report savages state finances, says more cuts, tax hikes inevitable

7/31/2019 Report savages state finances, says more cuts, tax hikes inevitable

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Tizatx ao xfi

Pxkxi Dyhnix @tcpcp Xkpe Oat`i

CGGCBACP TIZATX


2/69

Lati cboatlkxcab cp kvkcgkdgi kx

~~~"pxkxidyhnix`tcpcp"atn

Pxkxi Dyhnix @tcpcp Xkpe Oatì' A`xadit 4:;4

Xfcp cp k tizatx ao xfi Pxkxi Dyhnix @tcpcp Xkpe Oatì ztizktih cb àggkdatkxcab ~cxf Tc`fkth Hs

ao xfi Cbpxcxyxi ao Navitblibx kbh Zydgc` Kookctp kx xfi Ybcvitpcxs ao Cggcbacp" Xkpe Oatì lil

Habkgh Dash avitpk~ xfi ztahy`xcab ao xfcp tizatx"


3/69

Xkdgi ao @abxibxp

Ocp`kg Sikt 4:;; """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" ;;

Ocp`kg Sikt 4:;4 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" ;4

Ocp`kg Sikt 4:;0= Ibàytkncbn Dyhnix K`xcabp' Dyx Ly`f xa di Habi """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" ;4

Xfi Zagcxc`p ao Pzibh' dyx Habx Xk """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" ;?

Xfi Dyhnix Ztaìpp """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" ;>

Cggcbacp P{ycpfs Dkgkbìh Dyhnix Ti{yctilibx """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" ;>

Xfi Tyb,Yz xa xfi @yttibx Ocp`kg @tcpcp """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" ;6

Dcn Pxtchip' Dyx k Gabn ^ks xa Na """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" ;6

Xfi ^ks Zibpcab @apx Kti Tizatxih @kb Adp`yti xfi Ztadgil """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 4:

Dkèntaybh kbh Fcpxats """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 4:

Tiànbc}cbn xfi Ztadgil dyx Zyxxcbn Aoo xfi Zkcboyg Pagyxcab oat Siktp """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 4;

@fkbncbn Zibpcabp cb Cggcbacp= Plkgg Pxtchip """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 4;

Pitcayp Ztadgilp Tilkcb """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 44

Cggcbacp Lihc`kch= Fcnf @avitkni kbh @apxp' Ga~ Izibhcxytip zit Ibtaggii""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 48

Dyhnix Ztipibxkxcab Lkeip Lihc`kch Fkth xa Pii """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 49

Dcn Pxtchip= 4:;4 Lihc`kch @fkbnip """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 4?

Xfi Kooathkdgi @kti K`x kbh Oyxyti Lihc`kch Pzibhcbn cb Cggcbacp """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 4?

Xcli,Pfcox Dyhnixcbn= Zibpcab Adgcnkxcab Datta~cbn kbh Babti`yttcbn Tipaytìp """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 46

Xcli,Pfcox Dyhnixcbn= Zkslibx Higksp """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 46

Oybh,Pfcox Dyhnixcbn= Bktta~ Oa`yp ab Nibitkg Oybhp Dyhnix Adp`ytip Xtyi Zc`xyti """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 43

Oybh P~iizp kbh Tigkxih Pzi`ckg Oybh Xtkbpoitp """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 0:

Xftikx xa Ocp`kg Pxkdcgcxs= Cggcbacp Fkp Ba Tikg Tkcbs Hks Oybh """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 0:


4/69

Tizatxp ao xfi Pxkxi Dyhnix @tcpcp Xkpe Oat i Cggcbacp Tizatx

4

Pzi`ckg Adgcnkxcab Hidx= Fkth xa Pii """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 00

Ha~bntkhip= Cggcbacp cp xfi âtpx Pxkxi cb xfi Bkxcab """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 00

Nta~xf ao Pxkxi Hidx """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 08

Tigckbì ab Pfatx,Xitl @kpf Datta~cbn """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 09

Dkèntaybh kbh Fcpxats= ZtiE,;4 Ihy`kxcab """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 0>

Fcnfit Ihy`kxcab """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 03

@abhcxcab ao Cggcbacp Cbotkpxty`xyti """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 8;

@kzcxkg Ocbkb`cbn """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 84

@abpi{yibìp ao Ybhitcbvipxlibx cb Cbotkpxty`xyti """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 80

Nibitkg Pkgip Xk """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 88

Zitpabkg Cbàli Xk """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 89

@atzatkxi Cbàli Xk """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 89

Pigi`xcvi Pkgip Xkip= @cnktixxi' Laxat Oyig' Xigiàllybc`kxcabp """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 8?

Oihitkg Oybhp cb Cggcbacp """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 86

Lkei xfi Xaynf @facìp Paabit Tkxfit xfkb Gkxit """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 9;

Tivklz xfi Pxkxip Ocp`kg Xaagecx """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 9;

Axfit Cppyip """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 94


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8/69


?

