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Report on the Seventh Annual Government of Rwanda and
Development Partners Meeting
“Stimulating Growth and Poverty Reduction Through Strong Partnerships and Sound Economic Governance”
25TH to 26th November 2007 – Serena Hotel, Kigali
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ABOUT THIS REPORT The Government of Rwanda and Development Partners Meeting is an annual event, bringing together high-level representatives of the Government and its Development Partners, and providing them with a forum in which to discuss progress, challenges and opportunities in Rwanda’s development. The 2007 Meeting was held in Kigali from 25th to 26th November. This year’s Meeting adopted the theme “Stimulating Growth and Poverty Reduction Through Strong Partnerships and Sound Economic Governance”, focusing on the principle objectives of the Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy. This document takes the form of a summary of proceedings, designed to be easily digestible for the reader. Key speeches and some supporting materials are provided as appendices. Further information on the DPM and other Government – Development partner activities in Rwanda can be obtained from: External Finance Unit Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning PO Box 158 Kigali, Rwanda Tel: +250 (0) 577994 Fax: +250 (0) 577581 http://www.minecofin.gov.rw Aid Coordination Unit Office of the UN Resident Coordinator PO Box 445 Kigali, Rwanda http://www.devpartners.gov.rw
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CONTENTS
ABOUT THIS REPORT - 1 -
ACRONYMS - 3 -
DAY ONE – PROCEEDINGS OF THE MEETING - 5 -
OPENING SESSION - 5 - SESSION 2 - 8 - SESSION 3 - 12 - SESSION 3 CONT. - 15 -
DAY TWO – PROCEEDINGS OF THE MEETING 19
SESSION 4 - 19 - SESSION 5 - 21 - DEVELOPMENT PARTNER STATEMENTS - 25 - ADOPTION OF FINAL COMMUNIQUÉ AND CLOSING SESSION - 30 -
APPENDIX 1: FINAL AGENDA - 32 -
APPENDIX 2: FINAL COMMUNIQUÉ - 34 -
APPENDIX 3: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS - 39 -
Please note that presentations, speeches and Development Partner statements can be downloaded from the Development Partners website :
http://www.devpartners.gov.rw
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ACRONYMS ACHA Aid Coordination, Harmonization and Alignment AfDB African Development Bank BDS Business Development Services BNR National Bank of Rwanda CAADP Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme CAS Country Assistance Strategy CET Common External Tariff CCOAIB Conseil de Concertation des Organisations d’Appui aux initiatives de Bases COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa CPAF Common Performance Assessment Framework DfID Department for International Development, United Kingdom DIP Decentralization Implementation Plan DPM Government of Rwanda and Development Partners Meeting EAC East African Community EDPRS Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy GDP Gross Domestic Product GoR Government of Rwanda HIDA Human Resource and Institutional Capacity Development Agency HIPC Highly Indebted Poor Country Initiative ICT Information and Communication Technology ICTR International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IMF International Monetary Fund MDG Millennium Development Goal MDRI Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MIFOTRA Ministry Public Service, Skills Development and Labour MINAFFET Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation MINAGRI Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock MINALOC Ministry of Local Government, Good Governance, Community Development and Social Affairs MINECOFIN Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning MINICOM Ministry of Commerce MINIJUST Ministry of Justice MININFRA Ministry of Infrastructure MINITERE Ministry of Lands, Environment, Forestry, Water and Natural Resources MIS Management Information Systems MTEF Medium-Term Expenditure Framework NGO Non-governmental Organization NTB Non-Tariff Barrier NISR Rwandan National Institute of Statistics ODA Official Development Assistance PEFA Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability Assessment PFM Public Financial Management PSTA Strategic Plan for Agricultural Transformation RADA Rwanda Agricultural Development Agency RDSF Rural Decentralization Strategic Framework RIEPA Rwanda Investment and Export Promotion Agency RPSF Rwanda Private Sector Federation RRA Rwanda Revenue Authority RwF Rwandan Franc SMEs Small and Medium Enterprises SWAp Sector-Wide Approach SWG Sector Working Group TIG Travaux d’Intérêt Général TICAD Tokyo International Conference on African Development TVET Technical and Vocational Education and Training UN United Nations UNCT United Nations Country Team UNRC United Nations Resident Coordinator YES Youth Employment Summit
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
□ Over 450 delegates attended the opening of this year’s DPM, representing the Government of Rwanda, Development Partners, local and international NGOs, faith-based organizations, the press, and the private sector.
□ In his Keynote Speech, His Excellency the President of the Republic of
Rwanda, Paul Kagame emphasized the role of the private sector and improved infrastructure as necessary to reach the growth and broad-based poverty reduction goals set out in Vision 2020 and the MDGs. He reminded participants that the purpose of aid is to no longer require it.
□ The Government launched its 2007 Millennium Development Goals Report
which highlighted progress and challenges in each of the indicators. Particularly noteworthy were the achievements in gender equality and women’s empowerment and improvements in indiactors for infant, child and maternal mortality. Furthermore, participants noted advances in other areas of human development, such as life expectancy that are not monitored under the MDG framework.
□ The Government unveiled its Economic Development and Poverty Reduction
Strategy developed through an extensive 18-month consultation, led at a high-level by the GoR and involving all major stakeholders in 19 sector working and cross-cutting issues groups. The EDPRS consists of three flagship programmes: Growth for Jobs and Exports, Vision 2020-Umurenge for extreme poverty reduction and Governance, which underpins progress on both of these.
□ Participants commended the Government on overall macroeconomic
performance. Led by services and industrial sectors, Rwanda continued to maintain strong economic growth, while agriculture suffered from an adverse supply shock. There is a continued need to support the development of the agriculture sector, monitor inflation closely, expand revenue and promote growth of the export base.
□ Participants agreed that sustained growth is a necessary condition for the
reduction of poverty. The Government presented on EDPRS priority sectors which are geared towards employment creation, export promotion, agriculture, infrastructure, and private sector development. All participants welcomed this focus on the productive sectors and several stakeholders will participate in a constraints-to-growth study that will be followed by an intense prioritization of policies and a vigorous reform agenda to ensure continued growth and its sustainability.
□ Participants applauded the Government of Rwanda on its accession to the
East African Community. Participants pledged continued support in maximizing the benefits as well as anticipating and mitigating the challenges posed from regional integration. They, further, recognized the need to look beyond immediate fiscal implications and look to intangible and medium-term impacts of regional integration.
□ Participants noted with satisfaction ongoing reforms in PFM and governance.
The implementation of the decentralization policy has begun and a framework has been developed to enhance service delivery, improve cross-sectoral coordination and accountability. The GoR then outlined a number of steps to continue improving the justice system and prepare for the successful phase out of the Gacaca courts.
□ Many Development Partners eagerly demonstrated their willingness to
harmonize practices during the Meeting. European Union member states and the European Commission issued joint statements and responses throughout the DPM and the One UN Programme was signed during the conference.
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DAY ONE – PROCEEDINGS OF THE MEETING
Opening Session The Opening Session of this year’s Government of Rwanda and Development Partners Meeting was attended by over 400 delegates, representing the government, members of the diplomatic corps, bilateral and multilateral aid agencies, international and local NGOs, faith-based organizations, the press, and Rwanda’s private sector.
The Meeting was chaired by the Honourable James Musoni, Minister of Finance and Economic Planning, with development partners as co-chairs.
The Honourable Minister of Finance and Economic Planning, Mr. James Musoni, welcomed participants to the Meeting and delivered an opening address, in which he reviewed the Government’s accomplishments during the course of 2007 and reminded Development Partners of the continued need for improvements in aid coordination, harmonization, and alignment (ACHA).
Mr. Musoni thanked new Budget Support donors, Belgium, Germany, and the Netherlands, for delivering ODA in accordance with the GoR Aid Policy. Further, he went on to thank and congratulate the UN on the One UN reform initiative. He stated that for its part, the GoR is committed to using external financial resources effectively and efficiently.
He concluded with a request to donors to participate in the upcoming GoR-led initiative to examine the potential for better use of donor comparative advantage for improved implementation of the EDPRS.
Mr. Moustapha Soumaré, Resident Coordinator of the United Nations in
Rwanda delivered an opening address on behalf of Development Partners. He began by thanking the Government for its continued support for and belief in strong dialogue with all stakeholders. Further, he admitted to being inspired by President Kagame’s determination to steer Rwanda forward both socially and economically.
Development Partners expressed their satisfaction with the EDPRS and went on to congratulate the Government on the finalization of the EDPRS, asserting that the document is something that Rwandans can be truly proud of. However, Development Partners reminded participants that planning must be followed by implementation.
Development Partners continued by reviewing progress and challenges during the last year and expressed numerous viewpoints on how the Government and Development Partners could improve. This led into a discussion on the volume and effectiveness of development assistance provided by Partners, who suggested that the EDPRS would provide a comprehensive framework for improved targeting of assistance.
The Resident Coordinator then briefly mentioned the One UN reform agenda, commenting that Rwanda’s strong leadership and example would assist the UN in Rwanda to overcome remaining hurdles.
The Resident Coordinator concluded by requesting participants to keep in mind the importance of prioritizing joint actions and of fortifying progress in governance, participation and the effectiveness of international assistance.
The Honourable Minister for International Development of the United Kingdom, Lady Shriti Vadera,
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delivered an opening address to participants. In her speech, she remarked that Rwanda has made considerable progress since 1994 and now has the second highest growth rate in Africa, strong fiscal revenue and a positive track record in human development. She went on to share with participants her belief in the importance of growth and the need for private sector development and an expansion of the export base to accelerate and sustain the high growth rates Rwanda has experienced during reconstruction. The other primary challenge to Rwanda, according to the Honourable Minister, will be to ensure that such growth is increasingly beneficial to the poor.
To face these challenges, she proposed a three-stage process. Firstly, she recommended a review of the status quo in the form of a study led by Government but supported by DfID, AfDB, the World Bank and a challenge group of high level academics, GoR officials, and donor representatives that would examine the constraints to growth in Rwanda. The next step would be to prioritize a list of actions to remove these constraints, and finally to incorporate these actions into the 2009 GoR budget, MTEF, and donors’ CAS.
To conclude, she emphasized the crucial role of economic growth to reduce poverty, while reaffirming DfIDs commitment to the Millennium Development Goals.
His Excellency Paul Kagame, President of the Republic of Rwanda, delivered a keynote speech to the audience, officially opening the conference. He began his speech by pointing out that the theme of the conference was ‘deliberate and important for us in Rwanda’, because growth and broad-based poverty reduction are Rwanda’s primary objectives.
The President went on to discuss the problem of income inequality in Rwanda, stating that lack of income is the problem for Rwandans rather than a failure of redistribution. At this point he identified several areas of particular importance for the reduction of income inequality and acceleration of growth: the need to add value and improve productivity in agriculture, as the majority of Rwandans ‘toil daily’ in this sector; the expansion of domestic, regional, and international transportation linkages for export promotion; the need to strengthen the financial sector and address the skills gap that currently constrain entrepreneurship.
The President then stated that the DPM provides an effective platform for discussing the EDPRS and MDG report and assessing generally where we stand and what work lies ahead. He concluded by expressing his intention that at the end of the DPM, all stakeholders would have an understanding of their respective roles.
Session 1 Launch of EDPRS and MDG Report
The Director General of the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR), Dr. Louis Munyakazi, launched the 2007 Millennium Development Goals Report and presented the findings. The findings were summarized as indicating that good progress is being made against Rwanda’s development priorities, though progress has been stronger in social than productive areas. He went on to discuss specific indicators: Income poverty has consistently fallen over the period, but the target to halve poverty in Rwanda by 2015 is unlikely to be met. Similarly, child malnutrition figures have improved, though the target will likely be just missed. Food security on the other hand is more likely to be met.
A major success story will be the achievement of universal primary
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education by 2015 together with gender equity in primary enrollment, which has already been realized. Rwanda is also well on the way to 50% of parliamentary seats held by women.
Dr. Munyakazi then described the performance in the health sector as impressive. Maternal and infant mortality rates have experienced strong progress since 2000 suggesting that targets may be met. In addition, HIV prevalence rates have reduced as a result of more widespread use of modern contraception and there is a decline in recorded malaria-related mortality.
Existing data demonstrates that biological diversity targets are being exceeded, reforestation is delivering results and it is possible to achieve the target for improved access to safe drinking water. Progress in terms of global partnerships has also been good, with significant debt relief and debt sustainability achieved. Given the data presented, Dr. Munyakazi concluded by pointing to the MDG-related successes that will be realized by 2015.
His Excellency the President of the Republic of Rwanda asked for clarification on why, given that MINEDUC estimates primary enrollment at 95%, Rwanda is not cited as an international success story. The Director General of NISR explained that there are different sources of data for calculating the indicator, some of which record enrollment as high as this and others which provide more modest estimates. In addition, other countries are performing even better on primary enrollment than Rwanda, explaining why Rwanda is not singled out as a success story in education in the report. The DG called on development partners to support the NISR and other related institutions to ensure the reliability and consistency of
statistical information for policy-making purposes.
Mr. John Rwangombwa, the Secretary General and Secretary to the Treasury of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, launched the Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy and presented an overview of the document’s elaboration as well a description of the key priorities and strategies.
The Secretary General explained to participants that the EDPRS was developed through an extensive 18-month consultation, led at a high-level by GoR and involving all major stakeholders in 19 sector working and cross-cutting issues groups. The elaboration process commenced with a situation analysis informed by the PRSP1 evaluation and survey evidence, which through the log frame exercise informed the targets and strategy.
