report output c1: survey design for pursat water supply

8/4/2019 Report Output C1: Survey Design for Pursat Water Supply

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2010

EXTENSION OF WATER SUPPLY, CAPACITY BUILDING AND

MONITORING ACHIEVEMENTS TOWARD REACHING CMDGs

IN PURSAT TOWN, CAMBODIA

Summary Report

Survey Design for Pursat Town (C1)

P U R S A T W A T E R

S U P P L Y U T I L I T Y

C A M B O D I A

Mekong Regional Water and Sanitation Program

(MEK-WATSAN)


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Currently the population of Mekong Basin is around 250 million in which four of six countries

have the economic growth approximately 5% since 1980s. The population growth rate is in

between 4%-5% per annum. Poor people in Cambodia, Lao and Vietnam have migrated to urban.

Currently poor households in urban consist of about 9%-26% of urban population. Most of those

poor people live in remote areas or slum areas which are not hygiene (no sewerage system) donot have water supply system, sanitation facilities and other social services. With the high

growth rate and lack of proper planning of relevant authorities like potable water supply,

sanitation infrastructures, and other facilities has affected their livelihood and health. In general,

those poor people have to pay more for water than medium or rich people and the results they are

getting poorer and poorer.

After a long period of civil war, Cambodia now is developing gradually. The Royal Government

of Cambodia has set out Cambodian millennium development goals which are in line with the

world MDGs; and water supply and sanitation are mentioned in the CMDGs. They are clearly

mentioned that at least 80% of urban population will have water supply and 74% will have

sanitation facilities by year 2015. To achieve these goals, the RGC has developed national

policies related water supply and a number of measures since 2004. For example, there were anumber of reforms in water supply sector like Phnom Penh and Siem Reap water supply

authorities were transferred to autonomous authorities.

Even then water supply and sanitation in Cambodia are still big issues which need large amount

of investment from the RGC and it is clear that RGC does not have enough budgets to invest in

this sector and need support from outsiders, and most of the loans were allocated in

infrastructure development like roads, bridges, schools, hospital, etc. So it needs supports from

NGOs, IO or UN organizations.

Based on the above mentioned CMDG, UNHABITAT with the cooperation from MIME,

especially Potable Water Department have implemented water supply extension and sanitation

project in four provincial towns: Kampong Thom, Pursat, Kampong Cham and Svay Rieng.

This project under the MEK-WATSAN programme has been designed to demonstrate a

community based approach which will increase the access by the poor to improve, affordable

and sustainable water supply. This project builds on the efforts of the government and the

investment already made, and will contribute to strengthening the capacities of MIME in

monitoring progress towards achieving the MDGs for water and sanitation as well as the

capacities of the Pursat Water Supply Utility and district authorities in improving water and

sanitation services through participatory and innovative approaches by 2011, 7,700 people -out

of wich 23 percent are poor-will benefit from the expansion of water supply infrastructure. With

the project completed successfully, the coverage of water will rise to 55 percent.

MIME has conducted workshops to introduce MEK-WATSAN program to those targeted four

towns. The stakeholder workshop was help to disseminate the main objectives and scope of the

project, and to coordinate main activities at the town level. In coordination with local authorities,

commune council and community representatives, Pursat Water Supply Utility led a

participatory assessment of beneficiaries to identify the poor householders in expansion areas as

well as to coordinate implementation arrangements. This activity included the definition of a set

of criteria to identify poor households to inform pro-poor water cost-sharing arrangements such

as revolving funds for household connection fees. The assessment of beneficiaries also provided

preliminary data for water indicators database and support the development of a poverty map.

The engagement with the community provided an opportunity to build wide support for the

project including its objectives and implementation methodology.


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To analyze the situation of water and sanitation the baseline data survey was undertaken using

intensive analysis of existing relevant water and sanitation condition of target town and a

combination of secondary and primary data. The step to collect the primary data was conducted

as follows:

- Develop questionnaire on baseline data,- Selection of enumerator for conducting the data collection,- Provide training to enumerator on questionnaire and method of survey,- Field work-survey activities,- Baseline data input,- Baseline data analysis.

