Nuclear Physics European Collaboration Committee (NuPECC), October, 2014.

Report on Nuclear Physics Activities in Canada

Jens DillingCanadian Institute of Nuclear Physics

2

CINP’s Mission

preparing the research plans of the Canadian Nuclear Physics research community for presentation to bodies such as the NSERC Subatomic Physics Long Range Planning Committee and Subatomic Physics Evaluation Section.

representing the interests of the Canadian Nuclear Physics community to relevant bodies, in Canada and abroad.

providing a forum for the advancement of the interests of students and alumni of higher education programs in Nuclear Physics in Canada.

organizing workshops or other initiatives of interest to the Canadian Nuclear Physics community.

facilitating Canadian participation in new Nuclear Physics initiatives in Canada and abroad.

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CINP Governance Structure

Institutional Members

McGill University

Mount Allison University

Saint Mary’s University

TRIUMF

University of Guelph

University of Manitoba

University of Regina

University of Winnipeg

Pay Annual Dues andElect Board

Board of DirectorsJens Dilling President

Jean Barrette

Paul Garrett

Gerald Gwinner

Rituparna Kanungo

Jeff Martin

Executive DirectorGarth Huber

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CINP Scientific Working Groups (SWGs)SWGs are intended to facilitate collaboration among researchers with common interests, and to enhance the profile of a specific research area within Canada.

• Individual Members are eligible to apply for membership in one or more SWGs. • SWG activities include:

• holding topical workshops or other initiatives.• input to CINP external scientific briefs.• encouraging new collaborative efforts.

SWG Chair Institution

Nuclear Structure Adam Garnsworthy TRIUMF

Nuclear Astrophysics Iris Dillmann TRIUMF

Fundamental Symmetries Gerald Gwinner University of Manitoba

Hadron Structure/QCD Charles Gale McGill University

Nuclear Physics Education and Training

Juliette Mammei University of Manitoba

The intent is for the scientific activities of the CINP to be ambitious and broad-based.

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Canadian Subatomic Physics Long Range Plan

In Canada, Nuclear Physics, High Energy Physics, Particle Astrophysics, and Underground Particle Physics are funded from a common “Subatomic Physics Envelope”.

Under NSERC’s aegis, the Canadian Subatomic Physics community establishes its scientific priorities through five-year Long Range Plans.

The CINP co-ordinates the Nuclear Physics community input to this plan.

A blue-ribbon committee reviews the community’s input and formulates the Long Range Plan. The CINP Executive Director is a non-voting observer.

The most recent Long Range Plan covers the period 2011-2016.

Planning for 2016-2021 LRP to begin in 2015.

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Canadian Subatomic Physics LRP2011-16: Budgetary Context and Priorities

Current NSERC Subatomic Physics Envelope: C$22.7M Low and Intermediate Energy Nuclear Physics experiment operating funds about

C$4.5M/year.

Complementary to funding of Canada’s national laboratories.

Complemented by Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) beyond R&D, for the final purchase of major capital equipment.

LPR recommendations regarding NSERC Envelope: Ensure R&D activity directed at the next generation of discovery projects through

effective funding of equipment (e.g. CFI).

Ensure continuous research support of flagship projects in which Canada is actively particpating.

Envelope funding has been fixed at C$22.7M for many years (no inflationary increases). Fortunately, CFI funds have been available to offset equipment purchases funded in earlier years by Envelope.

Recommend to increase Envelope funding by C$3.5M/year.

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Canadian Subatomic Physics LRPContext

TRIUMF is Canada’s nuclear laboratory for Nuclear and Particle Physics research and related sciences.

TRIUMF establishes five year plans for its scientific priorities and operations.

TRIUMF is an active contributor to Canadian Subatomic Physics LRP

TRIUMF has received (one year early) $M222 and is asking for an addition for the CAPTURE initiative $M68 for 2015-20.

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Highlights of Canadian Contributions in Nuclear Physics

TRIUMF ISAC-I & II accelerator operational along with major new spectrometers and auxiliary devices. TRIUMF-ISAC Gamma-Ray Escape-Suppressed Spectrometer (TIGRESS)

TRIUMF’s Ion Trap for Atomic and Nuclear science (TITAN).

