report on rapid assessment water & sanitation

8/9/2019 Report on Rapid Assessment Water & Sanitation

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2010

EXTENSION OF WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION IN

KAMPOT DOWNTOWN PROJECT OF UN-HABITAT COMMUNITY-BASED WATER SUPPLY AND

SANITATION PROJECT

Output Under The Cooperation Agreement Between

UN-HABITATAT

and

Kampot Water Supply Utility

Report on Town Rapid Assessment (A1)

K A M P O T W A T E R S U P P L Y

C A M B O D I A

Mekong Regional Water and Sanitation Program (MEK-WATSAN)


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Contents 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................. 3

2. Objective ................................................................................................................................. 3

3. Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 4 4. Location and Target Area........................................................................................................7

5. Socio-Economic Context ........................................................................................................8

5.1. Population.............................................................................................................................8

5.2. Employment .......................................................................................................................12

5.3. Household income and expenditure ...................................................................................17

5.4. Social Structure and Zoning...............................................................................................21

5.5. Poverty Spatial Distribution ...............................................................................................24

5.5.1 Poverty Mapping ..........................................................................................................25 5.5.2 Result of poverty mapping ...........................................................................................27

6. Gender Issue.......................................................................................................................... 27

7. Dwelling................................................................................................................................28

8. Present Situation of Water Supply in Kampot Downtown ...................................................32

8.1 Health and Sanitation ..........................................................................................................32

8.2 Water Sources used in the target area covered by the pipe by Kampot Wtare Supply......34

8.3 Water sources used in the target area ..................................................................................36

8.3.1 Sources Water for drinking ..........................................................................................38 8.3.2 Source of water for cooking ......................................................................................... 39

8.3.3. Sources of water for bathing .......................................................................................41

8.3.4 Sources of water for washing ....................................................................................... 42

9. Willingness to pay for water connection fee.........................................................................43

10. Sanitation and Waste Disposal .............................................................................................. 44

10.1 Toilet Type ........................................................................................................................46

10.2 Disposal of household waste water ................................................................................... 46

11. Solid waste management.........................................................................................................46

12. View on future development of water and sanitation ............................................................47

12.1 Commune Development Plan............................................................................................47

12.2 Urban Planning for Water Supply .....................................................................................49

ANNEX: Questionnaire Related to Willingness to Pay for Water Connection fee.


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1. IntroductionThe primary purpose of the project is to improve water supply and environmental

sanitation for at least 7,500 poor people or 75% of the poor in Kampot Town. The targeted area

that was selected for water supply are: Kampong Bay ,Traeuy Kaoh , Kampong Kraeng

commune. For improving the sanitation condition in the Kampot town the project selected five

more commune as Kampong Kandal, Andoung Khmaer, Maekprang, Krang Ampil, Chum Kriel,

Trapaeng Thum.

The household survey questionnaires identified the general condition of family in the

target area related to water and sanitation include the willingness to pay for water supply. This

information provides the backdrop to one of the fundamental tasks assigned in the Terms of

Reference of the Community and Sanitation specialist. In this mission aim to expand and refine

this information by developing a more comprehensive understanding of household identificationand the behavior of household participants in water supply and sanitation. This is expected to

provide a basis, together with other parallel efforts such as those to strengthen local community,

for recommending project interventions to improve local community's ownership on safe water

use and environmental development. Potential project interventions would include promotes

pro-poor urban water governance, urban water conservation and demand management, integrated

urban environmental sanitation and income generation for the urban poor through community

based water and sanitation services.

2. ObjectiveThe principal objectives of community and sanitation specialist are:

- Conducting a rapid town assessment to determine the status of water and sanitation and

the prevailing urban planning and investment capacities to address those;

- Undertaking an assessment of demand for improved water supply and sanitation through

willingness to pay and affordability surveys;

- Establishing community based financing mechanisms and tariff policies for sustainable

access for the poor to improved water supply and sanitation;

- Extending a community based master plan for solid waste management system and

demonstration of solutions at the community level;

- Implementing a water sanitation and hygiene awareness component based on the

principles of Human Values Based Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Education and;

Demonstrating approaches for improved Water Conservation and Demand Management.


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3. MethodologyThe rapid assessment was undertaken using intensive analysis of existing relevant socio-

economic condition of each target commune and a combination of qualitative and quantitative

research methods. The counterpart personnel from Kampot Water Supply of the Ministry of

Industry, Mines and Energy were also actively joining with the consultant and Project Working

Group. The study was conducted in two steps:

Step-1: Reviewing Previous Socio-Economic Condition

Previous socio-economic condition report were reviewed and evaluated as to their

sufficiency and suitability for development of commune socio-economic profile. The section

below summary the general characteristics of several major large-scale surveys reviewed by the

consultant in the preparation of this report. A complete list of the references is given in the

appendix of this report. It is important to bear in mind that these surveys have different

characteristics, and scale of information, as they focused on different groups of people in the

country and were designed to fulfill different purposes.

Community Profile System of Cambodian National Statistic 2008: The Census of 2008

provides the first aggregate numbers on the demographics of the present day Cambodia. This

database serves as a useful tool especially for better understanding the structure of the national

labor force. Useful information at village level on age, sex, relationship, marital status, literacy

and education and housing amenities are obtainable from the Census CD ROM.

Seila Village Databases: Seila Commune Inventory and Village Level Database was

developed for some provinces under the SEILA programs. The database consists of a tool forpoverty ranking computation taking into account several parameters of livelihood indicators and

based on agreed formula developed by the Ministry of Planning in cooperation with UNDP. The

database provides village statistics on housing characteristics, education, health, water and

sanitation, transportation & communication, Agricultural resources, crop production, livestock

and fish farming, local enterprises and employment, housing assets, and community based

organizations.

The Commune condition for year 2009: These documents provide the information on

local management and development for nine communes in Kampot downtown. These documentwere prepared based on commune database (CDB6) to develop planning and investment of the

commune.

Step-2: Area Specific Data collection and Surveys

Additional field research was conducted to support the analysis of the existing data and

previous surveys. An area-specific data was collected on general condition of household, poverty

classification, type of resident, income and expenditure, sources of water usage, health and


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sanitation, and affordability to pay for water connection etc. of the targeted village to support the

analysis and evaluation key issues of community development and indicators of project benefits

and outcomes. The survey was complementary to the review of the previous surveys in step-1and

to provide the project with sound understanding of the project areas. A combination of

qualitative and quantitative research methods was used in the assessment.

a)- Qualitative Methodology:The qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews and mixed group

discussions with key informants and stakeholders. The evaluation was made also through field

inspections by consultant and interviewing with local people at different geographical location in

the target commune. The assessment was centralized to the following main items:

- General environmental condition

- Sanitation and Health condition

- Water supply system

- Waste management include solid disposal and waste water- General local perception on health and sanitation

- Local perception on poverty and vulnerability

- Roles and commitments of Local Government Units in sanitation development

- Household relationship

- Community resources and development key problems

For an analytical purpose, communities in each commune were then classified according

to its geographical location and household characteristics. An aerial photo of 1:25 000 scales was

also used to help visualization of spatial distribution of household characteristics and make a

poverty map. This poverty map is necessary for classify the household and to decide the supply

of water system. The interviewees include

- District governor

- Commune chief and commune council

- Local government Units

- Staff/Chairman of Community Committees

- OI and NGO Representatives

b)- Quantitative Survey:

The household survey was used in the quantitative study. These household has selected

based on the location of water supply extension. An aerial photo and town maps were used to

identify the target village that will provide the water supply extension.


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The survey contains 4

sections related household

characteristics, occupations,

income and expenditures, sources

of water usage that contained the

information about safe water

service and information about

water system connection fee and

the options related to

affordability to pay for water

connection fee, health and

sanitation, (see Annex I ). The entire household in the selected village will be interview.

Table 1.1 provides a description on the survey coverage, sample and census statistics for

the target commune composing the present report. As the water supply extension cover 2 villages

in Kampong Kraeng, 2 villages in Kampong Bay commune and 2 villages in Traeuy Kaoh

Commune, the sample used to survey was conducted all the household that have not access to

Kampot water supply system.

