Septe.rrber and October Lgl+5. R€-porb of thls investigation ie conta;j-ned in Volune 5, @,'i Novc;:Ser 19&5.

$ubsequent!,g, additional personnel associeted rrith this aetivitybecarae available for interrogation and were inierrrj-ewed in Japan b1i .oer-sonnel from II$DIT Sectlon, G-2, Gi{Q, AI'PAC, and from the Chenical iTarfareSerrrice" The principal persons interrriewed ruere Lt" Geno Shiro Ishii andLt. Gen, Masaji Klte:ro, forner directors of the organization responsibLefor Jcpanese biological warfare research and development.

This report perbains nrainl;r to the interrogation of Gen" Ishii andto the infornation obtained from him" Interogation of Gen" Kitano andother Dersons did not add to tkr-is inforration but eonfirned, in general, thatobtairred from Gen" Ishii" 0n1";'ninor discrepancies were found in lhe informa:tj-on ob'bajned fron persons lnterviewed individually"

No documentary evidence of Japanese research and developnent i-nthis field l',ras found during the course of the investigatj.on" AlL personsintervielyed wore consistent in their statenpnts that such records had beendestruyed, because of their top secret classifieation, in aceordance trithexisling 3::n; directives. The infornetion obtained lvas, therefore, presuiil-ably from the memory of those inter"v'iewed,

Lt" Gen, Shlro lshui, under vrhose influenee biological lvarfare re-search i;as initiated and prosecuted in Japan, became available for interrs*gation in To\ro on 17 January !946, His rvhereabouts since the cessation ofhostilities had been unknor,rn until CIC sources loeated idr.r in seclusion atLris country home in Chiba prefecture. Upon request frorr the Count,er lntel-llgence Corps, GHQ, AFFAC, to the Jepenese Crovernnent, Ishii nas ret'rrnedto his residence in Tolcyo. Ishii, sufferirg from chronic cholecystitj-s andclysentery, vras pernritted to remain at his Tolg'o resi.dence irhere aIL j-riter-vier,ls lvere conductedo

, Interogation of Ishii lvas conducted at intenrals over the periodfior.r 22 .iantary +.o 25 FebrierS' L946 by direct intervievrs through i-nterpretersand by means of.questiqnnairei.. On the subject of Bli research and develbp-ment, Ishiie si r&pli,esito'q{restion5 yrefb, gubided, concise and olten evasiveoOn the subject. ol preventive nedj,eal repearehl water supp1},y and,putEfieation,

_

Ishii spoti frbely" It was apparent thioughout the interrrj-ews that he desired

Ui,;:LA55JFIED-'l*_ l:.H=**"=-

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-'-ui'ul-I5ffiieu

to em;chasize the activities pertaining tc prer"entive nedicine, rvater. puri-ficati-on and supply, and to nirann-rze the rilV- aspeets of the organizati-on hedireci;ed; The Kwantung Arury Boeki l!rusui glu+i.

2" pnRsoulli- 1Ni_!sJJI4p,l: usglR_r qg r&., .qm!"_sglry, JsHrg"

Jn response to a request for hls perscnal hisi;ory and r:lilitaryepez'ience, Gen" Isl:ii gave the following inforr,ration;

Born; 25 June 1892.

Decs;i.ier L92At 'Gra<iueleC froa the tr;ledical lepari:ment of 19.s1.lnperial U:dversity"

20 Jantrary L92T - 9 Apnil 1921: lf-l]-itar;' treiniag as a probational-Officer, Jrd Infantr;r Regimeni, Irperial. QrardDirrision.

Q Anr.-i 1. 1921: Surgeon--lst Lieubenant a.r,tached to 3rd Irqoerial' Guarci lrrfantry"

1 August aj22z Attached i;o Toiqro 1st Arr:;' Hospir;al.

20 Jrugust L92l+t Surgeon-Captai-n.

Apri.l LgZ+ * April 1926t Post graduate s'budies in bacieriology,serology, preventive i:redigine and pathologr atKyoto ftperial University.

1 April L9262 At'bached to K3roto Army Hospital"

April- L928 - April 1930: 'rTenl abroad for a tour of inspeetion andstudSr visiting Sirgacore, Ce;riong, E;i?t, Greece,Turkey-, Ital;r, France, Switzerland, Gern''.an:',Ausbra.lial liungarX., Czechoslovakia, ggliiums Holla.nd,Deru;.rk, Sneden, ldorray, Flnland, Foland., SovietRr:ssia, Esi;otlia, I,ai,via, East Pr.rssia, The UnitedSta'i;es, Canada and Ha-'vaii.

1 Augrist i-930; Surgeon-{iajon Instruetor at the Arnry Medica3- Co1lege"

1- August l-935'. Surgeon--Lieutenant Colonelo

1 .{ugust 19362 Chief of Kl','antung Azrsy Boeki Kyusu5- Bu"

1 Marsh 19381 Surgeon*Colqnel"

ffiE-@

-ii;t:i .i.S:t€iilD+i- The 1:lteral- translation of Boeki K1-usui Bu is1 'tAnti-epidenr-ic vtrater

Supply and Ririfica',,ion Departnrent " tt

(

qffiUNCLASSi}-IE.D

s***'i, 1e4ps lffil":i"l'H'ffi tT$ ffffi-ffi:t1"8:""nu

l- March f941r Surgeon-MaJor General"

f {ugust 1942t Cfri6f of 1st Arnly t{edicel Departnent o

1 August L9l+3s Xnstruetor at the Arnqy lledieal College"

1 March L9l+52 Surgeon*lieutenant General, Clrief of Krvantung AroyBoeki Kyusui Bu.

I Dec$mber LgL,5i. lDrtered the First Reseryes":

3 o sg,Liul,gq_ggR_J,sPAi\lIgx" Bi? rusn{nair,Ai\gpqtr}0rus1,

Throughout the interrogations I"f,ei neintained that no officialdireqbive 6:cisted for irritiation and conduct of the Japanese tsi'f research anc1.develbpaent program. [shit further declared that he himse]f v{as responsibl-efor tlapanese interest j-n Bl[ and that it rTas la.rge]y under his influence thatinvestigation of the offensive phases of BIil vras eonducted in order to pre-pare an adequate defense agairrst possible enerar Blrf attacku Since the ririssionof the Boeki l'ryusui Bu ttas the prevention and control of epiderilic diseasesand the supply of pure vrater, he reasonecl that derrelopment of i.ieasures fordefense agaiirst BvtI attack.vras a logical responsibiHtt of his departrlent,o

Aceordlng.io Ishii, incidents ]eading to Japane.se investigation ofBl? poi;enij-aLities were! munerous instanses of poisonj-ng and cont,aninationOf l'lells during the Sinq-Japanese conflict; 'rumoys of Srssian aetivity inthe. field_ of Blil reporbs by Manchurian poil-ce of Niie ca$ture of Sov:iel spies','rith ampules conl;aining t3rphus.. chol-era and anthrax orgb,nisns; sabotage ofthe Japanese Artay horse-dra",rrn transport during thd buil-d:ing of the ileian-Idold<o raibray ',''ith the loss of 2r0OO horses from enthra.x; and arbicles onBiii appearing :-n foreign llterature.

f,shii believed that i;he contamj-nati.on of yiells in the China theateirwas perpetrated by Chinese guerillas under ftussian inffuence. Persorurelfron hi-s organization exanined over 11000 lvell-s following an outbreak of cholerafesulting in 61000 deaths among Japanese soldiers in the Sharghal area.0f the wells ex-anined, three lyere found to be grossly polluied rdth choleraorganismso Since the. irnrestigation was nade by conrpetent basteriologlstsand the qctual bacteria'] containers were recovered. on the scene, Ishii wasconrrineed that this was a deliberate act by sabteurs and not c6ntar:inationresulting fron natural clrainage i-nto the lvells.

i'trhen the Japanese capi;ured the i,ianking area, !sh:-i claiued. addi-tional instanees rvere found of contanination of r,vells vtith cholera ori;anismse

ffilJi :';:" 'llf'''ii;iE)

i"Ie11s i'oarked in Ckr"inese characters ttGood'rYaterrr vrere found eontanrinatedlvhegeas r,elLs nrarked t'Bad Tfaterrr were -found potable"

In referense to foreign fitereture on Bif, Ishii nientioned Geynranarticles and the article on rtBaeterial 'r'iarfarett by l,.,Iajor Leon A" Fox, II.C",U"So Armyo Ish:ii cons'idereC these articles to be fantastrc and not basedon scientific facts,

Appreheusion of Russian aci;ivities and intent in the field of Bl'fand the necessii;y. for developrrrent of defensive neasures a6ai-nst this threatoas l'iell as against the nunerous Corcnrun:-st inspirecl acts of B'lrI sabotage inthe Chiuese anC l,lanchurian theaters of operationr. uere the principat reasonsacitanced by Isirii for Japanese cci-nittraent io BIT ac;ivity" He repeatedlyenphasized that it llas not the Japanese objective i;o develop Bl'f as an offen-sive li-eapon; nor had the;r ever eonter:ip1-a'Led initiati-on of this rnethod ofl'rarfare"

h " 0!G4iE4.I9I-am4oCATIau -9f li1+-H9il{1 -IUSI*.!U.The initial agency for the prevention and control of infectjous

d:iseases in the Jatrnnese Arnry lvas, according to isiriio the Deparblaent ofField Prevention of Diseases, established shortly after the Brrsso-Japanese'r[aro The outbreak of ]the Sino-Japanese lrrfar ir:creased the field of activityof this agency until ':t erabraced an ;rrea frorir the Russooldanehurian bondert,o the north and Hainan Island 'Lo the south" It was concerned rrith infec-ttous diseases prenralent in the cold northern reglons as well as rrith nunr*erous tropical maladies of the Orient. No uniform method of water purifi-cation or zupply existed in the Aruy" Soldiers liould not follorv instructionsregardirE tire boiljng of drinkrrg lvaterl consequenily epiide::rics of watet*borne diseases were of frequent occurrence,

The ocistirrg field sanitary agency -was considered i.nadequate forthe prevention and control of the infectious diseases being encountered inthe d:ifferent operational areas of the Japanese Anny. Abprehension ofener.iy er,ployment of bacteria anri poison (as had. been encountered. in thepoison5-irg and conta"rdnation of wells) 'cith the necessity for developnrentof eounter iileasures, further str.essed the need for reorganization of thefield sanitary- agencies o