The EDPRS consists of three flagship programmes: Growth for jobs and Exports, Vision 2020-Umurenge for extreme poverty reduction and Governance, which underpins progress on both of these. The Secretary General went on to identify the EDPRS sector priorities:
□ Education;
□ Infrastructure: transport, energy, water, habitat, and ICT;
□ Developing the weak financial sector;
□ Agriculture in the short term and manufacturing and services as more central to long-term development;
□ Reducing fast population growth and promoting good health status;
□ Productive social transformation through employment creation,
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cooperatives development, credit and social protection;
□ And, supporting all of this, good governance through the strengthening of peace and security, unity and reconciliation, public administration reform and strengthening protection of property rights.
In light of the key priorities and projects, he went on to discuss the financing situation, explaining that while GoR is committed to increasing the domestic revenue component of the budget, RwF 352 billion will still be required even under favourable revenue projections. Therefore, the GoR is considering various financing scenarios, and while long-term grant commitments would be preferable, concessional borrowing is still an option. The Secretary General, assured participants that debt sustainability would continue to be an important consideration and that the amount borrowed will depend on many factors, notably export growth.
At this point, he identified several keys to effective implementation of the EDPRS: a strong institutional framework for implementation and monitoring, and he proposed to build on the existing National Steering Committee and sector working group framework; Strong links between planning and implementation through incentive systems such as the Imihigo; strengthening statistical systems to develop evidence based thinking; developing a Common Performance Assessment Framework between GoR and donors; scaling up aid and improving aid effectiveness, by channeling aid through GoR institutions and systems to reduce transactions costs, harmonizing aid according to donor comparative advantage, and aligning aid to GoR’s aid policy.
The Secretary General concluded his presentation by road-mapping the next and final steps for the EDPRS: to finalize the common monitoring framework by first quarter 2008, to conduct a comparative advantage exercise by the end of the second quarter 2008, and to implement an extensive communication campaign.
Session 2 2007 Performance Overview
Mrs. Kampeta Sayinzoga, the Director of Macroeconomic Policy of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, presented on 2007 macroeconomic performance. She offered an overview of growth and its sources, pointing to the services and industry sectors as particularly strong areas of output growth in 2007. Agriculture, on the other hand, continued to under-perform due to supply constraints, but is expected to yield improved performance in 2008. Inflation increased in the second quarter 2007 as a result of core inflation, driven by health and education fees, rising rental costs, and increased prices for charcoal.
Fiscal performance in 2007 has been strong with annual domestic revenue increasing by 23.4% on 2006, resulting from PAYE and VAT collections. This performance reflected an increase in disposable income as well as the implementation of RRA efficiency reforms. Further, the shift of several donors to budget support will assist the GoR in managing the macro economy.
While domestic revenue collection increased, taxes on international trade were negative due to a shift towards duty-free capital goods, a higher share of imports from EAC and COMESA and an appreciation of the franc by 0.3% against the USD.
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Total expenditure and net lending in 2007 increased by 32%. This was led by a 51% increase in capital expenditure to finance several important projects, such as export promotion in coffee, tea, and tourism; the master plan for land utilization; construction of new schools; and large infrastructure projects, among other things. Recurrent expenditures also rose to allow additional payments to MINEDUC and MINISANTE to fill vacancies in districts. Transfers rose in response to decentralization activities. Also, there was an increase in exceptional social expenditure mainly due to emergency resettlement of refugees and disaster management.
In 2007 the overall fiscal deficit including grants increased to 31.4bn RwF from 6.5bn RwF in 2006. However, the increases in foreign grants and domestic revenue coupled with an increase in deposits to the banking system in 2006 will allow the GoR to drawdown deposits from the banking sector amounting to 0.6bn RwF to finance its operations by end-2007.
Despite a setback in the production of coffee, exports continued to grow at a rate of 10.6% in 2007, yet below the five-year average of 27.9%. Imports grew at 20.8% in 2007 as increased investment fueled demand for capital and intermediate goods. Further, expansion in disposable income also led to an increase in demand for consumption goods. As a result of these developments, the Current Account deficit stands at 7.5% of GDP in 2007. External debt, following HIPC and MDRI in 2006, continues to remain well under control with the NPV debt-to-export ratio at 54%.
Rwanda joined the EAC in 2007, which will have a strong influence on the external sector, and a common tariff for non-EAC countries is being developed
and will be implemented in 2009. The Director of Macroeconomic Policy identified several implications of joining the trade union: changing the fiscal year to July-June; a fall in tax revenue from EAC countries with a resulting shift in emphasis towards other revenue sources; and, increased trade with EAC countries improving competitiveness of Rwandan industries.
The nominal exchange rate has continued to appreciate against the USD due to donor disbursements as well as foreign exchange flows through commercial banks in the form of export receipts and grants to NGOs. Private sector deposits in the banking system have continued to increase, resulting in an increase in private sector credit by 19.4% in 2007.
Several reforms are underway to reinforce the financial market: The financial Sector Development Plan has been adopted; a Capital Market Advisory Council has been created to facilitate the emergence of a market for the trade of debt and equity; transformation of the short-term treasury bond into medium-term development bonds is ongoing and expected to be completed before the end of the year; the microfinance policy implementation strategy has been developed and the new law has been submitted by parliament; and the BNR is supervising and regulating non-banking financial institutions.
The Director concluded her presentation on the macro economy by discussing challenges and opportunities ahead. The challenges will be to maintain fiscal discipline, use longer-term securities, close the external financing gap, and implement the export promotion strategy. On the other hand, the GoR has many opportunities, such as the EDPRS; the strong support of the international community; and credible commitments to low and stable inflation, sustainable levels
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of debt for investments in infrastructure, high growth rates, and innovative pro-poor programmes. She asserted that Rwanda is performing well, especially by regional standards and that regional integration will help to bolster positive trends.
Mr. Lars Engstrom, the IMF Resident Representative, presented a statement in response to the presentation on the macro economy, congratulating the GoR on the EDPRS and strong economic performance. He then identified medium-term challenges facing the country. First, to create an enabling environment for the private sector through improved infrastructure, human capital, and increased savings. Second, to translate economic growth into poverty reduction. In this context, he posited that agriculture will have an important role to play. Third, limited resources must be used most efficiently; and in this respect, ongoing reforms in public financial management should be accelerated, especially in light of fiscal decentralization. Fourth, boosting exports is crucial to both development and debt sustainability. Fifth, fiscal spending must be kept within appropriate limits to maintain macroeconomic stability and prevent a buildup of unsustainable external debt. Finally, he stated that peace and security will be critical to reaching Rwanda’s development goals.
Mr. Engstrom then reviewed the status quo. He agreed on the general description given by the Director of Macroeconomic Policy and assured participants that the IMF program is ‘basically on-track’. He stated that the BNR needs to continue monitoring inflationary pressures, though he acknowledged that reserve money seems to be within program limits. The IMF-supported PFM reforms are strongly supported by the GoR, though there
remains a need to build human and institutional capacity.
He went on to discuss the prospects for 2008. Shortly after the DPM an IMF mission will start working on developing the macro framework with a budget focused on EDPRS implementation and infrastructure. The IMF estimates an increase in priority expenditure by 2% and a financing gap of roughly 1% of GDP next year. Grants and highly concessional finance will be necessary, as well as improving the predictability of existing commitments to improve fiscal planning. The IMF also encouraged the GoR to continue to ensure that debt sustainability is maintained. To conclude, he asserted that the IMF fully supports the Government’s development policy and the current trends. He then indicated that it would continue to be important to deal with the main obstacles to growth: limited energy, poor transportation, shallow finance, and the high cost of doing business.
Discussion
The Honourable Minister of Finance and Economic Planning chaired a discussion session covering the macro economy, the launch of the EDPRS and the MDG report, during which a number of key issues were raised.
Government representatives brought up again the point on statistical information, pointing out conflicting data between MINEDUC and NISR. The representative concluded that MINEDUC data indicates that all school-age children have access to education, and is therefore a success story. Further, participants pointed out that there is not enough information available on deforestation and that a large reforestation plan is underway to meet Vision 2020 goals of 790,400 hectares. The World Bank Country Manager agreed on the importance of
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removing inconsistencies from statistical data, and echoed responses of other participants to build a true partnership between donors, civil society, and the private sector. Panelists noted that differing statistics are a signal that various institutions need to work more closely together. Recently the NISR, ‘the centerpiece of the national statistical system’ organized a conference to ensure consistency in definitions and this should help to ameliorate such issues in the future.
In the spirit of harmonization, the European Union member states and the European Commission spoke with a single voice throughout the conference, delivering joint statements. In the session on macroeconomic performance, the statement congratulated the Secretary General of Finance and the Director of Macroeconomic Policy on overall economic management. The group of donors noted that exports are increasing, tax collections are exceeding targets, but agriculture continues to suffer. Much external finance is needed to accelerate Rwanda’s development, but they questioned whether Rwanda was able to absorb higher levels of aid especially in light of the Government’s commitment to maintaining low and stable inflation.
The EU donors acknowledged the huge beneficial impact of debt relief on debt sustainability and called on all donors to continue providing aid at highly concessional levels in every sector, including for large infrastructure projects. The EU also encouraged fellow development partners to work to put all aid on budget, citing the results of the PEFA assessment which highlighted that coverage is currently very poor, especially in the health sector.
The EU commented that PFM reform is an area of great interest, and welcomed
the ongoing decentralization campaign. In this regard, capacity building remains a priority at the decentralized levels and at the national level.
The Ambassador for the United Kingdom then delivered a statement on behalf of European Union member states and the European Commission in response to the launch of the EDPRS. The comments congratulated the Government, stating that the EDPRS ‘represents a step-change in leadership and ownership of poverty reduction and development’ in Rwanda. According to the EU consolidated comments, Rwanda has now reached the point of thinking about implementation. In this regard, the Ambassador pointed to three areas that will require the attention of development partners and Government:
□ Determine how we generate growth, and understand the constraints to development
□ Take advantage of each partner’s comparative advantage
□ And, develop the CPAF, to which all partners are committed, and embed it firmly in the EDPRS.
Government then made two points to mitigate concerns over inflation. First, he stated that for the first time underlying inflation pushed beyond 6%, however, the data demonstrated that this was simply a one-off increase. Tariffs on public services, such as water, health care, and school fees as well as the excise tax on beer increased in March 2007. Between March and October 2007 inflation only increased by 1.7%. Moreover, the Governor of BNR claimed that by March 2008, when these shocks are fully absorbed, the inflation rate will return to 5-10% maximum. Second, he pointed out that the increase in broad money in 2007 directly resulted from an increase in credit
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to the private sector, which is reflected as deposits within the bank. These monetary aggregates are not increasing inflation, mainly financing investment rather than consumption.
Government then commented on export promotion activities. While, coffee didn’t perform well in 2007, he wanted to ensure partners that this has been studied. Tangible actions are going to address weakness identified, such as recognizing the cyclicality of coffee production, distributing fertilizers, and also organizing smallholders into cooperatives and ensuring that infrastructure is available and appropriate. At the moment coffee washing stations are only at 30% capacity, for example, so there is a need to adopt smaller stations for each area. The SG also pointed out that the export promotion strategy is moving ahead. New products are being identified, such as horticulture, high tech skills, handicraft cooperatives, ICT services will be exported, and tourism.
Development Partners wanted to bring to the attention of the meeting one thing that didn’t come out in terms of human development. The gains in life expectancy from 31 years in 1990 to 44 years in 2004 place Rwanda in the top two countries for improvement. Participants then went on to note that the macro economic consequences of scaling up aid will be important in future years.
The Secretary General of MINECOFIN concluded the session by stressing the fact that, though we launched the EDPRS at the conference, still lots of work remains to be done.
Session 3 Financing EDPRS Priority Sectors: Progress and Challenges
Mr. Anastase Murekezi, the Honourable Minister of Agriculture and Animal
Resources, presented on the implementation of the EDPRS through investments in agriculture. He began his presentation by explaining that investments in agriculture have very strong implications for growth and poverty reduction, especially in Rwanda. EDPRS implementation as concerns agriculture will consist of four pillars: sustainable production systems, professionalization of producers, domestic and export market access expanded, and an effective institutional framework.
The key priorities are soil and water management, livestock development and improved inputs, extension services and research, focus on commodity chain development, and intensification of animal production. Although progress in 2007 has been negative (agriculture grew at -1.8% year-on-year), the GoR expects resumption in growth due to investments in the above priority areas, namely soil protection, irrigation, animal production (through the One-Cow Programme), crop intensification, extension services, and rural infrastructure to name a few.
Implementation strategies for 2008 include the achievement of progress in key areas, including several important investment projects:
□ Integrated Development Programme (Priority Crops Intensification Component) to jumpstart investment in high potential areas, such as tea, coffee, and horticulture;
□ Land husbandry, water harvesting and the hillside irrigation project;
□ One-cow per poor family;
□ Small animals and Animal Health Development Project;
□ Support to fisheries and biodiversity in Lake Kivu;
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□ And, tea projects in Gatare and Karongi.
An effective, functioning SWAp in agriculture with rural linkages will be essential for implementation. Mr. Murekezi anticipates three phases in the development of a SWAp in Agriculture: In the first, there will be a mapping assessment and capacity building from Oct 2007 to June 2008; phase two involves consultations on implementation issues from February to May 2008; finally, implementation of consultation recommendations by January 2009 for integration into the 2009 budget.
Mr. Robert Bayigamba, the Chairman of the Private Sector Federation, presented on EDPRS priorities and private sector alignment. The PSF has developed strategic actions (pillars) to help implementation of EDPRS through the flagships, these are:
□ Aligning the private sector through skills development (including capacity building of SMEs), funded through the ACBF and World Bank;
□ Capital markets (aim for long-term financing solution): five companies have expressed interest in launching a long-term investment programme including MTN and BCR;
□ RPSF Business Development Services Network targets to reach every district by 2010 to promote productivity among SMEs (which require the most resources in terms of technical assistance for capacity building, access to finance and commercial information);
□ Investing in economic infrastructure through the Mini-RIG programme: promoting the provincial investment cooperatives
which are the vehicles for leveraging investment from the local community ready to invest with international corporations;
□ Governance in both the public and private sectors is risky: the RPSF is working to establish Centre for Corporate Governance to build a strong business ethics environment.