TRIUMF Weak Interaction Symmetry Test (TWIST) collaboration recently completed the most precise measurement of the muon decay distribution.

Ultra Cold Neutron (UCN) facility, as a joint effort with Japan, preparing for installation in TRIUMF Meson Hall, with first measurements planned for 2017.

Key measurements of nuclear reactions important in cataclysmic binary systems by TRIUMF’s Detector of Recoils and Gammas Of Nuclear reactions (DRAGON).

Qweak experiment at Jefferson Lab has released its initial scientific results following successful data taking with Canadian-funded solenoidal spectrometer.

Active participation in Jefferson Lab 12 GeV Upgrade, including hardware contributions to Halls A, C, D.

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Hadrons/QCD – Big Questions

• How do the nucleon’s properties (mass, spin, charge radius, etc.) arise from its quark and gluon constituents?• Transition from pQCD to Strong QCD needs data with high precision

for a quantitative understanding of confinement.

• What is the phase diagram of QCD?• Nuclear collisions are the only way to probe QCD at high

temperature/density in the laboratory.

Examples of key Canadian initiatives from 2011-16 LRP:

Search for exotic hybrid mesons (qqg states) with unique quantum numbers (JLab - Hall D/GlueX).

Determine the structure of the pion at small distance scales to better understand the transition of QCD from short- to long-distance scales (JLab – Hall C/Pion Form Factor Expt).

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Nuclear Structure - Big Questions• Where are the limits of nuclear existence and can these

limits be understood and/or predicted from first principles?

• How do the properties of nuclei evolve as a function of the neutron-proton asymmetry and also as a function of proton and neutron number?

• What are the mechanisms responsible for the organization of individual nucleons into the collective motions that are observed?

Examples of key Canadian initiatives from 2011-16 LRP:

Precision nuclear mass measurements (ISAC - TITAN).

Studies of nuclear spectroscopy (ISAC - TIGRESS, GRIFFIN, EMMA spectrometers + auxiliary devices).

Laser spectroscopy studies.

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Nuclear Astrophysics – Big Questions• How, when, and where were the chemical elements

produced?

• What role do nuclei play in the liberation of energy in stars and stellar explosions?

• How are nuclear properties related to astronomical observables such as solar neutrino flux, rays emitted by astrophysical sources, light emitted by novae and X-ray bursts, etc.?

Examples of key Canadian initiatives from 2011-16 LRP:

Measurements of key nuclear reaction rates and to understand the nature of relevant nuclear resonances

(ISAC - DRAGON, TUDA, TACTIC).

Study origin of heavy elements via spontaneous fission of 252Cf

(Argonne - CARIBU facility).

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Beyond the Standard Model – Big Questions• Studies of fundamental symmetries via very precise low

and intermediate-energy experiments have been part of nuclear physics since its inception.

• Complementary to direct probes by high energy physics since precision lower-energy experiments indirectly probe mass scales and parameter spaces not otherwise accessible.

• Is there additional CP & T violation beyond that identified in Kaons and B-mesons?

• What is the structure of the Weak Interaction?• Can we find violation of CPT and Lorentz invariance?

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Beyond the Standard Model- Answering the Big Questions

Examples of key Canadian initiatives from 2011-16 LRP:

Probe electroweak coupling and its dependence on distance scale in ISAC - Francium Parity Non-Conservation experiment.

Probe CP/T-violation in ISAC - Radon Electric Dipole Moment experiment (new GRIFFIN γ array is commissioned).

CKM unitarity tests in nuclear β–decay (ISAC - TITAN, GRIFFIN).

Constrain weak scalar interactions via β-ν correlations from spin-polarized trapped atoms (ISAC - TRINAT).

Measure the electron weak charge and the running of sin2θw at intermediate energy in the MOLLER Experiment (JLab - Hall A).

Search for CPT Violation in trapped Antihydrogen (CERN - ALPHA).