The stakeholder workshop was held on 10 August 2010 in Pursat Town. There were total 37

participants from different government institutions i.e. MIME, Pursat Water Supply Utility,

Department of Industry, Mines and Energy, local authorities; communities and 2 NGOs like

Alliance Action for Rural Restoration and Prum Vihear Thor were invited to attend the

workshop.

The purpose of stakeholder workshop was to discuss and plan the MDG monitoring strategies for

secondary towns follow the framework of the Urban Inequities Survey (UIS). MIME, in a

participatory manner explained the rationale and objectives of the envisaged MDG-monitoring;

adapt relevant indicator categories to the situation of water and sanitation in secondary town ;oversee the design and development of a survey for monitoring the MDGs; define criteria for

suitable enumerators from community, water utility, NGO and municipality; and develop an

action plan. After the workshop volunteers were selected to conduct the baseline survey. The

objectives of the workshop were:

- To introduce the MEK-WATSAN program,- To discus on water and sanitation indicators and survey methodology,- To discus on poor household selection criteria,- To discus on poverty mapping.

Five presentations were made during the stakeholder workshop:

- First presentation was presented by Mr. Sorn Savnin on MDGs and CMDG related towater and sanitation. This presentation focused on the objective of the project, MDGs and

CMDGs and the advantage and disadvantage of using safe water,

- Second presentation illustrates about the present operation of Pursat Water SupplyUtility. This presentation focused on the present condition of water supply in the town

and the extension target of water supply under the support from UN-HABITAT and the

process of water treatment of Pursat Water Supply Utility,

- Third presentation presented by Mr. Teang Sokhom about the water and sanitationindicators for baseline survey. This was the explanation and discussion on the existing

baseline questionnaire that established by UN-HABITAT,

- Forth presentation presented by Ms. Sorn Somoline about baseline survey method andsampling selection. The presentation focused on the method to conduct the survey in

target area including sampling method,- Fifth presentation presented by Mr. Teang Sokhom about poverty mapping method. Thispresentation focused on the method of poverty mapping for poor household in the target

area.

The discussion topic focused on water and sanitation baseline survey indicators (baseline

questionnaires). There were many questions regarding to the water and sanitation indicators

(baseline questionnaires) from the participants. There was no additional indicator to add to the

existing indicators. The local authority and communities proposed to conduct the poverty

mapping based on the Government's poor household classification. There are two categories of

poor household i.e. poor category 1 and 2 where poor category 1 is the poorest household and


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poor category 2 is poor household. The criteria for evaluating the poor categories were defined

by Ministry of Planning and were advised to use for the whole country. The poverty mapping

was followed the following steps:

- Collect poor household data from Sangkat authorities- Go to collect poor household location by using GPS with the guidance from village chiefs- Use existing high resolution aerial ortho-photo acquired in 2005 for mapping roads,

rivers, houses and water supply pipelines

- Overlay poor household location from GPS on the aerial ortho-photo- Create household database- Prepare poverty maps- Verify poverty map with local authorities.

The baseline questionnaire consists of nine main sections as:

i) Water and Sanitation Module: have 11 questions;ii) Volume and payment for drinking water: Consumers with piped water

connections: have 8 questions and Consumers without piped water connections:

have 5 questions;

iii) Disruptions to the water supply: have 2 questions;iv) Household treatment of drinking water: have 3 questions;v)

Source of water for cleaning, washing and bathing: have 4 questions;vi) Sanitation: have 8 questions;

vii) Sewage Treatment: have 4 questions;viii) Solid Waste Disposal: have 14 questions;ix) Health questions: have 4 questions.

The baseline questionnaire was modified during the stakeholder workshop as follows:

- Added the note at the beginning of the questionnaire in order to explain thesurveyor to get more understanding about the objective of the project as well as

the purpose of survey.