Table 1: Results of the household interviews for water supply

Kampong

KraengCommune

Kampong Bay

Commune

Traeuy Kaoh

Commune

Census Households 1270 1159 986

Total No. Villages 5 2 4

Total No. Villages interviewed 2 2 2

Survey Result

Total beneficiaries Households 390 445 405

Sample Household Interviewed 205 296 325

Household Response Rate 52.5% 66.51% 80.2%


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District Boundary

Commune Boundary

Study Area

0 1 2 3 Km

LEGENDN

EW

S

AREA COVERED BY WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROJECT

4. Location and Target AreaThe Extension of Water Supply and Sanitation, and Monitoring Achievements towards

Reaching the MDGs in Kampot Town project covers nine communes where six communes i.e.

Kampong Bay, Traeuy Kaoh, Kampong Kandal, Andoung Khmaer, Krang Ampil and Trapaeng

Thum belong to Kampot Municipality and three communes i.e. Kampong Kraeng, Maekprang

and Chum Kriel belong to Toek Chhu district.

The project comprises of two main parts water supply extension and sanitation. The

water supply extension covers only three communes where Kampong Bay and Traeuy Kaoh

commune belong to Kampot Municipality and Kampong Kreang commune belong to Toek

Chhue district. The sanitation covers nine communes. During the kick off meeting with Kampot

Water Supply Authority (KWSA), Department of Potable Water Supply, MIME and the

representatives of UN-HABITAT, we agreed that the study area covers only some parts of the

nine communes closed to the existing and proposed extension water supply pipe lines. Figure 1

shows the study area.


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5. Socio-Economic ContextThere are nine communes/sangkat of the target area located in Kampot down town. These

communes are identified as the urban and peri-urban area. Prevailing socio-economic conditions

within that communes/sangkat are described briefly below.

5.1. PopulationKampot is

located in Southern

Cambodia on the

coast of the Gulf of

Thailand. It borders

Kampong Speu to

the North, Takeo

and Vietnam to the

East, the Gulf of

Thailand to the

South and

Sihanoukville and

Koh Kong to the

West. The area of the province is 4873 square kilometers (MAFF www.maff.gov.kh). The

topography of the province is variable, from the coastal region on the southern border, to

extensive lowland paddy fields and areas of lowland/ upland mosaic to the east and lowland/

upland mosaic and upland forested areas to the west. Kampot is classified as a rural province.

The total number of households in Kampot in 2008 was 130 thousand within total

population amount 585, 850 that giving an average household size of 4.5 persons (CPS 2008).

The people of Kampot live in 8 districts composed of 92 communes and 482 villages (CDB

2004). The population density of the province is 120 persons/km 2 compared to an average

population density for Cambodia of 75 persons/km 2. The majority of the population is Khmer

around 90% and the other is Islamic.

According to the objective of the project nine communes were selected to implement the

water supply and sanitation. These nine communes consists of 31 villages within 9,961

households of the total population amount 53,176 persons which 27,561 are women.


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Table 2: List of beneficiary commune from water supply and sanitation

Commune Village Female Male Total Households Persons/HHChum Kriel Trapeang Thum 760 721 1481 226 6.55Chum Kriel Chum Kriel 905 773 1678 330 5.08Chum Kriel Samraong 484 434 918 174 5.28Chum Kriel Kampong Kandal 680 568 1248 229 5.45Kampong Kraeng Makprang 924 873 1797 396 4.54Kampong Kraeng Andoung Chi Meun 868 887 1755 346 5.07Kampong Kraeng Prey Tnaot 482 445 927 142 6.53Kampong Kraeng Kampong Kraeng 609 612 1221 248 4.92Kampong Kraeng kampongkrong 403 360 763 165 4.62Meakprang Snam Prampir 1479 1546 3025 541 5.59Meakprang Bat Kbal damrei 272 275 547 95 5.76Meakprang Mortpeam 618 654 1272 234 5.44Trapeang Thum Trapeang Chrey 310 351 661 118 5.60Trapeang Thum Krang 270 304 574 112 5.13Trapeang Thum Trapeang Thum 276 244 520 141 3.69Trapeang Thum Svay Thum 332 298 630 137 4.60Kampong Kandal Sovann Sakor 2203 1933 4136 803 5.15Kampong Kandal Phum Muoy Ousaphie 1992 1716 3708 672 5.52Krang Ampil Krang 1431 1341 2772 515 5.38Krang Ampil Svay Thum 1127 829 1956 324 6.04Kampong Bay Kampong Bay Khang Cheung 2033 1874 3907 680 5.75Kampong Bay Kampong Bay Khang Tboung 1300 1139 2439 479 5.09Andoung Khmaer Tvi Khang cheung 1310 1124 2434 415 5.87Andoung Khmaer Tvi Khang tboung 1508 1334 2842 527 5.39Andoung Khmaer Ou Touch 1065 1060 2125 391 5.43Andoung Khmaer Andoung Khmaer 479 639 1118 257 4.35Andoung Khmaer Ta Deb 678 664 1342 278 4.83Traeuy Kaoh Doun Taok 607 547 1154 233 4.95Traeuy Kaoh Ta Angk 498 475 973 172 5.66Traeuy Kaoh Boeng Ta Pream 921 917 1838 322 5.71

Traeuy Kaoh Srae 737 678 1415 259 5.46

5.1.1 Beneficiaries Village from water supply extension

Kampong Kraeng Commune

The population in the commune is amount 1,325 families in 2008 that consist 6,424

persons. Among those families there are 390 families that will benefit from the water supply

extension.

Table 3 : Beneficiaries village from water supply extension in Kampong Kraeng Commune

District Commune Village Number of family

Toek Chhou Kampong Kraeng Prey Thnot 142

Toek Chhou Kampong Kraeng Kampong Kraeng 248

Total 390


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Sangkat Kampong Bay

The population in Sangkat Kampong Bay is amount 1,299 families within 6,376 persons

(Commune database 2008). In this commune already has water supply system in some part, so

there are still 445 families shall be benefited from the extension of water supply system.

Table 4: Beneficiaries village from water supply extension in Kampong Bay Commune Municipal Commune Village Number of family

Kampot Kampong Bay Kampongbay Cheung 680

Kampot Kampong Bay Kampongbay Tboung 479

Total 1,159

Sangkat Treuy Koah

The population in Sangkat Treuy Koah is about 1,236 families within 6,151 persons

(Commune database 2008). Based on the poverty mapping and master plan of water supplysystem, there are two villages that shall be benefited from the extension of water supply. Those

communes are Ta Ang and Daun Toak that consist 405 families.

Table 5: Beneficiaries village from water supply extension in Treuy Koah Commune

Municipal Commune Village Number of family

Kampot Traeuykoah Ta Ang 172

Kampot Traeuykoah Daun Toak 233

Total 405

5.1.2 Beneficiary villages from sanitation

There are nine commune within 23 villages will benefite from sanitation improvement.

These commune and villages show in the table bellow:


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Table 6: List of beneficiary village from sanitation

Commune Village Total

family

Number

interviewed family

Illegal

property

Poverty

Grade1Chum Kriel Trapeang Thum 226 27 0 6Chum Kriel Chum Kriel 330 22 0 1Chum Kriel Samraong 174 23 0 3Kampong Kraeng Prey Tnaot 142 26 0 6Kampong Kraeng Kampong Kraeng 248 29 5 22Meakprang Snam Prampir 541 50 1 21Trapeang Thum Trapeang Chrey 118 30 1 15Trapeang Thum Krang 112 9 0 4Trapeang Thum Trapeang Thum 141 13 6 6Trapeang Thum Svay Thum 137 16 0 10Kampong Kandal Sovann Sakor 803 29 4 23Krang Ampil Krang 515 22 0 19Krang Ampil Svay Thum 324 24 0 16Kampong Bay Kampong Bay Khang Cheung 680 29 0 17Kampong Bay Kampong Bay Khang Tboung 479 1 0 1Andoung Khmaer Tvi Khang cheung 415 10 0 6Andoung Khmaer Tvi Khang tboung 527 20 0 20Andoung Khmaer Ou Touch 391 16 6 7Andoung Khmaer Andoung Khmaer 257 10 0 3Andoung Khmaer Ta Deb 278 11 0 6

Traeuy Kaoh Doun Taok 233 61 1 2Traeuy Kaoh Ta Angk 172 38 0 10Traeuy Kaoh Srae 259 50 0 6


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5.2. EmploymentThe two sangkat are classified as the urban, Sangkat Treuy Koah and Kampong Bay and

the other one is Kampong Kraeng commune classified as rural area (Commune database 2004).