The Departnient of Fielci Prevention of Disease lvas inactivited andthe noeki Kyusui Bu rvas organized. According to Ishii, the main objectiveof tiris departnent was the rrprevention qf diseases coruing through yratercham.el"rt

The Boeki Kyusui Bu rras cornprised of fixed and mobile units locatecl .

throughout the overseas theaters of operation as rvell as in Jqpan propero

-,,-{JI'JCI-A53IFi:iD

Ut{CL.{SSiFrii.rBy ,tuly L938r five Fixed, Boeki Kyusui Bu (B[B) i-nstal-Lations rvere

establlshed in the overseas theater as foLlorvs:

ae Krvanbung Arrry BKB (Harbtn)

b" North Chjrra AW BKB (Petd:U)

cp Cenbral China Anny BKB (Nanldng)

d,o Southern China Afiry EltB (Canton)

€c $outhern Arsy BKB (Sirgapore)

The fjxed BKB instaLLatlons were assigned to Anrydirect conbrol of the Arry gruup comander; ioeolKvrantur:g Af;mles.

grouls and were qrder theConmaniling Qeneral of the

The nobtle BKB eonsisbed of Field BKB and Dirl:isionaL BiG ln theoverseas theaters and Divisional BKB and Arqf Distrlct BiG Ln Japan proper.Llke the flxed installations of the lVater Supply and Purlfieation Deparbment,the nlr"rlle units were assigned to and under direct controL of thelr respect-ive organizatlon cenmarldsys. Qy July, 1g38, eighteen (f8lDirri"ional BIG hadbeen organlzed and vrere in operation vrith their respectlve dirisions in thefield" Additional rnobile units were established ae the ephere of, actlrzityof the Japanese Arrqy inereaoedo Units of the Tfater Supplf and PrrrificationDeparLroerrb were independent, of the Medi.cal Department3 the Latter departraentsenning on34r in an aduisory capacity to the reepective nLlitary connanders.on r:edical natters o

5O DINIES OF THE BOEI{I KTUSUI E[J'-

The foLlowirg duties and responsibitltieB were assigned to theunits of the lfater Supply ard Purification De3nrtnent:

&o Fjxed-Fl€: Research in prevenbion of epidemic di-seases andvrater supplyi produetion and supply of biological producto; pmduction"repair and zupply of nraterJals and eqripnrent for epidenic preverblon endwater supply; execution and guidance on measures for epl-daoic preventi.onand vrater euppLy; education in epidemic prerention and water supply;physical- and chenr-iea1 ercaud.nations; and hospitallzation and.treatnent ofpatients suffering from j.nfectious diseases"

b. Eield BKB: Patrrolling for preyenUion of epl.deoics end recon-naissanee og ;6imf water; e:ceEutiori and gutdance o-n eplderclc preven-tion measures; erca,nination of water and detection of polson; disinfectionand ruedical examLnatlon; punification and supply of vrater; repalr of sarti*tary rrater fiJ.ters; research on epidenic prevenbion and supply of zurifiedwatero

cc D$rl_sl.ona]. QKB,: Divisional unlts had the sa&e respons{bl}Ltiesas had the f,le1d units aslde from reseaych and education,

SiUe@"-tf,'i"'--- ", *5t-t-n

Ylhenever outbreaks of cormrunicable di.seases could not be con-trolled, or when unusual diseases or incidents were encountered by the fieldand divisional urrits in areas for whlch they vrere responstble, persorurel andequiprenb frrlm the fjxed i nstallations vrere dispatched to deal vdth thesituatione

6" THE I{,{ANTUNc ART{Y BOffiI IffuSUI BU"

The Kl.rantung Arrry lTater Supply and Purification Departr.rent, directedby Gen" lshii from the ti-rne of its activation in 1935 until the close.. of iheware vras tlie agengy responsible for prosecution of the Japanese BIV rebearchand de.reloprrent pn:gran, Ikcept for an interyal frrrm August' I9ly2 to l.breh1945 when Gen t{asaji lfi-t,ano relieved Ishii as Chief of the Deparbr.entr theBIV aciivities of this organization were eontrolled directly by Ishii- who vras

responsible, apparently, only to the Japanese High Ccmmando On natters'peri-tai-ning solely to preventive nedj.cine and v;ater supply and purificaiion, hewas bhe subordinate to the Kwantung Anny corunander" 0n the ccnduet cf Blfactivities,- Ishii evidently had a free hand" Ishii said that the subject ofBIV lvas considered so highly secret that fornal repo1'fs were not subtttitted.

In respons€ to a'question eoncernirg the reasons'for his-relief asCh:ief of the Kvrantr:.ng organization, Ishii stated that it was for the purposeof qualifyrng hi-m for pronotj-on to Lieutenant General rlnich required fiel-dseririce duty rdth an Arn1y" He further reroarked that, in his opin:ionr hisassignnent as Surgeon-{eneral of the lst Arny v;as made beca.use rrhj€her-upsildid no'i: r',;ant him to continue B'rV research" In any event5 the major develop-ments of this research had been eonpleted by the end of L9l+2t aqdr due to. _.,--:,.3Isii-lits i-nfluence, the research eonbinued, to some degree at leastr under ''-:''rGeno Kitano,

d. ,

Regardiqg the relationship of the Kwanturlg Army Boeki Kyusui Buvrith the other l.rater supply and purifieation departnents and units" Ishilrvas emphatj-e in hi-s statenenbs that he lvas not the eonnander of the overr-a11BoekiKyusu-iBuorgarrizationoftheJapaneseArmyar-rd,ttreref9re.hehad no knorvledge of the actirrity of the deparbments of the other arnties"

Ishii nai-ntained that no official directive had.- been given by thelfar Ministry anC that no specific appropriations had. been granted f,or Blli.,.,'tl,ork" F\rnd; nppropriated for tu""trch tn preventive-medicing'a5rd-i,{ate :

.:-purification wlie i:.sed for B-!{.researcfrr rinii.9g!ina.te4t"!-tiS aiv.gr'sJpqofluiras for BiT r""ur."ir to be auout I to'2 perceirt*6f th" iip'pz{;pviutidt'i .": :

(Note: Frora another source it was learned that the year\. budget for pre*.'ventive i:redicine research was approxinately 6 nill5.on Yen). His esf,irnats,houever, is not in eonfor"mity with e later adnrission in uhich Ishii statedthat about 20 perceni of the research was devoted to BW.

Throughout the interrogation lshii endeavored to leave the irpres-sion that BI1| research was corducted only on a very .qa1l scale and as apart of the research in preventlve medicjne and rvater purificatlon, He

repeaterlly emphasized that offensive aspects of BlY were investigated for

,SE&ngk*'-

--!v:!=-

-u

the spl-e purpose of detenning BW potentialities in order to iearn l';hat de-fensive ueasures were necessary fron the standpoint of epidenr-ic preventi-onand water purification.

A1l- persons questioned on the subject were consistent in their re-plies that the lhperor rvas uni-nformed of the Japanese BIT ectrvity. Ishiiasresponse to tkre query was that ttBl'tr i.s inhumane and adrrocatin3 sueh a lirethodof lrarfare rvould defile the virbue and benevolence of the isnrporer.rr Ishijfurther stated that had the Snperor been inforned of this activity he lrouldhave pnohibited the vrork.

Regandless of Ishlies eonteni;j-on that Bli research was only a nj-norphase of the actiyities of the Kwantung Arnry i;'gtr6r Supplj and PuriiicationDe.oarbuent and that it rvas conducted rithout official di:ective, from. thescope of the research and the progress that lvas nade, it is evident that Btrtr

research and develoi:rnent in aIl its phases rvas conducted on a large sea1e,was offieialllr sanctioned, and was suptoorted b}r the highest nj-litary author'.JU.f o

ao Oreanization of the l(vranturyl Arsr Boeki Klrusui Bu.#

.A-s outlined b;r Gen. .Ishii, the Kwantuqg Arm;r l'fater Supply a:rdPurificatlon Depar.braent consisted of a headquarbers and five branch depar"b-rnents all loca'ired in l,fanchuria" The headquarbers rras further diuided intoslx sections or departneni;s designated as the Genpral Aif,airs Depeklent,F:rat Department, Secsnd Departmentl ?trird lepartrnent" Fourth Departrtei'rt Erld ,-.,the ilaterials Department. lYith the exception of the Thlrd Departrrrenta r&ich -"-;-vras located in Harbin, the headquarbers denartments riere located at Pir{fe(Ueibo-x-), the nain research installation aboui 24 ki-loneters south of ilirbin.(See Supplement 1)o The branch deparbr.rents vrere located at Botanko, ltinko,Solgo, Iiairaru and Daj-ren,

At ihe height of its activities, personnel of the KwantwgArqr i.-s1.r Su;pJ.y and Furification Departneni; mnrbered over 2r5A0 individr:al-s"Pergc:r::eL lncluded medieal officers, pharmacists, hygienic officers, techn-1:ca1 officers, engi.neers, instructors, rnedica'] non-commlssioned officers andsolciiers, fiscal persorurel and civilian employsss, (See Suppleroent 2a. farTable of 0rganization as submitted by Lt, Gen, Kitano)"

b. Dglies of_lhe Si,Iantung_A$X-Foeki &rursg!. 88"

An outline of the duties of the several headquarters sectionsor departmenbs and branch departments of the F,vrantung organization as sub-mitted by Gen" rshii is $Lven i-n supplenenb 2b? rn brief, the GeneralMfairs Departnent of heado,uariers vras responsible for the over-all adrrdnis-tration, The first Deparbnenb was eoncerned wiih fundaarental research inpreventrve niedici.ne. The Second Depert*:ent v'ras concerned with epidertiological

a':*t

=--)i In Chinese the insta]*latiorr i"-3]ff-edtrPinjfanrrr the Japanese na.i,re is rri{rrifs,rr