The President of the PSF then identified several challenges that must be overcome: structural, including geographical, physical infrastructure; supply-side, including supply of land, energy and skills; and, institutional, including legislative reforms needed.
The Chairman of the PSF reasoned that these explain Rwanda’s poor scores in the Doing Business survey. The Private Sector expects changes to be made throughout the EDPRS, including increased infrastructure investment by GoR, reduced cost of doing business through investment in energy, storage, human capital formation in technical and managerial skills; increasing the attractiveness of investment through legal reform and streamlined procedures; supporting the inclusion of the informal sector by removing barriers to company formalization.
The Private Sector Federation concluded positively, stating that the strong spirit of public-private partnership bodes well for the future, that targets set are realistic and achievable and that the private sector is committed to drive the process of self-sustaining growth.
Discussion
All partners congratulated the GoR on producing a solid EDPRS document, which incorporates the existing PSTA and prioritizes what they see as the main issues, agriculture and private sector being
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among them, and also on increasing the budget to agriculture. Partners were anxious to point out that Rwanda is the first African nation to implement the CAADP agreement, which shows strong leadership in this area.
On Agriculture, a number of points were raised:
Several partners agreed with the GoR that we need to urgently tackle the major impediments to agricultural productivity in terms of lack of modern inputs, in particular irrigation, fertilizers, depreciation of agricultural stock (e.g. old coffee trees), administration and technical capacity and environmental degradation.
In order to assist the GoR in overcoming these hurdles, donors expressed support for the SWAp being developed in agriculture, including the European Community and the FAO, who pledged to assist the GoR in setting up the SWAp by undertaking a strategic mission in Tanzania.
Environmental issues also featured prominently in the discussion: the recent reduction in agricultural production can be attributed to the limited percentage of land protected against soil erosion (only 40%). However, the GoR is only capable of undertaking terracing and reforestation to the extent that financial resources permit: each year Rwanda loses the capacity to feed 40,000 people due to soil erosion. USD 53 million are required over 10 years for reforestation and further, complementary actions are needed to ensure that forestation is sustainable, such as finding alternatives to fuel wood as energy.
There were some concerns expressed by donors about the appropriateness of regionalization of cropping practices: these concerns were mitigated in part by Provincial Governors who provided
statements on the potential positive effects of yields and incomes of regional specialization. Horticulture was mentioned as a potential export crop which can be grown all over the country. MINAGRI invited donors to visit various sites in Rwanda to see the productive results of regionalization and to work with the GoR to overcome the major challenges to sustainability of crop intensification.
Additional concerns were brought up in the area of gender equality; because of the traditional division of labour in agriculture (men more often produce cash crops, women food crops). Several partners stated that commercialization and monetization of cropping will bring many new opportunities, but also potential problems in terms of gender disparity which the GoR should monitor closely.
With respect to the presentation by the RPSF, donors agreed that the private sector is vital to sustained growth and poverty reduction in Rwanda. They therefore congratulated the GoR for recognizing the importance of the private sector in the EDPRS. Private sector is constrained by energy and transport costs, low skills capacity, bureaucracy issues and access to finance and markets. The EDPRS promotes a range of measures to deal with these issues and partners believe it will provide a strong basis to do this.
Donors emphasized the importance of education in underpinning private sector capacity for growth. Thus, the GoR needs to implement the TVET strategy and support private sector involvement (both financial and moral) in schooling and higher institutions of learning.
GoR representatives discussed programmes designed to promote foreign investment; for example, industrial parks and export processing zones, as well as membership in regional trading blocs,
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such as the EAC. Although it has been taken into account, partners would like to see greater focus towards ensuring that foreign investors see the investment climate as good beyond ‘first impressions’ (for example, implementing double taxation treaties); EAC membership brings benefits but the GoR needs to be aware of the difficulties associated with aligning with EAC and other regional regulations. Participants also felt that the GoR should not underestimate the importance of promoting investment from national investors.
On improving institutional support and regulation for business, MINICOM have set up a committee which meets quarterly to streamline institutions regulating business and have set up a permanent structure within RIEPA to produce the reports to be provided to development partners. Several reforms were identified, such as the training of judges and updating laws in the commercial courts, the Courts and Business Registry to be implemented in January 2008 and Customs Procedures simplified to be more customer-friendly. An SME policy has also been finalized. Further, RIEPA has outlined in its strategic plan the need to further promote exports and improve the performance of the One-Stop Centre. All of these reforms will improve Rwanda’s ranking in the Doing Business Report and were assisted by participation of several partners including the World Bank, USAID, IFC, ICF, and the EC in particular.
Participants noted that the opportunities for making use of growing international remittances as a source of foreign financing could be better exploited, for example by reducing costs of remitting. BNR noted that by 2008 there will be at least two operators providing low-cost means of repatriating savings by Rwandans abroad.
BDS were seen as key to assisting SMEs in areas such as technical capacity, marketing and finance. The Minister of Finance pledges to speed up the roll-out of BDS across the country by 2008.
Participants felt that women’s access to information and training needs special targeting. The Rwandan Private Sector Federation has a Chamber focused on gender issues which has set up a people’s bank for female entrepreneurs and the roll-out of BDS will also address these concerns.
The key challenge for the private sector will be to ensure constant dialogue with the GoR and to have a greater voice in policy-making.
Session 3 cont. Financing EDPRS Priority Sectors: Progress and Challenges
Mr. Stanislas Kamanzi, the Honourable Minister of Infrastructure, presented on the EDPRS as it relates to the Infrastructure Sector. He began his presentation by remarking that the goal of the EDPRS in infrastructure is to contribute to sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction by reducing barriers to private sector development and reducing the costs of production. He then outlined a number of indicators to measure success against this broad target. However, there remains a large financing gap in the infrastructure sector—over 60% of planning investments in the sector have not been allocated in the Development Budget for 2008. This suggests that a significant proportion of infrastructure EDPRS targets will not be met.
As a result, the GoR is looking into innovative and alternative ways of financing infrastructure development: Involving the Private Sector who can intervene as contractors or service
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providers through PPP or sole private sector intervention. The Minister provided several positive examples of this, notably the Universal Access Fund, in the ICT, Energy and Gas sectors, whereby license holders contribute 1% percent of profits to increasing access. The financial sector has not yet developed products to accommodate infrastructure projects, and this has precluded greater utilization of private sector financing..
Maximizing on post-HIPC status increases the spectrum of options available to the government for credit, especially in the form of soft loans. However, the Government of Rwanda is currently impeded from engaging in new borrowing by minimum grant element requirements set at 50%. The Minister stated that a reduction of the mandatory minimum grant element to 35% would provide much needed flexibility. Further, he stated that there is a need to reflect on the implications of the Paris Declaration and the necessary increase in grants.
More efficient and effective spending by the GoR and Development Partners would also help to free up additional resources for large infrastructure projects. Improvements are already underway in planning, spending, monitoring and evaluation within the GoR and Development Partners are encouraged to join the SWAp for Transport and Energy, which can be accompanied by innovative funding mechanisms and approaches such as Sector Budget Support, Basket Funding, and Silent Partnerships etc.
Mr. Kamanzi concluded his presentation by asserting MININFRA’s commitment to being an active partner that will improve efficiency, drive the SWAp, and involve the private sector through innovative ways.
Mr. Albert Butare, the Honourable Minister of State for Energy and
Communication, presented on the challenges facing the Energy and Communication sectors. The presentation focused on the Energy sector and was followed by comments on communications. On Energy, Minister Butare noted that since the last DPM much progress has been made. There has been less load shedding (only for maintenance purposes), operations have been at cost recovery, by Q3 output (as measured in MWh) was 13% higher than forecast and revenues were 26% higher than forecast. Further, though generation is limited, solar power has increased capacity by 250 KW, and the Nyabarongo hydro project is due to be completed end-2008. A number of other smaller projects are under construction, including a methane gas pilot project on Lake Kivu, and micro hydro and biogas distribution projects. There remains a transmission and distribution problem. In the past year, work on the Master Plan has continued. High voltage lines around Kigali and other projects have been rehabilitated. In terms of regional initiatives, an agreement was signed towards providing energy to multiple countries in the region. This is in addition to other regional projects underway, of which most are in the feasibility study phase. While pointing out the successes of the sector Minister Butare recognized several Development Partners for their support, in particular the World Bank, AfDB and GEF, as well as the EU, Belgium, Nertherlands, UNDP, GTZ, and KFW for feasibility studies.
Intended EDPRS outcomes will see increased access to electricity for enterprises and households, reduced cost of services and the introduction of cost-reflective tariffs, energy diversification and security, and of the strengthening governance framework and institutional capacity by 2012. The estimated cost to
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ensure such progress is roughly 500 million USD, only half of which is currently planned to be contributed by MINECOFIN. There are several under-funded projects in the Energy sector, such as geothermal exploration, transmission and distribution, peat development, subsidies in solar energy, and assistance in development of market oriented solar energy sector to increase private sector investment potential.
Energy plans to implement a SWAp arrangement and performed a mapping of development partner interventions in November 2007 and planned to formalize a SWAp arrangement in December 2007. This would be followed by the update of several sector policies as well as the launch of the sector Master Plan in Q2 2008.
On the Communications sub-sector, Minister Butare noted that Communications remains the priority and that it is progressing rapidly. Rwanda is currently competing with private sectors in Kenya and Uganda through an extremely systematic approach. He pointed out several areas where interventions were needed to further consolidate progresses:
□ Backbone infrastructure development;
□ Skills development connected with institutions of higher learning;
□ Poverty alleviation through export promotion, e-agri, e-commerce;
□ Private sector strengthening, such as through an ICT park;
□ Bandwidth is still satellite reliant, and the EASSy link will be vital;
Minister Butare recognized several partners for their assistance in the sector.
Discussion
All partners agreed that infrastructure is imperative and a prerequisite for economic growth. Further, participants welcomed the allocation of 20% of public expenditure to infrastructure. According to Development Partners, the broad nature of the sector demands specific sub-sectoral analysis (especially at the feasibility stage), strategic planning and long-term finance.
Participants made a number of cross-subsectoral points:
□ The prioritization process should be within realistic parameters, a SWAp will facilitate the review of cost and timing across areas.
□ Infrastructural development is a long-term process. The GoR and DPs need to fully commit to the programming; otherwise problems will be encountered during the execution stage.
□ It is necessary to have strong institutional arrangements in place which is in line with international best practice and includes a private sector responsible for implementing schemes.
One participant expressed concern over population growth issues and how they will affect the long-term sustainability of infrastructure improvements and, further, environmental protection; issues which they felt were not adequately reflected in the EDPRS. Government representatives asserted that population control measures, included a strong emphasis on demand-side and behavioral change, such as reducing infant mortality and sensitizing the population to issues of birth spacing and family planning. Further, the Land Law in Rwanda will provide a clear
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framework for the management of land on an individual basis.
Several Development Partners reminded the GoR of their various private sector and technical assistance grants and blend facilities, and encouraged greater cooperation to ensure financing was met.
Participants pointed out that private sector investment could be encouraged through the reduction of red tape and through the creation of a positive business environment.
Other participants noted that regional projects will be critical. While sovereign energy security initiatives are necessary, there is much to be gained from regional initiatives for production and cooperation.
To conclude the discussions, Partners asserted that exceptions to the post-HIPC status grant element requirements may be made; if, the government can find products or interventions with a high economic and social rate of return, though these cases would have to be analyzed carefully.
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DAY TWO – PROCEEDINGS OF THE MEETING
Session 4 Looking Ahead: Rwanda’s Accession to the East African Community
Ambassador Dr. Richard Sezibera, Chairman of the National Committee on Regional Integration, presented on Implications of Rwanda’s Accession to the East African Community. He asserted that regional and international integration is a key pillar of Rwanda’s growth strategy and Vision 2020 as a landlocked country. Rwanda is a member of COMESA, CEPGL and EAC, yet has pulled out of ECCAS and SADC due to African Union decisions to rationalize regional memberships.
Ambassador Sezibera went on to describe the EAC. The treaty was signed 30th November 2006 and applied in July 2007. The member states include Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, and Rwanda. Rwanda’s decision to join was based on the rationale that the EAC has the highest percentage of intra-group exports among Rwanda’s regional organizations, with balanced growth and a bright future. The EAC is a growing trading partner for Rwanda. Rwanda has higher exports with the EAC than other organizations with the exception of COMESA, where the main partner is Kenya who is also a member of the EAC. Among the benefits mentioned were a wider market, cultural affinity and common positions on the removal of tariff and non-tariff barriers.
The Treaty will consist of numerous foreign policy, customs, and macroeconomic alignments and will cover the following four areas:
□ Customs Union that will be fully effective in 2009. This will include a common external tariff and removal of internal tariff and non-tariff barriers.
□ Common market fully effective in 2010. This encompasses free movement of capital, labour, services, and rights of establishment and residence. Some progress has been made in these areas, but progress is still underway.
□ Ultimately the EAC will form a monetary union and a political federation.
The immediate task will be to implement the provisions of the Customs Union Protocol by June 2009. Rwanda is developing an implementation road map with time frames, including a list of products for internal tariff elimination and of sensitive products and industrial raw materials to be accorded CET exemptions. Further, a country-wide industrial survey has already been concluded. Various NTBs will be eliminated, especially those that are policy - and procedure-linked, such as restrictive licensing and weighbridges, among others which will also help to reduce transportation costs into Rwanda. The GoR aims to undergo this migration to the Customs Union in a revenue neutral manner.
Ambassador Sezibera assured participants that the GoR is prepared to deal with revenue responses in the short-to-medium term. Two planned revenue measures are the expansion of the tax base and the application of the EAC exemption regime.