According to interview with commune/Sangkat Chief we can defined that as following:

Kampong Kraeng Commune:

About 76.89% of total

household in Kampong Kraeng are

engaged in agriculture sector

particularly rice cultivation

(74.81%),long time crop (0.69%)

and grow short time supplementary

such as vegetable corn potatoes,

cucumbers, watermelon and other

crop after the cultivated season

(0.23%) and fishing (1.16%) .

2.70% of household have their own

handicraft such as small handicraft of food processing, 7.70% of total household work in service

sector and about 12.71% of total household do other work. 4.39% of heads of households are

working as government officials but they usually are engaged in other activities after working

hour in order to complement the low salary. 3.16% of total household are employer in private

sector. Seasonal migration is a common phenomenon with around 2.07 % of total populationhave proper job in the out side hometown while 0.99% have no proper job out side the

hometown. The total rate of unemployment from the age of 18 to 60 is around 8.42% total

population.

Source: Commune database 2008

Main Occupation of householdin Kampong Kraeng Commune

76%

3% 8%

13%

AgricultureHandicraft

Service

Other Work


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Table 7: List of handicraft and services in Kampong Kraeng Commune

Type of business Number

Small rice mill 40

Motorbike and bicycle repairing shop 7

Furniture processing shop 1

Small business service (hair cut, massage, karaoke shop) 7Small Business (food shop, grocery shop..) 33

Guess house 1

Input battery 3

Sangkat Kampong Bay

Sankat Kampong

Bay is located in the

central of Kampot Town.

Most of household have

small business in the

market. About 4.37% of

total household in

Kampong Bay are

engaged in agriculture

sector particularly rice

cultivation (3.41%), long

time crop cultivation

(0.44%),fishing (0.09%),

Animal raising (0.17%), Non-timber forest product collection (0.26%). 1.57% of household have

their own handicraft such as small handicraft of food processing, 14.77% of labor force work in

service sector and about 79.28% occupy in other work such as trader, wholesaler or other

business. 38.11% of heads of households are working as government officials but they usually

are engaged in other activities after working hour in order to complement the low salary. 8.39%

of total household are employer in private sector. Seasonal migration is a common phenomenon

with around 1.90 % of total population having have proper job in the out side hometown while

0.27% have no proper job out side hometown. The total rate of unemployment from the age of

18 to 60 is around 0.95% of total population.


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Table 8: List of handicraft and services in Sangkat Kampong Bay

Type of business Number

Small rice mill 3

Large and medium rice mill 1


Electronic repairing shop 6

Wine processing shop 1


Handicraft 8

Small business service (hair cut, massage, karaoke shop) 49

Small Business (food shop, grocery shop,) 117

Market 1

Pharmacies 8

Clinic 4

Guess house 8

Restaurant 4

Gasoline station 2

Input battery 3

Main Occupation of householdin Sangkat Kampong Bay

4% 2%15%

79%

Agriculture

Handicraft

Service Other Work


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Sangkat Treuy Koah

About 65.90% of

total household in

Sangkat Treuy Koah are

engaged in agriculture

sector particularly ricecultivation (21.51%), long

time crop cultivated

(0.64%), fishing (43.19%)

and animal raising

(0.56%). Around 1.43 %

of household work in

service sector and 32.67%

occupy in other work

such as trader, wholesaler or other business. Around 3.43% of heads of households are working

as government officials but they usually are engaged in other activities after working hour in

order to complement the low salary. 3.98% of total household are employer in private sector.

Seasonal migration is a

common phenomenon

with around 2.62 % of

total population having

have proper job in the out

side hometown while

0.62% have no proper job

out side hometown.

There is no

unemployment in this

Sangkat.


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Table 9: List of handicraft and services in Sangkat Treuy KoahType of business Number

Small rice mill 10

Generator 2


Wine processing shop 2


Small business service (hair cut, massage, karaoke shop) 1

Small Business (food shop, grocery shop .) 2

Input battery 2

Makprang CommuneAbout 90% of total household are engaged in agriculture sector particularly rice

cultivation (12%), long time crop cultivated (64%) , short time crop 8% and around 4% live

depend on non forest product. Around 5 % of household work in service sector and 5% occupyin other work such as trader, wholesaler or other business.

Trapeang Thom Commune

About 62% of total families in this commune are engaged in agriculture sector and about

3% raising animal. The other family occupy in supplementary work such as wholesaler,

handicraft and palm sugar processing.

Main Occupation of Householdin Treuy Koah

66%

33%

0%1%

Agriculture

Handicraft

Service Other Work


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The lowest monthly income falls down to US$9 per month for very poor households,

while the highest household income can reach up to US$365 per month for rich households. This

pattern suggests a significant income inequality and a big gap between poor households and rich

households. There are about 83 percent of households having a monthly income reported lower

than the average monthly income of the surveyed households.

Monthly income distribution for households in Kampong Kraeng Commune(Project Survey 2009)

Household monthly expenditure

Regard to the expenditure, the survey reveal that the expenditure for each household

remain larger than income. Household satisfied to answer the expense than the income. The

average of household expenditure in Kampong Kreang is around 181USD per month.

In term of categories of total household expenditure, 26 percent of households fell into the low

expenditure category (total monthly expenditure less than US$100), 60 percent of households -

into medium expenditure category (total monthly expenditure in between US$100 and US$300),and, 14 percent - into the high expenditure category (total monthly expenditure more than

US$300).


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Table 10: Household distribution according to expenditure categoriesCategory Percent of householdsLow household expenditure(US$300 per month) 14

Sangkat Kampong Bay

Household monthly income

It is difficult to estimate the income in Sangkat Kampong Bay because most of household

didn't want to answer the income. Among 290 household were interviewed, only 28% of

household provided the answer on cash income.

Monthly income distribution for households in Sangkat Kampong Bay(Project Survey 2009)

The average cash income is around USD97 per month. The distribution of monthlyincome of households in Sangkat Kompong Bay indicates a great variation around the mean and

a big income difference between the very poor households (very low income) and very rich

households (very high income).The lowest monthly income falls down to US$7 per month for

very poor households, while the highest household income can reach up to US$293 per month

for rich households. There are about 65 percent of households having a monthly income reported

lower than the average monthly income of the surveyed households.


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Household monthly expenditure

The expenditure for each household in Sangkat Kampong Bay is larger than income.

Household satisfied to answer the expense than the income. The average of household

expenditure in Kampong Bay is around 173USD per month.

In term of categories of total household expenditure, 23 percent of households fell into the low

expenditure category (total monthly expenditure less than US$100), 62 percent of households -into medium expenditure category (total monthly expenditure in between US$100 and US$300),

and, 15 percent - into the high expenditure category (total monthly expenditure more than

US$300).

Table 11: Household distribution according to expenditure categoriesCategory Percent of householdsLow household expenditure(US$300 per month) 15

Sangkat Treuy Koah

Household monthly income

As Sangkat Kampong Bay, most of household don't want to answer on cash income.

Among 325 household were interviewed, only 29% of household provided the answer on cash

income. The average cash income is around USD88 per month. The distribution of monthly

income of households in Treuy Koah also indicates a great variation around the mean and a big

income difference between the very poor households (very low income) and very rich

households (very high income).The lowest monthly income falls down to US$5 per month for

very poor households, while the highest household income can reach up to US$1,263 per month

for rich households. There are about 66 percent of households having a monthly income reported

lower than the average monthly income of the surveyed households.


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relation between households would be easily motivated to do collective works rather than a

fractal community.

Apart from social structure and cultural inherit; the household relation is also dependent

on education level and living condition. There is notably observed a very good spatial sorting of

livelihood. In general, rich people or dignitaries tend to collectively settle themselves on themost favorable and expensive land, whereas businessmen, vendors and other middle class people

are housing in the center, closed to the markets or along the main roads or on the land of second

order. Low income or poor people occupy the remaining part, where the land is generally the

most unfavorable and hazardous. This situation is made that the poor are the most vulnerable and

affected targets.