W.t

research and vns responsible for execution of neasures for prevention ofepidenaics, The Third Departrnent v,aB responsible for research on matterspertairiing to rvater supply and purification, nanufacture and malntenanceof water supply equipraent and execution of ri1€ESEr€s for water suppLy andpurification. The Fourbh Departroent was responsible for vaccine and senrmproductlon" In addi.tion to the usual supply f\rnctions, the tr{ateiials De-partnent vias responsible for the propagation and suFply of all soa1l exgreS{-mental aninalsc

The various Branch Departnents rrere responeibLe for the *recutionof neasures for preventlon of epidemies and the supply of purified rrater intheir respective arease The Dairin Branch was also concerned with researchperbalnirg to irnprovenrent of vaecines, senms and diegnostlc agenbs"

The Pingfan installation of the Kwantung Boekl Kyusul Bu, locatedabout ZL.kLJsmeLers south of Harbi:r, 1,,!anchuria, luas the prilcipal JapaneseBtrl research center" i',triIe Gen, Ishii contended that the prinary purpose of'the installation ltas field preventive medicine as ii applied to the Kvrart'uungArrri-es, it is evldent, fr"om the exbensive investjgations and developnoentsthat were nade in the fi.eld of Hf, that considerable effort was devoted tothis latter acti'r-ity as a parb of the preventive nedieine progran and forthe purposq of devel.opnenL of a BlV weapon" Constrtrrction of the installationr.las tegun about in 1937 t for by that time BIV field trials were undert'ray andthe first BI'I nounitions had been develnped, A snrall fesearch laboretplg lnllarbin (See Supplements 3a and 3b for plan) was utJlized for the initial fu-vestigations prior to conpletion of the Pingfan InstallstJ.on. Upon conple-tion of Pingfan, the Harbin laboratory was used nainly for the narnrfactureand repair of lvater purification eguipraent" Geno Ishii had developed adiator:-ite tube-type rvater filter v'rhich was adopted by the Japanese Arry asstandard eo.uipaent for field use, and facilities at the Harbin laboratory forbaking the diatonj-te filters were also used for nanufaeture of the porcelai.:rcases pf th,e Uji-t3rpe BiY bonbs.

An lclea of the exbent of the faclU.ties at Pingfan for prerrentivemedicine and BliI research may be obtained from the sketch of the installationsrrboitted by Ishii (Supplenrent 3c) " (A slcilar sketch, $upplenrent ]d, sup-posed\r drarrn from uemory, was obtained frouo Gen" Ifitaro) " The installationrras self-sufficient to the exbent of raising rrrost of its food requlrenentsand experS.nental anfual-s" &<Lensive l-aboratories rvere provided for research,p:roduction of biol-ogical products, and for manufacture and repair of equip-nent, lfithin the closely guarded walled lrctallation, a separate area rrasprovi-ded for plague yesearch, An attached alr base provided air traneportfor persgnnel and equlpnent and aircraft for BW field tri.a].s" The install-a-tion conbained a sehool for instnretion of officers and enlisted personnelin field sanitation regulations, preventive nedi-cine, water prrriflcation andsupply. Instmction rras by lectures, danonstrations and practical exercises.

e"SiS&ER"***,,H-"_

-8-

1,

q!ffIflgsr.

Undoubtedly, a certain asourt of indoctri:rati,on in BlT, at least fronr thedefensive standpoint, mrrst have been given the studentso This, however,lvas denied by Ishii who sai-d that BIti developnent had not reached the stagevrhere instruction of personnel in this field lras warranted" A hospitalfor the exaruination and treatment of Pingfan personnel and their dependenLsvras also provided, An outline of the research conducted at Pingfan vlas fur*nlshed by Ishii (Supplenrent Je).

BIT inuestigation was not conducted by a fixed group of personneLat Pingfan, Ishii said. Personnel frsm the rrarious deparbments were tenpo-'raril-y assigned to a partLcul-ar projeet or ercperLnoent, and once the project,or a particular phase of it, was cupleted the assigned personnel were dis*banded and returned to their respective duties" Aside from a fevr keyindividuals, personnel assigned to a project were not fuJ-ly jlfonrted. of thenature of the work or purpose of the investigation. This procedure, Ishiiadaitted, did not prcnote pregress of the work" but vas necessarTr for securityreasons" t

8, oFFElisrvrt Biv AcTIEtU,,ts.o .

Bo Organisras Studied: The causative agents of t34ghoid and Para-typhoid fevers, cholera, dgrsentery, anthrax, glanders, plague, tetarnrs andgas gargrene, as well as filterable vinrses and rickettsiae were irrestigatedfron'a BIT standpotnt" Organi-sms used in field triaLs with nrunitions, lshiisaid., i'rere U:nllecl to the noninfectious agents, B. subtilis and B. ptqqlgig-qgE,and igerrts infectious for ani-nals, n. ant[Iqgi6. Ena.@Sgyg.6p, fgbnd"Til-Only a single fiel-d erq:eri-ment had been carried out with glanders, Ishilmaj-ntained" (Ihe nature of thls ocperS-nnent could not be learned)" Becauseof the danger of j.nfectj-on and a glanders casualty, further ercperi.raents nereabandoned and work on this agenb was lirnjted to efforts toward dareLopraentof an ircnunizing agent and a curative ointrrrent" Ishii denied that field ex-perir,rents had been carried out with B. lggl$o Fear of retroactivit; andpossibS.e spread bi r^odents rrere reasons given'by Ishii for confining pLaguefuwestigations to the laboratoryo

0n being recluested for his opinlon as to the organisrns he qon-sidered mst effective offensively, Lshii said that he couLd on3.y conjectureand that the effectiveness of a particular agent was dependent on the c}[-sate and the sanltarTr ueasures in force in the area concetrledo

bo ; A culture cabinet irnrented byishii for mass .oof prodrction of

vaccine purposes vras the neansbacterial ager6s for 5l,r flel-d triaLs, The cabinet corp

sisted of a duralrrnin boc with double doors conbaining a series of traysfor surface grorvbh of organisms on olid mediun,. Ttre tra;rs could be auto-nati galfy layered with inedirs to a uniforn depth by sinnlf pouring thenelted medirrn throrrgh a covered opening Ln the dooro ltre trays uere iro-culated by a swab and the grorubh hanrested by scraping u:ith a srnall roetaLrake, For nass production, a series of 30 to 40 of the cabinets were enployed;

&iffiilhtw,'.

-9-

lyith the assLstance of technie,j-ans froin e nearby Japaneseroilitary hospi-tal, Ishii gave a demorstration of the use of the cul'burecabineto Using seven Liters of melted standard agar nedium, one cabinetwas autornatically layered to a depbh of 9 niLli:rseters in eaeh tray by lay-ing the cabinet down, pouring the medium throWh thg opening in the doorand then raising the cabinet uprighto A second cabinet, inoculated rithE" Sgli beforehando uas harvested, yielding about 160 gra'ts of wet sur-face culture.

Use of this cabinet enabled producti.on great\r exceeding thatpossS-ble by emploSrnent of standard laboratory apparatus" According toIshli, the cabinet lvas develgped prinrqrily to meet the inereasing de,qndsfoy various vadcines required by the Japanese Arr:j-es in tlxe field, Al rotime uere baci:eriaI agents produced and stored in quantity nor availablefor posslble taciical enpl-o;rment

"

e. lde-lbq{s--ef-.Digseggnatign: Methods of d.ispersion of BW agentsinvestigatea ) bornbs; (a) arUiffer;r shellsJ (5)Cispersion b;' spray from aj-rcrafb. B;r lar the prj-ncipal efforb to developan effective nreans of dissenination of infective agerts was denoted to Bl[bombso A feir prelininar;r ex5nrinents were conducted ldth nodlfi-ed artll-lery shel-ls and dissenination by spray fron aircraft.

(1.) &gpg, By 1940, nine (9) aircrafU bonrbs designed fordissenination of bscterial agents had been developed and tested in thefield" They included bonrbs deslgned for gr"ound contanination, productionof infectious clouds, and fragnentatlon muniti,ons for production of casu- .

alties through wound infec'bions caused by conta,rairsted bor:ob fragnents andshrapnel" The earliest nunitions lvere nrodj-fied chenrical warfare boutbs,Later bomb developments were of origJnal design and included porcel-ain andglass case bornbs erploded by prinacord and a gas e4puJsion spray bonb,

The bonbs, Ishii said, were all developed and nanufacturedin facilities at the Pingfan installation and the laboratory in llarbin'bypersonnel of his organlzatlon lii-thout the assistance of regular ordnaneepersonnelo He adno.itted that llore progress in nunitions develolment couldhave been made had they had the cooperation of bomb speeialists. Borbs thatlvere later nodified for Sit nunitions, explosives, and fuzes were obtainedby requisition through regular supply channels" One of the nain defects ofaIL the bombs deveS-oped at Pfugfsr sas the. faulQr fuzes r*rich, Ishii said,were all nndified" obsolete, artillery shel-l fuzes.

Ishii emphasized that the bonbs were exTerjmental uodelspr"oduced in quantities suffi-cien'b only to preve their practieability andto deternine the iireasures necessary for defense against 1lke vreapons, Thefollouirg borrrb production data furnished by Ishii are surprisirg in v:iervof his contenbionsl

.llEGilIFr-

-1 n-

Bon& Acproxfunat e Production

300300500200300500300

5020

IeFt up4e

t937t937L938L939L93e

19l}e19/}1L9,i.c:i.g42

1940L93?

IEoHaN!

