report on solid waste management agra

8/10/2019 Report on solid waste management agra

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DET ILED PROJECT REPORT

REVISED)

FOR

SOLID W STE M N GEMENT

IN

GR

, UTTAR PRADESH

rcues

Regional Centre for Urban & Environmental Studies(Estd. by Ministry of Urban Development)

Government of India,Adjacent Registrars Office,

PREPARED BY:


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Detailed Project Report for Solid Waste Management in Agra,,Uttar Pradesh


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Detailed Project Report for Solid Waste Management in Agra, Uttar Pradesh

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.Table of Contents TOC - 1

List of Annexures TOC - 7

List of Drawings TOC - 8

List of Tables TOC- 9

List of Figures TOC-12

List of Abbreviations TOC-13

Executive Summary ES 1-4

Chapter

1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT1.1 Definition of Solid Waste Management 1-1

1.2 Problems Due to Solid Waste 1-1

1.3 Current Status of SWM in India 1-1

1.4 Initiatives to Improve SWM 1-2

1.4.1 Honorable Supreme Court of IndiaRecommendations

1-2

1.4.2 Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules 1-2

1.4.3 Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban RenewalMission

1-3

1.4.4 Twelfth Finance CommissionRecommendations

1-3

1.5 Project Background 1-3

1.6 Project Objectives 1-3

1.7 Scope of Study 1-41.8 Approach and Methodology 1-4

1.8.1 Problem Identification 1-6

1.8.2 Primary and secondary data collection 1-7

1.8.3 Data Collation and Analysis 1-10

1 8 4 Gap analysis 1 11


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2.4.1 Roads 2-5

2.4.2 Storm Water Drains 2-5

2.4.3 Sewage Drains 2-6

2.4.4 Water Supply System 2-7

2.4.5 Electricity 2-8

2.4.6 Industries 2-8

2.5 Social Infrastructure 2-10

2.5.1 Career/Education 2-10

2.5.2 Health Services 2-11

2.5.3 Fire Fighting Services 2-11

2.5.4 Communication Services 2-11

2.6 Financial Status of Nagar Nigam Agra 2-11

2.6.1 Sources of Funds 2-12

2.6.2 Uses of Funds 2-12

2.7 Administrative Setup for MSW Management 2-13

3 STATUS OF EXISTING SWM SYSTEM

3.1 Waste Generation 3-1

3.1.1 Approach adopted for estimation of WasteGeneration

3-2

3.1.2 Waste being collected at Open Dumps and

Dustbins

3-3

3.1.3 Waste Reaching the Existing Dumping/Trenching Site

3-4

3.1.4 Residential and Commercial Establishments 3-4

3.1.5 Industrial Establishment 3-6

3.1.6 Hospitals & Nursing Homes 3-8

3.1.7 Hotels/ Restaurants/ Banquet Hall 3-11

3.1.8 Slaughter Houses 3-15

3.1.9 Street Sweeping 3-153.1.10 Drain Silt 3-16

3.1.11 Construction and Demolition Sites 3-16

3.1.12 Recyclables 3-17

3.2 MSW Collection System in Agra City 3-17

3 2 1 P i W t C ll ti S t 3 17


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3.6 MSW Management System in Agra City 3-29

3.7 Expenditure on MSW Management 3-30

3.8 Gaps in Existing MSWM with respect to MSW Rules2000

3-31

3.7.1 No Segregation practice at source 3-31

3.7.2 Primary collection of solid waste is not

Appropriate

3-31

3.7.3 Secondary storage of solid waste isunorganized

3-32

3.7.4 Solid waste is Transported in Open Vehicles 3-32

3.7.5 Slaughter House Waste is mixed with MSW 3-32

3.7.6 Biomedical waste is not managed properlyin all health care facilities

3-33

3.7.7 Collection and disposal of construction

waste is not appropriate

3-33

3.7.8 Disposal of solid waste is not appropriate 3-33

3.7.9 Manual handling of solid waste 3-33

3.7.10 Lack of awareness among city residents andcivic authorities

3-33

4 PROPOSED MSW MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

4.1 Basis of Design for Proposed SWM Plan 4-1

4.2 Proposed MSW Management Plan 4-3

4.2.1 Primary Waste Collection System 4-3

4.2.2 Secondary Waste Storage System 4-14

4.2.3 Transfer Station 4-20

4.2.3.1 Waste Transportation System 4-21

4.3 Summary of Collection & Transportation

Infrastructure

4-24

4.4 Operation and Maintenance Costs (O&M costs) forCollection and Transportation System

4-25

5 WASTE TO COMPOST PLANT

5.1 Introduction 5-1


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5.4.1 Receipt, Handling, and Pre-processing ofMSW (Tipping Area)

5-6

5.4.2 Composting 5-7

5.4.3 Curing Shed 5-8

5.4.4 Compost Drying Area 5-8

5.4.5 Sizing and Refinement Tower 5-8

5.4.6 Packing and Baggage Area 5-9

5.4.7 Finished Product Godown 5-95.4.8 Control Room 5-9

5.4.9 Administrative Building 5-9

5.4.10 Roads and Other Facilities 5-9

5.4.11 Water Supply and Sprinkling system 5-10

5.4.12 Electric Power 5-10

5.4.13 Green Belt and Garden Area 5-10

5.4.14 Compost Rejects 5-105.4.15 Total Area Requirement 5-10

5.5 Cost Estimates for Proposed Compost Plant 5-10

6 LANDFILL DESIGN

6.1 Conceptual Design 6-1

6.1.1 Waste to be Handled 6-2

6.1.2 Access Road 6-26.1.3 Land Area 6-2

6.1.4 Evaluation of Geology and Hydrology of thesite

6-2

6.1.5 Surface Drainage Facilities 6-4

6.1.6 Operational Plan 6-4

6.1.7 Layout of the MSW Landfill 6-5

6.1.8 Completed Waste Fill Features 6-6

6.1.9 Estimation of Landfill Capacity 6-7

6.1.10 Selection of Liner Systems 6-10

6.1.11 Selection Of Leachate Control Facilities 6-11

6.1.12 Effluent Treatment Plant Design 6-12

6.1.13 Selection Of Landfill Gas Control Facilities 6-13


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7.1 Management Information System 7-1

7.1.1 Objective 7-1

7.1.2 Waste Generation 7-1

7.1.3 Waste Collection 7-2

7.1.4 Waste Transportation 7-3

7.1.5 Waste Processing and Disposal 7-3

7.1.6 Performance Monitoring Indicators 7-4

7.2 Complaint Handling System 7-5

7.2.1 Essential features of a complaint handlingsystem

7-6

7.2.2 General Rules for Handling Complaints 7-6

7.2.3 Complaint handling system for Agra 7-7

7.3 Environment, Health and Safety Aspects 7-7

7.4 Project Benefits Assessment 7-8

7.5 Outcomes of the Projects 7-11

8 COST OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM 8-1

9 FINANCIAL FRAMEWORK

9.1 Project Financial Structuring 9-1

9.2 Project Financial Sustainability/O&M Framework and

Planning

9-3

9.2.1 Framework of the proposed PPP model 9-4

9.2.2 PPP in operation of collection, segregationand storage of waste

9-6

9.2.3 PPP in transportation of waste to compostplant and landfill

9-7

9.2.4 PPP in operation of compost plant 9-8

9.2.5 PPP in operation of landfill site 9-10

9.2.6 PPP in setting up of a Waste to Energy Plantand its O&M thereafter

9-11

9.2.7 Users Charges/Revenue Generation /tipping fee

9-14

9.2.8 Improvement in Revenue/Tipping Fee overa period of time through PPP

9-15


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11.2 Objectives 11-1

11.3 Public Participation And Awareness Through IECProgrammes

11-2

11.3.1 Approach of IEC plan 11-2

11.3.2 Strategy for creating Awareness 11-3

11.4 Training and Capacity Building of Nagar Nigam Agrafor MSW management

11-6

11.4.1 Objective 11.611.4.2 Specific Activities in Regard to

Training/Capacity Building Programmes11.7

11.4.3 Some Proposed Tools/Methods 11.7

11.5 Awareness and Capacity Building of Schedule andActivities Costing

11-8

12 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN


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LIST OF ANNEXURES

Annexure-I Recommendation of Honourable Supreme Court of India forSolid Waste Management Practices for Class I Cities

Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules published by theMinistry of Environment and Forests (MEOF)

Objectives of Jawahar Lal Nehru national Urban RenewalMission

Twelfth Finance Commission recommendation on LocalBodies grants & Inter state distribution

Annexure-II Chronological Record of Meetings & Visits

Minutes of the Stakeholders MeetingAnnexure-III Projected Population

Annexure-IV Ward wise Details and Break up of Waste Generation in Agra (2006)Annexure-V Questionnaire Formats for Primary SurveyAnnexure-VI Sheet 1 : Compilation and Analysis of Open Dumps Survey Data

Sheet 2 : Compilation and Analysis of Dustbins Survey DataSheet 3: Waste characterization by SGS India Pvt. LtdSheet 4: Calculation of Total Waste Generation in Agra CitySheet 5: Photographs of Open Dumps and Dustbins

Annexure-VII Weigh slips of Waste Transportation vehicleAnnexure-VIII Household Survey photographs and Summary Sheet