The town can be divided into

2 big zones according to its

household characteristics and living

condition: urban and peri-urban. In

the urban area, (like other typical

cities, e.g. Phnom Penh) people are

living in the apartment or flats

readily equipped with sewerage

systems and sanitation facilities. This

is the highest population density area

like Sangkat Kampong Bay. The urban population is predominant by the middle class

households with moderately high income and a generally high education level. Because of its

location is central to all business activities, the urban population have always easier access to all

kind of public services.

Although urban people get used

with integrated society, the household

relation is the most complicated. In

some cases, people even do not know

who is living next to their door.

Commune authority seems to have

played very important role in

coordinating resettlement of common


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problems or conflicts between households. However, in some of the cases, the resettlement goes

through a private negotiation among households.

There is a good advantage in the urban society that the sewerage system and sanitation facilities

are in general well integrated and pre-defined by the competent authorities before the house

construction starts. This means that a newly house builder is obligated to integrate its sanitationfacility into the existing framework. This could also imply that integrated sanitation system is a

must for each urban household.

Contrary to the urban zone, in

peri-urban area, each household has a

piece of land or land plot with and

average front size ranging from 10 to

30 meters. Some part of Sangkat

Treuy Koh and Kompong Kraeng

Commune are identified as peri-urban.

Depending on its location comparing

to the main roads, the household

characteristics are different. Two distinctive sub-zones can be described here: the outer sub-zone

and the inner sub-zone. The rich and middle class households in general occupy the outer sub-

zones. The poor households and in most of the cases with low education level, encircled by rich

and middle class households are in general located in the inner sub-zone in low poorly drained

flood plain. This inner sub-zone is characterized by scattered household settlement without well

integrated roads, sewerage and sanitation facilities. The outer sub-zone, although located along

the main roads, the lack of integrated sewerage is also common. There is no interconnected

sanitation system between households. Each household has developed its own independent

sanitation facility, including in most of the cases water supply (using digging well) within the

perimeter of its land property.

In this peri-urban area, the traditional household relation and rural community structure

remain unbroken by economic activities. Household in general knows their neighboring quite

well, and the good relationship goes even as far as 1-2 km away from home. However, this

relationship seems to have been broken between the inner and outer sub-zones. The social

unconformity between the two sub-zones was also reported in some locations. Although, both

sub-zones share common sanitation problems, i.e., lack of integrated system, the outer sub-zone


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seems to be less affected thank to its location at relatively higher ground level. The cross subsidy

is very unlikely to be practical between these two sub-zones.

5.5. Poverty Spatial DistributionThe poverty and vulnerability analysis is a primary step in all efforts to assist the poor

communities. Since the main target of the Kampot downtown water supply extension project

focus on the poor communities, the identification and understand of spatial distribution

characteristics of these communities in the context of the targeted commune/sangkat is essential.

It is beyond the scope of this report to do a complete analysis of different poverty dimensions

and its linkages. The section below is attempting only to identify and locate the poor

communities which should have benefits from the current project.

The definition of the

poor is essential at this stage. A

thorough discussion was also

made with all stakeholders in

order to find out a common

sense of poverty definition, and

gather all local perception

about the poverty. In order to

be open to the information the

fieldwork would provide, therewas no attempt to predefine a

working definition. However,

all agreed that the identification of the poor has to do with disposable assets and income - not

having enough food or shelter and not being able to pay for ordinary expenses such as those

related to health, sanitation and education. More over, to assess the poverty will require also

choice of livelihood indicators. The basic problem is that very few of the data available to the

present study can be regarded as direct, reliable measures of poverty, in the sense of numbers

and poorness of families living below the poverty line. The indicators chosen for this study aremainly related to physical assets owned by households who are relatively not poor. Therefore,

the basic assumption made is that the communities which have the smallest proportion of

families able to afford assets such as concrete or brick house, vehicles, televisions, etc. are also

communities which have the largest number of families who are poor.


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5.5.1 Poverty MappingDuring the kick off meeting with Kampot provincial Governor, the local authorities

including Deputy provincial Governor, district governors and some commune council have

mentioned that they already conducted poor household identification based on 16 criteria which

are defined by Ministry of Planning. The 16 criteria are listed below:

1. This house belongs to you or you rent it from other person.2. Material used to make roof of the house (interviewer examines and fill up, do not

ask)

3. Material used to make the wall of the house (interviewer examines and fill up, do not

ask)

4. General condition of the house (interviewer examines and fill up, do not ask)

5. What is the size of your house? (interviewer asks and examines)

6. Household income

6a. What is your major income among the income activities: rice cultivation, vegetableplanting or crop planting, and other activities?

6b. How much area of rice cultivation, vegetable planting or crop planting land? (include

your own land, rented land and land surround the premise)

6.c What kind of fishing tools do you have?

6.d What are your major income activities?

7. Livestock raising activities

7a. Do you raise pig, goat, cow, buffalo, horse? If yes, how many are they? How many of

them do you exchange raising 1 with other people? (for people who live on land)

7b. Do you raise pig? If yes, how many are they? How many of them do you exchange

raising 2 with other people? (for people who live on water)

8. Within the last 12 months do you owe someone's rice? If yes, how many month?

9. Household members

9a. How many member does your family have?

9b. How many member of your family that do not have income?

10. How much property do you have? List down

11. How many transportation means do you have? List down

1 The exchange raising in here means a person look after live stock (for example a cow) for a someone and whenthat cow gives the first birth then the first baby cow will long to the person who look after the cow, when the cowgives second birth and then the second baby cow will belong to the cow owner.2 The exchange raising in here means a person look after live stock (for example a cow) for a someone and whenthat cow gives the first birth then the first baby cow will long to the person who look after the cow, when the cowgives second birth and then the second baby cow will belong to the cow owner.


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12. Within the last 12 months is there any even happen that make you lose income, face

food shortage, sold your properties, or borrow money from other people?

13. Your members

13a. How many person in your family are 6 years old to 11 years old?

13b. How many of them do not go to school?

13c. What reasons that cause those children do not go to school?14. Special condition that causes their livelihood goes down?

15. Special condition that causes their livelihood goes up?

15a. Within the last 12 months do you receive any support from your children or your

relations?

15b. Within the last 12 months, what even that improves your family's livelihood?

16. The interviewer should check, is there any doubtful answer?

Poor households were

classified into two classes: i.e.

poor category 1 and poor

category 2. The poor

classification were based on

the score ranges of the

questionnaire like score range

from 59 to 68 is poor category

1 and score range from 45 to

58 is poor category 2. Poor

category 1 is the poorest

household; this category is

poorer than poor category 2.

The local authorities proposed this project should not conduct any poor assessment. It was

proposed to use the result of poor assessment of their survey that mean it is better to focus on

poor category 1 and poor category 2 that are in their list of poor households.

Based on their proposal, the kick out meeting has decided to use poor category 1 and poor

category 2 for poverty mapping in this project coverage. According to the field survey the

location of poor category 1 and poor category 2 for poverty mapping.


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5.5.2 Result of poverty mappingAccording to the survey and waypoints of poor household category 1 and 2 collected

from field, we have observed that:

The condition of poor household category 1- there are four types of poor household

category 1 i.e. 1- poor households have not land live on illegal land like road side, river side or

public land; 2- poor households have no land but live on other people's land to look after land orfarm of other people; 3- poor households have no land but live with their relation like son or

daughter live with their parents or their auntie or their uncle or the parents live with their son or

daughter etc.; 4- poor households have their own house and land. In general poor households in

type 4 live quite far from the main road and scatter, only foot path they use to reach their houses.

The condition of poor household category 2- most of them have their own house and

land. Most of their house located not less than 100 meter far from the main road or water supply

network.

Based on the distribution of those poor households category 1 and 2, we can see that it isquit difficult for the project to help those poor people in potable water supply because most of

them located far from the water supply system.

The result of poverty list for each village will be attached with the ANNEX-II.

6. Gender IssueWomen play an important

role in the family such as prepare

food for families, take care of the

children, management of family

financial resource. In Cambodia

society women is more responsible

in the family than men especially

for housework including cleaning

the house, fetching and boiling

water, cooking and washing. In

additional some women also work

outside house to earn the cash income such as running the small business like weaving, sale

agriculture product, food, ect.at the local market in order to generate substantial cash income

of the family. The majority of sellers in Sangkat Kampong Bay are women. Some women in

Sangkat Treuy Koah and Kampong Kraeng commune have their small business in Kampot town

market. Women will benefit from the extension of Kampot Water Supply Project as they are


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responsible for fetching water for cooking and washing. In term of sanitation, women are more

venerable than men because women face the problem of the lack of latrine. So, the availability of

appropriate latrines is most required for the dignity of the women.