OI-d Tgpe Ujirlpe to uji$pe 100 Uji

CaU

rield triars. -" 1ffii#Uli"::S"..X#t'li,ilSll ;LH:T"i"*::i3$"il.'mith eirch bonb and that the renainiig bornbs rvere d.estroyed prior to theJapanose evacuation of Plngfan" Iton the fact that the first rrrrrrrition rtasdeveloped and tested in 193?, i-t is evident that the Japanese activities lnthe field of Bl[ were rve11 undernay prior to this date"

Ishii denied the ocistence of a trmother and daughterrrradj-o bomb and the Mark ? bord] mentioned in other reports of <Iapanese'acti-vities". l-fiuritions developnent d:id not continue much beyord lglQt forr'byL9l+3r Ishii said, the scarcity of rnaterials began to be feIt, W Lgl&, ' \due to'Iack of naterials and transfer of personneL to the battle fronts,the Pingfan installation had reached a t'stifled conditionrr"

The Ha bonnb and the t;pe 50 Uji bornb lrere considered btrr

Ishii to be the most prornis5rg of the munltions developed at Pingfan" By 'comection of existlng defects and furbher improvement by ordnance e4petts,he felt that these truo bonbs could be made inlo efficient munitionso

lYhen questioned as to rvhere sa:rpLes of the mrnitions couldbe found, lshii said that all the renaining borabs ard the entlre PtngfaninstalLatS.on, along with everybtr-ing of inte'lligence value, had been destmyedprior to advance of the Russi.ans into the Harbin areao (N,cte; IFrtry Srrtothe Harbjn area for the purpose of verlfication of lehlLls statsnents ryasnot possible because of Russian occupation). Sinee no records" blue prints,photo3raphs or sanpl-es of the origlnel- bonrbe could be obtalned, Iehii rras.requested to flrrnlsh sketches of the nurdtlons drawn from muorlr. Reproduc-tions of drawirrgs uade fronn sketehes of the bornbs subrdtted by Ishii areattached, (SrrppLer.rente 4a, l1b, 4e, I+d, l+er 4f, and 4g).

At severaL points during the iubemogation, uhen pressedfor cleta,tls, Ish1l retoried thal, as the director of an organization ase:$enslve as the Kviantung An y lTater Supply and Purification Departnentwhose tirne was occupled largely by aeintstratlve natters, he could not bee:pected to be fanlliar with nrinube techrdcaL detailso The detailed boobsketches and other t'echnical lnformation obtailed from Ishtir horever"

8;9*R "

-:--11-

( (

ind.icale an anraz5.ng fanrillarit;r lrith detalled techrdcal data" It ]-eads oneto question the contenlion that all records perbaining to Bi'[ research anddevel-opnent rvere deetrpyed" In all probabilityr. mtrch of the ilforriationIshii presented was oou:piLbd w:ith the assistance of his fonler associatesat Pingfan, several of u-hom sere present ln fol1yo and rricinity at the tineoHe had ample opportunit;r to consult his form&r assocj-ates sj-nce the lnterp-gations lvere intermittent and muph of the i:rfornration las presented bycharbs and written enswers to questionnaires"

(") I Bomb-" The I'Bomb, a 20kg nrpdified' gas bcr':b rritha capacity of 2 ttiersr-ffiperhaps the fii"st nrurrition developed for thedisseni:ration of a bacterial liquid payload" Srplosion qf the bonrb headupon i-npact vrith the ground blerv out the tail lry:ith ejection of the llquidfill-, The bornb l'ras tested durj:rg L937-L938 by static and drop trials fromaircraft. For the trials, the bomb was filled to about f0 per cent capacityrrith 0,1 per cent fuchsin, 2 to 5 per cenb starch solution, or noninfectiousagentso A rectangular grid 1O0 x 500 nrebersl vrith either test papers orPetridishes,depend'5-rrguponthefi1f'|p1acedat'2ometeri.ntenra1s,1''asused for assessnient of dispersi'ono In rrinter, a baqlc,gnound of snow was usedas a neans of evaluatirrg the effeetlve area of dispersion of the bonb cont-ents, l{ith a wind velocity of 5 neters per second, an area of dispersion1C-15 x L0S-150 msters resulted in case of static e:rploslon. lltren dnoppedfron aireraft, the borrib buried itself before elgplodiJur reFultil€ in a deepfumel-shaped crater vrith lltt1e effective dispbrsion of the contents" Depthof the crater ciepended on the height of release. Dropped fron an alij.tudeof 11000 meters3 a crater 0"5-1 meter in depth rezulted; froro 21000 netersa crater l-*1,,5 neters in depth resulted; a 4rQ09 met,er drop caused a,crater2"5-3 noters in depth" Beczuse of the tendency to bury itself before detona"t5-on, its m,raJ-l capacity and large percentage of duds, the I tsotnb lr&s coo-si<iere d unsatisfaetory and vras discarded D

(b) .&-$p, The Ro bonb, in size and appearallcer rrassiririlar to the I borob, J6eheaa rras of noyel design eontaining front andrear comparbraerlbs. Upon conbact lvith the ground, the front coaparbnentexploded. throlving the bourb proper 10 to 15 neters into the ai-r" The rear

-compartraent then exploded blorring out f,he taj-1 and ejecting the contentsoThe bonrb fill for the trials was the same as j:r case of the I bonb, andit les tested on a sinilar grid" In static trials an area of d:ispersion2O-3O x 200*300 meters resulted. Besults in drop trials were about thesane as lviih the I bomb, ?he percentage of duds vras greater than ln caseof the I bonb, largely due to the sane defective flrzeso For the sane reasonsas j-n case of the I bonb, the Ro bomb rvas not considered lvorbhy of furtheri:nprover,rent and l^ras d.isearcled.

(c) Ig-Eggh,. The 40kg Ha bomb lras a fragmentation bomb

desi-gnect for destruetivEffib by projection of bomb fragnrenbs 'and shrapnelcontaninated lvith anthrax sporesr The bonnb 'iras Couble waLledt having a cen-tral burster tube surround,ed by an iron fragmentation wal-l- 1O mil li::reLers

%

in thiclsxess, and a payload chamber betveen the welL and the eteEl, bonboaseo The payLoad chanrber waE of ?0O cubic cedilneters capsctty and con-tained about 11500 eteel pellats to augoent the destructine effects of thebomb fragnonts. The payload S+nher and the otesl pelLete rqer"e coated w'ifha bekelite rrarnieh to prerrent corrosion. Ared lrith nose and teil ltpactf\aes and conbaining 3 ldlograns of TM in the nose and talJ' eonpartroentsand ceritraL burster tube, the bonb eryloded upon i^qect acattering boubfragnenbs, shrapnel and anthrarc spores at hfub velociby J.n a horlzontaLtirection.

Field trd.als of the Ha botrb vere nade d$ing 1936 end.L939" Dye solutions and organisns were used as filL for the static teets,Size, dJ.stribubion and penetrating power of the bo,rnb f,ragents and shrapnelwere determtned by usJ.ng a grd-d consisbing of uprlght board targeto erangedin coneentric circles fr"on the polnt of bonb burst, lbet ardnaLe were dis-tributed in like pattern" In vrintero fragnentatlon dtstri.bution vras deterq-nined by recovery of partLcLes from tha fmzen, icy groundo Fragaents andshrapnel were proJeeted for dLstances of 400 to 5@ nerters rv:ith a densityof about one fragmenb or shrapnel per square meter wttlrln a radius of 50meterso Bonb fragnents ard shrapnel were recovered and exa,mined for via-bili-ty of attached organisnso Drop triels were nade from alrcraft for thepur?ose of deter^ming bonb funetion ard percentage of &rds.

Additionel fragnentation sbudies ur6r€ lede by burylqg thebomb in sand to a depth of 5 meters. The bnb rvas then exploded ellectrt-caIl,y and the sand qcreened to esti.nrate the size of the resulting fragnento"Approxir,:ately 10 per cent of the recovered fragnents welghed fr.on L to 3gralns, 20 per cent from 3 to J. grans, 25 per cent frrn 5 to 1O graose lOper cent fron L0 to 15 gran6, and 5 per cent wer€ over I'J grans.

The Ha bonb had several defects" It was considered toocoupl-ex for rnass pr.oduction, The thln bomb case was soldered to the headandtaiL sections and would not withstand the shock of handling anil trans-portation" Leakage of the bacterial contenbs often occured, with dangerof infection to the bonb handlers, Suspersion of the bomb in aircraft wasdifficrrlt beoause the shape of the bonb varied from that of standard air+-craft bornbs. The heavy eplosive charge destroysd fronr f0 lo 65 p3r cerrt,of the organisns. Begardlese of lts defeets the Ha bonb rtras consideredpnornising. Istrit belierred that, wlt'h comectLon of the defects and furbherdevelopment by bonrb experts, ttre Ha bonb could be rade l.nto an efftsiet$mrnition,

(d) SL.&EE. thE 50kg Nl bolnb was of the same generaL designas the Ha bosrb. The boff bo$r nas about IQQ tni'1.1{rneterre 1or1ger, and lt hada payload capacity of l, Liter" Ttre eplosive cherge, hovaner, w88 on1.y 5O'per cent of that used ln the He b@b, Due to the elnnl1.er eplosive charge,bacterial suirrlvaL was greater, but the penetrating force of the bonb frag-menbe and area of dLsperslon rras not e.s great. Results fron tests of the

QE D4, ur,.

-13-

bonb jn 1939 were considered to be ttlather good..rr and the bomb r''ras deenedworthy of further development,

(e) L.*gb; The Jokg u bornb was designed to spray liquidsby neans of compressed air at a predeteirr:ined altitude, ?he bonrb had adetachable nose coveri:rg a spray head, It was equipped with inpact nouef\rzes, a delay tail frrze and a seLf-tj:ulng tail nechanism which operatedupon release frou the airplane" Action of the self-ti-u.er allowed theeentral burster tube to mcnre forward separating the detachabl-e nose fromthe spray head" The forurard motion of the cenbral burster. tube also gausedrelease of the compressed air with sprafrng of the bomb contents throughthe spray head" Upon reaching the gror:nd, tire bo,lb itself exploded. Only20 rounds of this bonb were rinnufactured, Ishii said, and no field exgeri-nierits ruere conducted aside from iests to deteruine borab firnction. Becauseof leaka;e of the contents, defective fuzesl inaccurats tining meehanism,anci becauee of its conplicated structure the U bonrb vras not consideredlvorbir furbher derre3,opnrenL and lvas discarded,

(f) 91a 3WLU.j.i_ F.pI" By L938, the trend in Japanese Bi;nrurritions developnent was tor.'ards boubs of simp] er deslgn, greater capacity,and reo.uirfuig a mirri-num of explosive for fragnentation and dispersion ofthe viable bacterial contents, This objectj-ve rras not specifically e:pressedby Istri-i but it is concluded from his criticisns of the earlier mtutitlondand froi:r a consideration of succeeding bomb developnent. From steel casebor:bs enploying a heavy charge of TIII and blaek po'r'ider, with resultant de-stmctj-ve effect on the payload, Lbter effort was devoted to design anddevelopnrenb of ceranic and glass case bonbs -using primacord or pri.neeordand a ninjrar.r,r of TNT as the explosive charge.