He went on to discuss the high transportation costs facing Rwanda. To mitigate the effects of high transport costs, the GoR is encouraging the production of goods that do not use imported inputs (such as coffee, tea, and processed fruit), is engaging in regional
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integration, and is considering the internal taxation structure.
Ambassador Sezibera then announced that Rwanda would be well situated to become a sub-regional distribution hub if transportation were improved. This is due to Rwanda’s geographic position, which leads to a large percentage of re-exports to DRC, Tanzania, Uganda, and Burundi (17% of total exports in 2003). Further, petrol transporters service a regional market of 35million. In addition, Rwanda has a comparative advantage in soft infrastructure.
He then noted the ‘impressive number of institutions’ of the EAC, and spoke about Rwanda’s eager participation. The GoR has applied for membership of the East African Development Bank, has nominated two judges to the East African Court of Justice, is undergoing the process to elect nine MPs to represent Rwanda at the East African Legislative Assembly, and of course, there are several domestic institutional changes that will also occur.
Among the positive benefits of regional membership, several challenges are anticipated by GoR:
□ Difficult regional environment (in terms of security);
□ Weak industrial base;
□ Weak skills base post genocide;
□ Possible short-term revenue loss, as mentioned earlier;
□ Creative destruction of production structures;
□ Lastly, the effect on household expenses will require mitigation.
To conclude, Ambassador Sezibera reviewed the areas that will be affected by regional integration:
□ Trade (common market);
□ Economic policies;
□ Peace, security and conflict prevention through regional cooperation;
□ Institutional harmonization;
□ Relations with non-member stakeholders.
The Regional Director of the African Development Bank, Aloysius Ordu, presented on his organization’s perspectives on regional integration. The region, he began, consists of 120 million people and a combined GDP of over 40 billion USD. The region has a long history of economic integration and infrastructure links will be crucial in this part of Africa. Further, there are seven large rivers, yet hydro electric power has not been utilized.
The Director then entreated participants to be patient, persistent and disciplined in policy reform, as the benefits of accession will be long-term while the costs will be more immediate.
He proceeded to discuss commonly held views of the AfDB on regional integration, such as the imperative to reduce transportation costs and indirect costs of exports to improve competitiveness on the world market.
Discussion
Development Partners congratulated Rwanda on its accession to the EAC and offered support for helping to mitigate and anticipate challenges. Further, many Development Partners reaffirmed their commitment to regional integration while reminding Government of ongoing projects in the area of regional integration.
Rationalization of Rwanda’s regional memberships was welcomed by all participants.
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Development partners reiterated the importance of improving infrastructure and removing tariff and non-tariff barriers to accessing world markets through port corridors, especially as many of the transactions costs are incurred outside of Rwanda.
Participants noted the importance of a common energy strategy to tackle the issue of soaring energy costs in the region.
Institutional integration will bring greater peace and security in the region, though fiscal alignment and other issues will require capacity building
Participants expressed concern over potential revenue losses in the short-term. Government replied that modifications in the tax structures should be revenue neutral, through a shift from tariffs to consumption taxes. Furthermore, Government reminded participants that it will be important to look beyond immediate-term revenue impacts and to consider the future benefits and spill over effects. Science and technology externalities, for example, are expected to assist in the development of skills and to engender new export products through innovation. This will help to mitigate the threat to existing industry in Rwanda.
A monetary union is planned for 2012, which is conditional on three provisional criteria being met: 1) inflation of less than or equal to three percent; 2) a fiscal deficit less than or equal to six percent of GDP excluding grants or less than or equal to three percent including grants; 3) minimum foreign reserves of six months of imports. While the Government will work towards these goals, the Central Bank noted that these criteria are ambitious.
Participants noted that for Rwanda to become a regional distribution centre, other issues aside from transportation must be considered. Government agreed and stated that all stakeholders must be innovative, consolidate Rwanda’s soft infrastructure advantage and make progress developing the skills base.
Session 5 Assessing and Improving Governance for Results-Based Management
Mr. Protais Musoni, The Honourable Minister for Local Administration, Good Governance, Community Development and Social Affairs, presented on the task of Ensuring Good Governance for Effective Service Delivery. The presentation began with an analysis of recent surveys which indicated improved community satisfaction with the way services are provided; there remain challenges for effective service delivery, including access and utilization of services by the population, capacity issues of service providers and institutional issues, including incentives. The Good Governance programme in the EDPRS aims to tackle these issues through six main programmes:
□ Security and cooperation;
□ Justice;
□ Unity and reconciliation;
□ Decentralisation, citizen participation, empowerment, transparency and accountability;
□ Public sector capacity and employment promotion;
□ And, corporate governance and PFM reform.
A Plan of Action is being prepared to implement these pillars. The Joint Governance Assessment Framework and Join Action Development Forum are
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organized to improve coordination between agencies across the governance sector.
Ensuring good governance also requires improvements in the legal environment. Reforms are currently underway including the draft law on umuganda, organic law on presidential and legislative elections, law on operation of political organizations, which can now work at the village level, and draft laws regulating CSOs and judicial reform.
Decentralization has already begun and a framework has been developed as a tool for increasing service delivery at local level, improving cross-sectoral coordination and accountability. The Rwanda Decentralization Strategic Framework (RDSF) as been developed to provide implementation guidelines and according to Minister Musoni, the Decentralization Implementation Plan (DIP) is nearly ready to give the details of implementation. There are five strategic areas of the RDSF: effective management; citizen participation; efficiency of local governments in economic development, poverty reduction and service delivery; fiscal and financial decentralization; and, strong M&E and MIS. The total estimated cost of the DIP is 41 million USD over 2008-12.
Mechanisms in place for improving service delivery include:
□ Empowerment of citizens over service providers through participation of citizens in management committees, civic education, itorero and contractual agreements in various sectors.
□ Citizen report cards and community score cards are being implemented to assess citizen and community perceptions of local services they are receiving.
□ Social accountability is being promoted through several projects, such as public accountability day, engagement with media and community meetings.
□ Ubudehe has been successful as a tool for good governance by assisting people to help themselves and spread entrepreneurship; baseline data has also helped planning at higher levels of government.
□ Vision 2020 Umurenge is being implemented to put money into the pockets of the poor, through public works, credit packages, and direct social assistance to the poorest.
□ Integrated Development Programme focused on areas of high potential for increased productivity through coordinated implementation of 10 programmes including crop intensification, value addition and marketing, cooperative development, ecosystem rehabilitation, resettlement, off-farm activities, rural finance, social protection and vulnerability management, ICT and local leadership.
□ Finally, Itorero is a new programme to promote leadership (Rwandan culture as well as values and morals) at village, sector, district and national levels through training centers, launched by on 16 November 2007. This year the focus will be on social cohesion and anti-domestic violence.
The ultimate objective of these reforms according to the Minister is to achieve well organized village development with
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populations in close proximity to all services.
The Honourable Minister of Justice and Attorney General, Mr. Tharcisse Karugama, presented on Progress and Challenges for Rwanda’s Justice System. Attorney General Karugarama introduced his presentation with the statement that ‘justice is not everything, but everything without justice is nothing.’
He proclaimed that Rwanda’s post-genocidal period has presented many challenges, such a large case load and poorly trained personnel. For example, in the early 1990’s, out of 950 magistrates only 32 were qualified and of 87 prosecutors only 18 were qualified. A lot of progress has been made since then including on constitutional reforms, so that by the last DPM (November 2006) there existed an autonomous and independent judiciary and laws had been revised on the basis of good governance, human rights and transparency. Since the last DPM there have been several important initiatives:
□ The draft law on the Penal Code is in Parliament,
□ A fund has been set up to support and assist genocide survivors,
□ Numerous reforms, such as the abolition of the death penalty, release on parole, reduction of backlogs, community service through TIG to reduce prision congestion, etc have been implemented
□ Further, the government has ratified international treaties on torture, discrimination against women, small weapons, and the recognition of foreign arbitral sentences;
□ The Government has lifted reservations on international conventions including prevention and repression of genocide, racial discrimination and economic, social and cultural rights.
Over the next year, GoR will:
□ Support the judiciary to increase credibility and performance;
□ Improve transparency, speed and efficiency of justice;
□ Advocate for rule of law and independence of judiciary;
□ Amend the Gacaca Law to enable the transfer of cases from classic courts to Gacaca Courts and complete the Gacaca process by end-2007. This involves moving some categories to Gacaca courts (including those relating rape and mass murder), and leaving only Category-1 ‘masterminds of genocide’ at classic court level. (1,015,320 cases were received between July 2006 and July 2007 and 712,723 cases were tried up to July 2007 in the Gacaca courts, leaving 302,597 cases to be processed by the end of 2007);
□ Improve and modernize prisons;
□ Establish permanent Law Reform Commission;
□ Reform commercial laws;
□ Increase legal aid and access to justice;
□ Launch institute of legal practice and development;
□ Build capacities of Abunzi community mediators which resolve and monitor criminal and civil complaints.
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Finally, a point was made about the post-Gacaca period, in which the management of litigation should include the transfer to Rwanda of cases from ICTR and other countries. The GoR requests development partners to assist Rwanda in bringing genocidaires to justice. The Minister reminded participants that Rwanda has a strong track record of managing genocide trials and reintegrating offenders into society. The GoR believes Rwanda is the best placed to try these people. However, the GoR noted several instances when Rwanda sought extradition of genocidaires from Canada, the United Kingdom, Netherlands, France, Finland, and New Zealand. If these countries refuse to extradite the accused, the GoR requests these home countries to try them through their own court systems. This includes those at the ICTR, if the international community wants its mandated period of operations to be extended. Rwanda is participating in such cases. For example, the recent trial in Belgium of the murderers of the 10 Belgian Peacekeepers; Rwanda won this case and received a symbolic 1 Euro compensation.
In conclusion, the Honourable Minister concluded by reiterating the point that the GoR wants justice done to perpetrators of crimes against humanity.
Discussion
All Development Partners congratulated the government for its commitment to good governance as evidenced by the high priority accorded to governance as an EDPRS Flagship programme. Donors particularly welcomed recent drives against corruption, the abolition of the death penalty, PFM reforms, and the involvement of Rwanda as one of the first African nations to go through the NEPAD African Peer Review Mechanism.
Rwanda’s commitment to rule of law, predictability of governance, independence of the judiciary, a functional and transparent tax system and freedom from corruption, will be essential for effective private sector decision-making and private sector development over the EDPRS period. Decentralization plans are strongly grounded in Rwandan culture and tradition which bodes well for sustainability. The justice sector is coming together to coordinate 14 institutions, providing the first steps towards development of a sector –wide approach, to be implemented next year and possibly accompanied by a common financing mechanism.
In addition to the positive statements, the following concerns were raised:
□ Rwanda could open up further to public debate, including enhancing media freedom and local level debate;
□ Implementation of imihigo to household level must be accompanied by measures to ensure application enables development in line with principles of empowerment and ownership;
□ Rwanda will be in the international spotlight in 2008 due to the end of the Gacaca period and the ICTR mandate. Rwanda needs to ensure that what follows is viewed positively as further evidence to outsiders of positive transformation within the country.
□ Rwanda is asked to ratify an international convention against torture.
□ The GoR asked to use the opportunity of ICTR transfers in 2008 to update the justice system by building courts and training
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facilities. Donors agreed to provide TA to train lawyers and judges to help clear the backlog.
□ CSOs see a comparative advantage for Rwanda in mobilizing civic engagement and community involvement and the GoR should try to build on this for future development initiatives. In response to this, MINALOC pledged to take into account consultations held with local CSOs.
□ One donor expressed a concern about the openness of consultations held with local governments and constituents about the strategies and whether feedback was incorporated into the decentralization plan. MINALOC responded that a consultation process was held with local governments across Rwanda, as well as focal point meetings with technicians including Planners. Further, RALGA continuously carries out consultations with local governments.
□ Some development partners expressed agreement with the GoR on the importance of bringing genocidaires to trial in Rwanda: this is because it is cost-effective to conduct trials close to where the crime (and evidence) has taken place and because it assists in national reconciliation. It is important that justice is seen to be done.
□ Rwanda performed strongly this year in its PEFA assessment, procurement bill and political governance reforms. It is now especially important to put in place a procurement agency to
implement the procurement bill, integrate PEFA into the PFM action plan, ensure strong coordination across agencies and from central to decentralized levels through a greater clarity of roles; and institute a strong M&E system to ensure effective implementation and assess results and impact.
□ Civil Society participants reiterated that Itorero will help address capacity gaps and help cement trust needed or unity and reconciliation, particularly at the local level. They requested Development Partners’ and sectors’ support in implementing the programme, including allocating a budget to these training activities, as well as integrating unity and reconciliation principles in all areas to ensure strong foundation for promoting growth and poverty reduction.
□ In response to criticisms leveled against the performance of Gagaca, MINIJUST responded that the GoR is aware of the short-comings of the Gacaca system and has addressed these problems as they arose. No legal system is perfect; as the Rwandan proverb states, ‘the tears of a cow are the laughter of a dog’ (in all situations not everyone is happy). The Organic Law dealing with transfers from the ICTR will ensure that trials in Rwanda are fair and transparent and respect international standards.
Development Partner Statements In a session co-chaired by the UN Resident Coordinator, a number of
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Development Partners delivered statements on their views and intentions with respect to Rwanda’s development. The following paragraphs offer a summary of these statements, with full statements provided on the Development Partners’ website.
Before participants delivered statements, the Honourable Minister of Public Service, Skills Development and Labour presented on the issue of skills development in Rwanda.
From PRSP 1 the government learned that skills were a major constraint to the achievement of objectives. The Minister commissioned a skills audit to methodically study what the needs are for skilled labour.