7. DwellingThe residence in Kampot down town has divided in six category such as cottage, zinc,

wooden brick, flat and village. People live in the flat in the urban with more density that in the

peri-urban that people live in big land within the house that made of zinc, wooden, brick.

However, poor people live in cottage that build of bamboo/wood, with the roof cover by palm or

coconut leaves while the rich live in the village or dwelling build of brick or luxury wood. The

table bellows are described the type of resident in each commune and target village:

Kampong Kraeng Commun

Kampong Kraeng Commune defined as peri-urban. About 49.31 percent of dwelling has the

roof that builds from zinc or fibro, 35.58 percent build from palm, coconut or grass leaves, 13

percent is roofing tile. There are five families live in the public land in this commune

Table 13: Number of residence classified by roof in target village (Commune data 2008)

Type of residence Total in

Commune

Prey Thnot

Village

Kampong

Kraeng Village

Roof build of palm/coconut/grass leaves 438 20 28

Roof build of Zinc/Fibro 607 60 184

Roofing tile 160 13 37

Flat with many household 1 1 0

Flat 17 15 1

Village 8 5 3


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Type of residence in Kampong Kraeng & Prey Thnot Village (Project survey 2009)

Sangkat Kampong Bay

Sangkat Kampong Baydefined as the urban area. About

41.20 percent of total dwelling are

flat while 18.28 percent are flat

within many families, 35.54

percent have dwelling build from

zinc or fibro, 2.75 percent of

roofing tile dwelling and 1.29

percent of dwelling that have theroof build from palm/coconut or

grass leaves.

Table 14: Number of residence classified by roof in target village (2008)


Commune

Kampong Bay

Cheung Village

Kampong Bay

Tboung Village

Roof build from palm/coconut/grass

leaves

15 15 0

Roof build from Zinc/Fibro 414 339 75

Roofing tile 32 24 8

Flat with many household 213 57 156

Flat 480 240 240

Village 11 3 8


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Type of residence in Kampong Bay Tboung & Prey Kampong Bay Cheung Village

(Project survey 2009)

Sangkat Treuy Koah

Some part of Sangkat Treuy

koah defined as urban and some part

still in the peri-urban area. Around

74.95 percent have the dwelling that

have roof build from zinc or fibro,

16.90 percent of dwelling are

palm/coconut/grass roof, 5.70 percent

are roofing tile and 2.34 percent are

flat. According to the information

from Sankat authority 156 families

live in public land in 2008.

Table 15: Number of residence classified by roof in target village (2008)


Commune

Daun Toak

Village

Ta Ang Village

Roof build from palm/coconut/grassleaves

166 0 6

Roof build from Zinc/Fibro 736 262 159

Roofing tile 56 7 6

Flat 23 0 7

Village 1 0 0


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Type of residence in Daun Toak & Ta Angk Village (Project survey 2009)

Krang Ampil commune

This commune defined as peri-urban that 60% of total dwelling have roof made of zinc or

fibro, 2.58% have roof made of grass or palm/coconut leaf, 7.24% are tile roof, 26% are flat,

3.44% are flat with many families in and 0.74% are villages.

Andoung Khmaer commune:

This commune defined as peri-urban that 83.26% of total dwelling have roof made of zinc or

fibro, 7.95% are tile roof, 6.56% have roof made of grass or palm/coconut leaf,1.5% are flat,

0.21 % are flat with many families in and 0.52% are villages.

Chumkriel commune :

Chumkriel commune is defined as peri-urban. Around 88.84% of total dwelling have roof

made of zinc or fibro, 5.99 % are tile roof, 1.86% have roof made of grass/leaf, 3.1% are flat and

0.21% are flat with many families in.

Kampong Kandal commune

This commune defined as urban area. About 56.66% of total dwelling have roof made of

zinc or fibro, 29.57% are flat, 7.49% are tile roof, 4.25% are flat with many families in and

2.03% are villages.

Trapeang Thom commune

Trapeang Thom is defined as peri-urban area. About 72.53% of dwelling have roof made of

zinc or fibro, 8.90% are tile roof, 3.29% are grass or leaf roof, 13.54% are flat, 1.35% are flat

with many families in and 0.39% are villages.

Makprang Commune


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Makprang commune is defined as peri-urban. About 50% of dwelling have roof made of zinc

or fibro, 44% are grass or leaf roof, 3% are tile roof, 3% are flat.

8. Present Situation of Water Supply in Kampot

DowntownPeople live surround Kampot town have used water from many sources like: Rain water,

Surface water like stream and pond, Open well and pumping well, Water venders, Water supply

systems.

In general, we can see that people live in peri-urban areas use rain water during rainy

season and surface water like stream, dug ponds, open wells and pumped wells in dry season.

People live in these areas face critical problems of water shortage in dry season every year. Some

of those remote areas have access roads; they can buy water from water venders. In urban area,

people have accessed to potable water system of Kampot Water Supply (KWS).

8.1 Health and SanitationThe type of water and sanitation facilities is important determinants of the health status of

household members and particularly of children. Proper hygienic and sanitation practices can

reduce exposure to and the seriousness of major childhood diseases such as diarrhea.

According to the commune status report show that in Kampong Kraeng commune 31.05 percent

are using pipe water. Among those households, 53.6 percent use water line of the private

company that connected from the main pipe of Kampot Water Supply and sell water to

household around 10,000 Riel per cubic meter and other 3.41 percent use water from neighbor

household. However, 12.87 percent use pump well water, 41.06 have dug well in their dwelling

or plot, 9.09 percent use water from pond, 2.54 percent have the rain stored in their dwelling and

3.39 percent use surface water from rivers, streams or lakes but the water quality is so bad. There

is no waste collection in this commune so people bury the rubbish in their own land. About 86%

of total household have no latrine. The problem is no sewage system.


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However, in dry season household drink pipe water around 33.59 percent. Only 4.62

percent have their own safe water instrument to process the safe water and 49.31 percent drink

boiled water. Household were also asked for the time taken to fetch water. 46.07 percent fetchthe water less than 150 meters from home and 29.58 percent go to fetch water more than 150

meters.

Related to water supply in Sangkat Kampong Bay, there is 93.01 percent use water line

from Kampot water supply. Among those, there is 70.89 percent connected from private

company, 6.57 percent use water from neighbor household. There is only 6.99 percent use source

water from pond. 93.18 percent fetch water less than 150 meters from home.

There is 5.68 percent have their own water instrument to process the safe water and 36.98

percent drink boiled water. There is a company that provides service for solid waste collection

Source of Water in Sangkat Kampong Bay

93%

7%

Pipe Water

Pond

Source of Water in Kampong Kraeng Commune

31%

13%41%

9%3% 3%

Pipe Water

Pump well

Dug well

Pond River, stream, lake

Rain stored


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but the service is not good because of the delay and not clear about the collection schedule. This

commune is often flood in the raining season. About 13.72 percent have no latrine.

Some part of Sangkat Treuy Koah is defined as Peri-urban area. The water supply system

is limited in this Sangkat. There have water supply system for the household along the big road.

This water supply system manages by community that support by CWCC. Around 92.35 usepipe water that 70.46 percent connected from private company with price of water is quite high

4,000 Riel per cubic meter.

About 73.32 percent fetch water more than 150 meter far away from home. 45.02 percent

boiled water for drinking and 0.40 percent have the safe water instrument to produce safe

drinking water. There is no waste collection and sewage system in this commune. People burn

the rubbish in their own land. The sanitation and environment sector not yet establish. About

91.47% of total household have no latrine.

8.2 Water Sources used in the target area covered by the pipe byKampot Wtare SupplyAt present, the service coverage of KWS

covers Kampot Municipalities and some parts of

Teuk Chhou district. For Kampot Municipality,the service cover 5 communes where Kampong

Kandal covers 70.04%, Kampong Bay covers

63.68%, Krang Ampil covers 51.53%, Andoung

Khmer covers 29.91% and Traeuy Kaoh 0.78%.