The porcelajn case Uji bomb vras the resuLt of this trendin bor$ dwelopment. ?he original model, designated by Ishii as the rt01d

T;rye Uji't bombr weighed 25 lc:Jaera^ms and had a c,apacity of appr"oxirnatelyi8 literso The exberior of the porcelain case contained longitudinal grooveslo accoi''srodate the explosive of 4 neters of prirnacord. The borob vlas fl-l]edthrough an opening in the nose si;oppered by a netal sclelv cape A ce1.luloidfin assenbly rvas strapped to the base of the boiab. Equ-i-pped with a tlnefuze in the tail, the bornb was designed to e4plode in the air at a set al-titude lvith fragraentation of the porcelain case and dispersion of the con-tents, The porcelai-n fragments had little penetrating force, but vrered;ifficult to detect on the ground" The bomb was iested in L938 on a fiel.dlayout much the sane as for the I, Ro, and Ha bonbs using d;re or starchsolutlons and suspensions of nonpathogenic organisns" Io statie tests,ezploded at a kreight of 15 i:eters, an area of dispersion 2O-30 by 50O-6melers resulted r,rith a lrind velocity of 5 meters per secondo In drop'teststareas of dispersion 2S-30 by 6CO-700 met,ers resulted when the bonb lv&s €x-plodecl at altitudes of 200 to 300 neters. Partj-cle size of the dj.ssenlnatedliquid contents ranged, fron ttdroplets the size of rain drops, and largerdrops <iue to aggregationr to parbicles 50 nicrons in diameter"rr

€-14-

Defects of the OId Tlpe Ujl bonb were nunerousr IshiLsaid" T[e porcelain ease rvoul-d. no'b stand rough handling. Leakage of theconteqts oe-curred at, the unLon of the netal- fi.lling plug and the porcel-aincasec lVeigh'b and djrnensions of the bor:b were not un{foru, contributing tOpoor trajectory, Ihe bonb was fj.lled to ?O per cent capacity to aLloru forexpansion of contents and the void space carrsed turubLlng of the bqitb, Theporcel,ain fins warped during rrrann rveather adding to poor t'rajeetoryr be-cane brittle in cold vreather, and often becane detaehcrl ln ffight. The fuzewas faulty and hejCht of burst could not be controlled wlth aryr degree ofaqcuracyr Capaeily of the bonb rvas considered sati-sfactory and the detri-mental effect of netal oh the bacterj-a1 contents lras elirninated by use ofthe porcelain case, The bornb, hoyrever, r'ras not considered worthy of firrtherdeuelopnent"

(g) 9g.@[, The 35 ke Ga bosb was an experi.:oental glasscase model of the OIA-F Uji bor,ib. Spiral instead of longitudinal groovescontained the explosive of prlnacord. 0n1y 20 r.ounds of tlrts model werenanufacturedo It had ruuch the sane defects as the 01d Type UJi bo:"b andafter a fevr prelfun-inary i:rials was discarded.

(h) Tvoe 59 U.ii FEU. The 25W, trO literse Type 50 Uji bonbl'ras an i:nproved model of the Uji series of bombs. The nose contained animpact, delay fuze anl a bursting tube rdth !00 grevns of TM" A tine ftzeln the tail set off the 4 neters of prinaeord ocploding the bomb at a hefuhtof 200 to 300 netersj In case the tail ftrze and the pri.rlacord failed tofunction, e:rplosion of the bonb lrlth dispersion of the contents was j.nsuredupon impact by the e5plbsive train in the noseo ". - - * ' - '

u,-*.,,.

Approxinately 500 rounds of this nodeL were nenufacturedin L94O and 1941, and e:rbensive field trials vrere conducted during tlte period1940 to L91,2" The bonb rvas tested by static e:rplosion and drop tests frouraircrafto Fi:r the inltiaL tests tlte bonb was filled wtth dye solution andsuspensions of nonpathogenlc organisns. I.ater triaLs were conducted usinga suspensi-on of anthrax spores as the payload. The buspension had a con-centration of 50 to 100 milligrans of spores per cubic eenti-rneter of liquid"A field Jatrrout of test papers or Petri distres, deperuiing upon the'filI, i'lasused for assessraent of dispersiono In case of the anthra:c tr5.aLs, largeani:lals including oxen, horsese goats and sheep vrere used as test anir'.:al-s,

In the drop tests with a vdnd velocity of 5 nreters'persecond and explosion of iihe bonrb at an altltude of 200 to 3@ metero,areas of dispbrsion la0rdO by 6OO.80O seters vere attainedo

Static explosion of the bonb at a height of 15 metefslvith the same rrind veloclty gave qn area of dispersiop approx5nately20.-30 by 599.6Q seters" For the anthra:c trials, the borrb rvas statically

-1 q-

,r{Iffif#

ecploded at a height of 15 meters. .Arri.:ctals vrere then aLl,olyed to graze forg4e or tv$ heqg_dqlrn#t4d _qf the e4glosi-on over the eontemlnated ground.

h froni airbhrarc, redulted in aLnost .?0 ggg-centlnfection, foJ,Ic

?f !h",}g$. and 90 per ebnt- of the gheep.alLowed to graze over the con-tarri nated graound"

i.$lhiLe thA type 50 Uii bonb stil-1 had some of the defects

of the old nodelj it was considered nore efficient" I{ith correction ofthose defects and furbher developrent in the hands of experts, Ishii feltthat the Type l0 Uji bonb couLd be made into an.effeetive BIY munition"

(i) Tfrce 10.0-9ji ,Sonb, The 5Olqe Ttrpe 10O Uii bomb was aLarger raodel of thFTlpe 50. Thi- bou$ had a payload capacity of apprucci-rnately 25 liters, As:ercplosive, appro:qirlately i2 meters of pri-macord riasused, 300 rounds rvere Eanufasblfed end exbensive triaLs wdre conducted jnmroh the sa$e fiEnner as vrith the Type 50 duni.ng the peiiod 1940 to Lgb2.Because of its size and possibility of breakage in handling, this aodeL wasnot consldered as praptical as the Ttrpe J0,

(2) Artillern QbeS"., Twq types of arbillery shells wereirnrestigated as a means of diSslrdnation of BIV agentso A standard gasshel3-, designated as ihe rrHtt shelfl and a shrEpnel shelJ-, ths ttstr sbeJ.3.,vrere tested in the deserb near Hairal-. The shells were charged lvtth dyesolutions or a suspension of p, Irogg&sug ln bouillon of a concentrationof 200 to 500 milljgrams per cubic centimeter, Ihe shglls vrere fired froma distance of 3ro00-neterl at a target 500 rpters squaie conp-:=-s!ing of: 1*:EE-E*-r&ite test papers or Petri dishes arranged at 20 meter inteiva;i.e; For testi.o*r:"rr*.of the ttltt s]1slf, board targets arranged at inlerrrals of 20 meters over anarea 5@ neters square vlere used to dete::mine trits. One of the nain objec-tives of the trials was to deteisine survlval of bacterla when dispersedby shelJ., Since few direct hits on the targeis were obbainedr Ishii, said,no conel.:rsive. data resulted and dissemination by this aeans v'las consideredi-r-ipracticall

0) @ Ishii stated that about 10 trialshad been nade in the viCi-nitt of Pilgfan for the purpose of evaLuatirg theefflciency of dlspersion of agents by spraying fron aircraft" Tire alrplaneused llas equipped utth_ a conpressed air tanlc and a separate tank for thespralr liquid, Coqpressed air released into the spra3r tanli forced the sprayliquid out into the air through a duct near the tail of the airplane" Solu-tions of dyes and suspensions of nonpathogenic organisns were used as testliquids, The *,.es eqoloyed l,rere O,l per cent solutions of fuchsin or anillnredo E" Egllilig and !, pro.disiosuq were used as test organisrcs" For de-tection of the colored solutions spra;red fbom the airplane, a'giid ofwhite test papers plaeed at 50 nceber i.rrterrrals suer an area 11000 lrcterssquare was usedo Petri dishes with standard agar r.e&iu!o tvere arranged inlike uamer for the detection of organismso Particle size and densityllereealeulated fron the test papers by means of a scaled lense or standard test

.€IEGF*

-U-

(

pap€rs were used f,or conparison, Ttre concenbratJ.on of onganlsns resultlnglrora the spray was estLnated by e:<a&inatlon of the Petri dlshes afber irpcubation ln the leboratorg.

Releaee of the Fprsy fcron altitudes under !00 roeters B&vedEtectable rezults, Thq dieneter of the parbiclee rezulttng fron the sprayranged fron 3 mjll{qretsrs to 50 uricrrns" llo organisrns xtere tscovered whenthe spray wag released frm,:altitudes over jr000 neters, ConslderabLe dlf*ficulty rrras erperienced with operatj.on of the spray meChani.sm" On oneoccasi6n the conpresged aLr tank buret, injuring the oporator' Aecordirgt,o Ishii, resulte fron the 6pray trlals rvere considered rlr,sattsfaetory andthis raethod of di,sseqination rras concluded to be inefficienb and qf no pos-sibLe operational rralite,

(4) !g$!gre,' It is apperenb fron tbe froguent referencesby the Jatrnnese to:oTffinatLon of welLs W the eneultr, and f,r'on the exberpsive neasures that were lnsbituted for punification of uoter in the fieldothat dissenirratlon of infectious agents by saboteurs was eefi.flrsly consilderedfron both the offeneive and defensive otandpint" Ishli lrtrerred thatsabptage was perhaps the nost effectlte neaff, of acploJmrent of Bif. Training'gf, personnel in thls astivity, as has been menbioned ln intel.llgence reports,$ag denied..

adriv*y ',,u ro*ll-rl*t fl"3:i:"#i:nriili#:il*1"#H:f: .,

Ishii, rfto had been concerned with tbe Bl? research conducted at the drryMedical College in Tolgo, lshii naintained that Blf irnrestiga!*9tlg-,ejltk,lnstitution hid been Li.rnlted to defensive investigattons i-n prernei*ivtqedi"clne. However, Naito stated that drlIe there was no diEtinct demarcationb6tween 'bhe BtT-and pregenttve ruedical research eondr:sted at the Amy lfie*icalCollege, S.nvestj-galions that had offensive BW implications wore carri.ed on,One pha6e of, BW rasearch, $raito stated, was the search for a stabl-e poisonthat coul-d be used for the sabotage of foodstuffeo !!cst of this work was .

concentrated on the thernostabi]e rrfugU toxlnrt obtained fro the llvers ofn!tsvr-f{5htt, Atte.npts were nede to concenbrate this toxi.n to a lethaldosage of I gama for mice. In a com;rarable dosage for man, it was ca1.;culated tlrat the toxln could be employed practically in sabotage activity"This degree of coneentration was not obtained, and f\rrbher efforts wereinterynpted by the B-29 ralds of l$ovember L9l+l+ and ceased altogether rvithdestruction, by fire, of the .Aruy ltedical College ln SPrll, L9l+5.