Annexure-IX Year wise Waste Generation In Agra

Compostable Waste

Lanfillable WasteAnnexure-X Technical Specifications for Waste Collection and Transportation

InfrastructureAnnexure-XI Detail Cost Estimates of Construction Of New DhalaoAnnexure-XII Detail Cost Estimates of Transfer StationsAnnexure-XIII Summary of Financial StatementAnnexure-XIV Cost estimates of Landfill & QuotationsAnnexure XV Technical Specifications for Landfill Site


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LIST OF DRAWINGS

SerialNumber

Drawings Description

1 3146/Agra/01 City Plan of Agra Showing NagarNigam And Ward Boundaries

2 3146/Agra/02 Waste Collection Centre (DP Bins)&Route Plan

3 3146/Agra/03 Waste Collection Centers (OpenDumps & Route Plan)

4 3146/Agra/04 Map Showing Various WasteGenerating Areas in Agra City

5 3146/Agra/05 Proposed Waste Collection System6 3146/ Agra/Chap 4/01 Drawing for construction of WSD(Dhalao)

7 3146/ Agra/Chap 4/02 Layout of MSW Transfer Station AtAgra

8 3146/ Agra /Chap5 Layout Plan of Aerobic Compost Unit(350 TPD) for Agra

9 3146/ Agra /Chap6./01 Layout Plan of MSW Landfill for Agra10 3146/ Agra /Chap6./02 Leachate Collection System for MSW

Landfills11 3146/ Agra /Chap6./03 G.A. Drawing of Security Room

12 3146/ Agra /Chap6./04 G.A. Drawing of Weigh Bridge, ScaleRoom

13 3146/ Agra /Chap6./05 G.A. Drawing for Office Building andMCC Room

14 3146/ Agra /Chap6. /06 G.A. Drawing for Temporary StorageShed/


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LIST OF TABLES

S.NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

Table 2.1 Population and Growth Rate-Agra 2-2Table 2.2 Sex ratio of Agra City 2-2

Table 2.3 Existing Land use of Agra Development Area 2001 2-4

Table 2.4 Proposed Land Use as Per Master Plan 2021 2-4

Table 2.6 Type of SSI Unit 2-9

Table 2.7 Cash Flow Statement for NNA 2-11

Table 3.1 Calculation of Waste Collection at Secondary WasteCollection Points

3-3

Table 3.2 Field survey result of per capita waste generation 3-4

Table 3.3 Waste Generation in Households 3-5

Table 3.4 Waste from Commercial Establishments 3-6

Table 3.5 Waste generation from Hospital 3-8

Table 3.6 Number of Hotels/Restaurants/Banquet Halls 3-11

Table 3.7 Waste from Hotels 3-11

Table 3.8 Waste from Restaurants 3-13

Table 3.9 Waste generation from banquet halls 3-14

Table 3.10 Details of Transportation Equipments 3-22

Table 3.11 Quantity and Characterization of MSW in Agra 3-28

Table 3.12 Physical Characterization of MSW as per CPHEEOM l

3-29


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Table 4.3 Primary waste collection system 4-4

Table 4.4 Required Infrastructure for collection of House HoldWaste

4-6

Table 4.5 Infrastructure Required for Primary waste Collection and

Transportation

4-13

Table 4.6 Proposed ward wise secondary collection locations 4-15

Table 4.7 Quantity and cost estimates for secondary storageinfrastructure

4-20

Table 4.8 Quantity and cost estimates for transportationinfrastructure

4-23

Table 4.9 Summary of collection and transportation infrastructure 4-24

Table 4.10 O&M cost for waste transportation collectioninfrastructure and personnel

4-26

Table 5.1 Cost estimate for composting unit 5-10

Table 6.1 List of facilities Provided at Agra Landfill 6-4

Table 6.2 Capacity Calculation for MSW Landfill 6-7

Table 6.3 Leachate Pipe sizing 6-11

Table 6.4 Monitoring Plan 6-14

Table 6.5 Summary of Cost Estimates 6-18

Table 6.6 Operation and Maintenance Cost 6-19

Table 7.1 Measures to guage performance of MSWM system 7-4

Table 8.1 Breakup of Cost of the Proposed Scheme 8-1

Table 8.2 Phased Implementation of Landfill Site 8-2

Table 9.1 Financial Plan 9-3

Table 9.2 PPP in MSW Management 9-5


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Table 9.9 Cash Flow Statement for Compost Plant 9-20

Table 9.10 Projected balance Sheet for Compost Plant 9-21

Table 10.1 Specific roles and responsibilities of institution involvedin implementation and O&M

10-1

Table 11.1(A) Awareness schedule & costing 11-8

Table11.1 (B) Training and capacity building 11-9


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LIST OF FIGURES

S.NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

Figure 1.1 Approach and methodology 1-5

Figure 2.1 Proposed Land use as Per Master plan 2021 2-4

Figure 2.2 Distribution of SSI Units 2-9

Figure 2.3 Organization Structure of Agra Nagar Nigam 2-14Figure 5.1 Classification of Biological Treatment Methods 5-1Figure 5.2 Process Design for MSW Composting 5-4Figure 5.3 Windrow Turner 5-5Figure10.1 Proposed Institutional Framework 10-3


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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

CPCB Central Pollution Control Board

Cu.ft. Cubic feet

cum Cubic meter

GIS Geographical Information System

GPS Geographical Positioning System

km kilometer

NNA Nagar Nigam Agra

MIS Management Information System

MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forest

MSW Municipal Solid Waste

MT Metric Ton

PPE Personal Protective Equipment

RCUES Regional Centre for Urban and Environmental Studies

RM Running meter

Rs Rupees

sqm Square meter

sq. km. Square kilometer

SWM Solid Waste ManagementTPD Tonnes per day

% Percentage

TFC Twelfth Finance Commission


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Regional Centre for Urban and Environmental Studies (RCUES), Lucknow hasbeen appointed Nodal agency by Government of Uttar Pradesh and entrusted withresponsibilities of managing all activities concerning to Municipal Solid WasteManagement in towns/cities of Uttar Pradesh.

As per the scope of work specified, RCUES has prepared a detailed project report(DPR) and allied Engineering Drawings on Solid Waste Management Plan for Nagar

Nigam Agra (NNA) on an integrated approach inline with the guidelines ofMoEF/CPCB and MSW Rules 2000.

The detailed project report covers an introduction to project, background of theplanning area, status of the existing solid waste management system, proposedMSW management system with cost estimates, equipment specifications and routeplans, design of waste (350 TPD) to compost plant with cost estimates, conceptual

design of sanitary landfill with cost estimates and engineering drawings, operationaland maintenance aspects, cost of proposed system, financial framework includingpublic private participation in the various components of MSW, proposedinstitutional framework and details of community participation through IEC.

The option of waste to energy as an alternative to compost and the contribution ofrag pickers in keeping Agra clean have been discussed in detail in the detailed

project report.

Agra has a population of 14.26 lacs with a slum population of about 9.5%. It isspread in an area of 141 sq. kms. The length of roads is about 1724 kms. There are200 open dumps, 9 dhalaos, 116 dustbins spread all over the city. NNA has about2865 safai karamcharis which includes 650 safai karamcharis on contract basis and afleet of 96 vehicles of different type/age to carry out the MSWM activity. The waste

in the city is being dumped at one authorized site a few kilometers away from thecity. The rag picking community of close to 6000 people spread all over the city isinvolved in removing recyclable waste.

NNA incurs an expenditure of about Rs 28.1 crores annually on MSWM. The entire


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The following gaps were found in the existing MSW management with respect toMSW Rules 2000 in Agra:

The existing state of the open dumps in the city, road side dumps, cloggednallahs reflect the inefficiency of the present system. The safai karamcharisalso dump the drain silt and waste at open dumps.

There is a lack of awareness among city residents and civic authorities.Awareness for segregation of waste at source was very low and nosegregation of waste was practiced at source

Primary collection of solid waste was not appropriate. There was only limiteddoor to door collection of waste.

Secondary storage of solid waste is unorganized and efficient. The dustbinswere broken or rusted. There were no closed dhallaos and main collectionpoints were all open dumps. Animals strayed on open dumps, collection binsoverflowed and waste collection appeared to be poor. There was no markingfor segregation of waste into separate bins.

Solid waste is transported in open vehicles like tipper trucks. Safaikaramcharis involved in this activity do not use any personal protectionequipment (PPE) for their protection

Slaughter house waste is mixed with the MSW. Biomedical waste is notmanaged properly in all health care facilities.

Collection and disposal of construction waste is not appropriate. In EWS andLIG houses it is mixed with household waste

Disposal of solid waste is not appropriate as waste was being thrown atunauthorized dump yards.

In the DPR, the MSW management, operation, primary & secondary collection andtransportation system are proposed in accordance with the guidelines issued byCPCB/ MoEFF, actual site conditions as depicted from the extensive surveysconducted and in line with MSW Rules 2000.