Oati~ath

Oatlit Bi~ Sate Gciyxibkbx Navitbat Tc`fkth Tkvcx`f kbh oatlit Oihitkg Tipitvi Dakth @fkct Zkyg _agèit `tikxih xfi

Pxkxi Dyhnix @tcpcp Xkpe Oatì di`kypi ao xfict nta~cbn àbìtb kdayx xfi gabn,xitl ocp`kg pypxkcbkdcgcxs ao xfi pxkxip kbh

xfi zitpcpxibx pxty`xytkg cldkgkbì cb pxkxi dyhnixp' ~fc`f ~kp k`ìgitkxih ds xfi ocbkb`ckg àggkzpi ao 4::6"

Koxit ixibpcvi zgkbbcbn kbh oybhtkcpcbn cb 4:;: kbh iktgs 4:;;' Lipptp" Tkvcx`f kbh _agèit ti`tycxih k dakth ao

cbhcvchykgp ~cxf ixibpcvi kbh vktcih `ktiitp cb zydgc` pitvcì kbh zydgc` zagc`s" Xfi Xkpe Oatì ~kp aooc`ckggs gkyb`fih cb

Kztcg 4:;;"

Cb khhcxcab xa xfi à,`fkctp' xfi dakth ao xfi Pxkxi Dyhnix @tcpcp Xkpe Oatì cb`gyhip xfipi lilditp=

Bc`fagkp O" Dtkhs Mapizf K" @kgcokba' Mt"

Zfcggcz G" @gks Hkvch @tkbiZixit Naghlkte Tc`fkth Z" Bkxfkb

Kgcì L" Tcvgcb Lkt` _" Pfk~

Niatni Z" Pfygx}

Xfi ii`yxcvi hcti`xat ao xfi Xkpe Oatì cp Habkgh Dash' ab gikvi otal fcp tipzabpcdcgcxcip kp pibcat oigga~ kx xfi Taèioiggit

Cbpxcxyxi ao Navitblibx" Tkvcx`f kbh Dash ~ateih xanixfit xa kppildgi k àti xikl ao izitxp ~cxf dyhnix kbh ocbkb`ckg

zgkbbcbn izitcibì kx xfi bkxcabkg' pxkxi' kbh ga`kg givigp kbh ztk`xc`kg izitcibì hitcvih otal xfi lkbknilibx ao

ztivcayp ocp`kg `tcpip" Xfi bklip ao xfi oygg ztami`x xikl `kb di oaybh ab xfi Kèba~gihnilibxp zkni kx xfi ibh ao xfcp

tizatx"

Xfi Xkpe Oatì hi`chih xa oa`yp ab xfi lkmat xftikxp xa pxkxip ocp`kg pypxkcbkdcgcxs" Pcbì cx ~kp bax oikpcdgi xa pxyhs ik` f

ao xfi ocoxs pxkxip cb hizxf' ~i hi`chih xa xktnix pc pxkxip @kgcoatbck' Cggcbacp' Bi~ Mitpis' Bi~ Sate' Xikp' kbh _ctncbck

oat cb,hizxf' abpcxi kbkgspcp" Cb ik`f pxkxi' xfi àti xikl ~ateih `gapigs ~cxf izitxp ~fa ~iti hiizgs oklcgckt ~cxf xfi

pydpxkbì' pxty`xyti' ztaìhytip' ha`ylibxp' kbh zagcxc`p ao xfi pxkxip dyhnix" Xfi bklip ao dyhnix izitxp àbpygxih cb

ik`f pxkxi `kb di oaybh ab xfi Kèba~gihnilibxp zkni kx xfi ibh ao xfcp tizatx" Xfi àti xikl kbh pxkxi izitxp

àbhy`xih hixkcgih cb{yctcip cbxa lkmat cppyi ktikp cb`gyhcbn Lihc`kch' zibpcabp' xk tivibyip' hidx' xfi ocp`kg ztadgilp ao

ga`kg navitblibxp' kbh pxkxi dyhnixcbn kbh zgkbbcbn ztaìhytip" Cb hacbn pa' xfi àti xikl kbh pxkxi izitxp tivci~ih

dyhnix ha`ylibxp kbh hkxk otal xfi tipzi`xcvi pxkxip kbh cbxitvci~ih eis dyhnix aooc`ckgp"

Xfi Xkpe Oatì tigikpih cxp lkcb tizatx cb Mygs 4:;4' oa`ypcbn ab cppyip xfkx `yx k`tapp xfi pc pxkxip" Xfi Xkpe Oatì kgpa

cp ztizktcbn tizatxp ab cbhcvchykg pxkxip' cb`gyhcbn xfcp tizatx ab Cggcbacp"


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>

Pyllkts

Cggcbacp dyhnix cp bax ocp`kggs pypxkcbkdgi" Hipzcxi tiìbx ztantipp kbh hcooc`ygx `facìp' cx cp pxcgg cb k hiiz fagi" Cx `kbbax

pclygxkbiaypgs àbxcbyi `yttibx pitvcìp' eiiz xkip kx `yttibx givigp' ztavchi kgg ztalcpih dibiocxp' kbh lkei biihih

cbvipxlibxp cb ihy`kxcab kbh cbotkpxty`xyti" Kgg ao xfi lkmat xftikxp chibxcocih ds xfi Xkpe Oatì cb cxp Mygs 4:;4 tizatx fkvi

àbxtcdyxih xa Cggcbacp `yttibx ztadgilp kbh ~cgg àbxtcdyxi xa oyxyti dyhnix ,dkgkb`cbn pxtynngip"

Cggcbacp fkp xfi ~atpx yboybhih zibpcab gckdcgcxs ao kbs pxkxi' kb ipxclkxih (69 dcggcab" Cx fkp ybhitoybhih cxp zibpcab

pspxilp pcbì xfi iktgs ;36:p" @abxtcdyxcabp ba~ lypx ip`kgkxi tkzchgs co Cggcbacp cp xa fabat ztalcpih dibiocxp5 ds ocp`kg

sikt 4:;9' zibpcab àpxp &kbh tigkxih hidx pitvcì àygh xkei yz abi,oaytxf ao xfi pxk xip tipaytìp" Cggcbacp ~cgg bax di

kdgi xa oybh axfit ztcatcxcip ybgipp cx khazxp pitcayp zibpcab tioatl"

Lihc`kch ibtagglibx kbh izibhcxytip cb Cggcbacp haydgih dix~iib 4::: kbh 4:;;' nta~cbn okt lati tkzchgs xfkb xk

tivibyi" Cb Mybi 4:;4 xfi pxkxi lkhi lkmat `fkbnip xfkx tihyì pzibhcbn' dyx tcpcbn fikgxf `kti àpxp kbh xfi kncbn

zazygkxcab ~cgg àbxcbyi xa htcvi àpxp yz~kth" ^cxfayx oytxfit tioatl' ybpypxkcbkdgi Lihc`kch nta~xf ~cgg `ta~h ayx axfit