9 " DEFENSIVII BllI ACTIWTIES;

Ar.rgr:entation and intensificati.on of meaanreg for prneventdve iaedi-cine and i'rater purification were deened to bs the rnost ef,fective defeneeagalnst BIY. The widely dlstcibuted flxed and nobl,Le urrtts of the Boelcl

#itrF--1.

_lT*

lfirusui Bu were al-erbed and. responsible for the detection, prevention andcorrtrol of natural outbreaks of lnfectj"ous diseases aa weLl as diseasesof posslble eneny introduction" P'esearch in prerrenbive nedicine and theproduction of vaceines, seruns and other therapeulic agents at the Ping-fan installation and at the Ary MedicaL College ryere lntensified as aneans of BW defenseo Instnretion of nredical personnel Ln preventive medi-cirre pertaining to the defensive aspects of BIT rras likewise an activitl. at'both institutions"

.As a defense agaitst the potentialilies of BV,l lunltions rerrealedby the offensive experi-neubation at Pingfan, I*ii said thet the follovdngmeasures were dgveloped:

de Pr"otection by lying dovrn and takinS advantage of low groundor objectso

b, Ircn heLnets and bulletjroof Jackets"

cc Rej$orced cellophane wrappers and paFer ilrappers rrarnishedrrith persj-nuoon juice as a coverirg for the entjre body.

g" Protective cLothing of thin, nrbberized sllk and regular.4rry gas naskso

ec Pr.otective ointrqenb. Beguested for fur'tlwr infornation on. protecti-ve ointnents" Ishil r"epli-ed that an ointment effective

- against the glanders orgarrisn had be€h St*takpd having t'he '

follovring fouruLa: -".+i'!r --:r#-' ' -'

L[ercuric. o]g.tcl€nat€o. o re... o " 0"1$barche. r, o o Dr o.... t tr.'. o r.,c. ?"OTrgacanth powder'r...r.r.r..r 2"0

, Mgdicated soap"re.r ..' rt'.r.r. 1oOGl-ycerileo..'.... o.. r. r. t... r. t 1oOlltatgro. et r tc r. r r.. r.. t t t..... tf.OOo0

fo Mobile field disinfection carsl

(1) Qal trdtt for grrcund d:isinfection"

(2) C?r rrBrt for r.liciJaf,ection of pereonnel and clothirg,

g, Mobile field laboratory cars for detection and diagnosis'

ho Ai-rplanes for transportation of epidentological unitsr eqrrip-nenl and suppll-es, and for early €'i'acuation of patienbg.

i, Provision of hoopitaL trains and shJ.pso '

@#-L8-

i. Increased prociuction of vaccines, serurls, and o!1,-"1therapeutic agents j-ncluiling uarfanil and penicil-Iin"

ko =lar15' d.lagnosis and treattlent of infeciious diseases,

1o 'Enforceraent of preventive iru:oculation throughout the Arny.

As a further defensive neasure, liaison lras niaintained ;,{';rt'reri thql.Lilitary Police (Kenpei) and ihe Boeki Kyusui Bu. Tn an auxiliary c3,pacitytttre rdlitary pol-iee ienred as an intelligence netl'rork for the surveillanceof possibte-gif j-ncidentsn collection of evidencer and.the fPPrehension ofse.b6teurs. Since the peisonnel of this organlzation had rb prrfessl-onalt:'ainin3, they were given basic instnrction in elenentary baoteriology andepicienrroiogy by personnel from the Boeki K;rusui Bu" Instruction incluciedi;he syr-q:tor',.rato1ogy of the ooxa corirmon diseases, rlanner of lheir spreadtaud er.rergency control Epasureso They ltere taught not to place undue ers'phasisS yet not to overlook seen5-ngfy unfnpgrtant rncidents. Protryt re-_ports irere to be submiited. to their jriraediale corunncler:s trho in turn tlould-report to the headquarbers of 'bhe nearest Boeki K;'usui Bu where appropri-ateaction ',iouLd be taken,

10" NAVTT I$IIiIRJST IItr BiI. ;

baa,ieria'l bomb and to special pay for rpval persomel engaged in hazardousriuty including Bii research implied pgssibl e-ni,.v+l activity in Bl'fo l.lo

evidence supporting this inclicationi-EFllouid" the existance of a navalllark ? borrrb ivas denied by all Arriiy and Narry p'ersonnel who were intervievred"

Adn" Shigetaro Shi.rud.a, Ifinlster of the Nar,ry from October 1941to .Tuq' I9t&, lvas questioned regarding the document issued by his officelisf,ing special pay for Blr' duty. He denied naval activity in BlY and ex-plaiped the B'rf refbrence i n the docunent as having been inserted trby perr-sonnel responsible for drafting Navy regulations vdro possibly i-uagined Bt[r;-itir an eye to the futureorr fhe referenee uay ha.ve originatedr Shi:ladasaicl, iir the Offj-ee of the Sur3eon General of the NarrSr. Shjrirada consideredBif as :-nipracticable and an ineffective weapon j-n narral warfare"

It is evj-dent that no cooperation existed betvreen the Arny andi,lav;r on El[I research, Furtlienriore, no suidence lras found that independentresearch in tiris field r'ias Qond'ucted by the I'laq'" shi:'radals statertei:tsindicate that the Japanese I'larry a.t least had an inLerest in B'!Y froil theclefensive standpoint, and that liaison i-n this phase of B,I na)r hslrs e:listedbe'',lieen the Surgeons General of the Arrry and i'lar4y'

"ffiffiSnF

--1 Q-

(

ll-u ruASONS FOR LACK 0F PIUC|{ISS IN OFFillISM BW Dillfdfi,Onill\n.

Regardless of the intensive offensirie BIV investigations concluctedal the Pingfan installa',;ion, at no tjme lvas Japan prepared to ennploy BiT asa practical lveapon. Reasons given by Ishii for l-ack of pnrgress in offen-siye BII developnrent were, in substanee, the following:

3o The prinary r,rotive forl Japanese BIV research vras defensive.

b, No offlcial directive existed for BIV research, consequent\r,the neeessarXr grrt 4se persorulel and eqtripment were not avail*ableo

co Lack of conrpetenb technical persorurel. Only meager co[pe!'],s&-tion 'aras available for casualties from BlY researcho Thisfield ves, therefore, not attractive to qualified investi-gatorso

do Scienbific advisory cor,iuri-t'i;ees were not available for con-sultation because of the lack of conpeten{ persolbel"

Lack of essential l:aterials in Japan"

l,aek of support by the lligh Cor.urrand, The jmportance ofseience lvas not recogrtized" They (personnel in high cor'.mand)were 4ot capq_bIe of impartial Judgnent and did not respecticieirtjstEl .therefore, nisapprehension and superstition pre-vailed over scientific faetso

B, Anti-.espionege was i:rpossible and

12" PRACTICABJT,ITY qF BW,

Conclusions as to the praeti,cabllityothers lrere3

Japan feared retaliation.

of Bl'f e:qpressed by Ishii and

a, The practicability of BiI as an offensive rveapon renpins tobe demonstrated.

bo Because of the instabiLity of BIV ager:ts and the meny ess€rl-tial con*itions necessary for the successf\rl initiation ofan epiderrr-ic, the effective eroployrnent of BVli on a large scaleis doubtful,

BW might be. effegtive on a mal3- scale as a,&eans of sabotage"

Dqfense against BIV i-s gnssible by developnenb of rypr.opriatemeasures in preventive raed:icine"

ffi-20*

ee

4Io

do

6" Use of $rI rculd not be necesgarTr in a war buios won byother weapons and effective use of it couLd not be nadein d'efeatc i

;

fo BIV is not a decj-sive 'weapon, at the tnost, it could be buian awiliarTr weaponc

-6rfs-21-

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SUPPLEMENT I

SKETCH OF

HARB]N AREADRA*il FROM STETCH SLEMITTED BY

LT. 6EiI. IASA.'I TITANO

'ATE- 1-25-16 DRAYIN BY. E. T 5.

IIt (

€f

Centrai Office (tteadquarters), o c. e.. ' ".oDirector -

General Affairs Section, .,. o.r.. .. 'Chief

lst Sgctioo..r.'......rr..'.....'r.Chigf =

2nd SectiQR, r . | . . c ' r . . r r ' . ' r o ' r . i . . Chief

3rd Segtiollc.c.... c"t.. s e'.."t.r'Clrlef

4th SegtioB..o....r..r'.....r..!rr.Chigf e

Dalren Detached Office" r'.... rr.'.'Chief

$rpplement 2a

Lt" or Major General(uedtcal-)FuIL or Lt. Colonel(Medtcat)lfiajor General orColonel (Medical)F\rII or Lt" CoLonel([tedicar)FtrIL or Lt. Colonel(Medical)F\rIL or Lt. Colonel-(Ptrar:nacologist oruedisal)Englneer or Surgeon

Branch Offices:

Botanko Branch,.....r..re.o'c......Chief - Uaior or Lto Col-onel(uedicaL)

P;inkO BfanCh.rr.e...o...oc...,.....Chief * MajOf of Lto ColOneI(uealcal)

SOngO BranCh.. ..:.,., c q,. . " ", c.. r. 'Chief - - ryiol o1-ft. Colonel(Meaical)

Khairalu Branch"..recc,ee..r..r..",Chief - triajor or tlf" Co1on61

The personnel of the Headquarters and eaeh branch offiee is aE follons:

Persoru:el of the Headguarbers:

Arny SUrg€oflr.cce.r..q.......r'rt.. 35Phainracologisto."r',........'..... f,3Hygienic officersct.... r . c c...about 25Technical officers . t '..... o '..about 10Fj-scal offiegrs...r.'.r.o..',rr'...e 5Engineefs....... '. e r e.... r, '. '&bout 30At-y InstructoTS........t..qe..o.o. 3Interpretgrs'...o.........t..t..... 1N.CtO;....c..."'t.?r""".''about l-0O

Assistant-errgineef.r'i..'.......... L50Medical soldiars and'other oployeeo Sons

"SE€NF

-

.