New rickshaws, wheelbarrows, containers and bins have been proposed for primarycollection and secondary storage of waste. Along with the utilization of some of theexisting vehicles, modern transport vehicles have been proposed for wastetransportation.Apart from this Waste Infrastructure Depot (WID) in each sanitaryward is proposed for storage of MSW infrastructure in use and also for available


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Design has also been developed for waste (350 TPD) to compost plant. For designdue consideration has been given to basis of compost plant design, curing shed,

compost drying area, sizing and refinement tower, packing and baggage area,finished product godown, control room, administrative building, roads and otherfacilities, water supply and sprinkling system, electric power, weigh bridge, greenbelt and garden area, compost rejects etc The cost estimates are prepared and arearequirement worked out.

The DPR envisages for IEC & capacity building of stakeholders, program

implementation, approach to IEC implementation covering programcommunication, social mobilization, identification of areas where communityparticipation, methodology for conducting training programs with schedule areprovided in details.

The total project outlay is estimated at Rs 3393.3 lacs as detailed below:

Cost of the Proposed Scheme

ParticularsTotal

OutlayRs in lacs

- Collection 500.45

- Storage 340.65- Transportation to site/plant 571.88

A. Sub total of above(Collection/Storage/Transportation)

1412.98

B. Compost plant 772.46

C. Landfill site (for use during the first 5 years): 808.73

D. Contingencies @ 3% on A to C 89.82

E. Capital Cost (A+B+C+D) 3083.99

F. Preparing of Detailed Project Report @1.5% of E 46.26G. Capacity Building , IEC @ 1.5% of E above 46.26

H. Efficiency @ 1% of E above 30.84

I. Innovative Approach @ 1 % of E above 30.84

J. Incentives (F+G+H+I+J) 154.20


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Detailed Project Report for Solid Waste Management in Agra,, Uttar Pradesh

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT

1.1

Definition of Solid Waste Management

Solid Waste Management (SWM) is an organized process of storage, collection,transportation, processing and disposal of solid refuse residuals in an engineeredsanitary landfill. It is an integrated process comprising several collection methods,varied transportation equipments, storage, recovery mechanisms for recyclablematerial, reduction of waste volume and quantity by methods such as composting,waste-to-power and disposal in a designated engineered sanitary landfill.

The selection of a suitable SWM process is driven by the source and quality of wasteproduced. Solid waste is generated from a number of sources which includehouseholds (kitchen and yards), commercial areas (shops, hotels, and restaurants),industries (raw material and packaging), institutions (schools, hospitals, and offices),construction and demolition sites, wild and domesticated animals (carcasses of deadanimals, manure), parks (fallen branches, leaves from trees) and streets (sand, silt,clay, concrete, bricks, asphalt, residues from air deposition and dust).

1.2 Problems Due to Solid Waste

Accumulation of solid waste in open areas is an eyesore, diminishing real estate and

property value, a breeding ground for insects and other vectors (rats and mice, wildand domesticated animals, as well as humans who may come in contact withcontaminated wastes). It also causes odour nuisance, reflects the unorganized natureof the community and creates a poor environment for growing children.

Improper and unorganized disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in open areasand landfills have a negative impact on the living conditions of human beings as

well as the overall environment. It results in spread of communicable and non-communicable diseases among human beings and animals, thus affecting thewelfare, livelihood and economic productivity. In addition, it causes contaminationof soil, surface water, ground water and generation of toxic and green-house gases.However, using adequate information, resources and efficient management

ti t lid t i t f l


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consumption of goods and hence waste generation. As per Census 2001, the urbanpopulation accounts for 28-percent of the total Indian population.

The Local Governing Bodies (LGBs) viz. Nagar Nigam and Nagar Palika Parisad areresponsible for providing SWM services inthe urban areas. In most of the urban areas,insufficient funds, use of obsolete and/orinefficient technologies, lack of publicawareness/ training, and improper

infrastructure have resulted in a poor state ofSWM.

1.4 Initiatives to Improve SWM

In the recent years, Government of India has taken several initiatives so as toimprove the existing SWM practices in the country. Some of the key initiatives and

recommendations are discussed as under:

1.4.1

Honorable Supreme Court of India Recommendations

In recent years, the current SWM system in India has got considerable attention fromthe Central and State Governments and local municipalities. The first initiative wastaken by the Honorable Supreme Court of India in 1998, which resulted in formationof a Committee to study the current status of SWM in Indian cities. This Committeeidentified the deficiencies/ gaps in the existing SWM system in the country andprepared the Interim Report on SWM Practices in Class I cities. Class I cities arecities with a population ranging between one lakh to ten lakhs (1, 00,000 to 10,00,000). The recommendations of the Committee that pertain to MSW design criteriaare provided in Annexure I of this report.

1.4.2

Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules

As a second initiative, the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF),Government of India, published Municipal Solid Waste (Management andHandling) Rules 2000 (MSW Rules 2000) These rules were developed in

Average Composition of MSW

MSW primarily comprises of 30-35%

of organic fraction, 3-6% of

recyclables (paper and plastic), 40-

45% of inert material, and less than

one-percent glass and metal (NationalEnvironmental Engineering Research

Institute [NEERI]).


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1.4.3Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) is the thirdnotable initiative undertaken by Government of India. JNNURM provides fundingfor urban infrastructure development in 63 cities and citys of the country. Thismission has been initiated in 2006 and is slated to continue until 2011. The objectivesof this mission are included in Annexure I

1.4.4 Twelfth Finance Commission Recommendations

The Twelfth Finance Commission (TFC) under Department of Expenditure,Government of India, has recommended measures to augment the ConsolidatedFunds of the States to supplement resources of the Rural Local Bodies (RLBs)(Panchayats) and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) (Municipalities). These funds areallocated to the the RLBs and ULBs based on the recommendation made by the StateFinance Commissions (SFCs). In addition, in accordance with the recommendations

made by the TFC, sum of Rs.20, 000 crores and Rs.5, 000 crores has been allocated forRLBs and ULBs, respectively, for the period 2005-10.

The funds allocated to the RLBs are being utilized for providing water supply andsanitation in rural areas while the funds allocated to the ULBs are being utilized forenhancing the solid waste management services in urban areas under public-privatepartnership. In addition, municipalities with population of over 100,000 (as per 2001

census) are required to prepare a comprehensive scheme including composting andwaste to energy systems to be undertaken in the private sector for appropriateallocation of funds. The main recommendations by the TFC are summarized inAnnexure I

1.5 Project Background

As a part of the TFC, Agra intends to enhance the existing SWM system for Agra andthus improve the health and living standards of its residents. For this purpose, NNAhas assigned Regional Centre for Urban and Environmental Studies (RCUES),Lucknow, with the task of preparing a Detailed Project Report (DPR) for Solid WasteManagement for Agra


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1.7 Scope of Study

The scope of work includes the following:

Detailed survey of the prevailing conditionso Quantification and characterization of the MSWo Gap analysis based on theMSW Rules 2000

Design an MSW management system in accordance with MSW Rules, 2000o Collection and Transportation System (CTS)

o

Waste processing systemo Integrated Sanitary Landfill Facility (ISLF)

O & M Plan addressingo Stakeholders complaintso Management of Information Systems (MIS)o Environment, Health and Safety (EHS)

Preparation of Bill of Quantities (BOQ)

Capital and Operation &

Maintenance (O&M) cost estimates

MSW management model including privatization aspects

1.8 Approach and Methodology

This DPRproposes a comprehensive SWM management and implementation planfor Agra city. In order to address each of the problems associated with the currentSWM system in Agra city, a series of steps were adopted, which are summarized inFigure 1.1.


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Problem Identification

Primary & Secondary Data Collection

Data Collation & Analysis

Gap Analysis

Evaluation of MSW Management Alternatives

Propose MSW Management Plan

BOQs & Cost Estimates

Financial Framework for Project Implementation

Institutional Framework including Privatization Options

Project Implementation Plan


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1.8.1 Problem Identification

With the start of the project, RCUES team interacted with various departments of theCity, viz. Municipal Commissioner, Executive officer, Nagar Nigam Agra(NNA) andAgra Development Authority (ADA) (the records of meetings are enclosed asAnnexure II this report). The objective of these meetings was to get ourselvesacquainted with the people whom we will be interacting with, in the due course ofthe project and to get first hand information about the present waste managementsystem being practiced in Agra, so as to identify major problem areas. The RCUES

team then explained their understanding and roadmap to execute the project andunderstood the point of view of officials in this regard.

Following are the major points of discussion during the problem identification stage:

The total area of the Agra, is 141 square kms

The awareness level of Agra residents, regarding waste management is observedto be very low.

Transportation of waste using heavy vehicles is very difficult; this is primarilydue to congested roads. It was also found that a ring road may be constructedaround the city. This would be helpful in better transportation planning.

The city of Agra has underground sewerage system. About 17% of area is covered bysewerage system, of which 50% is not in working condition.

There is one slaughterhouse and a number of unauthorized meat shops in theCity. It was found that these slaughter houses/ shops do not follow cleanmethods for possessing meat. The waste from slaughter houses (skin, horns, andbones) is sold to processing or recycling units, from where it is exported. The

remaining waste such as flesh cuttings are thrown away in open dumps which islifted by NNA along with MSW.

For disposal and management of Bio-Medical waste (BMW), an organization,Dutta Enterprises lifts the waste dumped outside the medical establishments in

D il d P j R f S lid W M i A U P d h


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1.8.2 Primary and secondary data collection

From the earlier experience of similar projects, RCUES team anticipated thatto understand the problems of both the NNA and the public, it was essentialto undertake both secondary and primary data collection.