The problem of low skill level has not been dealt with at all. Local training institutions need to be reinforced, and so far there is a mismatch of skills demanded and skills supplied. Currently, many skills are obtained from abroad.
For the EDPRS to be successful the GoR will implement a multi-sector capacity building programme that goes beyond basic skill acquisition. Specific interventions will include:
□ Restructuring of vocational training to meet market needs;
□ Business incubation through entrepreneurship development (complementing BDS)
□ Strengthen Local Training Institutions (LTIs)
□ Provision of short courses in professional development (218 accountants and internal auditors)
The Minister then pointed out the major constraints to skills development. Notably, 3 million people in the country need to be trained causing a large and complex HR backlog. There are too few
trainers and inappropriate training curriculum for demand and inadequate infrastructure and training facilities.
To correct this problem the Ministry of Public Service envisages five regional workforce development centers, vocational training development at the provincial level, develop large enterprises, shift focus to skill upgrading, develop internships and work experience for all sectors (public, private and civil society), and ensure that every company has a training policy and staff development programme.
The Development Partners then began to present statements:
□ Japan reminded participants of the upcoming TICAD 4 in May 2008. The primary subject for discussion will be the methods for boosting economic growth in the region to reduce poverty. In July, Japan will be hosting the G8 summit and the outcome of TIKAD 4 will be fully incorporated. Japan is mostly interested in engaging in policy dialogue in Rwanda in the areas of human resource development and rural development.
□ The United Kingdom delivered a joint statement on behalf of European Union member states, the European Commission, and Switzerland. The Development Partners began by congratulating Rwanda on courageous and significant steps toward inclusive democratic society, and feel it is important to encourage Rwanda in this. EU partners and Switzerland pledge to continue to support the attainment of the MDGs and stimulate growth and poverty reduction through the EDPRS.
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Partners made a note of the EU Division of Labour code that requires each donor to rationalize sectoral interventions to reduce transaction costs and congestion in the delivery of aid. Donors within the EU group have begun to address this issue and encourage non-EU partners to work towards this through the DPCG.
The Joint Budget Support Review this year was much richer than last year. Partners expressed their confidence in the Organic Budget Law as a foundation for recurrent and development budget formulation.
The relationship between Rwanda and the EU group extends beyond aid. The EU group congratulated Rwanda for contributing to peace and stability in the Great Lakes Region, welcoming the agreement reached in Nairobi, and commending Rwanda on peacekeeping efforts in Darfur and elsewhere, as well as for abolishing the death penalty.
The EU group shares the Government’s vision of a Rwanda free from aid dependency. In conclusion, the partners expressed their preparedness to work in partnership with all stakeholders.
□ The United States of America recalled the Paris Declaration that sets out the principles that will determine development partners’ work. The US aims to further harmonize with other partners.
The USA listed areas where its assistance is primarily focused, such as technical assistance, health care, economic growth through
family planning, and agriculture, where the US Government expressed concerns about a centrally derived land use reform.
With respect to the business and investment environment, the US asked the Government to quickly implement recommendations from the World Bank seminar on doing business. The US also noted the need to pay special attention to the trading of legal rights across borders. Also, there is a need to do more to attract FDI, which remains low by African standards.
While the US commended Rwanda on progress in its anti-corruption efforts, the Millennium Challenge Corporation will require further reductions in the restrictions placed on civil society and the press before disbursing funds.
The African Development Bank congratulated the Government of Rwanda. The AfDB has 16 ongoing projects in Rwanda worth 300 million USD. 45% of this assistance is infrastructure and 25-28% is in the agriculture and social sectors where achieving results is particularly important for growth.
The AfDB aims to concentrate interventions in a few areas to ensure coordination and effectiveness. These areas include: competitiveness, science and technology, water and sanitation, roads and energy, and ICT.
Access to ports is fundamental to enhanced growth, thus the emphasis on transportation.
□ The United Nations Country Team congratulated the
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Government of Rwanda, especially for the EDPRS.
Rwanda is one of 8 pilot countries for the One UN programme. The Common Operational Document was signed officially during the DPM and UN agencies have committed to align with Government priorities in the EDPRS. The UN system will focus on the following five results: first, enhanced and sustained good governance; improving the health system to reduce mortality and control disease diffusion; basic education, especially for girls; improved management of the environment in a sustainable way; and social protection to ensure the population benefits from economic growth and is less susceptible to income shocks.
In conclusion, the UN group remarked on the remarkable progress in recent years and reiterated the continued support of the UN system.
□ The World Bank remarked on the context specificity of the EDPRS programmes and commented that the boldness of the strategy is typically Rwandan and it bodes well for the people of Rwanda, as does the zero-tolerance stance of the Government on corruption.
The World Bank feels that the EDPRS needs to be complemented by several other phenomena; such as stronger public sector capacity, greater efficiency in public spending, better sequencing of development actions, clearly defined roles between various ministries and agencies, and a strong framework
for M&E of policies and programmes.
The World Bank plans to continue providing large sums of direct budget support, but this will be accompanied by new programmes of TA for strengthening the business environment for private sector led growth. The World Bank’s existing portfolio consists of governance, health, regional trade and integration as well as capacity building.
The World Bank seeks to explore ways to strategically place activities in line with the EDPRS and the work of other donors, such as moving toward SWAp arrangements in more sectors. The World Bank seeks to invest in solid analytical work to inform policy decisions.
The World Bank is also working towards enhanced operational efficiency to deliver assistance in a timely manner with greater responsiveness and lower transaction costs.
In conclusion, the World Bank thanked the Government and Rwandans for the opportunity to be engaged at such a critical moment in country’s history.
□ COMESA congratulated the Government of Rwanda. COMESA agreed with Rwanda’s emphasis on infrastructure development to stimulate the production of goods and services. An important area of concern for the organization is regional food security through trade, but also the mitigation of climate change factors, appropriate irrigation and input resources and crop
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diversification, value addition and the commercialization of small scale farmers. In conclusion, COMESA extended its thanks to all participants and the Government.
□ CCOAIB, a national umbrella organization for NGOs, expressed great pride in the EDPRS. Unlike the PRSP, CSOs were fully involved in the elaboration of the EDPRS. The document will promote innovation, entrepreneurship and dynamism, all of which are crucial. Further, the EDPRS will seek to promote agricultural employment.
The members of the organization are concerned with the amount of money that reaches ordinary Rwandans and plans to conduct surveys of how much of the budget reaches the ground. Further, the organizations actively participate in elections to ensure they are free and fair.
Rwanda faces the challenge of limited financial resources, and must learn to utilize the expertise within civil society as they share a common agenda for development.
□ The National Disability Federation emphasized the mission of the organization, stating that they welcome legislation that may support disabled citizens.
The holistic education discussed in the EDPRS must include the nature of disabilities. Seminars were organized with the handicapped to discuss their needs, and districts have tried to integrate the concerns of the disabled into development plans.
The NISR is creating a new system, and the National Disability Federation called upon them to collect information on handicapped people enabling the analysis of disaggregated policy impact.
□ Pro Femmes Twese Hamwe thanked the Government of Rwanda and participants. The organization welcomed the promotion of gender equality by Government and also thanked Development Partners for their help in achieving objectives. While strong progress has been achieved, there is still work that needs to be done: there is a need to strengthen the capacity of rural women, equalize access to drinking water and technology, improve the delivery of justice for women, decrease the incidence of gender-based violence and increase the number of female health workers.
□ YES Rwanda was set up to address youth employment through a framework for employability, entrepreneurship and equity. Development Partners and the Government of Rwanda need to collaborate further to tackle youth unemployment, and the organization welcomes the integration of youth employment into the EDPRS.
YES suggests that GoR programmes, such as Vision 2020- Umurenge, are linked to the youth employment framework as well. The organization concluded by expressing the belief that youth employment should be placed at the centre of macroeconomic
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policymaking and development partner actions.
Adoption of Final Communiqué and Closing Session
The Minister of Finance and Economic Planning chaired a session in which participants reviewed a draft Communiqué and proposed amendments. The final Communiqué, as approved by the Meeting, is provided as an appendix to this document.
The UN Resident Coordinator delivered closing remarks on behalf of Development Partners, congratulating the GoR for an excellent Meeting, particularly the Minister of Finance for preparing the meeting and chairing discussions. Development Partners noted with satisfaction the statements of His Excellency the President on the need to reduce constraints to economic growth and in recognizing the role of the private sector and entrepreneurship. This will require strong partnerships between GoR and all development partners, characterized by open dialogue.
Development Partners are pleased to note progress made in the private sector, particularly in agriculture and look forward to working with the GoR to reduce constraints to growth. As a landlocked country, infrastructure investment and regional integration will be important in this regard. DPs committed to support the GoR in overcoming challenges identified to improve lives for all Rwandans.
Development Partners recognize the strong anti-corruption efforts of the GoR, its commitment to PFM reforms and the strong challenges that the justice sector faces. DPs look forward to strong dialogue, better focused and targeted support and anticipate the roll-out of the
joint governance assessment framework in 2008.
Development Partners welcome the continued dialogue on evidence-based policy making. Partners emphasized the importance of accurate statistics and look forward to strengthening statistical systems in 2008.
The Resident Coordinator referred to a Rwandan proverb: “one pillar cannot support a house on its own.” Development Partners are committed to providing complementary pillars to support Rwanda’s development.
The Resident Coordinator concluded by wishing the GoR many successful DPMs to come.
The Honourable Minister of Finance and Economic Planning summarized the 7th Annual DPM in his closing remarks. The meeting, he pronounced, witnessed the launch of the EDPRS and MDGs Report. These and other presentations led to fruitful discussions and the state of partnership between GoR and DPs is strong and continues to grow stronger.
The Minister stated that the DPM had been a success characterized by excellent partnership and enthusiasm. He feels that with this enthusiasm, Rwanda will achieve all goals set in the EDPRS, MDGs and Vision 2020.
The Right Honourable Prime Minister, Mr. Bernard Makuza, thanked all participants for making the conference both interesting and productive. This exercise has become a shared culture and tradition, occurring every year for the last seven years. It is the ideal forum for GoR to share vision, strategies, policies and programmes through a transparent, frank and open dialogue.
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The final communiqué provides a summary of the major themes and frank discussions and the Prime Minister expressed his appreciation of the quality and relevance of the contributions made. The meeting has underlined the essential role of the private sector in development including agriculture and investment in infrastructure and regional integration, all of which are opportunities but also challenges for our medium term strategy.
The Government is confident that Development Partners share its vision and agree with our EDPRS priorities. We will
work hand in hand with partners to implement the ambitious but imperative programme. The GoR assures its partners that it is committed to maximizing the benefits of donor support for the social and economic development of Rwanda’s people. This will be facilitated through enhanced aid coordination, harmonization and ownership.
To conclude, the Prime Minister encouraged all participants to work hard to implement what was discussed and agreed upon during the Meeting.