=1-

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Sppplene$bI

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I

2s,

Persomel of the bransh offices:

Arq Srrrgpof,lro..r...f.rrr........to f-PharmacologiSfiot t..............trr. 1ilygienic officgr......'.r.......... LFlscal officgrs.orr.....r.r..r e..., 1l{.C;Oo.'t.....ro.t.t.......r...4b1* tOAssistanb-engiJteef. . .. . . . , . . . .aboui L9lledical soldigrs't..,.r.r.rlt.e.ert 40OCirrj-lian fuploy€es.',...... r'..'r"r Som

-rit*-r- l.__,--!:t s

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SupPlenent 2b

orryt_qF oq pgrgl ousTAlrl]uJMq Asn Eo-trG KYUqgI sl.

Io General Affairrs Department,.

A. Planrnng and Control"

B. Business Affairs.

C' Personnelr

D, Intendance.

E. Transporbation and Conmurrication.

F. Supenrision of Buildings.

G. Medical Affairs.

II. Rirst Department.

A. Investigation and research w'ith regard to the pretention andt'reating of various infectious diseases,

B. Physieal and chenr-ical tests of all kinds.

Co Research relating to the impnovenent of prevenLaLive j.nnocu- :EF*l-ation liqui-ds, ierums for sedlcal treatnrenb, etel " :"#:

D, F\r,nd,aurental resbarch relative to prevention of epideuics.

III" Second Deparbnenf"

Ao Research relative to the execution of neasures for the pre-.venLion of epideri-es"

B" tsrperj-ments on naterials for the prevention of epideqics"

Co Execution of neazures for the prevenbion of epidenics.

D. Guj-dance for the prevenlion of epid@ics.

E. Rapid transpor{ation of materiaLs and personnel connectedlrith the prevention of epidemies.

;#&n

(,

Supplenent, 2b

JV, Thitd DeParbment.

A, Sqreri-uenbs relating to the improvement of water supplyequiprnent,

.

B. Execution of measures for uater supply.

C. Gridanse for the supply of purifigd water.

Do Manufacture and r€pair of equipnent fonrater supPly'

E. iisinfesti-on.

V" Fourt,h Depaybnenti

A. The manufacture of preventative innoculation liqu-ids, sertrmsfor medical treatment, et'c'

;

Bo Culture nredieal e:'periments. i

VT, Sfiaterials Deparbnenb

A. Custody an{ supply of naterials for the prevention of epidemicotvlater supply and experiments. .-Hs* ; 4

Bo Research on preventati'e rrtedieines, ;'* - -:

Co. tr{anufacture of preventative medi-cines.

D. Pr.opagation and supply of small anilrals for experinenbal use,

VII, Branch Departments.

Ao. Drecution and guidance in measures for the pregenbion ofepidemics. and. rirater supply in the areas of their r€sponsiblLityo

B. Ilwestigations relating to the prevenbion of epideni0s andthe supply of purified yeter in the apeas of theii responsibility"

C, trlinor repairs in epidenie prevention and vrater supply equipment.

WII" Dairen Branch'

Ao Research relating to the jmpr^ovement of prerreutivo lnnocul-a.tionsolutions! sel:ums for diagrnsis and treatment, etco

*-.S8CAE&,

n2-

(

!-Supplement 2b

lfanufactur^e and supply of the above merbj-oned sotuttons,senrm.s, etc;

Research in pathogenie bacteria,

Dceeubion of measures for the prevenUion of epidemics in thearees of their responsibility.

rc.";r*iltF?+

- -Y

Bo

Co

D.

ll ,\ll firru! v^ccriall tloouclror

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fl.o"..*o*.

rorL.i roor

Lli r!ltl toi altttailtat-tuat3 ttrta)

Plrro* ro.^rilY U---L

MT tol l^rullcrura

l'o"'*":.,"".:" l---lI I orrrrr roor

ll0 tat^ri ot trLlai.tuta3 l?!t:l

,F."".

Elasalici ioor toi

=:groi roi rcorc^L-_-,_:{.+ii3Pto rror

^iDor!ttaacllot -

SUPPLEMENT 3 A

E OIVISION_ CAMP DETRICXFREDERICX

SPLAN OF

HARBIN RESEARCH LABORATORYORAWN FROT SXETOH SUBIIITTED 8Y

LI 6EH.sHIRO ISHII

oaTE-.4-24-16

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lEEry

Supplenent 3e

oJ?rI }E.*oIlIo.RK JpNpgc q p By r_HE p r.lrgFAr't. J ryq qlTutg

Io 4psEAncJi rN qn"tiy+MTvii i:prc{pLo rmproveuenb of vaccines: Typhoid and paratyphoid, dJrsentery,' cholera, plagueo whooping cough, epidemic cerebrospinal nen-

lngitis and gonococcus vaccines.

2o Research in Anatoxins: Gas gangrene, tetarnrs, diptheria and,scarlet fever anatoxins.

3" ftprover:rent of Curative Sera: Gas gangrene, tetanus, scarletfever, erysipeLas, diptheria, Srsentery, str:eptococcusr staph-lococcus, pneumonia, epidemic eerebrospinal neningitis andplague sera.

al+, lfeasures for Prromotion of the Health of soldiers: Researchperbai-ning to food, rest, sleep and supply of rvater inJapanese barrackso

5. Prevention of fuberculosis:

&o Relati.onshtp betlveen foodo rest, sleep, supply of rater and,calo:ies neededggege+A*ary work"

!r*rE; -r:4€=*:r:3.'+=;€n::'

bo Preventive inoculation.

ce Quaranbine and disinfection.

6, Research in Rickettsial and Vims Vaeeines: Typhus (R.pror,raz"Li);' tr{anchurc-an fever (R"nranchuriae), epldenic rrernoirtragie fivern

forest tick encephalitis, rabies and snall 1nx vaccines, - -

'1" Vitamin Research"

8o Eesiccation Begeareh; Methods for desiccation and storage inthe dried state of prevenbive and curative sera, 4iagnosticagents and blood plasrna.

9. Propagation of SmalL Anj:nals for Research: MLce, rats, rnarmots,rabbits and goats,

10o Researclr in Envirsnnrental llygiene"

IL; Research in Self-Supply of Foodstuf,fs for llqbers of the Insti-tute"

w" sesearch in Preventi.ve ldethods of Arrthrarc and Glanders"

=ffi,*i-

Fgrrpplement 3e

II. ffi.SEARCH IN UIAGNOSTICST

!'o Research in the Dn:nng and Supply of Diagnostic Agents"

2o Research in Iong Perlod Storage of Dlagnostlc Sera in theDried Sbate.

3, Diagnostie Allergic Antigens: fuberculin, plague, tulareuS-a,Dis!: and Schick test antJ,gens.

l+, Serologlcal Id,entifrcation,

5. Methods for Dlagnosis of Anbhrax and Glandorso

III. RESEANCH IN TI{ERAPEUTICS:

J. surgical Trectlexl: llar\r o:rtirpatlon of the lynryhatlc glandsin pest and anthrax,

2o Internal Treatment: Radlcal cure of tlphoid and paratSphoidcarriergo

3. Chernical Treatnentl lfiarfanil-, sulforivanol, penieillin,-!i=..!+Jk_,. .;' '-,.*leo nadidalfF€t=of patients with Vinrs Infections: Epidenie

hemorrhagic ferrer, forest tiek encephalitis.

5, Serrum Therapyr $phoid, pest, anthroc, Srsentery.

6. Research in Effectiveness of Dried Blood Plasrna for Fie1dTransfusionr Gffectiveness as applled to members of theunit and their fanilies.

7. Physical Treatoent: Pnojection of J(-R4' on the spleen forserun siclcness.

8. Vaccine Therapy of lphus,

9. Treailenl of Anthroc and OLenders.

rV. RES]il\RCH IN FIJfi,D DISTNFffTION:

1. ltrethods for field disi.nfecti-on.

2o Disl-nfecti.on a;ents.

#!

--2-'

(

SuppLener* 3e

3, Field, dlsinfection cars for ground disinfestiono

4, Field disj.nfeetion cars for clothirg and perssnnel,

5o Research in giela gern d,etection cars.

6. Research ln prevention end. guarqntine railway trains and shlps"

7. Beeearch ln the use of afrpl,anes for disirrfection"

V, NESEARCH IN DRUES AI{D CI{IJTfICALS:

-

.r- ... | - .-l

L" S;nthesis of rnarfanll ard sulforivanolo

2" Penicillin producti-on"

3. $;rbraction of asparagin for Sautonts medlum,

l+, Srbraction of vitamin C from rtYgna-hailanasu.rr

5" Use of birch oi1 .e:cbraet for insecticide,

::-.i+-- '.- 6o Slmthesis of qitanin B, and Br.'

-_.-j=..- -,.:-.:.

7, Peptone researcho

8o Preparation of meat essence fron wild sillavorm pupae.

9o Refining of industrial arnuoniun sulphate for coneent:rationof diptheria toxin.

10, Preparati-on of pepsin and parcreatin,

Lf., F!e1 for autonobiles irrn birch oif.i2. Substitute fuel fronr 3.ignite for autonobiles.

13o lfianufqcture of alcohol from lesources in lfianchuria,

74, Eli-mination of gun'-like rnatter fron cold-proof lubricati-ng oiJ-(a mi;cture of beirpoil and eastorr-oil) rvhen alcohol is used asaj.rcraft oilo Preventable by using $Uft a]-;cohol, and 2Q3 gaso-line, ot, 8So alcohol and 2@ pine root oiI,

15" Research in ehlorine test paper,

-5!F-ffi

*a'-

\

.G-Supplemeni Je

VT" RESEARCH IN SUBSTIflJTJS }DR CI,ryI}IES AND TCOD:_ ffi___'!E+

1o Use of Ulanchurian wiLd sill';tvom for clothing zubstitute,

2, Food substitutes from Mccr,churian resourcesc

3o Gold s@rage of vegetables.

l+o Edible grass as substitutes for vegetables.