ippibxckg ktikp ao xfi dyhnix"

Cggcbacp hidx cp kgpa `ta~hcbn ayx xfi dyhnix" Cb 4::0 Cggcbacp pagh k tiàth,dtikecbn (;: dcggcab cb zibpcab adgcnkxcab dabhp'

kbh knkcb cb ocp`kg siktp 4:;: kbh 4:;;' xfi pxkxi pagh dabhp xa àvit cxp ti{yctih àbxtcdyxcabp" Xfi tipygx ao zibpcab

datta~cbn cp xfkx Cggcbacp hidx zit `kzcxk cp abi ao xfi fcnfipx ao kbs pxkxi" Avit ?: zitìbx ao Cggcbacp xaxkg ayxpxkbhcbn hidx

cp hyi xa zibpcab dabhp"

Cggcbacp fkp àlzaybhih cxp `fkggibnip ~cxf zaat ocp`kg lkbknilibx kbh azk{yi dyhnixcbn" Kx xfi abpix ao xfi 4::6

ocbkb`ckg `tcpcp' Cggcbacp ~kp ippibxckggs cbpagvibx" Cb xfi siktp gikhcbn yz xa xfi `tcpcp' Cggcbacp datta~ih kbh pfcoxih labis

k`tapp siktp kbh oybhp xa dkgkbì xfi dyhnix' ~cxfayx ztavchcbn pypxkcbkdgi tipaytìp xa zks oat abnacbn àllcxlibxp"

Dyhnix ncllcèp di`kli k pxkbhkth ztk`xcì" Xfi pxkxi fkp zitibbckggs zypfih cxp dcggp aoo xa xfi oyxyti5 kx xfi pxktx ao

ocp`kg sikt 4:;0' ybzkch adgcnkxcabp otal ztcat siktp ~iti kzztaclkxigs (6 dcggcab" Cggcbacp hch kgg xfcp ~cxfayx kbs patx ao

gabn,xitl ocbkb`ckg zgkb xa tipxati dkgkbì' kbh ~cxfayx tipitvip" Cggcbacp fkp diib hacbn dkèogczp ab k fcnf ~cti' ~cxfayx k

bix"

Bktta~' itahcbn xk dkpip fkvi àbxtcdyxih xa Cggcbacp ocp`kg hcooc`ygxcip" Pxkxi xk tivibyip ~iti pxknbkbx oat kx gikpx k

hi`khi dioati xfi tiìbx tiìppcab" Cggcbacp ibk`xih k lkmat' xilzatkts' cbàli xk cb`tikpi cb 4:;;' dyx xfi khhcxcabkg

tivibyip kti dicbn aoopix ds tihy`xcabp cb oihitkg Klitc`kb Tiàvits kbh Ticbvipxlibx K`x ao 4::3 &KTTK labcip"

Cbàli xk tivibyip ~cgg bax eiiz yz ~cxf nta~xf cb xfi kncbn zazygkxcab di`kypi Cggcbacp iilzxp tixctilibx cbàli" Axfit

xk dkpip ab àtzatkxi cbàli' `cnktixxip' kbh laxat oyig fkvi diib itahcbn kbh okcgcbn xa eiiz yz ~cxf iàbalc`nta~xf" Cggcbacp pkgip xk tkxip kti fcnf' dyx cxp dkpi cp bktta~ kbh xfi pxkxi xkip tigkxcvigs oi~ pitvcìp" Cggcbacp xk

tivibyip kti bax gceigs xa nta~ ibaynf xa liix oyxyti biihp"

Oihitkg hioc`cx tihy`xcab xftikxibp Cggcbacp' kp axfit pxkxip" Oihitkg haggktp k`àybx oat kzztaclkxigs k {yktxit ao xfi pxk xip

kgg,oybhp dyhnix kbh' koxit xfi izctkxcab ao oihitkg pxclygyp pzibhcbn' `yttibxgs kti (;8"6 dcggcab" Oihitkg kch lkx`fip

kdayx 9: zitìbx ao Cggcbacp Lihc`kch pzibhcbn' kbh àbpxcxyxip kdayx 09 zitìbx ao xfi dyhnix ao xfi Hizktxlibx ao


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6

Fylkb Pitvcìp' 0: zitìbx ao xtkbpzatxkxcab' 4: zitìbx ao E,;4 ihy`kxcab' kbh 4: zitìbx ao pzibhcbn oat ibvctablibx

kbh bkxytkg tipaytìp" Oihitkg pzibhcbn `yxp ~cgg zyx xfipi ztantklp kx tcpe"

Cggcbacp kncbn kbh hixitcatkxcbn cbotkpxty`xyti cp cb ytnibx biih ao cllihckxi tizkctp xa liix dkpc` pxkbhkthp ao zydgc`

pkoixs" Disabh xfkx' cx biihp izkbpcab kbh lahitbc}kxcab xa k`àllahkxi oyxyti nta~xf" Avit xfi bix pivitkg hi`khip'

Cggcbacp cbotkpxty`xyti biihp ~cgg gceigs iìih (0:: dcggcab' six xfi pxkxi haip bax fk vi k àlztifibpcvi zgkb xa khhtipp

xfcp `tcxc`kg biih" Xfiti kti tikg àpxp kppa`ckxih ~cxf ybhitoybhcbn ao cbotkpxty`xyti= pfczzcbn kbh xtkvig higksp'

àbnipxcab' zaggyxcab' kbh hclcbcpfih iàbalc` nta~xf"

Xfi pxkxip ocp`kg ztadgilp kooi`x ga`kg navitblibxp cb Cggcbacp ds pftcbecbn tivibyi xtkbpoitp kx k xcli ~fib xfipi labcip

kti lapx biihih" Xfi pxkxi fkp kgpa ztazapih pfcoxcbn oybhcbn tipzabpcdcgcxs oat xik`fitp zibpcabp otal xfi pxkxi xa ga`kg

p`faag hcpxtc`xp" Xfcp ~aygh igclcbkxi pali cbìbxcvip xfkx `kb htcvi zibpcab àpxp yz~kth' dyx ~aygh zyx àbpchitkdgi

ztippyti ab ga`kg ocbkbìp" Ga`kg navitblibxp pxtynngi ~cxf xfict a~b tivibyi ztadgilp' yboybhih zibpcab gckdcgcxcip' kbh

dabh tkxcbn ha~bntkhip" Xfi pxkxi haip lcbclkg labcxatcbn ao ga`kg navitblibx ocbkbìp' kbh dyhnix `yxp àygh oytxfittihyì xfcp avitpcnfx"