The major source of secondary data for this project was Nagar Nigam Agraand other government and non-government organizations.

Secondary data was collected after discussions with NNA officials tounderstand the present practice of waste management and disposal system inAgra. Detailed questionnaires were prepared (refer Annexure V of this reportfor sample questionnaires) to collect information from these organizations in astreamlined and organized fashion at macro level. In this regard, followingpreliminary information was also collected to help in framing themethodology for primary data collection.

Map of Agra with Municipal Limits

Census Details Year 2001, 1991, 1981, 1971, 1961, 1951

Organization structure of Nagar Nigam Agra

Total Number of House holds in Nagar Nigam Agra

List of Markets in Nagar Nigam Agra(Commercial Markets, Mandies)

List of Hospitals, Nursing homes in Nagar Nigam Agra, list of Hotels in

Agra Nagar Nigam List of Industries in Nagar Nigam Agra Ward wise Map

List of Abattoirs, Slaughter Houses in Nagar Nigam Agra , list of ContactPersons (Sanitary Inspectors, In charge Transportation, Ward Councilors,Landfill) of Nagar Nigam Agra

Number of persons involved in MSWM

Existing Trenching Location,

Workshop Location

List of Vehicles, Waste transportation equipment

Ward-wise population distribution

Based on the evaluation of available secondary data and the outcome of

D t il d P j t R t f S lid W t M t i A Utt P d h


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The major reasons for considering the Dhalaos/Dustbins/open dumpsite asthe best suited location for primary data collection for quality and quantity of

waste are: It was highlighted during the meetings & transacts of different wards

made by RCUES project team that most of the waste, including theMSW, BMW, and Waste from eating joints/ Hotels/ Restaurants/Dhabas/ Guest Houses/ Banquet Halls, waste from slaughter houses,is being dumped in the Dhalaos/ Dustbins/Open dumpsites.

If only, door to door survey would have been conducted, the resultswould have been based only on the information provided by therespondents and may have had errors.

Door to door survey would also not have included drain silt, streetsweeping, construction waste etc, which are responsible as animportant and a large part of waste to be transported in the City.

Hence, primary data were collected from these dhalaos. In addition to this,primary survey has also been conducted at Hospitals, Hotels, and commercialcenters and at house hold level also. (Refer Annexure V for sample surveyformats). Results are provided in chapter 3 of this report.

During the primary survey, the RCUES team interacted with nearbyresidents, took photographs of the site and conducted waste quantification

and characterization. Dhalao/dustbins/Open dumps have been selected anddetailed survey of these sites has been carried out. (The Dhalao surveyphotographs are enclosed as Annexure VI for ready reference).

This was followed by waste quantification at site and waste characterization(physical) by quarter tine method. Details of the method are provided inchapter 3 of this report.

Following are the activities undertaken under this task:

Survey of waste storage centers (Dhalaos/Open dumps/Bins) to access thequantity of waste generated in each ward and total waste generated in NNAboundary

Detailed Project Report for Solid Waste Management in Agra Uttar Pradesh


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Porcelain & Sanitary ware

Ash

2 Organic Waste

leaves,

Fruits and vegetable peals,

Rotten veg and fruits,

Left over food,

Organic wastes from kitchens andmarkets

and Horticulture wastes.

3 Drain Silt

Silt from drain including blackishmatter that includes waste whichis not visible as it is eitherdecomposed or cant bedifferentiated.

4 Recyclable

Plastics

Metals

Papers

Glass

Plastic bags

ClothesCardboards

Cartoons

Boxes

Rubber

Packaging

Disposal materials from restraints

4 Construction Debris

Broken Concrete

Brick

Sand

Stone & Aggregates

Detailed Project Report for Solid Waste Management in Agra Uttar Pradesh


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6 c/n ratio

7 Organic Carbon

8 Total Solids (% by mass)9 Lignin Content (% by mass)

10 Total Volatile Solids (1:5) Rat

11 Loss on Ignition

12 Total Potassium (as k.mg/kg)

13 Nitrogen (% by mass)

14 Phosphorous ( % by mass)

15 Sulphur (as S, % by mass on dry basis)16 Iron

17 Copper

18 Zinc

19 Nickel

20 Manganese

21 Chromium

22 Cadmium

23 Mercury

24 Lead

25 Selenium

26 Arsenic

27 Pesticide

Apart from the Dhalao/Dustbin/Open dump site survey, the City wassurveyed thoroughly and areas were traced as per density of population andstandards of living of the people. Similarly, survey of major waste generationsources, waste storage centers in the city and landfill sites were carried out toassess the present waste storage infrastructure, frequency of waste collection,segregation of waste, recycle and disposal practices in Agra city. Waste

collection and transportation fleet management system was studied; fleetmaintenance measures and route plans of waste transportation system weretraced.



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The Census 2001 figures of population for Nagar Nigam Agra are used to

calculate the population projections for each ward. The Projections are doneusing the methods recommended in CPHEEO Manual. Waste generationfigures are also calculated on the basis of these projected figures and the percapita waste generation figures. The same are enclosed as Annexure IX of thisreport.

1.8.4

Gap analysis

Gaps in the existing waste management system were identified with referenceto the MSW Rules 2000, the information provided by the NNA officials andthe existing scenario as per the results of the primary survey.

During the survey awareness level of general public in regard to segregation

of waste and other environmental friendly waste management practices wasaccessed

Backup fleet and equipments with the Nagar Nigam Agra were also analyzedby conducting meetings with NNA officials and the present conditions ofthese equipments were also assessed.

Following are the highlights of this exercise

Comparison of default per capita waste generation factors with per capitawaste generation figure as derived from the survey.

Adjudging the availability and requirement of waste managementequipments, the analysis was used for conceptualization of the proposed

plan.

The existing waste management is not organized & scheduled and hence,requires up gradation.



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j p f g g

1.8.5 Evaluation & Proposal, Detailed engineering, BOQ and Cost estimates ofthe MSW Management Plan

Based on the outcomes of the Primary and Secondary data collection, collationand analysis results, discussions with the stakeholders, NNA, and the best

judgments made by the RCUES experts, alternatives were considered andevaluated and a most suitable MSW management model developed forimplementation.

Further, detailed engineering, cost and estimates for this plan were developedand considered for producing a finance model.

Refer chapters 5, 6, 7 and 8 for details regarding detailed engineering, BOQ,Cost estimates, landfill design, operational and maintenance aspects.



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CHAPTER 2 THE PLAN AREA SITUATION ANALYSIS

This chapter provides an overview of the location, current extents of Agra city, itsexisting and projected populations, land use pattern and existing physical & socialinfrastructure. It also details the current financial status of NNA and itsadministrative setup for MSW management.

The information provided in this chapter was procured through various sourcessuch as NNA, Agra Development Authority (ADA), discussions with the local

residents and site investigations performed by the RCUES project team.

While some of this information directly forms the basis of the design for thecomponents of MSW management, the rest gives the feel of the city and itsparameters for which the MSW management system is being proposed.

2.1Location and Extents

The city of Agra is situated on the Western Bank of river Yamuna on NationalHighway (NH-2) at about 200 kms from Delhi in the state of Uttar Pradesh. Agra is

geographically located between 2705 and 2715 latitude in north direction and

longitude 7807 and 7753 in east direction

The Agra city is situated on the banks of the river Yamuna. The city is known for Taj

Mahal, one of the Seven Wonders of the World which draws tourist from all over theworld. The city has rich historical background, which is amply evident from thenumerous historical monuments in and around the city. Large number of domesticand foreign tourist visit Agra. It is a part of the golden triangle of tourism-Delhi,

Jaipur, Agra.

The city has an area of 141sq.km which falls under the jurisdiction of Agra Nagar

Nigam. The city is divided into 90 election wards. These election wards are furthergrouped into 19 sanitary wards for solid waste management. This area has beenused to design the MSW collection and transportation system in the proposedintegrated plan in this DPR.



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The historical growth rate has been derived based on the past decadal population ofthe city and cantonment, the future population has been projected only for Agra city

that falls within the limits and under the purview of NNA. The ward wisepopulation for the 90 election wards is included in Annexure IV. In addition, thecensus estimates from 1961 to2001 have been used to project the population for years2006, 2011, 2021, and 2031 (Table 2.1) for Agra city. The calculations for populationprojections are done by various methods as recommended by CPHEOO Manual forsolid waste Management and these are summarized in Annexure III. The projectedpopulation for 2011 has been used in planning the collection and transportation

equipment and the compost plant and the projected population for 2031 fordesigning the land fill site. The plan, however, purposes phased land fill andcomposting site designs to accommodate the increase in MSW considering thechanges in population with time.