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APPENDIX 1: FINAL AGENDA
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APPENDIX 2: FINAL COMMUNIQUÉ
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APPENDIX 3: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ADDICO, Gifty (UNFPA) AFRAH, Ahmed (Fodey Security) AHMED ABDALLAH, Al-alkeil (BADEA) AKAMANZI, Clare (RIEPA) AKIKU, Dr. F.k (NUR) AKORLI, Dr. Felix (NUR) ALBHEFILI, Mohammed (Saudi Fund) ALSHAMMARI, Saud (Saudi Fund) ANDEMEL, Toudjida (ILO) ANUSHIKA, Karunaratne (World Bank) APARA, Kingson (World Bank) APIRE, Evelyne (UN HABITAT) APPOLINAIRE, Fotso (Avocats sans Frontiers) ARIETTI, H.E. Michael (United States of America) ARMON, Jeremy (United Kingdom) ATUKUNDA, Pamela (UNDP) BADE, Jan (The Netherlands) BADIANE, Dr. Alioune (UN HABITAT) BAERT, Théo (Belgium) BAGILIZINA, Emmanuel (MINECOFIN) BAINE, Mary (RRA) BAINGANA, Elias (MINECOFIN) BAKURAMUTSA, Nkubito (RITA) BALASUNDARAM, Rema nair (Social Impact) BALDWIN, Sandra (United Kingdom) BALEPA, Elisabeth (FAO) BARIKANA, Eugène (MINALOC) BARROW, Lamine (AfDB) BASU, Atrayee (MININFRA) BAVUGAMENSHI, Daniel (AMIR) BAYIGAMBA, Robert (PSF) BAZIVAMO, Hon. Christophe (MINITERRE) BEAUPRE, Huguette (Canada) BELEM, Emile (UNHCR)
BINAGWAHO, Dr. Agnès (CNLS) BIRUTA, Hon. Vincent (Senate) BISABUKULI HULIRO, Alex (VSO) BISERUKA, Théoneste (MUHUMURIZE ASS) BISHAGARA, Thérèse (PRO-FEMMES/TWESE HAMWE) BIZIMANA, Evariste (TIG) BIZIMANA, Flavier (Images Media) BRANDT, H.E. Anna (Sweden) BREMS, Dirk (Belgium) BUGEMBE, Patrick (UNECA) BUTARE, Hon. Eng. Albert (MININFRA) BYAJE, Gilbert (ORINFOR) BYANYIMA, Martha (Rwanda Horticulture Export Services) CARRASCO, Alex (Canada) CARRERA, Khadija (MIGEPROF) CERAVOLO, Mathilde (COOPI) CHIARA, Pace (UNCDF) CHRISTENSEN, Philip (Care International) CLAGES, H.E. Christian (Germany) COLIN, Bruce (World Bank) CORIE-YOUNG, Elisabeth (NUR) COSSAR, Frances (MINECOFIN) CYANZAYIRE, H.E. Aloysia (Supreme Court) CYUBAHIRO BAGABE, Mark (ISAR) D’ARCSHEE, Edourdo (Marvericks) DAKA, Dr. Angel elias (COMESA) DE BOER, Vincent (European Commission) DECLERQ, Dr. Dick (Belgium) DEKENS, Jean-pierre (European Commission) DEM, Amadou (World Bank) DJUMA, Marcel (EDVR) DONADJE, Florentine (UNFPA) DONNAY, Françoise (Belgium)
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DONNET-DESCARTES, Severine (Switzerland) DOS SANTOS, Daniel (ADRA) DRUET, Dirk (MINECOFIN) DULIEU, Pierre (Belgium) DUNCAN, Dr. Overfield (United Kingdom) DYER, Rodney (United Kingdom) EHMEIR, Walter (Austria) EISELE, Hubert (KfW) ELHAFEDH OULD BEDDY, Mohamed (BADEA) ENGSTROM, Lars (IMF) EPPRECHT, Tobias (ICRC) ERICSSON, Malin (Sweden) ESSEQQAT, Henri (UNDP) ESSO OURO-DONI, Safiou (UNDP) EUGÈNE, Rwibasira (CCOAIB) FEWELL, Tye (USAID) FICKERS, Alfred (Belgium) FOUMBI, Dr. Joseph (UNICEF) FRIEDERICHS, Andrea (KfW) GAHAKWA, Hon. Dr. Daphrose (MINAGRI) GAHIGA, Kari (Marvericks) GAHIGI, Bosco () GAHIZI, Methode (AfDB) GAHONGAYIRE, Anne (Supreme Court) GAHONZIRE, Mary (Rwanda National Police) GAKUBA, Didier (NISR) GAKWAYA, André (Journal Goblacs…) GAPERI, Henry k. (CSR) GASANA, Charles (NEPAD) GASHOGI, Leornard (BA International) GASHUMBA, Lilliani (CEPGL) GASINZIGWA, Oda (NWC) GATABAZI, E. Thomas (MINECOFIN) GATARAYIHA, Jean phillipe (NISR) GATARE, Francis (RIEPA) GATERA, James (BK) GATERA, Maggy (UNDP) GATSINZI, Hon. Gen. Marcel (MINADEF)
GATWABUYEGE, Vincent (MININFRA) GENEVIEVE, Dehoux (European Commission) GEOFFROY, Veronique (European Commission) GIHANA MULENGA, Patrick (MINICOM) GISAGARA, Eugène (MINIJUST) GOSLIGA, Rose (MINAGRI) GRULOOS, Jacques (Luxembourg Development Cooperation) HABIMANA, André (MINECOFIN) HABIMANA, André (MINECOFIN) HABIMANA, Jean damascène (Parquet Général de la République) HABINEZA, Hon. Joseph (MIJESPOC) HABUMUREMYI, Pp (NEC) HAGUMA, Camille (ORINFOR) HAJABAKIGA, Hon. Patricia (MINITERRE) HAKIZABERA, Pipien (CAPMER) HAKIZINKA, Ida (Global Fund) HARELIMANA, Hon. Sheikh mussa fazil (MININTER) HASKEL, Leslie (Human Rights Watch) HATEGEKA, Emmanuel () HATEGEKIMANA, Cyrille (MINECOFIN) HATEKIMANA, Gregoire (Espace Media) HIGIRO, Hon. Prosper (Senate) HIMBARA, Dr. David (PRESIREP) HIRVONEN, Maarit (WFP) HITIMANA, Bosco (East Africa Bisiness Week) HYNES, Ross (Canada) HYNES, Patrick (United Kingdom) INGABIRE, Alicia (NISR) IRIBAGIZA, Dative () IWATANI, H.E. Shigeo (Japan) KABANDANA, Marc (RIAM) KABARISA, Jean claude (ASOFERWA) KABAYIZA MURARA, Lewis (World Bank)
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KAGABA, Dr. Aflodis (HDI) KAHDER AZIRIA, H.E. Abdel (Algeria) KAKUYO, Bob (UNEP) KALENZI, Emmanuel (UNIDO) KALIBATA, Dr. Agnès (MINAGRI) KALIBATA, Anaclet (IMMIGRATION) KALIMBA, Linda (MINAFFET) KALIMBA, Assumpta (MINECOFIN) KALISA, Guy (MINECOFIN) KAMAGAJU, Evelyne (OAG) KAMANZI, Hon. Stanislas (MININFRA) KAMANZI, Desiré (KN Lawyers) KAMBANDA, Evariste () KAMINSKI, Richard (United States of America) KAMPAYANA, Augustin (MINALOC) KAMPETA SAYINZOGA, Pitchette (MINECOFIN) KAMURASE, Alex (World Bank) KANE, Omar (UNDP/UNCT) KANIMBA, François (BNR) KANOTA, Antoine (COPORWA) KANSIME, David () KANTARAMA, Césarie (ROPARWA) KANTARAMA, Pénélope (Western Province) KANYARUKIGA, Sam (MASDEC CONSULT.) KANZAYIRE, Hon. Bernadette (Chamber of Deputies) KARABARANGA, Jean pierre (MIJESPOC) KARAKE, Charles (HIDA) KARANGWA, Prof. Chrysologue (KIST) KARANGWA, Alex (MINECOFIN) KARANI, Alexis (MININFRA) KARAYENZI, Jean claude (BANCOR) KAREGA, Hon. Vincent (MINICOM) KAREKEZI, Jean marie vianney (FARG) KARIMBA, Juvenal (AfDB) KARININGUFU, Patrick (Rwandatel)
KARUGARAMA, Hon. Tharcise (MINIJUST) KATUREEBE, George (CEPEX) KAYEMBA, John (IMF) KAYIHURA, Rogers (World Bank) KAYIRANGA, Jean de dieu (UNDP) KAYITARE, Gabo (DUTERIMBERE) KAYITARE, Celestin (NPC) KAYITESI, Zeinab (NHRC) KAYIZZI-MUGERWA, Steve (AfDB) KAYONGA, Caroline (MINISANTE) KAYUMBA, Hon. Immaculée (Senate) KAZURA, Muriel (MINAFFET) KETTER, Alex (Kenyan Embassy) KHUMALO, Thembo (MTN Rwandacell) KIM, Sung chul (Korea) KIM, H.E. Young-jun (Korea) KIMANUKA, Oscar (ORINFOR) KIMENYI, Felly (The New Times) KIRABO KACYIRA, Dr. Aisa (Kigali City) KLINGEBIEL, Dr. Stephan (KfW) KRAMER, Prof. Dr. Michael (TRAC PLUS) KRISCHEL, Rainel (GTZ) , () KRONBERG, Marianne (Sweden) KUBWIMANA, Hon. Chrysologue (Senate) KWAKWA, Victoria (World Bank) KWON-HYOUNG, Nam (Korea) LAMINE DIALLO, Amadou (UNDP) LAWSON, David (UNFPA) LEITE, H.E. Bjørg s. (Norway) LEWIS, George (USAID) LOGIE, Robert (Canada) LORMANN-NSENGIYUMVA, Claudia (DED) LYAMUGEMA, Vincent (PRIMATURE) MABURUKI, Tembo (World Bank) MACADIE, H.E. Jeremy (United Kingdom) MAGAMBO, Placide (ORINFOR) MAKHOHLOA, Antoinette (SABC)
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MAKOKERA, Daniel (SABC) MAKUBA, Hon. Aaron (Chamber of Deputies) MANIRABIZI, Ayubu (MININTER) MANZI, Eric (CESTRAL/Trade Unions) MANZI, Lawrence (MINALOC) MARSHALL, Moira (United Kingdom) MASABO, Oscar (MINECOFIN) MASAUD, Rashid (IRC) MASOZERA, Poly (Images Media) MASTERS, Andrew (United Kingdom) MATTHYS, Frederik (UNDP) MBABAZI, Jackie (Trust and Care) MBANDA, Prof. Kalisa (ISAE) MBANDA, John (The New Times) MBELENGWA, Booi (South African Embassy) MBUNDU, Faustin (PSF) MELLOR, Ben (United Kingdom) MICHO, Richard (MINECOFIN) MIREMBE, Alphonsina (MINIJUST) MIRENGE, John (Electrogaz) MISIGARO, Ismael (BBC) MITALI, Hon. Protais (MINICOM) MUCYOMWIZA, Valentine (Rwanda Environment Care) MUDENGE, Diogène (RURA) MUGAGA, Johnson a. (RALGA) MUGAMBAGE, Maj. Gen. Frank (PRESIREP) MUGANZA, Hon. Angelina (MIFOTRA) MUGEMA, Olivia (The Netherlands) MUGENI, Clémentine (MINECOFIN) MUGENZI, Fred () MUGIRANEZA, Yussuf (MINECOFIN) MUGISHA, Kije (ORINFOR) MUHONGERWA, Diane (WHO) MUJAWAMARIYA, Hon. Dr. Jeanne d'arc (MINEDUC) MUJUNI, Fred (MINECOFIN) MUJUNI, Jennifer (MINECOFIN) MUKAKARANGWA, Marcelline (MIFOTRA)
MUKAMA, Wellars (MINAFFET) MUKAMASABO, Josephine (PSF) MUKANDEMEZO, Collette (ORINFOR) MUKANKOMEJE, Dr. Rose (REMA) MUKANTABANA, Hon. Marie (Senate) MUKANTAGANZWA, Domitille (Gacaca) MUKARURANGWA, Immaculée (Ombudsman's Office) MUKASHEMA, Louise (MINECOFIN) MUKASINE, Marie claire (SONARWA) MUKETE, Diko jacob (AfDB) MUKEZAMFURA, Hon. Alfred (Chamber of Deputies) MUNTHALI, Fumakazi (OXFAM) MUNYABAGISHA, Hon. Valens (Senate) MUNYAKAZI, Dr. Eng. Louis (NISR) MUNYAKAZI-JURU, Amb. Antoine (CEDP) MUNYAMALIZA, Edourdo (Canada) MUNYAMPENDA, Roger (SIMTEL) MUNYANGANIZI, Hon. Prof. Bikoro (MINITERRE) MUNYENTWARI, Alfred (SOS) MUNYESHYAKA, Vincent (MINECOFIN) MUREKERAHO, Hon. Joseph (MINEDUC) MUREKEZI, Hon. Anastase (MINAGRI) MURENZI, Felicien (MINICOM) MURENZI, Hon. Prof. Romain (PRESIREP) MURIGANDE, Hon. Dr. Charles (MINAFFET) MURRAY-ZMIJEWSKI, Alexandra (MINECOFIN) MUSABEYEZU, Narcisse (MINEDUC) MUSABYIMANA, Thadolis (DUHAMIC -ADRI) MUSAFIRI, Prosper (MINECOFIN) MUSEMAKWELI, John (UNDP)
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MUSEMAKWELI, David (Governance Advisory Council) MUSEMINALI, Hon. Rosemary (MINAFFET) MUSENGA, Doreca (UNDP) MUSHINZIMANA, (MINITERRE) MUSOKE, Kezio david (The East African) MUSONI, Hon. Protais (MINALOC) MUSONI, Hon. James (MINECOFIN) MUTABOBA, Amb. Joseph (MININTER) MUTAMBA KARENZI, Annette (UNDP) MUTANGUHA, Amb. Zephyr (CAMERWA) MUTESI, Ange (MINECOFIN) MUTSINDASHYAKA, Théoneste (Eastern Province) MUTSINZI BWATETE, Grace (RITA) MUTUNZI, Emile (Projet PADBL/MINAGRI) MUYENZI, Wilson (e-Rwanda) MWANANAWE, Aimable (NGO Forum) NAMBAJIMANA, Lamech (ILO) NARITA, Eita (Japan) NDAHIRO, Dr. Alfred (PRESIREP) NDANGIZA, Fatuma (NURC) NDANGIZA, Fatuma (NURC) NDAYISABA, Fidel (Southern Province) NDAYISHIMIYE, Zacharie (CEJP) NDAYISHIMYE, Jules (MINALOC) NDAYISHIMYE, Jules (FENAPHA) NDENGEYA, Patrick (UPHC) NDENZAKO, Jean (AfDB) NDIMIRA, Pascal (MININFRA) NDUSHABANDI, Dr. Desire (KHI) NDUTIYE, Florent (Radio 10) NEUBERT, Joël (European Commission) NGARAMBE, François (MINECOFIN) NGIRUMPATSE, Théogène (PRIMATURE)