Cggcbacp zkpx ocp`kg `facìp kbh oyxyti xftikxp `fkggibni xfi pxkxip kdcgcxs xa liix cxp zazygkxcabp dkpc` biihp' gix kgab i

k`àllahkxi oyxyti nta~xf" Cbotkpxty`xyti cp hixitcatkxcbn" Ihy`kxcab cp xftikxibih" Zydgc` pkoixs' zydgc` fikgxf' kbh `kti

oat xfi biihs kgg kti kx tcpe" Xkzksitp kbh xfi pxkxip àlzixcxcvibipp kti kgpa kx tcpe"

Cggcbacp biihp xa lkei xaynf `facìp ba~" Daxf pzibhcbn `yxp kbh tivibyi cb`tikpip ztadkdgs ~cgg di biihih" Zibpcab

tioatl cp biìppkts xa pkgvkni xfi dibiocxp ao oyxyti tixctiip" Cggcbacp pfaygh ~ate ~cxf xfi oihitkg navitblibx xa àbxtag

Lihc`kch àpxp" Azxcabkg xtikxlibxp py`f kp lihc`kxcabp kbh ztivibxcvi `kti `kb di àpx ,iooi`xcvi kgxitbkxcvip xa

fapzcxkgc}kxcab' dyx ybhit xfi `yttibx oihitkg tygip xfipi kti xfi octpx pitvcìp xa di `yx" Kbh xfi pxkxi biihp xa xfcbe

pitcaypgs kdayx tivibyi= Xk tioatl lks di biihih xa k`fcivi kb khi{ykxi' pypxkcbkdgi' kbh ztihc`xkdgi tivibyi pspxil"

Cggcbacp pfaygh tivklz cxp ocp`kg xaagecx" Cx pfaygh khazx lygxc,sikt zgkbbcbn5 hivigaz kbh oybh k likbcbnoyg tkcbs hks oybh5

`tikxi k lati,xtkbpzktibx dyhnix xfkx iklcbip kgg oybhp' bax mypx xfi Nibitkg Oybh5 khazx k babzagcxc`kg tivibyi

oati`kpxcbn ztaìpp5 labcxat xfi ocp`kg àbhcxcab ao ga`kg navitblibxp5 kbh àbpchit axfit tioatlp hixkcgih cb xfcp tizatx"

Ocbkggs' xfi pxkxi biihp xa `fkbni fa~ cx haip dypcbipp" Xfi `ygxyti ao dyhnix ncllcèts kbh pfatx,pcnfxihbipp zypfip

àpxp aoo xa xfi oyxyti' dyx ivibxykggs xfkx ~cgg di clzappcdgi tixctiip lks gapi xfict zibpcabp kp xfi oybhp h~cbhgi5 ga~,

cbàli kbh hcpkdgih ziazgi lks gapi xfict fikgxf`kti kp àpxp ip`kgkxi5 kbh `cxc}ibp kbh dypcbippip piiecbn k pxkdgi

ibvctablibx lks okì pxiiz kbh pyhhib xk cb`tikpip" Cx ~aygh di dixxit oat Cggcbacp xa pxktx ab k gabn,tyb zkxf xa k

pypxkcbkdgi dyhnix xfkb xa gcvi disabh cxp likbp oat pivitkg lati siktp kbh xfib okì k pyhhib' zkcboyg tièabcbn"


11/69


3

Cbxtahy`xcab

Cggcbacp okìp k byldit ao hkybxcbn dyhnixkts `fkggibnip' kbh cp klabn xfi ~atpx pxkxip cb xfi bkxcab ~cxf tinkth xa cxp

ocp`kg àbhcxcab" Cxp dabh tkxcbn cp xfi ga~ipx ao kgg ocoxs pxkxip k`àthcbn xa Laahsp Cbvipxatp Pitvcì' cxp yboybhih zibpcab

gckdcgcxcip kti xfi ~atpx cb xfi àybxts' kbh xfi pxkxi fkp kzztaclkxigs (6 dcggcab cb ybzkch dcggp' k`àthcbn xa xfi Cggcbacp

àlzxtaggit"; Pcnbcoc`kbx zapcxcvi pxizp fkvi diib xkeib xa~kth ocp`kg pxkdcgcxs cb tiìbx siktp' dyx ly`f ~ate tilkcbp xa di

habi"

Fa~ hch cx nix pa dkh1 Cggcbacp cp' koxit kgg' k ~ikgxfs pxkxi ~cxf k hcvitpi iàbals kbh xfi xfcth,gktnipx lixtazagcxkb ktik cb

xfi àybxts" Cggcbacp fkp àtzatkxi fikh{yktxitp' kb cbxitbkxcabkg xtkbpzatxkxcab fyd' k pc}ikdgi lkbyok`xytcbn dkpi' kbh k

byldit ao xaytcpx kxxtk`xcabp" Fa~ hch xfcp fkzzib1

Cb 4::6' xfi zitoi`x pxatl fcx Cggcbacp" Gcei axfit pxkxip' ~fib xfi ocbkb`ckg lkteixp àggkzpih' Cggcbacp pk~ cxp tivibyip

zgyllix kbh hilkbhp oat navitblibx pitvcìp pestaèix" Dyx ybgcei axfit pxkxip' Cggcbacp ~kp iooi`xcvigs cbpagvibx" Cggcbacpfkh ba tipitvip kbh fkh ypih ocp`kg ncllcèp kbh datta~cbn xa dkgkbì xfi dyhnix oat xfi ztivcayp pc at pivib siktp"

Cggcbacp fkh pfatx`fkbnih cxp zibpcab pspxilp oat hi`khip kbh' cb ;338' fkh pix k p`fihygi ao cb`tikpih zkslibxp ik`f

sikt" Kx xfi pkli xcli xfi tivibyi tiìppcab fcx' xfi p`fihygi lkbhkxih pfktzgs fcnfit zkslibxp xa xfi tixctilibx

pspxilp"

Cggcbacp ~kp kgpa cb zagcxc`kg ligxha~b" Xfi pxkxi gincpgkxyti ~kp gaèih cb k pxkgilkxi kp k gabn oihitkg cbvipxcnkxcab ao

Navitbat Dgknamivc`f ibhih ~cxf fcp clzik`flibx kbh tilavkg otal aoocì cb Mkbykts 4::3" &Gkxit' Dgknamivc`f di`kli

xfi piàbh àbpi`yxcvi Cggcbacp navitbat xa di pibx xa ztcpab ab àttyzxcab `fktnip" Ivib ~cxf k bi~ navitbat kbh ~cxf

Cggcbacp Hila`tkxc` gincpgkxatp faghcbn k lkmatcxs cb daxf faypip' xfi pxkgilkxi hch bax ibh"