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Canada’s accelerator complex:

TRIUMFISACHighest Power ISOL RIB facility-Nuclear Structure-Nuclear Astrophysics-Fund. Symmetries-CMMS (NMR)

Nordioncommercial medical isotope production 3 cyclotrons

CMMSCentre for Molecular and Material Science (SR)

Particle Physics Pienu (- 2012)Ultra Cold Neutrons (2015 -)

Cyclotron500 MeV 350 A

ISAC-I60 keV,

1.7 AMeV

ISAC-II>10 AMeV

40 MV SRFHeavy Ion Linac

Advanced Rare Isotope Laboratory

(ARIEL)

e-LINAC300-500 kW photo-fission

driver(2015-2017)

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Canada’s rare isotope facility today: ISAC

ISOL facility with highest primary beam intensity (100 A, 500 MeV, p)

Programs in

•Nuclear Structure & Dynamics

•Nuclear Astrophysics

•Electroweak Interaction Studies

•Material Science

ISAC I: 60 keV & 1.7 AMeV

ISAC II: 6 AMeV for A<15016AMeV for A<30

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The Future: ARIEL04/05/2013

Krücken - Saint Mary's Colloquium 17

expand RIB program with: • 3 simultaneous beams

• increased number of hours delivered per year

• new beam species

• enable long beam times (nucl. astro, fund. symm.)

• increased beam development capabilities

New electron linac driver for photo-fission New proton beamline New target stations and front end

Finished Phase I Applied for Phase II

(~2016-19)

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Cyclotron vault

RIB front end

Electron Hall

Target Hall

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October 1st: 22.9 MeV @ EABD

ARIEL Phase ICivil construction and eLINAC

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ARIEL: MW-class e-linacARIEL: MW-class e-linac

Photo-fission products using 50 MeV 10 mA electrons on to Hg convertor & UCx target.

up to 1014 fissions/s

100 kW, 25 MeVelectrons by 2014

500 kW, 50 MeV electrons by 2017

TIMELINE:•2014 first beam, target R&D•2017 new front end•2017 physics production 8Li•2018 photo fission•2020 proton beam (3 beams)

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Installed 2014

UCN/EDM @ TRIUMF

2015 Shutdown

• decommissioning of existing beamline M13• installation of BL1U downstream end• preparation for Kicker installation upstream

2015/16:•kicker•target•moderators•He-II cryostat•UCN guides•UCN polarizer•finish shielding

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downstream beamline section

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HV/EDM cell test stand:•HV feedthrough problems solved•commissioned at 96 kV

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EDM

BPM

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2013/14 Research Highlights- Proton Weak Charge (Qweak) @ JLab

Very significant contributions by Manitoba/Winnipeg/UNBC/TRIUMF groups. Co-spokesperson S.Page and other

key collaboration leadership positions.

$3M total funding from NSERC, and many detector components including magnetic toroid coils.

First results in Phys. Rev. Letters consistent with Standard Model prediction.

Final result will use 25x more data, yielding uncertainties small enough to seriously constrain possible physics beyond Standard Model.

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Collinear Fast Beam Spectroscopy @ ISAC

Laser spectroscopy capable of performing laser spectroscopy on heavy elements with sufficient resolution to extract nuclear spins, changes in charge radii and ground state moments.

Voss, et al., PRL 111, 122501 (2013) First use of High-Frequency Intensity Modulation of Narrow-Line-width Laser Light and its

Application in Determination of 206,205,204Fr Ground-State Properties. Positively identified two low lying isomers in each of 204Fr and 206Fr.

Voss, et al., J. Phys G 41, 015104 (2014) New, high resolution variant on beta detected NMR that has allowed the ratio of the 9Li/11Li nuclear

quadrupole moments to be determined to high precision.

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Isospin-symmetry breaking in A = 20,21 multiplets (TITAN)

M(A,T,Tz) = a(A,T) + b(A,T) Tz + c(A,T) Tz2

• G.S. binding energy

• non-zero d coefficients in all three multiplets

• dexp cannot be explained by USDA/B models

• uncertainties in EFT calculations too large to be definitive

20Mg+

20Mg: 45 deviation from AME12 & 15x improved

precision

21Mg: 14 deviation & 22x improved precision

Compared to USDA/B & EFT NN+3N predictions

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TITANDecay spectroscopy of highly charged ions