Table2.1: Population and Growth Rate- Agra

E

The sex ratio measures the extent of prevailing equity between males and females inthe project area. As per the Census 2001, the sex ratio in the city is 846 females perthousand males, which is les than the district figure of 898 females per thousand

Population and Growth Rate Agra (Census of India, 2001)

Year Population Growth Rate (%)

1961 462000 -

1971 591000 27.92

1981 781000 32.15

1991 978000 25.22

2001 1275134 30.37

Population Projection

2006 1426617

2011 1590570 11.5

2016 1768592 11.2

2021 1957393 10.7



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households has been identified as household below poverty line.As per the census 2001, the total slum population in the city is 121761. The

percentage of slum population in the city is 9.5% of the total population, which isless than the percentage of slum population to the total urban population of the state(12.7 percent).As per DUDA there are 252 slum pockets with a population of the order 5.5 lakhs i.e.about 44 percent of the total population. Out of the total number of 80 wards (afterdelimitation 90 wards) in the city, 44 number of wards have slums. The slumpopulation in the ward varies from 2.66 % to maximum of 91.85%.

2.3 Land Use

Table 2.3 Existing Land Use of Agra Development Area 2001

Master Plan of 2021 takes into account the requirements of urban population of 22.5lakh as estimated by 2021(Master plan 2021) and focusing on citys historical andarcheological significance. The total future land requirement for the city is 200.36 sqkm. The percentage breakups for the proposed Land use is given in Table 2.4 and Fig2.1

Land use Percentage

Residential 61.84

Commercial 1.88Whole Commercial 0.75

Industrial 6.87

Community Facility 10.66

Office 2.25

Traffic & Transportation 10.87

Crenulations/ Burial ground 0.40

Park Place Ground 1.33Historical Monument 1.47

Nursery 0.30

Gardens 0.87

Sewage Farms 0.49

Total 100



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Fig 2.1 Proposed Land Use as per Master Plan 2021

2.4 Physical Infrastructure

Land use Percentage

Residential 49.53Commercial 2.72

Industrial 8.01

Office 2.54

Tourism 0.89

Public& 8.80

Traffic & Transportation 10.79

Recreation & OpenSpaces

4.37

Other open spaces 2.10

Other 10.25

Total 100

Residential

49.53%

Other

10.25%

Commercial

2.72%

Industrial

8.01%

Tourism

0.89%Office

2.54%

Public & Semi

Public

8.80%

Traffic &

Transportation

10.79%

Recreation &

Open spaces

4.37%

Other Open

Spaces

2.10%


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There are about twenty-five major drains in CIS and Trans Yamuna areas, whichdirectly falls into the river Yamuna and there are about thirty-eight secondarydrains. In Agra Primary and secondary drains account for 68.85% of the total cityarea.

Mantola nallah is the longest nallah of the city

and covers around one third of the citycatchments. Primary and secondary drains/nallahare of mixed type i.e. Kutcha and Pucca. Thesedrains/nallah are mainly made in brick masonrywithout plaster and some portion in stonemasonry. These drains are heavily silted andbroken in many places and are in very bad

conditions.

Tertiary Storm Water DrainsThere are not much tertiary drains in Agra. Tertiary drains are roadside drains,which are missing in majority portion of Agra. These drains are pucca drains (linedin brick and stones masonry).Almost all the nallahs face the problem of clogging because of the buildings that

have come up just over the drains. The effluent of industries, waste water of sewer,etc. are also falling in these drains without any treatment.

2.4.3 Sewage Drains

O en drains in San a Palace Nallah near A ra Fort

Mantola Nallah



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II

Southern-I sewerage district covering Bundukatra and part of Shahganj-I

Southern-II sewerage district covering part of Shahganj-II. Central sewerage district covering Ghatwasan-I, Kotwali, Maithan,

Hariparbat, Chhata, Rakabganj and parts old Khandari, Ghatwasan-II andLohamandi.

The area covered by sewerage system is only 17%. About 50% of the seweragesystem is not in working condition. Three Sewage Treatment Plants were built under

Yamuna Action Plan Phase I. The STPs atBurhi ka Nagla (2.25 MLD) and Peela Khar(10 MLD) are made to perform beyondcapacity, but still treat only 10% of thesewage they receive. Mostly the sewage goesinto the open drains. The system is badlysilted, choked and damaged at number of

places and overloaded due to the growth ofpopulation the city. Improper means ofdisposals of wastewater has also resulted inenvironmental pollution and createsunhygienic conditions.

In view of the above situation of the sewage and storm water drains, it would take

sometime before the system is set augmented and set in place. It is therefore beenassumed in the design that the entire drain silt and street sweepings would be sentto the landfill.

2.4.4 Water Supply System

Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam (UPJN) is the nodal agency for developing water

infrastructure in Agra. UPJN then transfers the facilities to the (Agra Jal Sansthan)AJS for operation and maintenance. The mission of AJS is to supply potable water inadequate quantity to the consumers and maintain the sewerage system of the cityefficiently.Agra water supply originates from river Yamuna. Apart from Yamuna Agra also

Sewage Treatment Plant in Agra



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convenience, to cover the entire master plan area. In most of the areas of NagarNigam water distribution system is available but still in some wards like Sikandra-II,

Bodla-II, Shahganj-III, Tanjganj-II, III, Trans Yamuna-II and Ghatwasan-II no watersupply network is available. Water requirement in these is met by tube wells andhand pumps. There are about 4017 stand posts and about 4598 hand pumps in thecity. These areas are facing acute water shortage.

There are two water treatment plants at Jeevani Mandi (Installed capacity of 200MLD) and Sikandra (Installed capacity of 144 MLD).Both the treatment plants are

giving a final output of about 270 MLD.

2.4.5 Electricity

It is one of the most critical infrastructure facilities for a city. It has impact not onlyon livability issues but also critical factors governing competitiveness (especially forindustries).In case of Agra nonavailablity of power means people using DG sets as a

back-up option.

At the city level, power supply is based on following parameters:

Demand Supply Gap

Asset management

Billing & collection

Automation of distribution network

Agra district has witnessed a rapid growth in the last few years. The connected loadhas increased from 539 MW in 1991 to 627 MW in 2001. Currently with 57substations of 33 KV, the available capacity is 493 MVA, which is just equal to thepeak load demand of 500 MVA. However, keeping in view the growth of Agra, thisneeds to be increased. The projected peak load demand by 2010 is about 800 MVA.

2.4.6 Industries

As per the report of district Industries Centre, Industrial Development in Agra at aglance, the total number of SSI units in the city is 5263 and the investment in these



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Repairing &

ervice Industry

32 7%

Beverages, Toba

& Toba products

0.1%

Food products

4.4%

Hosiery &garments

12.6%

Paper products &

Printing

1.2%

Wood Products

6.5%

From the above table, it can be seen that the maximum percentage of SSI units are inrepairing & service industry. There are also about 30,000 households artisan units inthe city. Agra cityhas been thetraditional seat of

Iron CastingProducts from theMughal period.Before 1993 therewere approximately

S. No. Kind of SSI Unit Number Percentage to total

1 Food products 232 4.4

2Beverages, Toba & Tobaproducts

40.1

3 Hosiery & garments 663 12.6

4 Wood Products 342 6.5

5 Paper products & Printing 63 1.2

6 Leather Products 263 5.0

7 Rubber & Plastic 194 3.7

8Chemical & ChemicalProducts

1132.1

9Non-metallic mineralproducts

3416.5

10 Metal products 166 3.2

11

Machinery & Part Except

Electrical 253

4.8

12Electrical Machinery &Apparatus

631.2

13 Miscellaneous Mfg. 847 16.1

14Repairing & ServiceIndustry

171932.7

Total

5263

100



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there are only 166 foundry units working in the city by adopting the environmentfriendly fuel.

The shoe manufacturing industry in Agra exists mainly in the form of cottageindustries. There are about 5,000 to 7,000 such units in Agra. Besides, there are about200 export-oriented units. These employ more workers. In addition, there are mid-size manufacturing units, which can be classified as small-scale industries. Suchunits employ about 10 to 50 workers. According to State government records, about1.5 lakh pairs of shoes are manufactured a day in Agra by the cottage, small-scale

and medium-scale footwear units together. About two lakh people work in the shoeindustry in Agra.

About 1.5 lakh pairs of shoes are manufactured in Agra per day by the cottage, smallscale and medium scale footwear units. There are also a large number of ancillaryindustries, supporting footwear industries in Agra. About 65% of total domesticrequirement of shoes in India is supplied from Agra.

Agra is also famous for its Petha. Petha is manufactured by over 750 cottage units ofthe city and it has been the source of livelihood for several thousand residents.The origin of petha dates back to the Mughal era. Presently, the well-known Agrapetha is manufactured in the narrow lanes of the centuries-old Noori DarwazaMarket and other places of the city.

2.5 Social Infrastructure

2.5.1 Career/Education

Despite the fact that only 48.6% of the population in Agra city are literate (accordingto census 2001), the city provides manycareer options. Out of this figure majority

of those who are illiterate comprisefemales - only 30.6% of females areliterate. However, educational institutesare spread throughout the city except incertain rural areas. The educational



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University), 1 Medical Colleges, Engineering Colleges, 9 Degree Colleges havingaffiliation from Agra University, Management Institutes, Computer institutes,

Polytechnics, Inter colleges (CBSE), Inter Colleges (UP Board), Central School andIndustrial Training Institutes. Besides there are many private institutes that providetraining in professional courses.

2.5.2 Health Services

These include medical College which is providing medical facilities, 1 districthospital, and 127 private hospitals, about 101 government hospitals, 13 dispensaries,1 maternity hospital medical offices in the city, 5 child health care centers, 123nursing homes and several private clinics. Besides these, there are hospitals forarmed forces in the cantonment area, for police personnel in police lines and forrailway staff in railway lines. Majority of the medical services are provided byprivate establishments. About 75-80% of the hospitals are registered with DuttaEnterprises for collection and disposal of the waste.