Xfi bi~ navitbat' oatlit Gciyxibkbx Navitbat Zkx [ycbb' ~kp k zagcxc`kg ayxpchit ~cxf k tizyxkxcab kp k tioatlit" Abi aofcp octpx k`xcabp ~kp xa ztazapi k xk cb`tikpi" Xfi ztazapkg ~kp ybpy`ìppoyg k tivibyi dcgg ~kp zkppih ds xfi Pibkxi

dyx ~kp bivit `kggih oat k vaxi cb xfi Faypi" Kgxfaynf cx ~kp diàlcbn `gikt xa lkbs xfkx k àldcbkxcab ao xk cb`tikpip'

pzibhcbn `yxp' kbh xtkbpcxcabkg datta~cbn ~aygh di biìppkts xa dtcbn xfi pxkxip lkppcvi hioc`cxp ybhit àbxtag' xfiti ~kp

ba zagcxc`kg àbpibpyp kdayx fa~ xa ztaìih"

Xfi lkmat xftikxp xa Y"P" pxkxip ocp`kg pypxkcbkdcgcxs kgg kzzgs xa Cggcbacp" Xfipi cb`gyhi xfi dcn ztadgilp ao yboybh ih

zibpcab gckdcgcxcip kbh Lihc`kch àpxp' daxf ao ~fc`f kti nta~cbn okpxit xfkb xfi pxkxip tivibyip" Xfi gkè ao xtkbpzktib`s

kbh xfi ypi datta~cbn kbh ncllcèp py`f kp zyxxcbn aoo dcggp ybxcg bix sikt àbxtcdyxih xa xfi àboypcab kdayx

zibpcabp kbh Lihc`kch' kbh kgga~ih gikhitp xa zatxtks xfi dyhnix kp dkgkbìh ~cxfayx tkcpcbn xkip at `yxxcbn pitvcìp"

Cggcbacp okìp pitcayp xftikxp otal oyxyti oihitkg dyhnix `yxp kbh hclcbcpfcbn iàbalc` nta~xf" Cxp tivibyip ~iti pxknbkbx

oat k hi`khi dioati xfi abpix ao xfi Ntikx Tiìppcab kbh fkvi itahih avit xcli" Cx cp gceigs xfkx pxkxi tivibyip ~cgg bax di

kdgi xa aoopix ztihc`xih `yxp cb oihitkg oybhp"

Cggcbacp fkp kgtikhs lkhi gktni `yxp xa fylkb pitvcìp kbh ihy`kxcab" Ybgipp dkgkbìh kbh `ktioyggs àbpchitih `fkbnip

kti lkhi xa k byldit ao pzibhcbn ztantklp kbh tivibyi paytìp' oytxfit `yxp cb xfipi hcp`tixcabkts ktikp ao pzibhcbn

~cgg diàli xfi hiokygx dyhnix zagc`s" Latiavit' okcgyti xa ibnkni cb gabn,xitl dyhnix zgkbbcbn kbh okcgyti xa lkei xaynf

dyhnix `facìp ~cgg gikh xa ivib ntikxit zkslibx higksp kbh xfi kxxibhkbx hcpxtipp oat pitvcì ztavchitp"


12/69


;:

Cb xiggcbn xfi pxats ao Cggcbacp ocp`kg xtaydgip' pivitkg xfilip ~cgg ilitni" Abi cp xfi gkè ao xtkbpzktib`s= Xfi ~ks xfi

dyhnix cp ztipibxih kbh hi`chih cp lyhhgih kbh àboypcbn" Piàbh' `ftabc` pfatx,pcnfxihbipp kbh kvachkbì ao xaynf

`facìp fkvi zypfih ztadgilp cbxa oyxyti siktp kbh lkhi xfcbnp ~atpi" K xfcth xfili cp ztantipp ~fcgi Cggcbacp pxcgg

pxtynngip' ztadgilp kti dicbn tiànbc}ih kbh xaynf hi`cpcabp kti dicbn lkhi" Xfkx cp k dcn pxiz cb xfi tcnfx hcti`xcab" Xfi

ocbkg xfili cp xfkx' yboatxybkxigs' Cggcbacp pxktxih ayx cb py`f k hiiz fagi xfkx cx pxcgg fkp k vits gabn ~ks xa na"


13/69


;;

Xfi Ocp`kg Pxkxi ao xfi Pxkxi ao Cggcbacp

Ybhitpxkbhcbn xfi pivitcxs ao Cggcbacp ocp`kg ztadgilp kbh zappcdgi pagyxcabp ti{yctip k `ktioyg dkpigcbi kbkgspcp ao

xtibhp cb tivibyip kbh pzibhcbn" Xfi oagga~cbn pi`xcab ztipibxp k dtcio psbazpcp ao Cggcbacp àbpagchkxih dyhnix pcxykxcab

oat xfi zkpx oi~ siktp &ocp`kg siktp 4:;;' 4:;4' kbh 4:;0 dkpih ab xfi Ybcvitpcxs ao Cggcbacp Cbpxcxyxi ao Navitblibx kbh

Zydgc` Kookctp &CNZK Ocp`kg Oyxytip Ztami`x tipikt`f dtciop kbh tizatxp" 4

Kx xfi dincbbcbn ao ocp`kg sikt &OS 4:;; &Mygs ;' 4:;:' xfi Pxkxi ao Cggcbacp fkh pa lkbs ybzkch dcggp xfkx xfi kvitkni higks

cb zkslibx ~kp avit pivib labxfp"0 Cb xfi lchhgi ao OS 4:;;' xfi Ocp`kg Oyxytip Ztami`x xikl kx CNZK cppyih k tizatx

`fktk`xitc}cbn Cggcbacp ocp`kg pcxykxcab kp Xcxkbc` kbh Pcbecbn"8 Ypcbn k @abpagchkxih Oybhp dyhnix &~fc`f cp ly`f

dtakhit kbh àbpcpxibxgs hiocbih xfkb xfi lati àllabgs tizatxih Nibitkg Oybhp dyhnix#' CNZKp Ocp`kg Oyxytip Lahig

ipxclkxih xfkx xfi OS 4:;; dyhnix fkh kb (;; dcggcab `kpf hioc`cx"9 Xfcp ~kp cb khhcxcab xa xfi (? dcggcab cb ybzkch dcggp

`kttcih avit otal ztcat siktp"

Xfi CNZK Ocp`kg Oyxytip lahig ztami`xih xfkx' kdpibx zagc`s `fkbnip' xfi àbpagchkxih oybhp `kpf hioc`cx àygh tik`f (4>

dcggcab &cb tikg 4:;; haggktp cb xib siktp" Xfi pxyhs htklkxc}ih xfi lknbcxyhi ao xfi dyhnix nkz ~cxf k byldit ao ~fkx

~aygh cx xkei `kg`ygkxcabp" Oat iklzgi=?