NGOGA, Martin (Parquet Général de la République) NIYONSABA, Pascal (ORINFOR) NKUBANA, Janet (PSF) NKULIKIYIMFURA, François (MINECOFIN) NKUNDIMANA, Hobess (CESTRAL/Trade Unions) NKURUNZIZA, Gustave (CAMERWA) NKUSI, Ronald (CEPEX) NKUSI, David (MINECOFIN) NKUSI, Hon. Prof laurent (PRIMATURE) NSANZABAGANWA, Hon. Monique (MINECOFIN) NSENGA, Zack (MINADEF) NSENGIYUMVA, Justin (MINICOM) NSHUTI, Hon. Prof manasseh p. (MIFOTRA) NSUE-MILANG, Dr. Diosdado-vicente (WHO) NTALINDWA, Janvier (Sweden) NTALINDWA, Théodore (UNP) NTANGANDA, Gervans (BHR) NTAWUKURIRYAYO, Hon. Dr. Jean damascene (MINISANTE) NYARUHIRIRA, Hon. Dr. Innocent (MINISANTE) NYATANYI, Hon. Christine (MINALOC) NYAWIRA, Miano (ACBF) NYIRAHABIMANA, Hon. Solina (PRESIREP) NYIRAHABINEZA, Hon. Valérie (MIGEPROF) NYIRAMILIMO, Hon. Odette (Senate) NYIRASAFARI, Espérance (MINIJUST) NYIRIMANA, Joseph (AfDB) NZABANITA, E.b (AfDB) NZANZUMUGANWA, Emmanuel (MINITERRE) NZARAMBA, Emmanuel (PRIMATURE) ODERA, Dr. Josephine (UNIFEM) OGILVY, Robin (MINECOFIN)
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OHEMENG-BOAMAH, Anthony (UNDP) ORDU, Aloysius (AfDB) ORRICO, Jennifer (United States of America) OUEDRAOGO, Jean de matha (SNV) PEGURRI, Elisabetta (UNAIDS) PEPERA, Sandra (United Kingdom) PHILLIPPE, Brown (EIB) PIEDERIET, Sven (BRALIRWA) PLANTENGA, Dorothée (BRALIRWA) POLATAJKO, Tony (United Kingdom) POLISI, Hon. Denis (Chamber of Deputies) QUARSHIE, Fred (MINECOFIN) QUISPEL, Frederieke (The Netherlands) RAMY, H.E. Ahmed (Egyptian Embassy) RANGIRA, Vianney (HHC) REISLE, Markus (Switzerland) ROPERWANA, Robert (SABC) ROUX, H.E. François (Belgium) RUBAGENGA, Emery (PSF) RUBULIKA, Sam (AfDB) RUBURIKA, Sam (FOCUS Newspaper) RUCAGU, Boniface (Northern Province) RUGAMBA, Egide (MINALOC) RUGAMBA, Chantal rosette (ORTPN) RUGANINTWARI, Pascal (MINECOFIN) RUGEMA, Liliane (ARTC/RUHUKA) RUGGIRELLO, Valerio (Italy) RUGIRA, Amandin (MINAFFET) RUGUMIRE, Patrick (AfDB) RUGWABIZA, Léonard (MINECOFIN) RUKESHANKIKO, Dr. Jean françois (MINECOFIN) RURANGIRWA, Jean de dieu (MINECOFIN) RUSAGARA, Dereck (MINECOFIN) RUTAGWENDA, Theogene (RARDA) RUTAREMARA, Maj. Gen. Jill (MINADEF) RUTAREMARA, Tito (Ombudsman's Office)
RUTIKANGA, Edourdo (Espace Media) RUTIKARA, Augustin (MINAFFET) RUZIBUKA, John bosco (UNFPA) RUZINDAZA, Ernest (MINAGRI) RWABIDADI, Eric (IFAD) RWABUHUNGU, Innocent rwabuhunga (PRIMATURE) RWABUYONZA, Jean-paul (UNDP) RWAKA, Pierre claver (FENAPHA) RWAKA MUKAYUHI, Hon. Constance (Chamber of Deputies) RWAMUSHAIJA, Sandra (Rwandatel) RWANGOMBWA, John (MINECOFIN) RWIGAMBA, Andrew (Rwanda National Police) SAFARI, Emmanuel (CLADHO) SAMALI, Octavien bisa (MINECOFIN) SAMMY, Elimam (Abu Dhabi Fund) SAXTON, Sarah (United Kingdom) SAYINZOGA, Diane (MINECOFIN) SAYINZOGA, Jean (RDRC) SCHAUB, Maja (Switzerland) SCOTTI, Annamaria (Canada) SEAGRAVE, Carl (USAID) SEBAGABO, Robert (Supreme Court) SEBERA, Michel (MINECOFIN) SEKABARAGA, Dr. Claude (MINISANTE) SEMINEGA, Augustus (NTB) SENYABATERA, Jean bosco (CCOAIB) SENYANA MOTTIER, Marie noelle (MIGEPROF) SERGE, Wiclef (United Kingdom) SEZIBERA, Amb. Richard (PRESIREP) SHIMADA, Tomoko (Japan) SHIMIYIMANA, Bénoit (MINAFFET) SHINGIRO, Christian (MINECOFIN) SHIRINSKIY, H.E. Mirgayas (Russia) SHUZ HONG, H.E. Sun (People's Republic of China) SIMBI, Claudine (MINAFFET) SIMBURUDALI, Théodore (IBUKA) SOLVEIG, Verheyleweghen (Norway) SONDHIL, Rajesh (Business man-India)
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SOUMARÉ, Moustapha (United Nations Resident Coordinator) SOYAN, Omar (Fodey Security) SPECIOSE, Niyitegeka (ORINFOR) SSALI, Robert (MINECOFIN) STEIN, Katie (MVP/UNDP) STEVER, Jonathan (MINECOFIN) STOIAN, Daniel (United States of America) STRATH, Annelie (World Bank) STRÖM, Arnë (Sweden) TATON, Valerie (UNICEF) TATSUMI, Iwao (Japan) TAYLOR, Carrie (UNDP) TEMPELMAN, Dr. Gertjan (The Netherlands) TOCCO, Christophe (USAID) TOSHIKAZU, Mito (UNDP) TRIKHA, Sunil (Export/Import Bank of India) TUGUME, Faustin (Rwanda Vocational Institute) TURATSINZE, Théogène (BRD) TURYAZOOKA, Moses (Social Impact) TWAJUMUKIZA, Augustin (NISR) UMUTESI, Betty (MINECOFIN) UMUTONI, Christine (UNDP) UMWANA, Jean d'arc (VOA) UWAYISENGA, Hon. Yvonne (Chamber of Deputies) UZARAMA, Vincent (RRA) VADERA, Hon. Shriti (United Kingdom) VAERNEWYCK, Marc (Handicap International) VANDEN BROEKE, Simon (European Commission) VON KÖNIG, Cristof (DED) VON SCHROEDER, Hans (Germany) WASHBURN, Ryan (USAID) WEINGART, Matthias (Switzerland) WHITWORTH, Regan (USAID) WINTON, Liz (United Kingdom) YISA, Claver (MINEDUC) YUMI, Otsuka (Japan) ZAHRANI SAEED, Al (Saudi Fund)
ZAKARIA, Ahmed (WFP) ZEBA, Thérèse (UNFPA) ZHIBIAR, Li (People's Republic of China) ZINNIN, Wang (People's Republic of China) ZONGHUA, Yi (People's Republic of China) ADDICO, Gifty (UNFPA) AFRAH, Ahmed (Fodey Security) AHMED ABDALLAH, Al-Alkeil (BADEA) AKAMANZI, Clare (RIEPA) AKIKU, F.K (NUR) AKORLI, Felix (NUR) ALBHEFILI, Mohammed (Saudi Fund) ALSHAMMARI, Saud (Saudi Fund) ANDEMEL, Toudjida (ILO) ANUSHIKA, Karunaratne (World Bank) APARA, Kingson (World Bank) APIRE, Evelyne (UN HABITAT) APPOLINAIRE, Fotso (Avocats sans Frontiers) ARIETTI, Michael (United States of America) ARMON, Jeremy (United Kingdom) ATUKUNDA, Pamela (UNDP) BADE, Jan (The Netherlands) BADIANE, Alioune (UN HABITAT) BAERT, Theo (Belgium) BAGILIZINA, Emmanuel (MINECOFIN) BAINE, Mary (RRA) BAINGANA, Elias (MINECOFIN) BAKURAMUTSA, Nkubito (RITA) BALASUNDARAM, Rema Nair (Social Impact) BALDWIN, Sandra (United Kingdom) BALEPA, Elisabeth (FAO) BARIKANA, Eugène (MINALOC) BARROW, Lamine (AfDB) BASU, Atrayee (MININFRA) BAVUGAMENSHI, Daniel (AMIR) BAYIGAMBA, Robert (PSF) BAZIVAMO, Christophe (MINITERRE) BEAUPRE, Huguette (Canada) BELEM, Emile (UNHCR)
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BINAGWAHO, Agnes (CNLS) BIRUTA, Vincent (Senate) BISABUKULI HULIRO, Alex (VSO) BISERUKA, Théoneste (MUHUMURIZE ASS) BISHAGARA, Thérèse (PRO-FEMMES/TWESE HAMWE) BIZIMANA, Evariste (TIG) BIZIMANA, Flavier (Images Media) BRANDT, Anna (Sweden) BREMS, Dirk (Belgium) BUGEMBE, Patrick (UNECA) BUTARE, Albert (MININFRA) BYAJE, Gilbert (ORINFOR) BYANYIMA, Martha (Rwanda Horticulture Export Services) CARRASCO, Alex (Canada) CARRERA, Khadija (MIGEPROF) CERAVOLO, Mathilde (COOPI) CHIARA, Pace (UNCDF) CHRISTENSEN, Philip (Care International) CLAGES, Christian (Germany) COLIN, Bruce (World Bank) CORIE-YOUNG, Elisabeth (NUR) COSSAR, Frances (MINECOFIN) CYANZAYIRE, Aloysia (Supreme Court) CYUBAHIRO BAGABE, Mark (ISAR) DAKA, Angel Elias (COMESA) DECLERQ, Dick (Belgium) DEKENS, Jean-Pierre (European Commission) DEM, Amadou (World Bank) DJUMA, Marcel (EDVR) DONADJE, Florentine (UNFPA) DONNAY, Francoise (Belgium) DONNET-DESCARTES, Severine (Switzerland) DRUET, Dirk (MINECOFIN) DULIEU, Pierre (Belgium) DUNCAN, Overfield (United Kingdom) DYER, Rodney (United Kingdom) EHMEIR, Walter (Austria) EISELE, Hubert (KfW) ELHAFEDH OULD BEDDY, Mohamed (BADEA) ENGSTROM, Lars (IMF) EPPRECHT, Tobias (ICRC)
ERICSSON, Malin (Sweden) ESSEQQAT, Henri (UNDP) ESSO OURO-DONI, Safiou (UNDP) EUGÈNE, Rwibasira (CCOAIB) FEWELL, Tye (USAID) FICKERS, Alfred (Belgium) FOUMBI, Joseph (UNICEF) FRIEDERICHS, Andrea (KfW) GAHAKWA, Daphrose (MINAGRI) GAHIGA, Kari (Marvericks) GAHIGI, Bosco () GAHIZI, Methode (AfDB) GAHONGAYIRE, Anne (Supreme Court) GAHONZIRE, Mary (Rwanda National Police) GAKUBA, Didier (NISR) GAKWAYA, Andre (Journal Goblacs…) GAPERI, Henry K. (CSR) GASANA, Charles (NEPAD) GASHOGI, Leornard (BA International) GASHUMBA, Lilliani (CEPGL) GASINZIGWA, Oda (NWC) GATABAZI, E. Thomas (MINECOFIN) GATARAYIHA, Jean Phillipe (NISR) GATARE, Francis (RIEPA) GATERA, James (BK) GATERA, Maggy (UNDP) GATSINZI, Marcel (MINADEF) GATWABUYEGE, Vincent (MININFRA) GENEVIEVE, Dehoux (European Commission) GEOFFROY, Veronique (European Commission) GIHANA MULENGA, Patrick (MINICOM) GISAGARA, Eugene (MINIJUST) GOSLIGA, Rose (MINAGRI) GRULOOS, Jacques (Luxembourg Development Cooperation) HABIMANA, André (MINECOFIN) HABIMANA, André (MINECOFIN) HABIMANA, Jean Damascène (Parquet Général de la République) HABINEZA, Joseph (MIJESPOC) HABUMUREMYI, PP (NEC) HAGUMA, Camille (ORINFOR)
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HAJABAKIGA, Patricia (MINITERRE) HAKIZABERA, Pipien (CAPMER) HAKIZINKA, Ida (Global Fund) HARELIMANA, Mussa Fazil (MININTER) HASKEL, Leslie (Human Rights Watch) HATEGEKA, Emmanuel () HATEGEKIMANA, Cyrille (MINECOFIN) HATEKIMANA, Gregoire (Espace Media) HIGIRO, Prosper (Senate) HIMBARA, David (PRESIREP) HIRVONEN, Maarit (WFP) HITIMANA, Bosco (East Africa Bisiness Week) HYNES, Ross (Canada) HYNES, Patrick (United Kingdom) INGABIRE, Alicia (NISR) IRIBAGIZA, Dative () IWATANI, Shigeo (Japan) KABANDANA, Marc (RIAM) KABARISA, Jean Claude (ASOFERWA) KABAYIZA MURARA, Lewis (World Bank) KAGABA, Aflodis (HDI) KAHDER AZIRIA, Abdel (Algeria) KAKUYO, Bob (UNEP) KALENZI, Emmanuel (UNIDO) KALIBATA, Agnes (MINAGRI) KALIBATA, Anaclet (IMMIGRATION) KALIMBA, Linda (MINAFFET) KALIMBA, Assumpta (MINECOFIN) KALISA, Guy (MINECOFIN) KAMAGAJU, Evelyne (OAG) KAMANZI, Stanislas (MININFRA) KAMANZI, Desire (KN Lawyers) KAMBANDA, Evariste () KAMINSKI, Richard (United States of America) KAMPAYANA, Augustin (MINALOC) KAMPETA SAYINZOGA, Pitchette (MINECOFIN) KAMURASE, Alex (World Bank) KANE, Omar (UNDP/UNCT) KANIMBA, François (BNR) KANOTA, Antoine (COPORWA) KANSIME, David ()