2.5.3 Fire Fighting Services

For Agra city there is 1 firefighting station. By 2021 one more firefighting stationwill be required.

2.5.4 Communication Services

Agra City has an extensive communication/telecommunication networks involvingboth private and public sector as key service providers. The communication facilitiesare readily available in the private and public sector in Agra city. In the privatesector along with courier services there are 75 Sub Post Offices. Besides theTelecommunication Department, the private sector is involved in providingtelecommunication services connecting Agra city areas surrounding the city and faroff rural areas through STD, ISD and mobile networks.

2.6 Financial Status of Agra Nagar Nigam

The cash flow statement for the 2 year period ended March 31, 2006 for NNA has



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Total Sources 54.1 74.1

USES OF FUNDS

1. General admin. & collection charges 10.1 10.52. Lighting establishment 0.6 1.2

3. Cleaning -Salaries 22.3 24.8

-Equipment 3.2 3.3

4. Others 13.3 15.2

5. Public works 0.5 1.4

Total Uses 50.0 56.4

2.6.1 Sources of funds

During the year ended March 31, 2006, the income of Rs 7.6 crores from rates andtaxes comprised mainly of house tax (Rs 4.6 crores), advertisement tax (Rs 0.7crores), share of stamp tax (Rs 0.9 crores), electricity department (Rs 1.1 crores) andothers (Rs 0.3 crores).

During the year ended March 31, 2006, the income from municipal revenue (otherthan taxes) of Rs 17.8 crores comprised mainly of rental of shops (Rs 0.8 crores),market fees (Rs 0.5 crores), slaughter house (Rs 1.2 crores), Agra DevelopmentAuthority (Rs 1.3 crores), Jal Nigam (Rs 4.5 crores), Housing Development Authority(Rs 7.2 crores) and others (Rs 2.3 crores).

Thus the resources NNA raises from rate and taxes and other user charges are low.The prime source of fund is from the grants it receives from the State FinanceCommission (Rs 45.8 crores), Eleventh Finance Commission (Rs 2.1 crores) andothers sources (Rs 0.8 crores).

2.6.2 Uses of funds

From Table 2.7, it can be summarized that the main expenditure for NNA is on theestablishment to collect rates and taxes (Rs 10.5 crores), cleanliness/sanitationincluding SWM (Rs 28.1 crores), others (Rs 15.2 crores) and public works (Rs 1.4crores)



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2.7 Administrative Setup for MSW Management

The main organization which is responsible for urban governance and civicmanagement is the Agra Nagar Nigam. The corporation has a democratically electedleadership from the constituencies within the geographic jurisdiction of thecorporation boundaries. The present Corporation has been elected in the month ofNovember, 2006 and has a jurisdiction of the corporation boundaries.

Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Adhiniyam, 1959 and its amendments governthe functioning of Agra Nagar Nigam (NNA). Under this cleanliness and sanitationis one of the main responsibilities of NNA.

The Municipal Commissioner is the highest executive head of the Agra NagarNigam. The Health (Swasthya Vibhag) and Engineering (Nirman Vibhag)departments are the two executive departments responsible for implementation of

the SWM plan and civil infrastructure in the town, respectively. The Healthdepartment is involved in planning and management of the SWM activities and inproviding sanitary facilities to the residents of Agra. The Engineering departmentworks in coordination with the Health department and undertakes civil andinfrastructure development activities for the city. The Nagar Swasth Adhikari andthe Executive Engineer are the senior officers of the Health and Engineeringdepartments respectively, who report to the Municipal Comissioner. The

administrative charts for each of these governing bodies are shown in Figure 2.3. TheNagar Nigam is divided into 90 election wards which are further divided into 19Sanitary wards being headed by sanitary inspectors. The sanitary inspector isresponsible for managing the fleet routes, collection procedure, allocating diesel tovehicles, street sweeping and de-lineation of responsibility of the supervisors andsafaikaramcharis.



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Fig: 2.3 Organizational Structure of the Agra Nagar Nigam

Municipal Commissioner

Chief Health Officer (1)

Senior Health Officer (1)

Additional Health Officer

(1)

Chief Sanitary Inspector (2)

Sanitary Inspector (16)

Sanitary Supervisors

(16)

Workers (2215)

Drivers (90)



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CHAPTER 3 STATUS OF EXISTING SWM SYSTEM

This chapter discusses the existing SWM practices in Agra city. The various sourcesof waste generation, the current primary and secondary waste collection practices,waste transportation and disposal mechanisms, and gaps in the existing SWMsystem are identified in this chapter.

Further, the solid waste generated from various sources is quantified andcharacterized in terms of the constituents of solid waste.

The information provided in this chapter was furnished from discussions held withthe NNA, local residents and site investigations and detailed survey performed bythe project team.

3.1 Waste Generation

Various estimates for waste generation are used in Agra because no detailed surveyhas been carried out in the past to measure the waste generation. The generationcharacteristics are strongly influenced by climatic and seasonal variation due totourist arrivals and festivals, the economy of the region, the physical characteristicsof the city and social and religious customs of the city

This section describes the various sources of waste generation in Agra city, and

existing waste handling and management methods at the source. The primarysource of waste generation in Agra city are the local households, markets andcommercial establishments such as hotels, restaurants, shops etc. Due tomismanagement and unavailability of separate handling facilities, Waste fromindustrial establishment, Hospitals and nursing homes, slaughter houses, streetsweeping and sanitary drains etc. also contributes to MSW. As lot of demolition ofold structures and reconstruction works are taking place, construction and

demolition waste is significant. Agra is famous for Petha sweets and petha makingproduces substantial quantity of organic waste. Dairy waste also contributes to citywaste generation. Apart from this there is a huge generation of leather and rubbertrimming from small Footwear units spread in the city which adds up major portionto Municipal solid waste.



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3.1.1 Approach Adopted for Estimation of Waste Generation

After elaborate discussions and understanding the ground realities, The Project teamprepared series of information sheets (Questionnaires) (Annexure V) so as to assessthe key issues/ problem areas at macro level. RCUES deputed a team for nearly fourweeks for assessment of the prevailing conditions of MSW Management rangingfrom waste generation from households, commercial establishments viz. Petha andFootwear units, hospitals & nursing homes, industrial establishments etc. toquantification, collection, transportation and ultimate disposal.

The waste generated in the various parts of the city reaches the open dumps anddustbins that are located in each part of the city. The focus of waste estimation hasbeen to study the amount and characteristic of waste being collected at thesecollection points. The Project team has undergone comprehensive survey of theselocations that includes a detailed inventory to arrive at the per-capita wastegeneration of the city.

To collaborate the findings at waste collection points, quantity and compositionestimation has been done at the point of waste generation i.e. residential, commercialviz. Petha & Footwear units & industrial establishments, hospitals and nursinghomes, hotels and restaurants, slaughter houses, street sweeping, sanitary drains,and construction and demolition sites. These estimates were used as a base to arriveat the total waste or per capita waste generation trends for major sources.

The survey was followed by waste characterization (physical & chemical) byquartering method. The characterization has been done by M/s SGS India Pvt. Ltd. ,Gurgaon. This result is supported by survey done at the household level, hospitals,hotels etc.

A seven days consecutive survey of existing landfill site which includes weighing ata Weigh Bridge of transportation fleet reaching the site, was also carried out so as toassess the present waste disposal practices with an objective to ascertain overallwaste collection efficiency in Agra city. Waste collection and transportation fleetmanagement system was studied; fleet maintenance measures and route plans ofwaste transportation system were traced and are shown in Drawing No.-


3 2 b i ll d O d bi


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3.1.2 Waste being collected at Open Dumps and Dustbins

Primary survey at secondary collection point i.e., Dhallao or open dumps sites anddustbins have been selected and detailed surveys have been carried out by the Thesurvey team, the site photographs are enclosed as Annexure VI for ready reference.These points are also marked on the map of the city DRG No. O:3146/Agra/02& 03.

As per NNA official reported there were 561 secondary collection points whichincludes 200 Open dumps/ Dhallao and 361 Dumper placer locations. However TheProject Team had observed only 325 secondary collection points across the existing90 election wards. In total detailed survey was carried out at 9 Dhallao, 200 opendump sites and 116 dumper container (out of 361 dumper container reported). Theproject team also observed that around 90 dumper container out of 116 surveyedare in good condition. According to NNA, 60 new dumper containers are alsopurchased under Twelfth Finance Commission Grant.Direct assessment of wastecollection is done at each such location in a prescribed format by survey team.For ready reference Table 3.1 given below summarizes the results of some of thelocations.

Table 3.1: Calculation of Waste Collection at Secondary Collection Points.