5" Edible grass as substitutes for vegetable feeds of onall- anisals.

vrl. 3E9IASQS_IU 4Eo*sUplLX Oe, pururupP $ffi:Io Cold-proof eq-uipment for sanitar;r filtering apparatus.

2, Decreasirg weight and vohrae of sanitary fiJi,ering apparatus"

3. Subsbitqtes for alrxrinrrn and iron in filtening apparatus.

l+" l,[ess procluction of diatornite filtering apparatus,

i€ 5" l"{ethods for deterraination of disinfection of water in the fiellF

6. Detection of poison in rsater"

7. Softening of hard water.

. 8. Fl.linnj':aflon of iron j-n water fi-ltering tubes.

' 9, Improvenent of nethods for rpshj.qg r,vater filtering equ-ipnrento

10. Transporting of snaIl-sized filtering apparatus by dogs.

11 * Supp1y of purified water in bags d:nopped fron aircraft.

a2n l,lethods for increasing capacit;' of diatoruite filtering tubes o

ITIII" RSSEA"RCH IN TRAJISPOBTATION:

1" Air transport of personnel and lrateria.Ls for preventive medici.ne"

2, Eracuation.of patients with infectious diseases by airplaneo

3, Reseerch i.n cold-proof hygiene.

@

r''t(,

H

IXO

1o Dejensive ::easures againsbthe institute"

2l ,..Resuarch

in dissenrination

ilguE4w:)." Vaccines:

Srlpplenent 3e

eiperirilental bo:':bs nanufactured by

by spray and ureasures for defense.

1F./L o

Dried Yaccine.

bb Plage.vaccine.

co Tlrphold and paratlphoid vaccine"

d. Gas gangrene veecine.

g" Tetanus vaccinel

fo Cholera vaccine.

$o llfsenter;r vaccine.

ho ScerLet fever vacsine.

i. lihoopi:tg cough vaccine"

j, Diptheria vaccine.

k, Eruptlve typht'.s vacsine.

(1) Vacei-ne prepared fron eggs.

(2) Vaccjne prepared, f:rcra rvhiie rat lurgs.

$) Veecj-ne prepared fron wild squirrel lungs,

2u -@t+F-SeR:ae Gas gargrene serufl"

b. Tetanus serum"

:-bd

*5-

--$upplenent Je

so Diptheni,a set:um.

do Dysentery serum.

Bo $breptoioccus serum. .

fo Staphlococcus seru[r

g. Erysipelas otrative serume

ha Pneumonia curative sertm,

i" Epidenlc cereo'rospinal meningitis curative senu"

j. Plague curative seruro,

3" Dias.nostic Antipens:

&o fyphoid.

bo ParatJrphoLd.

cc itruptive t;4pj:us,

cLr lUDerCU-LtIIo

l+, Diaenostid Serat

-

ao Diagnosti-e serun for t5rphold fever.

bo Diagnostic serut for paratyphoid.

co Diagnostie serlrm for all types of dysentery.

do Diagnostic senm for aLL types of qholera,

Bp Di-agnostic serulr for epidenic cerebrospi-naI rniningitis"

f" Diagnostic s.emm for pneunonia.

g" Salmone'l'la factor serum.

5" Mer!-gftsls for Ri-lterine Apparatus:

ae Filtering apparatus (B)"

bo Riltering apparatus (C).

#. *6r-

G,

co Ri-ltering appdratus (D),

d. Filteri.ng apparatus parbs.

Q. I'fater filtering tubes,

6. Prueq:

ae Peptone.

b" Meat es8ence,!c. l,Ia;otln.

d. },brfanil.

€, PenLcillln,

f, Birch olL.

Supplement 3e

7,

8.

Bep,air of tdater Filterinn Apparatus:

ao I Bomb,

b, Ro BoLS.

go Ha Bornb.

d, Ni Bomb.

€r U Bomb.

f. Uji BoEb (Ofa type).

g. Uji Bosb (qrpe 5O).

h" Uji Bonb (f!pe lOO).

io Ga Bomb.

- -'l-

'l"SF -:ffi'

Tentative !,Ianufacture of Bonbs:

\

uNcLAsslFIE9

TYPE 12 FUZE

BRO,YN POWOER tTNT)

SCREW ASSEMELY

POWOER

PRODUGTIONI APPROXIMATELY 3OO RoutIoS IN 1957

WEIGHT: gO KG.

CAPACITY, ? LITERS

FUZE. TYPE-YEAR 12 TTOXA SHUPATSUT

EXPLOSIVE' AppRox. So oRAts BLACK pouo€R,30 GRAlt|S BROfil{ POWDER (T1{T)

SUPPLEMENT 4A

UNCLASSIFTED

j-ooo<o

I BOMBO(PERIUETTAL BOMB

FOR EACTERIAL LIQUIO

ORAWN FROT SKEYCH SUEXITTED BYLT,6Et{. SHIRO rSHil

FrF';ffiffiil

UNCLASSIFIEU

TYPE 12 FUZE

BLACK POT'OER

POWDER (TNT)

too

;I

I

I

I*lI

I

I

I

I

I

t

PROoUCTIONT too RouNDs llr 1937

WEIGHT; 20 KC.

oAPAC|TY: e UTER9

FUZE! TYPE-YEAR 12'TOI(A 3I{UPATSU.

EXPLOSIVEI APPROX. 30 GRAT3 sLAOT PqYTD€R,40 CnAnS BRO$il POWOER (TXT)

SUPPLEMENT 4 B

RO BOMBEXPERIMENTAL BOMB

FOR EACTERIAL LIOUIO

( (*

UNCLASSIFIEP_ _" _-EEe

( (^

.-.t:i;lti;{!*

t;--:-,-,-

SOLDER JOINT

s€t$,,:g.i-

BoOSIER*w'

TYPE 12 FINE

".t -

PROOUCTION, 300 ROUNOS lN 1956

WEIGHT, .o Kc.

CAPACITY' ?OO CC. 8ACTERIAL FLUIO- I5OO STEEL PELLETS

FUZES. IYPE-YEAR 12 .TOKA SIIUNPATSU.

EXPLOSIVE, APPRox. 3 ro. aRosrl PowoER (TilT) SUPPLEMENT 4G

HA BOMBEXPERIMENTAL FMGMENTATION

BOMB FOR ANTHRAX

r"' C

iJi ; ::-.,',. :':l : rI :D

TYPE 12

IMPACT FUZE

PERFORATEDSPRAY HEAD

TYPE 12IMPACT F(,IZE

==oNId?

I

I

I

I

IIt,,:*/:/

I.iI

iI

i

I

I

I

I

I

PROoUoTION, zo Rouf,Ds ll r93eWEIGHTI 50 KC.

CAPAOITY: APPROXI TATELY 23 LIIERSFUZEST yEAn t2'To(A 3HupATsu'Ailo f sEcolto

DELAY TAIL FUZE

EXPLOSIVET aoo eRlrs Bnowx porD€R (TxTlSUPPLEMENT 4D

U BOMBEXPERIMENTAL SPRAY TYPE BOME

DiAWT FNOI SKETOH TIJgXTTTEO T'

(

SUPPLEMENT 4E

ffi-

PRODUGTIOiI,APPROIIilAT€LY 5oO RouNDs lN 1959

WEIGHT' e5 Ks.

OAPAOITY. APPROXIXATELY I! LTTERS

FI,ZE'TIXE FUZE (R€TOOELED FROI TYPE.YEAR FIVEOOIIPLEX R.rzE FOR ARNLLERY SHELL)

D@LOSIVE. APmoxIxATELY . IETER3 PRItrAcoRo

OLD TYPE UJI BOMBPORC€LAIN qPERIIIENTAL BOUA

FOR BACTERIAL LIAUIO

( (

i^-_-"_." J{&

JIon-F

()

.-.*r{:

PROoUCTIO!|, 60 RoUt{OS lil lgaowEICHI' 36 xe.CAPAOTYT A''iOIIIATELV I' UTEi3FT'ZE' TIIE FUZE (NETOOELEO IYP€ YErr.RV€

COI'PLEX FI'IE F('i ARTILLEiY3TELLIEXPLOSIVE. I+NOIIIATELY !,! IETEi3 PiIIAooto SUPPLEMENT 4F

GA BOMBEXPERITIET{TAL GLASS BOME

FOR EACTERIAL LIAUODRlilTT ?Nfl g€rcfl g.HIIEDBY

H*

UTiCLASgiFTET'

( (

r-.- +. )-'.+i-:,..j@1-qffnqt'1!!F

-iJi,iCLASSIFIED

TYPE-I IMPACT FUZE( OELAY )

BRq,vN POWoER(TNT}

cA.t80intPORCELAIN CASE

CELLULOIO FINS

IME FUZE

Y PIN

TYPE 50

PROoUCTION, appioxrrarELY 600 RouNDs r9ao-rgatI{EIGHT' 25 TE. OAPACITYIAPPROXIIAIELV IO LIIERSFUZE, ilO3E FUZE-TYPE I ITPAOI TDELAYI

TAIL FUZE- IIIE FUZE (RETOOELEO FRON TYPEIEAN 5 COTPLEX FUZE FON ARTILLERY3HELLI

EXPLOSIVETAPffiOXIIATELY 4 IETER3 PRIIACORD AND3OO BRATS TNT.

TYPE IOO (SAilE OESIGN)

PROoUCTION, EOo ROUNoS l94o-1942LENGTH,APPROX. 1600 I[ WIOTH.APPROX. IOO II.WEIGHT. 30 XE. CAPACITYI APPROX. 2' LITENT

FUZES' ( slrE IEXPI.oSIVEIAPPROX. II IETEi3 PiIIACORO AIID

600 6RAl3 TiT.

SUPPLEMENT 4G

t=ooF<o

TYPE 50 UJI BOMBIMPROr'ED PORCELAIN

EXPERIMENTAL BOMB FOREACTERIAL LIOUID

oR xrN FRil SXgrcfl SUalrrED ttLT, GEr{. SH|RO rSXil