KANTARAMA, Césarie (ROPARWA) KANTARAMA, Pénélope (Western Province) KANYARUKIGA, Sam (MASDEC CONSULT.) KANZAYIRE, Bernadette (Chamber of Deputies) KARABARANGA, Jean Pierre (MIJESPOC) KARAKE, Charles (HIDA) KARANGWA, Chrysologue (KIST) KARANGWA, Alex (MINECOFIN) KARANI, Alexis (MININFRA) KARAYENZI, Jean Claude (BANCOR) KAREGA, Vincent (MINICOM) KAREKEZI, Jean Marie Vianney (FARG) KARIMBA, Juvenal (AfDB) KARININGUFU, Patrick (Rwandatel) KARUGARAMA, Tharcise (MINIJUST) KATUREEBE, George (CEPEX) KAYEMBA, John (IMF) KAYIHURA, Rogers (World Bank) KAYIRANGA, Jean de Dieu (UNDP) KAYITARE, Gabo (DUTERIMBERE) KAYITARE, Celestin (NPC) KAYITESI, Zeinab (NHRC) KAYIZZI-MUGERWA, Steve (AfDB) KAYONGA, Caroline (MINISANTE) KAYUMBA, Immaculée (Senate) KAZURA, Muriel (MINAFFET) KETTER, Alex (Kenyan Embassy) KHUMALO, Thembo (MTN Rwandacell) KIM, Sung Chul (Korea) KIM, Young-jun (Korea) KIMANUKA, Oscar (ORINFOR) KIMENYI, Felly (The New Times) KIRABO KACYIRA, Aisa (Kigali City) KLINGEBIEL, Stephan (KfW) KRAMER, Michael (TRAC PLUS) KRISCHEL, Rainel (GTZ) KRISTENSEN, Urik (UNCDF) KRONBERG, Marianne (Sweden) KUBWIMANA, Chrysologue (Senate) KWAKWA, Victoria (World Bank) KWON-HYOUNG, Nam (Korea) LAMINE DIALLO, Amadou (UNDP)
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LAWSON, David (UNFPA) LEITE, Bjørg S. (Norway) LEWIS, George (USAID) LOGIE, Robert (Canada) LORMANN-NSENGIYUMVA, Claudia (DED) LYAMUGEMA, Vincent (PRIMATURE) MABURUKI, Tembo (World Bank) MACRAE, David (European Commission) MACADIE, Jeremy (United Kingdom) MAGAMBO, Placide (ORINFOR) MAKHOHLOA, Antoinette (SABC) MAKOKERA, Daniel (SABC) MAKUBA, Aaron (Chamber of Deputies) MANIRABIZI, Ayubu (MININTER) MANZI, Lawrence (MINALOC) MANZI, Eric (CESTRAL/Trade Unions) MARSHALL, Moira (United Kingdom) MASABO, Oscar (MINECOFIN) MASABO, Oscar (MINECOFIN) MASAUD, Rashid (IRC) MASOZERA, Poly (Images Media) MASTERS, Andrew (United Kingdom) MATTHYS, Frederik (UNDP) MBABAZI, Jackie (Trust and Care) MBANDA, Kalisa (ISAE) MBANDA, John (The New Times) MBELENGWA, Booi (South African Embassy) MBUNDU, Faustin (PSF) MELLOR, Ben (United Kingdom) MICHO, Richard (MINECOFIN) MIREMBE, Alphonsina (MINIJUST) MIRENGE, John (Electrogaz) MISIGARO, Ismael (BBC) MITALI, Protais (MINICOM) MUCYOMWIZA, Valentine (Rwanda Environment Care) MUDENGE, Diogène (RURA) MUGAGA, Johnson A. (RALGA) MUGAMBAGE, Frank (PRESIREP) MUGANZA, Angelina (MIFOTRA) MUGEMA, Olivia (The Netherlands) MUGENI, Clémentine (MINECOFIN) MUGENZI, Fred () MUGIRANEZA, Yussuf (MINECOFIN) MUGISHA, Kije (ORINFOR)
MUHONGERWA, Diane (WHO) MUJAWAMARIYA, Jeanne d'Arc (MINEDUC) MUJUNI, Fred (MINECOFIN) MUJUNI, Jennifer (MINECOFIN) MUKAKARANGWA, Marcelline (MIFOTRA) MUKAMA, Wellars (MINAFFET) MUKAMASABO, Josephine (PSF) MUKANDEMEZO, Collette (ORINFOR) MUKANKOMEJE, Rose (REMA) MUKANTABANA, Marie (Senate) MUKANTAGANZWA, Domitille (Gacaca) MUKARURANGWA, Immaculée (Ombudsman's Office) MUKASHEMA, Louise (MINECOFIN) MUKASINE, Marie Claire (SONARWA) MUKETE, Diko Jacob (AfDB) MUKEZAMFURA, Alfred (Chamber of Deputies) MUNTHALI, Fumakazi (OXFAM) MUNYABAGISHA, Valens (Senate) MUNYAKAZI, Louis (NISR) MUNYAKAZI-JURU, Antoine (CEDP) MUNYAMALIZA, Edourdo (Canada) MUNYAMPENDA, Roger (SIMTEL) MUNYANGANIZI, Bikoro (MINITERRE) MUNYENTWARI, Alfred (SOS) MUNYESHYAKA, Vincent (MINECOFIN) MUREKERAHO, Joseph (MINEDUC) MUREKEZI, Anastase (MINAGRI) MURENZI, Felicien (MINICOM) MURENZI, Romain (PRESIREP) MURIGANDE, Charles (MINAFFET) MURRAY-ZMIJEWSKI, Alexandra (MINECOFIN) MUSABEYEZU, Narcisse (MINEDUC) MUSABYIMANA, Thadolis (DUHAMIC -ADRI) MUSAFIRI, Prosper (MINECOFIN) MUSEMAKWELI, David (Governance Advisory Council) MUSEMAKWELI, John (UNDP) MUSEMINALI, Rosemary (MINAFFET)
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MUSENGA, Doreca (UNDP) MUSHINZIMANA, (MINITERRE) MUSOKE, Kezio David (The East African) MUSONI, Protais (MINALOC) MUSONI, James (MINECOFIN) MUTABOBA, Joseph (MININTER) MUTAMBA KARENZI, Annette (UNDP) MUTANGUHA, Zephyr (CAMERWA) MUTESI, Ange (MINECOFIN) MUTSINDASHYAKA, Théoneste (Eastern Province) MUTSINZI BWATETE, Grace (RITA) MUTUNZI, Emile (Projet PADBL/MINAGRI) MUYENZI, Wilson (e-Rwanda) MWANANAWE, Aimable (NGO Forum) NAMBAJIMANA, Lamech (ILO) NARITA, Eita (Japan) NDAHIRO, Alfred (PRESIREP) NDANGIZA, Fatuma (NURC) NDANGIZA, Fatuma (NURC) NDAYISABA, Fidel (Southern Province) NDAYISHIMIYE, Zacharie (CEJP) NDAYISHIMYE, Jules (MINALOC) NDAYISHIMYE, Jules (FENAPHA) NDENGEYA, Patrick (UPHC) NDENZAKO, Jean (AfDB) NDENZAKO, Jean () NDIMIRA, Pascal (MININFRA) NDUSHABANDI, Désiré (KHI) NDUTIYE, Florent (Radio 10) NEUBERT, Joël (European Commission) NGARAMBE, Francois (MINECOFIN) NGIRUMPATSE, Théogène (PRIMATURE) NGOGA, Martin (Parquet Général de la République) NIYONSABA, Pascal (ORINFOR) NKUBANA, Janet (PSF) NKULIKIYIMFURA, François (MINECOFIN) NKUNDIMANA, Hobess (CESTRAL/Trade Unions) NKURUNZIZA, Gustave (CAMERWA) NKUSI, David (MINECOFIN)
NKUSI, Ronald (CEPEX) NKUSI, Laurent (PRIMATURE) NSANZABAGANWA, Monique (MINECOFIN) NSENGA, Zack (MINADEF) NSENGIYUMVA, Justin (MINICOM) NSHUTI, Manasseh P. (MIFOTRA) NSUE-MILANG, Diosdado-Vicente (WHO) NTALINDWA, Janvier (Sweden) NTALINDWA, Theodore (UNP) NTANGANDA, Gervans (BHR) NTAWUKURIRYAYO, Jean Damascène (MINISANTE) NYARUHIRIRA, Innocent (MINISANTE) NYATANYI, Christine (MINALOC) NYAWIRA, Miano (ACBF) NYIRAHABIMANA, Solina (PRESIREP) NYIRAHABINEZA, Valérie (MIGEPROF) NYIRAMILIMO, Odette (Senate) NYIRASAFARI, Espérance (MINIJUST) NYIRIMANA, Joseph (AfDB) NZABANITA, E.B (AfDB) NZANZUMUGANWA, Emmanuel (MINITERRE) NZARAMBA, Emmanuel (PRIMATURE) ODERA, Josephine (UNIFEM) OGILVY, Robin (MINECOFIN) OHEMENG-BOAMAH, Anthony (UNDP) ORDU, Aloysius (AfDB) ORRICO, Jennifer (United States of America) OUEDRAOGO, Jean de Matha (SNV) PIEDERIET, Sven (BRALIRWA) PEGURRI, Elisabetta (UNAIDS) PEPERA, Sandra (United Kingdom) PHILLIPPE, Brown (EIB) PLANTENGA, Dorothée (BRALIRWA) POLATAJKO, Tony (United Kingdom) POLISI, Denis (Chamber of Deputies) QUARSHIE, Fred (MINECOFIN) QUISPEL, Frederieke (The Netherlands) RAMY, Ahmed (Egyptian Embassy)
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RANGIRA, Vianney (HHC) REISLE, Markus (Switzerland) ROPERWANA, Robert (SABC) ROUX, François (Belgium) RUBAGENGA, Emery (PSF) RUBULIKA, Sam (AfDB) RUBURIKA, Sam (FOCUS Newspaper) RUCAGU, Boniface (Northern Province) RUGAMBA, Egide (MINALOC) RUGAMBA, Chantal Rosette (ORTPN) RUGANINTWARI, Pascal (MINECOFIN) RUGEMA, Liliane (ARTC/RUHUKA) RUGGIRELLO, Valerio (Italy) RUGIRA, Amandin (MINAFFET) RUGUMIRE, Patrick (AfDB) RUGWABIZA, Leonard (MINECOFIN) RUKESHANKIKO, Jean François (MINECOFIN) RURANGIRWA, Jean de Dieu (MINECOFIN) RUSAGARA, Dereck (MINECOFIN) RUTAGWENDA, Theogene (RARDA) RUTAREMARA, Jill (MINADEF) RUTAREMARA, Tito (Ombudsman's Office) RUTIKANGA, Edourdo (Espace Media) RUTIKARA, Augustin (MINAFFET) RUZIBUKA, John Bosco (UNFPA) RUZINDAZA, Ernest (MINAGRI) RWABIDADI, Eric (IFAD) RWABUHUNGU, Innocent Rwabuhunga (PRIMATURE) RWABUYONZA, Jean-Paul (UNDP) RWAKA, Pierre Claver (FENAPHA) RWAKA MUKAYUHI, Constance (Chamber of Deputies) RWAMUSHAIJA, Sandra (Rwandatel) RWANGOMBWA, John (MINECOFIN) RWIGAMBA, Andrew (Rwanda National Police) SAFARI, Emmanuel (CLADHO) SAMALI, Octavien Bisa (MINECOFIN) SAMMY, Elimam (Abu Dhabi Fund) SAXTON, Sarah (United Kingdom) SAYINZOGA, Diane (MINECOFIN) SAYINZOGA, Jean (RDRC) SCHAUB, Maja (Switzerland)
SCOTTI, Annamaria (Canada) SEAGRAVE, Carl (USAID) SEBAGABO, Robert (Supreme Court) SEBERA, Michel (MINECOFIN) SEKABARAGA, Claude (MINISANTE) SEMINEGA, Augustus (NTB) SENYABATERA, Jean Bosco (CCOAIB) SENYANA MOTTIER, Marie Noelle (MIGEPROF) SERGE, Wiclef (United Kingdom) SEZIBERA, Richard (PRESIREP) SHIMADA, Tomoko (Japan) SHIMIYIMANA, Bénoit (MINAFFET) SHINGIRO, Christian (MINECOFIN) SHIRINSKIY, Mirgayas (Russia) SHUZ HONG, Sun (People's Republic of China) SIMBI, Claudine (MINAFFET) SIMBURUDALI, Théodore (IBUKA) SOLVEIG, Verheyleweghen (Norway) SONDHIL, Rajesh (Business man-India) SOUMARÉ, Moustapha (United Nations Resident Coordinator) SOYAN, Omar (Fodey Security) SPECIOSE, Niyitegeka (ORINFOR) SSALI, Robert (MINECOFIN) STEIN, Katie (MVP/UNDP) STEVER, Jonathan (MINECOFIN) STOIAN, Daniel (United States of America) STRATH, Annelie (World Bank) STRÖM, Arne (Sweden) TATON, Valerie (UNICEF) TATSUMI, Iwao (Japan) TAYLOR, Carrie (UNDP) TEMPELMAN, Gertjan (The Netherlands) TOCCO, Christophe (USAID) TOSHIKAZU, Mito (UNDP) TRIKHA, Sunil (Export/Import Bank of India) TUGUME, Faustin (Rwanda Vocational Institute) TURATSINZE, Théogène (BRD) TURYAZOOKA, Moses (Social Impact) TWAJUMUKIZA, Augustin (NISR) UMUTESI, Betty (MINECOFIN) UMUTONI, Christine (UNDP)
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UMWANA, Jean d'Arc (VOA) UWAYISENGA, Yvonne (Chamber of Deputies) UZARAMA, Vincent (RRA) VADERA, Shriti (United Kingdom) VAERNEWYCK, Marc (Handicap International) VANDEN BROEKE, Simon (European Commission) WASHBURN, Ryan (USAID) WEINGART, Matthias (Switzerland) WHITWORTH, Regan (USAID) WINTON, Liz (United Kingdom) YISA, Claver (MINEDUC) YUMI, Otsuka (Japan)
ZAHRANI SAEED, Al (Saudi Fund) ZAKARIA, Ahmed (WFP) ZEBA, Therese (UNFPA) ZHIBIAR, Li (People's Republic of China) ZINNIN, Wang (People's Republic of China) ZONGHUA, Yi (People's Republic of China) D'ARCSHEE, Edourdo (Marvericks) DE BOER, Vincent (European Commission) DOS SANTOS, Daniel (ADRA) VON KÖNIG, Cristof (DED) VON SCHROEDER, Hans (Germany)