(In MT/ Day)

ID ofOpendump/Dhalao/Dustbin

LocationWasteCollected

Type of Waste

Biodegradable

Recyclable

Inertwaste

Construction

debris&waste

DB 103

Naval Ganj

Digamber JainMandir 0.50 0.24 0.08 0.15 0.03

DB 41 Saket Colony 6.60 0.83 0.35 5.15 0.30

OD 95 Mati Katra 3.90 1.62 0.31 0.45 1.50

OD 96 Bhivab Nagar 4.30 1.90 1.58 0.05 0.80


3 1 3 W t R hi th E i ti D i /T hi Sit


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3.1.3 Waste Reaching the Existing Dumping/Trenching Site

The existing trenching site is located at Shadahra on Delhi- Tundla Bye pass Road.Waste transportation vehicles dispose waste at this authorized site from all over thecity collected at the points designated by Nagar Nigam. With the purpose ofestimating the current efficiency of total waste transportation from the city, the sitewas physically observed by the The Survey team from 6:00AM in the morning to&:00 PM in the evening for seven consecutive days .Each and every vehicle reachingthe site were noted in a log book and weighed for tare and load weight andestimation of quantity is arrived thereafter. Sample weigh slips are attached asAnnexure-VII. The survey estimated that approximately 536 MT/Day waste iscollected by the transportation fleet. Thus the present efficiency of waste lifting todisposal site works out to be 75.5% of total waste collection at secondary collectionpoints.

3.1.4 Residential and Commercial Establishments

The major portion of residents belonging to the residential establishments dumptheir household waste outside their homes and in some cases in dustbin (ifavailable), or on the streets (open dumps) or in the drains running in front of thehouse. The karamcharis/operators collect waste from the various lanes and drainsdump it in the vacant plots or in the open dumps. As of now, no charges are leviedon households for collection of MSW by NNA. Private Operators is active in smallway in MIG and HIG areas. They lift waste daily from door to door at monthlycharge of Rs. 20 to Rs. 50. This waste is transported to the secondary waste collectioncenters (Refer Section 3.2.1) by Rickshaw trolley.

An exhaustive survey of the 500 residential establishments was carried out for aweek in order to assess the collection and transportation system at source and percapita waste quantity generated. The photographs and details of the survey issummarized in Annexure VIII .The survey includes residents from EconomicallyWeaker Section (EWS), Low Income Groups (LIG), Middle Income Groups (MIG)and High Income Groups (HIG) . These groups have been characterized as per livingstandards, family size, main occupation, housing typology, solid waste disposalpractice prevalent in Agra city. The per capita waste generation for each of the


However these establishments are scattered in all wards and also the waste


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However, these establishments are scattered in all wards and also the wastegenerated differs on a daily basis. Further, the per capita value obtained for differentgroups does not include street sweeping, drain silt and construction debris. Singlebin system, with/without segregation is prevalent and the use of polythene forwaste disposal was also found to be in vogue.Household survey indicates a higher percentage of bio degradable waste, as most ofthe waste here is fresh kitchen waste. The awareness of the people to recoverrecyclables is high which is sold to the kabadiwallas.

As per Master plan -2021, the various segment of household stock and their share ofthe total housing demand are EWS-40%, LIG- 30%, MIG- 20%, HIG- 10%respectively. As per census 2001, the total no of household (HH) in the was 209997. Ifthis ratio of HIG/MIG/LIG/EWS is used, which is in line with the slum populationin Agra and RCUESs estimate, the weighted average house hold waste generationcomes to 246 gms/person/day.

Average per capita Generation,gms/ day

=

(%EWS* EWS percapita generation+%LIG*LIG percapita generation +%MIG *MIG

percapita generation + %HIG* HIGpercapita generation)

Table 3.3: Waste generation in Household

Category Percentage

Totalpopulation

2006 Total Generation MT/ Day

HIG 10% 142662 52

MIG 20% 285323 87

LIG 30% 427985 93

EWS 40% 570647 120

TOTAL 100% 1426617 352

Based on the above analysis the residential/household accounts for about 352MT/Day of total waste generation in the city.


when they are cleaned Safai karamcharies clean market places and throw the waste


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when they are cleaned. Safai karamcharies clean market places and throw the wastein the nearby open dumps. The commercial establishments are not charged formarket sweeping, collection, and disposal at the nearby secondary collection points.

The Project team conducted detailed survey of major commercial complexes.summarized below in Table 3.4:

Table 3.4: Waste from Commercial establishment

Commercial Complex No. ofshops

Quantity of waste Generation in kgs/ day

Biodegradable Recyclable Inert Total

Laxmi Market, Besidesshahganj chaurah 25 20 25 50 95

Gaurav Complex, BhagwanTalkies Chaurah 21 30 15 10 55

Sky Tower, Sanjay Palace 500 100 100 300 500

Baptist Church Complex,Pratap pur, Civil lines 20 15 20 35 70

Shivaji Market Complex,Bijlighar Chauraha 80 25 40 50 115

Emporium, Block No-13 7 10 10 20 40

Nath Complex 40 20 30 40 90

Garg Complex, Nai ki mandi 25 25 30 50 105

Drid-ve-Complex, DayalBagh Road 25 12 15 25 52

Anna Complex, BhagirathiMarg 20 10 15 25 50

Total 763 267 300 605 1172

Percentage 23% 26% 52% 100%

From the survey the per unit generation works out to be 1.54 kgs/unit/day.Asreported in City Development Plan and NNA, there are more than 50000 shops &commercial establishment registered at Nagar Nigam. At this rate the total wastecontributed by commercial establishment to MSW is 77 MT/ Day approximately.


gopal pura Nand pura Devi road Mohan pura Budhvihar Tila Nand Ram Kajipara


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gopal pura,Nand pura ,Devi road, Mohan pura, Budhvihar,Tila Nand Ram,Kajiparaand many other places. Waste from Large leather and Rubber industry is notprominent but job works done by individuals for larger establishment which aremainly done at cottage level does not practice recycling rather throw waste in openareas or nallahs. It was also observed that accumulated waste at open dump ordustbins was burnt in order to reduce the volume when it remains unattended forseveral days. The total leather and rubber waste estimated at secondary collectionpoint is approximately 60 MT/ Day.

The pictures below depict the present situation due to waste generation from such

units.

Weekly Leather Market run on Bigligharto Baluganj Road side.

Leather Waste is burnt after Dumping itinto Nallah

Sewer water flowing on the Leathermarket Road due to choking.

Drain silt containing huge quantity ofLeather and Rubber waste.


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Waste Quantity


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Name ofHospital/

Nursing Home

LocationNo.of

Beds

AverageOccupancy

per day

Waste Quantity(kgs/bed/day

SolidWaste

Bio-medicalWaste

Total

Jai DeepHospital &Maternity

Center

Near Sayad Phase2 TransYumuna

10 6 5 4 9

Ram TejHospital

184/6 C,Vidhya Nagar road,Agra

20 10 25 20 45

Amit JaggiMemorialHospital

Vidhya nagar, Agra 15 7 15 10 25

Dr. Arti ManojHospital

Vidhya nagar, Agra 20 10 20 12 32

VishwaniHospital

E-41, near Kamla NagarPetrol pump, Agra

12 7 5 4 9

Janak Raden

HospitalE-35, Kamla Nagar, Agra 10 7 3 3 6

SanjeevaniHospital

E-8, kamla Nagar 7 10 7 5 12

Shakya Nursing& Maternity

home

14/9, Saket Colony road,Agra

9 5 5 4 9

Agarwal healthCare center

G-35, Kamla Nagar, by pass,Agra

16 6 12 10 22

Shyam LalNursing Home

E-19, Kamla Nagar by passroad, Agra

12 10 7 5 12

ShiwamNursing Home

H-64, Kamla Nagar by passroad, Agra

8 6 4 3 7

City Hospital City Hospital 112 60 50 30 80

Iswar DeviMemorial

Hospital

Rajpur, Agra 22 10 5 3 8

Sukal NursingHome

31/1E, Partappur, Agra 5 3 1 1 2

Public CareHospital

Rajpur Sahid Nagar 5 4 3 2 5


Waste Quantity


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Name ofHospital/

Nursing Home

LocationNo.of

Beds

AverageOccupancy

per day

Q y(kgs/bed/day

SolidWaste

Bio-medicalWaste

Total

Hospital

KapurOrthopadetic

Center

1, Shahid NagarShamshabad, Agra

20 10 7 4 11

ECG Alert CardAgra Medical & Research

Center23 15 2 3 5

Kailash KantHospital &Maternity

Home

5, Shahid Nagar, Agra 10 10 5 3 8

Metro Shahid Nagar, Crossing 50 20 4 1 5

HareniyaMoniyala

4, Shahid Nagar, Policestation, Agra

5 2 5 3 8

ShubhamHospital

Ashah TV Tower,Firozabad, Agra

10 10 6 4 10

R K Hospital54, New Jagdish Colony,

Agra5 1 15 5 20

Dr.VikashBansal

1/178 A, Bagh FarjanaNaval Kishor Nursing

6 4 2 1 3

Dr. KamleshTandan

Nursing Home4/48 Lajpat Nagar, Agra 9 2 2 1 3

Verma NursingHome

4/6, Ram Babu Civil Lines 5 3 5 3 8

Dr. HarshHospital

1/198, Civil lines 10 3 2 1 3

Santi Hospital 102, Rajeev Nagar 10 4 3 4 7

Shidharth1/115/1,Gulabray Market &

Research Center10 5 5 2 7

Jai Devi

Hospital Delhi Gate, Agra 50 20 15 5 20Ayushman

HospitalNear Chandera khadri,

Agra7 4 4 1 5

Ram RaghuH it l

Opposite Sanjay ComplexRaghunath Nagar Church 110 50 25 7 32


as well as quantity of waste generation. As per the survey, charges vary from Rs.