For Teuk Chhu district, the service cover 4

communes where Chum Kriel commune covers 2%, Trapaeng Thum commune covers 7.26%,

Source of Water in sangkat Treuy Koah

93%

3%

1%

3%0%

Pipe Water

Dug well

Pond

River, stream, lake

Rain stored


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70.0463.68

51.53

29.91

0.78

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

%

Kampong Kandal Kampong Bay Krang Ampil Andoung Khmer Traey Koah

Water Supply Service in Kampot Municipility

Kampong Kraeng commune covers 0.77% and Keakprang commune cover 12.46%. Detail of

household connection is shown in table 15 below:

Table 16: Percentage of connection in Kampot Municipality

Kampot Municipality Household Population Connection Percentage

1. Sangkat Kampong Kandal 1452 7746 1017 70.04

a- Sovann Sakor Village 794 4113 441 55.54b- Muoy Ousaphie Village 658 3633 576 87.54

2. Sangkat Kampong Bay 1148 6056 731 63.68

a- Kampong Bay Cheung Village 678 3604 380 56.05

b- Kampong Bay Tboung Village 470 2452 351 74.68

3- Sangkat Krang Ampil 914 4735 471 51.53

a- Svay Thum Village 358 1903 160 44.69

b- Krang Village 556 2832 311 55.94

4- Sangkat Andoung Khmaer 1926 10003 576 29.91

a- Tvi Khang Tboung Village 572 3037 281 49.13

b- Tvi Khang Cheung Village 430 2380 206 47.91

c- Andoung Khmaer Village 262 1244 16 6.11

d- Ou Touch Village 374 1915 73 19.52

e- Ta Deb Village 288 1427 0 0.00

5- Sangkat Traeuy Koah 1151 5674 9 0.78

a- Ta Angk Village 171 997 9 5.26

b- Doun Taok Village 295 1317 0 0.00

c- Srae Village 318 1415 0 0.00

d- Buoeng Tapream Village 367 1945 0 0.00

Total Connection in Kampot Municipality 6591 34214 2804 42.54


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Table 17: Percentage of connection in Teuk Chhu District

Teuk Chhu District Household Population Connection Percentage

1. Chum Kriel Commune 983 5212 20 2.03

a- Chum Kriel Village 335 1710 1 0.30

b- Trapeang Thum Village 234 1194 0 0.00

c- Samraong Village 177 922 18 10.17

d- Kampong Kandal Village 237 1386 1 0.42

2. Trapeang Thum Commune 537 2739 39 7.26

a- Trapeang Thum Village 148 764 38 25.68

b- Svay Thum Village 145 665 1 0.69

c- Krang Village 118 605 0 0.00

d- Trapeang Chrey Village 126 705 0 0.00

3. Kampong Kraeng Commune 390 2630 3 0.77

a- Kampong Kraeng Village 248 1564 3 1.21

b- Prey Tnaot Village 142 1066 0 0.00

4. Meakprang Village Commune 626 3130 78 12.46

a- Snam Prampir Village 626 3130 78 12.46

Total Connection in Teuk Chhu District 2536 13711 140 6.62

8.3 Water sources used in the target areaThe survey result indicated that in Kampong Kraeng Commune 31.05 percent are using

pipe water. Among those households, 53.6 percent use water line of the private company that

2.03

7.26

0.77

12.46

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

%

Chum Kriel Trapeang Thum Kampong Kraeng Meak Prang

Water Supply Service in Toeuk Chhu District


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connected from the main pipe of

Kampot Water Supply and sell

water to household around 10,000

Riel per cubic meter and other

3.41 percent use water from

neighbor household. However,12.87 percent use borehole water,

41.06 have dug well in their

dwelling or plot, 9.09 percent use

water from pond, 2.54 percent

have the rain stored in their dwelling and 3.39 percent use surface water from rivers, streams or

lakes but the water quality is so bad.

Related to water supply in Kampong Bay, there is 93.01 percent use water line from

Kampot water supply. Among those, there is 70.89 percent connected from private company,

6.57 percent use water from neighbor

household. The ordinary price is

around 1,400 Riel per cubic meter but

for household that connected from the

private company have to pay 4,000

Riel per cubic meter to private

company.

The water supply system is limited in Sangkat Treuy Koah. There have water supply

system for the household along the big

road. This water supply system manages

by community that support by CWCC.

Around 92.35 use pipe water that 70.46

percent connected from private company

with price of water is quite high 4,000

Riel per cubic meter.

In general poor households are

more likely to be affected by the high

cost of water due to the fact that they


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don't have access to public pipe line or are not affordable for the connection.

8.3.1 Sources Water for drinkingThe socio-economic survey indicates that the main sources of drinking water in the target

commune/sangkat are mostly cover by pipe water in both dry and raining season. During the dry

season household buy water with the high price around 4,000Riel per cubic meter.

Table 18: Sources of water use for drinking in dry season

Water SourcesCommune Total HH Survey

HH Pipe Pump well Dug well pond Lake/river Rain

Kg. Kraeng 390 52.5% 75.60% 0.48% 5.85% 11.25% 6.82%

Kg. Bay 445 47.9% 96.96% 0.34% 2.36% 0.34%

Treuy Koah 405 80.2% 83.69% 0.30% 2.15% 10.46% 3.40%

Table 19: Sources of water use for drinking in raining season

Water SourcesCommune Total HH Survey

HH Pipe Pump well Dug well pond Lake/river Rain

Kg. Kraeng 390 52.5% 49.26% 3.43% 1.95% 45.36%

Kg. Bay 445 47.9% 84.12% 1.69% 14.19%

Treuy Koah 405 80.2% 69.55% 0.92% 7.69% 21.84%

But the percentage of household use pipe water for drinking was felled down during the

raining season because people stored rain water to use instead of pipe water.

In Kampong Kraeng Commune, the sources of drinking water is 75.60 percent used pipe

water in dry season and it decreased to 49.26 percent in raining season when the use of rain

water up to 45.36 percent in raining season. The chart below shows the comparison of source of

drinking water that household use in dry and raining season.

Sources of drinking water in Kampong Kraeng

0.485.85

11.256.82

1.95

45.36

75.6

3.43

49.26

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Pipe Pump w e ll Dug w e ll Lake/r iv er Rain

%

Dry season

Rainning Season


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In Kampong Bay, the percentage of househol use pipe water for drinking in dry season is around

97% and it decreased to 84% in raining season.

In Sangkat Treuy Koah about 83.69 percent of household used pipe water in dry season and it

remains 69.55 percent of household use pipe water in raining season.

8.3.2 Source of water for cooking

According to the survey indicated that the sources of water for cooking in each target

area are not much difference from the sources of water used for drinking. The majority people

prefer to use pipe water for cooking in dry season but they save the money by using rain water in

Sources of drinking water in Treuy Koah

0.3 3.4

21.84

83.69

2.1510.46

69.55

0.927.69

0102030405060708090

P i p e

P u m p

w e l l

D u g w

e l l

L a k e

/ r i v e r R a

i n

%

Dry season

Rainning Season

Sources of drinking w ater in Kampong Bay

0.000.00 0.000.34 0.342.36

96.96

14.19

1.69

84.12

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Pipe Pump w ell Dug w ell Lake/river Rain

Dry season

Rainning Season


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stead of pipe water in raining season. The chart bellow shows the comparison of sources water

for cooking in dry and raining season by each target commune/sangkat.

Sources of water for cooking in Treuy Koah

0.3

22.46

0.94

14.15

2.46

82.15

10.760.94

65.84

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Pipe Pump well Dug well Lake/river Rain

%

Dry season

Rainning Season

Sources of water for cooking in Kampong Kraeng

0.48

11.253.9

49.26

75.6

5.85 6.823.43

43.41

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

7080


%

Dry season

Rainning Season

Sources of water for cooking in Kampong Bay

96.28

0.00 3.040.00

15.88

0.340.34 1.690.00

82.43

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

P i p e

P u m p

w e l l

D u g w

e l l

L a k e

/ r i v e r R a

i n

%

Dry season

Rainning Season


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8.3.3. Sources of water for bathingThe survey also indicates that the majority of people use pipe water for bathing in dry

season. However, they use rain water instead of pipe water in the raining season. The chart

bellow show the comparison of the sources water for bathing

Sources of w ater for bathing in Kampong Kraeng

10.75

20.97

4.9

54.14

65.36

1.950.97

28.29

11.7

0.97

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70


%

Dry season

Rainning Season

Sources of w ater for bathing in Treuy Koah

80.3

0.3 3.7

15.4

0.3

41.53

1.84

13.25

43.38

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90


%

Dry season

Rainning Season

Sources of w ater for bathing in Kampong Bay

0.00 4.05 0.680.00

39.53

94.93

0.34 2.360.34

57.77

01020

30405060708090

100


Dry season

Rainning Season


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42

8.3.4 Sources of water for washingThe sources of water for washing are not difference from the sources water for bathing in

each target area. The percentage of the household that used pipe water is high in dry season but it

is felled down in the raining season because they use rain water instead pipe water. The chart

bellow show the difference of sources water for washing between dry and raining season.