Co xfi ztami`xih hioc`cxp ~iti zkch oat ds datta~cbn' hidx pitvcì àpxp ~aygh nta~ xa àbpyli kgg pkgip xk kbhcbàli xk àggi`xcabp cb mypx ocvi siktp"

Xa `gapi xfi nkz ~cxf kb cbàli xk cb`tikpi ~aygh ti{ycti xfi cbhcvchykg xk tkxi xa tcpi xa >"; zitìbx otal xfixfib,icpxcbn 0": zitìbx kbh k ztazatxcabkg tcpi cb xfi àtzatkxi tkxi"

Xa `gapi xfi nkz ~cxf k pkgip xk cb`tikpi ~aygh ti{ycti xfi tkxi xa mylz otal ?"49 zitìbx xa ;0"9 zitìbx" Xa `gapi xfi nkz ~cxf pzibhcbn `yxp kgabi ~aygh ti{ycti avit 49 zitìbx k`tapp xfi dakth tihy`xcabp cb kgg

pzibhcbn &axfit xfkb oat zibpcabp' hidx pitvcì' kbh xtkbpzatxkxcab"

Cb Mkbykts 4:;;' k zagcxc`kg lkmatcxs ~kp oaybh xa ibk`x cbàli xk cb`tikpip' kp ~igg kp `kzp ab pzibhcbn nta~xf' kbh

khhcxcabkg kyxfatcxs xa datta~" Xfi cbàli xk cb`tikpip ~iti gktni' dyx lapxgs xilzatkts= >

Zitpabkg cbàli xk tkxip ~ibx otal 0": zitìbx cb 4:;:' xa 9": zitìbx cb 4:;;,4:;8' xa 0">9 zitìbx cb 4:;8,4:40' kbh 0"49 zitìbx xfitikoxit"

@atzatkxi cbàli xk tkxip ~ibx otal 8"6 zitìbx cb 4:;:' xa >": zitìbx cb 4:;;,4:;8' xa 9"49 zitìbx cb 4:;8,4:40' kbh dkè ha~b xa 8"6 zitìbx xfitikoxit"

Kp k tipygx ao xfi xk cb`tikpip' zitpabkg kbh àtzatkxi cbàli xk àggi`xcabp ~iti (>"? dcggcab' at >4"? zitìbx fcnfit

xfkb xfis ~aygh fkvi diib ~cxfayx xfi tkxi cb`tikpi"6

Kgpa cb Mkbykts 4:;;' k pzibhcbn `kz ~kp ibk`xih xfkx gclcxp Nibitkg Oybh pzibhcbn nta~xf xa 4 zitìbx kbbykggs dix~iib

OS 4:;4 kbh OS 4:;9"3 Xfi ocbkg igilibx ao xfi Mkbykts 4:;; dyhnix zkèkni ~kp kyxfatcxs xa datta~ (0"> dcggcab xa zks

xfi p`fihygih OS 4:;; zibpcab zkslibx kbh zks aoo xfkx hidx avit icnfx siktp"


14/69


;4

Cb xfi lchhgi ao OS 4:;4' CNZK ti`kg`ygkxih xfict ipxclkxip ao xfi `yttibx kbh oyxyti nkzp cb xfi àbpagchkxih oybhp dyhnix

ok`xatcbn cb xfi xilzatkts cb`tikpip cb xfi cbàli xk' xfi Nibitkg Oybh nta~xf `kzp oat OS 4:;4,4:;9' kbh axfit `fkbnip

clzgilibxih oat OS 4:;4";: Ocnyti ;

pfa~p ztami`xcabp oat xftii pìbktcap"

Xfi dkpigcbi ipxclkxi oat kgg xftii

pìbktcap cp k àbpagchkxih dyhnix nkz ao

(4"3 dcggcab cb OS 4:;4' ~fc`f cp ha~b

otal (9"? dcggcab cb OS 4:;;"

Pìbktca &k pfa~p icpxcbn gk~' ~cxf

cbàli xk tkxip ga~itih koxit `kgibhkt

sikt 4:;8 kbh xfi Nibitkg Oybh

pzibhcbn nta~xf `kz izctcbn koxit OS

4:;9" Ocnyti ; pfa~p k pfktz mylz cb xfi

dyhnix nkz xa (3"8 dcggcab cb OS 4:;?

~fib xfipi xilzatkts likpytip izcti"

Di`kypi xfi CNZK lahig ztami`xp

pzibhcbn nta~xf tkxip cb iìpp ao

tivibyi nta~xf tkxip' xfi nkz àbxcbyip

xa nta~ kbh tik`fip k ztami`xih (;0":

dcggcab cb OS 4:44"

Pìbktca &d cb Ocnyti ; pfa~p xfi

ztami`xih dyhnix nkz kppylcbn xfkx cbàli xk tkxip tilkcb kx xfi fcnfit givigp kbh ha bax na ha~b kp p`fihygih koxit

4:;8" Cb xfcp `kpi' xfi ztami`xih nkzp kti ly`f plkggit" Dyx xfi pfatxokgg pxcgg nta~p avit xcli kbh tik`fip (?"? dcggcab cb

4:44"

Pìbktca &` kppylip xfkx xfi cbàli xk tkxip tilkcb kx xfi 4:;; fcnfit tkxip xfkx nta~xf cb kgg pzibhcbn iìzx

oat zibpcabp kbh hidx `kb di figh xa xfi cbogkxcab tkxi pxktxcbn cb OS 4:;0" Ipzi`ckggs ~cxf tcpcbn fikgxf `kti àpxp' xfcp

~aygh tiztipibx pydpxkbxckg `yxp cb lkbs ktikp kbh ~aygh di vits hcooc`ygx xa k`fcivi" Cb xfcp `kpi ao vits xaynf hi`cpcabp

kbh k`xcabp ab daxf xkip kbh pzibhcbn' k dkgkbìh dyhnix cp ztami`xih ds 4:;3"

Cggcbacp OS 4:;0 dyhnix ztaìpp fkp diib k lkteih clztavilibx avit ztivcayp sikt p' cb xfkx gk~lkeitp lkhi k bylditao hcooc`ygx hi`cpcabp tinkthcbn ihy`kxcab' fylkb pitvcìp' kbh Lihc`kch cb k sikt ~fib ivits Pxkxi Faypi kbh Pibkxi pikx

cp yz oat tiigi`xcab" Xfi navitbat kbh gk~lkeitp ~iti cbvagvih cb `tkoxcbn k pzibhcbn zgkb xfkx ~kp dkpih ab tikgcpxc`

ztami`xcabp ao pypxkcbkdgi tivibyip" Xfcp ~kp k dcn pxiz cb xfi hcti`xcab ao ocp`kg pxkdcgcxs" Dyx yboatxybkxigs' lati `yxp ~cgg