- The distance of latrine to water sources like well and pond. (added in SanitationSection)

- The reason of not having toilet (added in Sanitation Section, on question WS23A)- Did your family get any awareness campaign on health care from the government

or NGOs so far? (added in Health Section)

- Added the code (H1, H2, H3, H4) of each question in Health Section,The training of field enumerators was provided before undertaking the survey. About 43

enumerators including 4 women were selected to provide training on baseline data survey. The

training on questionnaire and method of survey was conducted in Department of Industry Mine

and Energy on 11 August 2010 to build the capacity of the enumerators in undertaking data

collection activities. The volunteer come from Pursat Provincial Department of Industry, Mine

and Energy, Water Supply Utility, local authorities and communities. These enumerators were

selected by Water Supply Authority and Commune authority based on the following criteria: i)literated; ii) have experience in field survey; and iii) voluntery. The pre-test was conducted in

Pur Taury village. The participants were divided into two groups working on pretesting of

baseline survey. The leader of the group has conducted a demonstration on sampling selection

and asking the question about baseline questionnaire. Then each group conducted the survey by

themselves. After finished field-test, all groups presented their survey result and raised the

problem they have faced during the survey as follows:

- Difficult to get the answer on total monthly income because some household are laborwork and had paid by days ;

- Household tried to increase their expense and decrease their income;


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- Question WS1: some household have many sources of water for drinking such aspiped, rain, and well. So how to write down the answer? It met the same problem for

all sources water use.

To refer to this problem, local consultant explained about how to ask about the monthly income

by asking all the occupation of all household family and calculate one by one then summed up

the total household income. Related to the increasing of expense and decrease income, the

interviewer should balance the income with the expense. About the sources of water use for

every purpose, the interviewer have to write which is the main source of water that family use.

There was no modification on the questionnaire after field-test.

All relevant stakeholders will cooperate with this baseline survey activity. The local authorities

especially commune/sangkat, village chiefs and communities were happy to help the program in

surveying and implementing. They understood and knew about baseline survey method and how

to choose sample for conducting the survey.

The enumerators were divided into six groups for conducting the base line survey in the project

target areas. Below are the target villages and communes/Sangkat to be surveyed:

- Group survey in Sangkat Pteah Prey. The responsible person was Mr. Ka Heum -Sangkatcouncil. This group was divided into two sub-group and survey only two villages: Kork

and Tnot Tret Village.- Group survey in Sangkat Pteah Prey. The responsible person was Mr. Phurng Sarith

Sangkat council. This group was divided into two sub-group and survey only two

villages: O Sdao and Ra Village.

- Group survey in Sangkat Lolork Sor. The responsible person was Mr. Korng Bunkea-Chief of Sangkat Lolork Sor. This group has only one sub-group and survey only one

village-Pur takury village.

- Group survey in Sangkat Lolork Sor. The responsible person was Mr. So Salurt- Sangkatcouncil. This group was divided into two sub-group and survey two villages: Prek Sdey

and Lolork Sor Village.

- Group survey in Sangkat Svay Art. The responsible person was Mr. Yors Som Art- ChiefSangkat. This group was divided into two sub-group and survey two villages: Sathany

and Krang Popleak Village.

- Group survey in Sangkat Svay Art. The responsible person was Mr. Urn Sorn -Sangkatcouncil. This group was divided into three sub-group and survey three villages: O Sdao

Svay Art and Trang Village.

The household survey will start on 23 August 2010. The sample household has selected based on

the location of water supply extension. The sample for interview is 30% of total household in

each target village. The sample households were selected by random method. The baseline data

collection covered 694 households over the different terrains of the three Sangkat of Pursat

Town of Pursat Province. The numbers of household to be interviewed in each commune were as

follows:

1. Sangkat Pteah Prey surveyed in 6 villages: 213 households;2. Sangkat Lolork Sor surveyed in 3 villages : 210 households;3. Sangkat Svay Art surveyed in 5 villages : 254 households

Table below provides a description on the survey coverage, sample and census statistics for the

target Sangkat to be interviewed.


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Number of household to be interviewed for baseline data collection

Sangkat Villages Census HHSample HH to

be interviewed

Response

Rate

Svay Art

Staneiy 276 83 100%

Krang Popleak 175 53 100%

Osdao 163 49 100%Trang 88 26 100%

Svay Art 199 60 100%

Pteah Prey

Kok 182 55 100%

Tnoat Tret 173 52 100%

Osdao 157 47 100%

Ra 198 38 100%

Lolok Sor

Pur Takury 337 101 100%

Prek Sdey 257 77 100%Lolork Sor 107 32 100%

report output c1: survey design for pursat water supply

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