Charge breeding lengthens storage times without ions losses longer observation times large sample: up to 1•108 ionsOther advantages: magnetic field eliminates background & backing-free samples essentially 511keV-freeModerate charge states do not affect lifetimes or EC branching ratios towards 2ν2β NME tests

124Cs+ injection

0-2 s 6-8 s 12-14 s 18-20 s

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Nuclear Theory Highlights

Prediction of N=34 magic number from MBPT valence-space Hamiltonians

Phenomenology: inconsistent predictions NN+3N: reproduces signature of new N=34 magic number

Agreement with new measurements from RIKEN

J. Holt et al., PRC 90, 024312 (2014) J. Holt et al., PRC 90, 024312 (2014)

N. Dicaire, C. Omand, P.Navratil

Softening of realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions by similarity renormalization group transformations to improve convergence of ab initio calculations. New generators proposed (Gs

A , GsB) and tested.

These generators induce weaker three- and four-body forces compared to the standard (Trel)) generator. Three-term co-op student project. PRC 90, 034302 (2014)PRC 90, 034302 (2014)

PLB 736, 334 (2014)PLB 736, 334 (2014)

O. J. Hernandez, Chen Ji, S. Bacca et al.

Ab initio calculation of nuclear polarization corrections to the μD Lamb shift , most accurate evaluation so far:

δnucl=-1.24± 1% meV

error obtained by averaging on several potential and studying several orders in chiral EFT

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New Research Capabilities- IRIS begins operation @ ISAC

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New Research Capabilities- Canadian Detectors @ JLab 12 GeV

Hall D Barrel Calorimeter. $2.3M detector funded by USDOE

and NSERC. Designed and constructed in Regina,

5 months ahead of schedule. BCAL installed in bore of

superconducting solenoid in September and cabling completed in December.

Commissioning to begin in February. Hall C Heavy Gas Cherenkov.

Funded by NSERC. Designed and constructed by Regina

group. Detector assembly at JLab in August.

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TITAN RFQ cooler Layout fixed Reqs specs released HRS simulation

being finalized, magnets design started

RFQ cooler simulations in progress

EBIS being designed and built at MPI Heidelberg

Nier spectrometer simulations completed

New Research Capabilities- CANREB@ISAC funded by CFI-NIF

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New Research Capabilities- Anti-Hydrogen Trap ALPHA @ CERN

Very significant Canadian contributions supported by NSERC, TRIUMF and the universities.

Recently completed construction and commissioning of ALPHA-2 trap, a major upgrade to the original ALPHA trap.

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ALPHA: results

MC sensitivity

Result (M. Baquero, Ph.D. UC Berkeley):Q=(−1.3±1.1±0.4) × 10−8 New limit on e+ charge

ALPHA’s first precision result!

Biasing E field

Key: position sensitive detection

Is antihydrogen neutral?Nature Comm. 5, 3955 (2014)

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Canadian Subatomic Physics LRP2011-16: Priorities in Nuclear Physics

Continue and expand full exploitation of TRIUMF’s ISAC-I and ISAC-II facilities, with unique suite of measurement tools, including new spectrometers and devices.

Support key experimental initiatives offshore where Canadians lead. Examples: Jefferson Lab Halls D,C,A following

12 GeV Upgrade. Canadian Penning Trap at Argonne. ALPHA at CERN.

Maintain a vibrant and diverse theoretical community pursuing the most actively pursued questions in nuclear physics.

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Canadian Subatomic Physics LRP2017-21: Upcoming Nuclear Physics Projects

Implementation of ARIEL project at TRIUMF, including second ISAC proton beam line and new actinide target stations, has tremendous potential for scientific discovery and advancement of the field.

Movement of the Ultra-Cold Neutron (UCN) source from RCNP to TRIUMF would make it the world’s most intense source of cold neutrons and allow the current limit on the neutron EDM to be improved by a factor of ~3.

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Closing Comment

• Canadian Nuclear Physics research spans a wide range of fundamental scientific questions about the properties of hadrons and nuclei.

• The focused experimental and theoretical initiatives at home and abroad of teams of Canadian researchers have made internationally recognized contributions to important questions that span the range of the field.

• This work capitalizes on the skills and strengths that have been developed over many years.

• Canadian Nuclear Physics is a strong partner in the international science landscape.