di biihih cb xfi siktp kfikh" Kbh Cggcbacp fkp gceigs zypfih aoo cxp dcnnipx `fkggibni zibpcab tioatl ybxcg bix sikt"

Cb xaxkg' xfi OS 4:;0 Nibitkg Oybhp dyhnix cp (00"> dcggcab' kb cb`tikpi otal xfi (00"4 dcggcab dyhnix ao OS 4:;4"

Fa~ivit' xfi 4:;0 dyhnix lkhi k (>:: lcggcab tihy`xcab cb hcp`tixcabkts pzibhcbn" Xfi 4:;0 Nibitkg Oybhp dyhnix

Ocnyti ; w Ztami`xih Nkz cb Cggcbacp @abpagchkxih Dyhnix ybhit

Icpxcbn Gk~' ~cxf Fcnfit Xkip'

kbh ~cxf Cbogkxcab,abgs Nta~xf cb Pzibhcbn

&(;8":#

&(;4":#

&(;:":#

&(6":#

&(?":#

&(8":#

&(4":#

(:":

(4":

(8":

4:;; 4:;4 4:;0 4:;8 4:;9 4:;? 4:;> 4:;6 4:;3 4:4: 4:4; 4:44

&k# xk tkxip htaz zit icpxcbn gk~

&d# xk tkxip eizx yz koxit 4:;8

&`# xk tkxip eizx yz KBH pzibhcbn nta~xf figh xa cbogkxcab

CNZK Ocp`kg Oyxytip Lahig kp ao Bavildit 4:;;"


15/69


;0

cb`gyhip k ztami`xih pytzgyp ao (;"0 dcggcab' ~fc`f cp xa di hcti`xih xa~kth zkscbn ha~b xfi (6 dcggcab dkègan ao ybzkch dcggp

otal OS 4:;4"

Xfiti cp' ao àytpi' baxfcbn ibàytkncbn kdayx `yxp cb ihy`kxcab' lihc`kg `kti' kbh fylkb pitvcìp otal xfi zacbx ao vci~

ao ti`czcibxp at khva`kxip" Abi ao xfi lapx àbxtavitpckg dyhnix kzztaztckxcabp ~kp (?"9 dcggcab oat E,;4 ihy`kxcab' ~fc`f

~kp k `yx ao 0 zitìbx otal OS 4:;4" Navitbat [ycbbp 4:;0 Azitkxcbn Dyhnix fkh kgga`kxih kzztaclkxigs xfi pkli

klaybx oat E,;4 Ihy`kxcab cb OS 4:;0 kp OS 4:;4' dyx gincpgkxatp `yx xfcp klaybx" ;;

Cggcbacp lkhi likbcbnoyg pxtchip xa~kth Lihc`kch tioatl ~cxf k byldit ao `fkbnip xa xfi ztantkl ibk`xih cb Mybi 4:;4"

Xfipi `fkbnip &hixkcgih cb k gkxit pi`xcab cb`gyhi (;"? dcggcab cb Lihc`kch ztantklp `yxp kbh pkvcbnp kbh nkcb xfi pxkxi

taynfgs (; dcggcab cb bi~ `cnktixxi xkip' ztavchit kppipplibxp' kbh oihitkg lkx`fcbn oybhp" ;4

OS 4:;0 dyhnix gincpgkxcab ~cgg `gapi at àbpagchkxi k xaxkg ao ocoxs,pivib pxkxi ok`cgcxcip cb`gyhcbn pc oat àtti`xcabp' x~a

sayxf ìbxitp' oayt ìbxitp oat xfi libxkggs cgg kbh xfi hivigazlibxkggs hcpkdgih' kbh k byldit ao plkggit ok`cgcxcip gcei

zktecbn nktknip" Xfcp cp ztami`xih xa pkvi (64 lcggcab cb OS 4:;0 kbh (;0? lcggcab cb OS 4:;8" Kb iklzgi ao xfi

hcooc`ygxcip kppa`ckxih ~cxf lkecbn `fkbnip cp xfi fyni zypfdkè otal àbpxcxyib`cip ao xfi àtti`xcabkg kbh fylkb

pitvcì ok`cgcxcip xa di `gapih" Navitbat [ycbb athitih xfi `gapyti ao xfi Xkllp @atti`xcabkg @ibxit' k fcnf pi`ytcxs ztcpab

cb payxfitb Cggcbacp" Gk~lkeitp àbìtbih ~cxf ga`kg madp azzapih cxp `gapcbn' kbh k tivci~ àllcppcab vaxih xa eiiz cx

azib";0 Cb Mygs 4:;4' xfi ybcab tiztipibxcbn xfi àtti`xcabkg aoocìtp pyih xa pxaz xfi `gapyti' kbh xfi ayxàli cp `yttibxgs

cb lihckxcab";8

Nkldgcbn izkbpcab gincpgkxcab' ~fc`f ~aygh kgga~ k bi~ `kpcba cb @fc`kna zgyp oayt khhcxcabkg tcvitdakx `kpcbap kbh pgax

lk`fcbip kx fatpi xtkèp' zkppih xfi gincpgkxyti dyx ~kp vixaih ds Navitbat [ycbb" Pyzzatxitp `gkcl xfi nkldgcbn dcgg

àygh nibitkxi (; dcggcab zit sikt kbh `tikxi ;::'::: madp" Navitbat [ycbb `cxih ixfc`kg cppyip kbh xfi tinygkxats

kyxabals xfkx ~aygh di ncvib xfi @fc`kna `kpcba";9

Ao Cggcbacp xftii dcnnipx ocp`kg ztadgilp zibpcab àpxp xfkx kti `ta~hcbn ayx xfi tipx ao xfi dyhnix' Lihc`kch àpx

cb`tikpip xfkx fkvi nta~b okpxit xfkb xfi pxkxip tipaytìp kbh ~cgg di ybpypxkcbkdgi kp xfi oihitkg KTTK oybhp izcti'

kbh k lytes dyhnix ztaìpp xfkx bingi`xp gabn,xitl zgkbbcbn abgs Lihc`kch pk~ pcnbcoc`kbx tioatl cb xfi gkpx sikt"

Hipzcxi ntikxit tiànbcxcab xfkx xfi nta~xf cb zibpcab àpxp `kbbax di pypxkcbih' hcooitibx vci~p ao fa~ xa `yx at pfcox xfi

àpxp fkvi gih xa k pxkgilkxi" Ba k`xcab ab zibpcab tioatl cp izi`xih ybxcg koxit xfi Bavildit 4:;4 igi`xcabp kx xfi

iktgcipx" Gincpgkxcab ~kp tiìbxgs ibk`xih ~fc`f pcnbcoc`kbxgs kgxitp pxkxi pyzzatx ao tixctii fikgxf`kti" ;?