Sources of wa ter for w ashing in Kampong Kraeng

11.7

22.95

4.9

5762.92

0.97 1.46

22.45

1

14.65

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70


%

Dry season

Rainning Season

Sources of water for washing in Treuy Koah

79

0.35 3.38

44.61

0.35

16.92 15.38

1.55

38.46

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Pipe Pump well Dug w ell Lake/river Rain

%

Dry season

Rainning Season

Sources of water for washing in Kampong Bay

94.93

0.00 0.34 0.680.00

42.91

4.05

53.72

3.040.340

102030405060708090

100


Dry season

Rainning Season


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9. Willingness to pay for water connection feeAccording the socio-economic survey show the reason why household do not uses the

pipe water as the following chart:

Related to the question if family want to connect the water from Kampot water supply or

not, about 94 percent of household in Kampong Kraeng want to connect, 95 percent of

household in Kampong Bay provide positive idea on the water connection and 95 percent of

household in Treuy Koah also want to connect from Kampot water supply. The majority of the

household about 94 percent in all the target area agree on the price of the water 1,400 riel per

cubic meter. The chat below show the percentage of household agree/disagree on the current

water price (1,400 Riel/cubic meter)

The percentage of household agree/disagree on the price 1,400 riel per cubic meter

5 23 33 4

94 94 94

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Agreed Disagreed No Answer

%

Kampong Kraeng

Kampong Bay

Treuy Koah


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However, it was difficult to deal up with the connection fee. The current cost of total

connection is around 474,600 Riel (113 USD). Related to this cost, 78 percent of household in

Kampong Kraeng agree to pay while 80 percent of household in Kampong Bay are also agreed

to pay too but it around 69 percent of household in Treuy Koah agree to pay on that cost.

The percentage of household agreed/disagreed on connection fee.

10. Sanitation and Waste DisposalThe type of water and sanitation facilities is important determinants of the health status of

household members and particularly of children. Proper hygienic and sanitation practices can

reduce exposure to and the seriousness of major childhood diseases such as diarrhea.

According to the survey, the

numbers of household that have no latrine

are very high in each commune. 70.85% of

household in Chum Kriel commune have

no private toilet, among those 96% defecate

in the field and 2% used their neighboringtoilet. 86.29 of household in Kampong

Kraeng commune have no latrine, 96%

defecate in the field and 4% defecate in the

water.

The percentage of household have no toilet is 57% in Meakprang while 98% of those people

defecate in the field. 55.37% of household in Trapeang Thum have no toilet while 93% defecate

78

19

4

80

17

3

69

28

3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Agreed Disagreed No Answer

%

Kampong Kraeng

Kampong Bay

Treuy Koah


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in the field, 3% use in public, 4% use

neighboring toilet. In Kampong

Kandal the percentage of household

has no private toilet is about 2.90 %.

This Sankat located in the middle of

the town, 29% amount thathousehold defecate in the field, 7%

use public latrine, 25% use

neighboring toilet and 29% defecate

in the water. 38.44% of household in Krang Ampil have no toilet, 59% of those household

defecate in the field while 39% use neighboring toilet. Only 13.72% of household in Kampong

Bay have no latrine, 65% defecate in the field, 26% use neighboring toilet. About 46.48% have

no latrine in Andoung Khmer, 73% defecate in the field, 9% use public latrine, 12% use

neighboring toilet and 4% defecate into the water. Around 91.47% of household in Traeuy Koah

have no private toilet and 100% of those people defecate in the field.

Sources: Commune data 2008


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10.1 Toilet TypeThe survey indicated that types of latrine that household used in the target area are:

public latrine, pit latrine, dig & bury, pour flash, septic tank, latrine connected to sewage, some

household use neighbor latrine and other latrine.

Regarding to the questionnaire asked about the type of latrine that household want to build in

Chum Kriel, about 35% prefer septic tank, 4% want to build septic tank. In Kampong Kraeng,65% prefer pit latrine while 3% prefer septic tank. In Makprang, 78% prefer pit latrine, 16%

prefer septic tank and 6% prefer dry latrine. In Trapeang Thom, 65% prefer pit latrine while 15%

prefer septic tank. In Kampong Kandal, among household that have no latrine, 96% prefer pit

latrine and 4% prefer septic tank. In Krang Ampil, 100% of household than have no latrine

prefer to build pit latrine. 68% of household in Kampong Bay prefer to build pit latrine while

16% prefer septic tank. In Andoung Khmer, 51 % prefer pit latrine, 16% prefer to build septic

tank and 28% prefer dry latrine. 68% of household in Treuy Koah prefer pit latrine, 9% prefer

septic tank while 16% prefer dry latrine.

10.2 Disposal of household waste water

According to the interview with Commune Council, there is no sewage system in

Kampong Kraeng Commune. The problem is the commune will be flooded in raining season

because no out let for the waste water. In Kampong Bay, there have sewage system along the

paved road and the waste water out let to Kampong Bay River. However, there is no sewage

system in Treuy Koah. The sewage system covered along the big road in Angdoung Khmercomme. This sewage is constructing by commune fund and the contribution fund from

household who live along this road. In trapeang Thom commune faced problem with lack of

sewage system because it has only 100 meter of sewage system along National Road No. 3 and it

caused flood during the raining season. The sewage system in Chum Kriel is not existed; it has

only small sewage along the road that also caused flooded when it is raining. The sewage system

in Krang Ampil commune are old and some are broken that caused flooded during raining

season. Kampong Kandal have no problem with sewage system. The sewage system covered

along National Road and mostly along small road in Kampong Kandal. This sewage is drained tothe canal.

11. Solid waste management

The solid waste service covers in Kampong Bay. However there is no service of solid

waste in Kampong Kraeng and Treuy Koh. People burn the rubbish in their own land. In Krang

Ampil the solid waste collection service is not good because of the delay and not clear on


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collection schedule. There is no solid waste collection service in Makprang commune. The big

problem is the reassurance and some stores near the waterfall throw out the rubbish bag into

water or in public land. The waste collection service in Angdong Khmer commune is also poor

because they dont collect rubbish on time and the service covered only along the National road.

In Trapeang Thum, the waste collection service covered only along the big road but people live

along the small road burry their rubbish. There is no waste collection for household in ChumKriel commune but the service conduct in the market area. In Kampong Kandal commune, the

collection service are available along the National Road otherwise there is no collection service

along the small road.

The present solid waste collection was legally granted to a company named Kim

Saophorn but in actual condition the solid waste in Kampot Town was collected by two agencies

where Kim Saophorn company provide the solid waste collection service focus on household

solid waste and solid waste of some markets and another agencies is Kampot market tax

collector who collects only solid waste of Kampot market.

Kim Saophorn company said that they collect solid waste every day for area along main

roads and for small roads they collect solid waste once for every 3 days but in actual situation,

the company collect solid waste did not follow what they have mentioned especially areas in

small roads, some time the solid waste collection service was extended to once a week (complain

of local people and authorities).

The solid waste collection service provided by Kim Saophorn company are being under

operating with 3 trucks with 5 tones capacity in operation, 7 street sweepers, 4 solid waste

collectors, 4 staff work in office, 6 drivers and one chief operator.