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500-2500/- per month in Agra city.

The Project team noted the BMW is stored in the twin bins; however, colour schemes are notuniform and vary from hospital to hospital.

3.1.7 Hotels/Restaurants/Banquet Hall

A summary of number of eating joints/ hotels identified in Agra city is provided inTable 3.5 The waste from these establishments mostly includes left-over food, and

disposable crockery. Workers of these establishments dump the wastes at nearbycontainer/ open dump from where the same is transported to designated dumpsiteby Nagar Nigam workers. An estimate of the total waste generated in metric tonsper day (MT/day) from hotels, restaurants, guest houses, marriage halls, and dhabasis presented in Table 3.6

Table 3.6: Number of Hotels/ Restaurants/ Banquet Halls in Agra City

Hotels/ Restaurants Nos.Waste Generated(Approx.)

(Kg/unit/day)Waste Generated

(MT/day)

Hotels 153 58 9

Restaurants 700 30 21

Banquet Halls 88 50 4.4

Source: Agra Nagar Nigam and field survey

The waste generated from each type of establishment in Table 3.6 has beenestimated as per the surveys done for hotels, restaurants and banquet halls. Thesurvey results are given below:

Table 3.7 : Waste from Hotels

Sl. No. Name of Hotel Location

Capacityof Hotel(no. ofroom)

Quantityof wasteper day

(kg)

1 Rajender Prasad Mahatma sidh road, Agra 145 140


Capacityf H t l

Quantityf t


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Sl. No. Name of Hotel Locationof Hotel(no. of

room)

of wasteper day

(kg)13

Hotel Bengal LodgeRestaurant

30/28 Kachri Raod, RakabganjChipitala

17 48

14 Jhangir Hotel Taj Ganj, Agra 10 32

15Hotel Roof-Top

RestaurantFatehabad Road Tajganj, Agra 12 40

16 Hotel Gopal Near Kailash Cinema 15 40

17 Hotel Deepak Fatehpur, Agra 10 40

18 Hotel Semi Softel Delux Delhi Gate, Agra 15 3219 Capri Restaurant Delhi Gate, Agra 20 100

20 Shilaza Delhi Gate, Near Raja Mandir 32 40

21 Ashoka Guest House Delhi Gate, Agra 9 40

22 Amba INN 1/15, Delhi Raja Mandli Raod, Agra 25 40

23 Goverdhan Hotel Delhi Gate, Agra 35 100

24 Taj Delux 61, Baluganj, Agra 12 8

25 Hotel Zee Near Taj View Fahtehpur, Agra 30 120

26 Sanjay Lodge Block E 21, Near Petrol PumpKamla Nagar, Agra 12 20

27 Ashoka Guest House 4/17A, Baluganj, Agra 14 120

28 Pall Hotel1/42/-A/12, Delhi Gate ka Mandir,

Agra25 24

29 Hotel Rangal Trivent Market Chakki road, Agra 20 40

30 Hotel Sadari Shaheed Nagar, Shamsabad, Agra 25 80

21 Amar Yatri Niwash Fatehpur road, Agra 41 80

32 Hotel Sagar Near Kamlesh Cinema Fatehpur,Agra 12 40

33 Hotel Paradish Fatehpur, Agra 15 40

34 Shri Dauji D501, Kamla Nagar, Agra 15 48

35 The Calcutta Hotel Chhipitala 15 28

36 Hotel Shree Ram 24/5, Biili Ghar Bus Stand, Chipla 12 20

37 Hotel Solitaire Haririt crossing MG road, Agra 20 12

38 Hotel Taj Complex Crossing Saket Colony, Shahganj 8 12

39 Hotel Maya Purana Mandir Fatehpur road,Agra 12 60

Total 2288

Waste generation per unit =2288/39= 58 kgs/unit/day


Table 3.8 : Waste from Restaurants


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Sl.No.

Name of Restaurent LocationCapacity ofRestaurant

AverageOccupancy per

day

Quantity

ofWastage(per day)

(KG)

1 Morya RestaurantsHari Parwant Chauraha,

Agra40 100 50

2Raj Sweet &Restaurant

Dewari road near, Agra 44 150 60

3 Sahil Restaurant near Heera Cinema Hall,Agra 50 100 40

4 Nilam RestaurantNear RamLila ground,

Agra30 100 30

5 Sweet Corner Balkeshwer 40 100 40

6 Kamal Restaurant Kedar Nagar, Agra 70 200 75

7 Rasmi Restaurant Trans Yamuna, Agra 60 100 40

8 Taj Restaurant Trans Yamuna, Agra 50 100 25

9 Hotal New TajRestaurant Lomomander 40 50 20

10 Chand redturent Khatic Restaurant 40 50 25

11Mushkan

RestaurantShahab near Petrol pump 45 50 30

12ParryasonRestaurant

1/44 Shop no.2, Delhigate, Agra

20 35 8

13 AnjanRestaurantCrossing veiw, Fatehabad,

Agra40 20 8

14 Pizza Corner Pizza corner, Sadar bazar 30 45 12

15New QualityRestaurant

kailash cinema, Fatehpur,Agra

40 50 10

16ShivakashRestaurant

Lalsag, Fuisag JasariaEnclave Hospital

25 35 12

17 Indra Restaurant Behind Halal, Agra 50 80 20

18 Divya villas 18/159, Prakash Tourist 32 100 70

19 Ajanta Restaurant F339, Kamla Nagar Agra 25 40 20

20Devi Ram

Restaurant3/19 Pratappura, Agra 15 25 8

21LakhshmiRestaurant

50/ A, Taj road Sadarbazar

25 35 30

Radhiyaka E 25/2 Taj road Sadar


AverageQuantity

of


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Sl.No.

Name of Restaurent LocationCapacity ofRestaurant

AverageOccupancy per

day

ofWastage

(per day)(KG)

30 Shikhar Restaurant Maheshpur Colony, Agra 20 40 15

31Raj dabrarRestaurant

26 New Edge Colony 10 25 10

32 Raja Restaurant Near Jamamaijd, Agra 25 60 20

33 Priya Restaurant Badlka road, Shahganj 15 30 15

34 Dusa prakash Jadoir road, Agra 30 100 30

35 Homily Restaurant Uglham Complex, Agra 25 35 1836

AchamanRestaurant

86 bypass, Agra 25 35 15

37 Pachyat Restaurant Suraj Palace, Agra 35 50 20

38 Narram Restaurant Vaishya bazaar, Agra 35 45 20

39 Achur Restaurant Sanjay Palace, Agra 25 45 15

40 Vishal RestaurantOpposite to Bhagwan

Takij15 40 15

41 New BhaganwtiRestaurant MG road, Bhageram 20 35 15

Total Waste 1231

Waste generation per unit= 1231/41=30 kgs/unit/ day

The total of 41 Restaurant summarized in Table 3.8 was surveyed for quantificationof waste generated from these establishments. These establishments mainlycontribute organic waste. Based on the field assessment, it is estimated that the

average generation rate in Restaurants is 30kgs/unit/ day and total waste generatedworks out to be 21 MT/ Day

Table 3.9: Waste generation from Banquets hall.

S.No.

Banquet Hall LocationKgs/day

(PeakSeason)

Kgs/day(Slack

Season)

AverageKgs/day

1Shri Jee Banquet

HallE-25/ Vimal Complex, Kamala

Nagar 60 20 33

2 Taj ComplexCrossing Saket colony, Shah ganj

Chaurah30 20 23

3 Hotel Park ViewTourist Complex, Fathehabad

Road80 50 59


The total of 12 Restaurant summarized in Table 3 9 was surveyed for quantification


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The total of 12 Restaurant summarized in Table 3.9 was surveyed for quantificationof waste generation Banquet hall/ Marriage hall. Assuming that function hall gets

peak occupation during November to February and on other months occupancy ratecomes down as only few marriages are conducted in these months, Waste generationin peak season and Slack season is estimated from field survey is 70kgs/unit/dayand 40 kgs/unit/day respectively. The weighted average works out to be 50kgs/unit/day. The waste mainly contributes organic waste. At this generation rate,the total waste generation is estimated at 4.4 MT/ Day

3.1.8 Slaughter Houses

There is one authorized slaughter house located at Chalesar, Kuber pur inJamunapar Sanitary ward. The field team brought out during survey thatapproximately 1200 animals (calves and buffaloes) are butchered every day in thepeak season and 300 animals are butchered per day during the rainy season in theauthorized slaughter house. The team also noted many other unauthorized location

exist in Kajipara, Mantola, Sayedpara, Rawatpara, Mundapara, Khatipara etc(specified in Drawing No.-O: 3146/ Agra/04). About 100 animals (calves andbuffaloes) on an average in each of this unauthorized location. It was found that theslaughtering of small animals mainly lamb/goat/chicken is done at individualhomes/ meat shops and the generated waste is disposed off in dustbins or opendump sites.The waste from slaughter houses (skin, horns, and bones) is sold to processing or

recycling units, from where it is exported. The remain

report on solid waste management agra

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