12. View on future development of water andsanitation12.1 Commune Development Plan

According to the interview with commune chief and commune council expressed the

difference view regarding on future development of water and sanitation in their commune.Kampong Kraeng commune have the problem with sewage waste water because it is

flooded during raining season. There is no solid waste collection service, so people throw the

rubbish in the public area or burn it. The commune council has put the critical issue for

commune development plan from 2008 to 2012 as following:

- Conduct awareness raising on health and sanitation 25 times per year

- Plan to dig 50 pump well


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- Plan to dig 5 pond

- Plan to dig 50 dig well

- Plan to rehabilitate 10 well

- Find the donor to support the construction of 500 latrine

In Kampong Bay have the problem with sewage system because it is flood in raining

season and another problem is the service of solid waste collection is not proper. The communecouncil has put the critical issue for commune development plan for year 2009 as following:

- Prepare sewage system 2,500 meters

- Connect pipe water for people use 1,796 meters

- Awareness raising people to use boil water for drinking 12 times

- Educate people to construct latrine for 120 families

- Plan to construct waste water system 2,871 meters

- Plan to prepare 1 garbage pile

- Plan to establish 1 garbage kilnSangkat Treuy Koah: people difficult to access to pipe water system and the price of

water is very high 4,000 Riel per cubic meter. There is no service of solid waste collection. The

commune council suggests improving the pipe water system, solid waste collection service and

sewage system. They also suggest the construction of latrine because only 15 percent of

household have latrine.

Makprang commune: The commune council has put the critical issue for sanitation in

five years planning to build latrine in amount of 76,000,000 Riel and amount 2,000,000 Riel for

sanitation eductation.

Trapeang Thum commune: This commune plan to build 40 latrines for 200 of

beneficiaries.

Kampon Kandal commune: The main problem for this commune is flood, so commune

council has made the plan as following:

- Rehabilitate sewage for rain draining 4,500 meter

- Prepare sewage system 3,756 meter

- Education on latrine construction 60 times per annual

Krang Ampil commune:

- Safe water connection 3500 meter


Andoung Khmaer commune:

- Prepare rain draining system 4,500 meter

- Safe water connection 3,500 meter


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- Provide rubbish can to household and put in public about 500 can

Chumkriel commune:

- Safe water connection 2,500 meter

- Build 200 latrine

- Sanitation education 8 times per annual

12.2 Urban Planning for Water Supply12.2.1 Present water supply coverage

At present, there are two water supply systems in Kampot town: Kampot water supply authority

and private water supply. The private water supply provides water to some villages of Kampong

Kraeng and Andounf Khmaer communes. The water system is not properly designed or installed;

they just simply connect water supply pipelines along two main roads by using PVC pipes and

supply water to people living along the roads. The water are not treated, they just pump water

from the stream in upstream and distribute.

The Water Supply service of Kampot covers Kampot Municipalities and some parts of Teuk

Chhou district. For Kampot Municipality, the service cover 5 Sangkat where Sangkat Kampong

Kandal covers 70.04%, Sangkat Kampong Bay covers 63.68%, Sangkat Krang Ampil covers

51.53%, Sangkat Andoung Khmer covers 29.91% and Sangkat Traeuy Kaoh 0.78%. For Teuk

Chhu district, the service cover 4 communes where Chum Kriel commune covers 2%, TrapaengThum commune covers 7.26%; Kampong Kraeng commune covers 0.77% and Keakprang

commune cover 12.46%. The water supply that they provide is 24 hours a day with at least 2b

pressure. The water supply coverage of Kampot Water Supply Utility is shown in Figure below.


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Kampong Kraeng

Andoung Khmaer

Trapeang Thum

Krang AmpilKampong Bay

Chum Kriel

Kampong Kandal

Traeuy KaohKampot Municipality

Teuk Chhu District

PRESENT WATER SUPPLY COVERAGE OF KAMPOT TOWN

District boundary

Road

Water supply coverage

LEGEND

0 0.5 1 1.5 Km

Scale 1:25000

Water supply pipeline

Commune boundary

N

EW

S

12.2.2 Future water supply coverage

In the future, the KWS plan to extend their water supply coverage to the northern part, Eastern

part and southern part of the town. Their extension will cover 2 Sangkat (Sangkat Andoung

Khmaer and Sangkat Traeuy Kaoh) of Kampot Municipality and 6 communes of Teuk Chhu

district i.e. Chum Kriel, Trapaeng Thum, Kampong Kraeng, Prey Khmum, Trapaeng Pring and

Trapaeng Sangkae communes.

In Sangkat Andoung Khmaer - the water supply will be extended in two villages: Andoung

Khmaer and Ta Deb village.

In Sangkat Traeuy Kaoh - the water supply will be extended in three villages, Ta Angk, Doun

Kaot and Srae villages, and extended to a new village Traeuy Kaoh village.

In Chum Kriel commune - the water supply will be extended in two villages: Samraong and

Kampong Kandal villages

Present water supply coverage of Kampot town


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N

EW

S

Kampong Kraeng

Andoung Khmaer

Trapeang Thum

Krang Ampil

Kampong Bay

Chum Kriel

Kampong Kandal

Traeuy KaohKampot

Municipality

Teuk Chhu District

Prey Khmum

District boundary

Road

Water supply coverage

LEGEND

Water supply pipeline

Commune boundary

Scale 1:450000 1 2 3 Km

FUTURE WATER SUPPLY COVERAGE OF KAMPOT TOWN

In Trapaeng Thum commune - the water supply will be extended in two: Trapaeng Thum and

Svay Thum villages

In Kampong Kraeng commune - the water supply will be extended in two villages: Kampong

Kraeng and Prey Tnaot villages

In prey Khmum commune, the water supply will be extended to a new village, Boeng Ta Roung

In Trapaeng Pring commune, the water supply will be extended to two new villages: TrapaengPring and Angk villages

In Trapaeng Sangkae commune, the water supply will be extended to two new villages:

Kampong Kae and Trapaeng Thum villages.

The water supply coverage of Kampot Water Supply Utility is shown in Figure and Table

below.

Future plan of water supply coverage of Kampot town


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Kampot Municipality Water Supply Pipeline

1- Sangkat Andoung Khmaer

c- Andoung Khmaer Village Extend

e- Ta Deb Village Extend

2- Sangkat Traeuy Koah

a- Ta Angk Village Extend

b- Doun Kaot Village Extend

c- Srae Village Extend

d- Traeuy Kaoh Village New

Total Connection in Kampot Municipality

Teuk Chhu District

1. Chum Kriel Commune

c- Samraong Village Extend

d- Kampong Kandal Village Extend

2. Trapeang Thum Commune

a- Trapeang Thum Village Extend

b- Svay Thum Village Extend

3. Kampong Kraeng Communea- Kampong Kraeng Village Extend

b- Prey Tnaot Village Extend

4. Prey Khmum Commune

a- Boeng Ta Roung Village New

5. Prapeang Pring Commune

a- Prapeang Pring Village New

b- Angk Village New

6. Prapeang Sangkae Commune

a- Kampong Kae Newb- Trapeang Thum New

Future extension of water supply


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ANNEX- I

KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA

NATION RELIGION KING

***********MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY MINE AND ENERGY

PROVINCIAL INDRUSTRY MINE AND ENERGY OF KAMPOT

KAMPOT WATER SYPPLY

*********

QUESTIONAIRE RELATED TO WILLINGNESS TO PAY

FOR WATER CONECTION FEE

I. General Condition

1. Family condition

Address:..village..communedistrictprovince

Head of the family's name : Gender: male female Age:...

Number of people in the family: .2. Distant from the house to main pipe : meters

3. Which grade of poverty of your family has been classified?

Poor grade 1

Poor grade 2

None above

4. Type of residence

Temporary Cottage Zinc Wooden Brick Villa Flat Others

Note: If it's cottage or zinc, please ask the choosing criterion .

Choosing criterion

A. Head of the family's condition


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A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9

B. Residence's condition

B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9

C. No possibility of earning income

C1 C2 C3 C4

D. No possibility of getting advantage from society

D1 D2 D3 D4

5. Does your family have clean water system usage? Yes No

6. If yes, where is it connection from? From the Kampot water supply

From the neighbors From private connection

If there is, continue to the next question. If the is, the question ends.

II. Income and Expenses

1. How much do your family earn per month?

2. How much does your family spend per month?

Expense Riel/month

Electricity

Food

Education

Transportation

Holidays

MedicineOthers

III. Source of Water and Usage


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1. Source of water supply

- Dry season

Usage Pipe Pump Well Pond Lake River RainDrink CookingBathing

LaundryCleaningWa

report on rapid assessment water & sanitation

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