K dkds pxiz xa~kth gabn,xitl dyhnix zgkbbcbn ~kp xkeib ~cxf k bi~ ti{yctilibx oat k xftii,sikt dyhnix oati`kpx' dyx xfcp

oati`kpx cp ao gclcxih vkgyi di`kypi cx abgs ztami`xp xfi Nibitkg Oybhp dyhnix" Cggcbacp gikhitp àbxcbyi xa oa`yp ab xfiNibitkg Oybhp dyhnix' ~fc`f cnbatip avit fkgo ao xfi pxkxi dyhnix zc`xyti";> Cggcbacp pxcgg lkcbxkcbp k pfatx,xitl oa`yp oat cxp

xaxkg &kgg oybhp azitkxcbn dyhnix kbh fkp ba gabn,xitl `kzcxkg zgkb"

Dioati iklcbcbn ik`f ao xfi dcn xftii ztadgilp cb xytb zibpcabp' Lihc`kch' kbh dyhnix ztaìpp ~i iklcbi Cggcbacp

iàbalc` kbh zagcxc`kg ibvctablibx"


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Iàbalc` Oatìp Kooi`xcbn Cggcbacp Dyhnix

Cggcbacp cp k ~ikgxfs pxkxi ~cxf kb iàbals ~fapi cbhypxtckg hcvitpcxs cp {ycxi pclcgkt xa xfi bkxcab kp ~fagi" Fa~ivit' Cggcbacp

iàbalc` okxi cp `gapigs xcih xa xfi Lch~ipx tincab di`kypi ly`f ao Cggcbacp iàbalc` k`xcvcxs cp gcbeih ~cxf lkbyok`xytcbn

pi`xatp cb cxp bicnfdatcbn Lch~ipx pxkxip";6Cggcbacp fcnf ~kni madp kti `gypxitih ztclktcgs cb xfi @fc`kna lixtazagcxkb ktik'

cb dypcbippip kbh cbhypxtcip xfkx kti pydmi`x xa vcnatayp cbxitpxkxi àlzixcxcab" Cggcbacp Hila`tkxc` zagcxc`kg xcgx palixcl ip

gikhp xa zagcxc`kg!chiaganc`kg dkxxgip ~cxf lati Tizydgc`kb,gikbcbn bicnfdatcbn pxkxip" Xfipi zagcxc`kg kbh iàbalc` oatìp

lks gclcx Cggcbacp kdcgcxs xa tkcpi dypcbipp xkip"

Cggcbacp fkp k tigkxcvigs ihy`kxih zazygkì kbh pali fcnfit ihy`kxcab cbpxcxyxcabp xfkx kti bkxcabkggs kbh cbxitbkxcabkggs

tiba~bih" Fa~ivit' xfiti cp nibitkggs digcivih xa di k pfatxkni ao pecggih gkdat cb lkbs pi`xatp ao Cggcbacp hyi cb zktx xa

xtaydgih p`faag hcpxtc`xp' xfi @fc`kna Zydgc` P`faag pspxil cb zktxc`ygkt" Xfcp lkeip cx fkthit xa kxxtk`x kbh tixkcb pali

lkbyok`xytcbn octlp";3

Cggcbacp hilantkzfc`p pfa~ kb kncbn zazygkxcab ~cxf k xtibh xa~kth oi~it ~ateitp kbh lati tixctiip' ~fc`f ~cgg zapi

hkybxcbn ocp`kg `fkggibnip cb xfi siktp kfikh" Cggcbacp cp kgpa k hcvitpi pxkxi ~cxf k vktcixs ao àlzixcbn cbxitipxp' ~fc`f

lkeip cx hcooc`ygx oat zagcxc`kg gikhitp xa tik`f àbpibpyp ab eis cppyip"

Kgxfaynf Cggcbacp cbàli tilkcbp tigkxcvigs fcnf' cxp zapcxcab fkp hixitcatkxih avit xcli" Cb 4:;; zitpabkg cbàli zit `kzcx k

cb Cggcbacp ~kp (88';8:' ~fc`f ~kp ;:? zitìbx ao xfi bkxcabkg kvitkni" 4: Xfi nkz ~kp gktnit cb iktgcit hi`khip ;4;

zitìbx cb ;39; kbh ;:6 zitìbx cb ;36;

kbh fkp diib hi`gcbcbn avit xcli" Dicbn

k tigkxcvigs tc`f pxkxi fkp lkhi cx ikpcit

xa ztavchi hiìbx p`faagp kbh naah zydgc`ybcvitpcxcip xfkb fkp diib xfi `kpi oat

zaatit pxkxip' ivib co zaatit pxkxip xk

xfict `cxc}ibp lati fikvcgs xfkb haip

Cggcbacp"4;

Kp xfi bktta~cbn cbàli nkz clzgcip'

Cggcbacp iàbalc` nta~xf fkp diib pga~cbn

tigkxcvi xa xfi Ybcxih Pxkxip pcbì âtgh

^kt CC" Cb khhcxcab xa gknncbn cb zitpabkg

cbàli nta~xf' Cggcbacp gknp cb ntapp

halipxc` ztahy`x &NHZ' oatlitgs `kggih

ntapp pxkxi ztahy`x nta~xf kbh

ilzgaslibx nta~xf" Dix~iib ;33; kbh

4:;; mad nta~xf cb xfi Y"P" kvitknih ;":

zitìbx zit sikt' dyx abgs :"8 zitìbx zit

sikt cb Cggcbacp"44

Ocnyti 4w Cggcbacp v" Y"P"= Zitpabkg Cbàli &ZC#' Baboktl

Ilzgaslibx &ILZ#' / Xk Tivibyi &XKV# &tigkxcvi xa 4::> vkgyi#

6:

69

3:

39

;::

;:9

;;:

;;9

4::9 4::? 4::> 4::6 4::3 4:;: 4:;;

ZitìbxaoOS4

::>v

kgyi

YP ZC CG ZC YP ILZ CG ILZ YP XKV CG XKV

Baxip= Labxfgs ilzga slibx kbh {yktxitgs Zitpabkg Cbàli vkgyip ypih xa tikxi Mygs,Mybi ocp`kg sikt klaybxp"

Paytìp= Dytiky ao Iàbalc` Kbkgspcp &zitpabkg cbàli#5 Dytiky ao Gkdat Pxkxcpxc`p &bab,oktl ilzgaslibx#' Y"P"

@ibpyp Dytiky &xk tivibyi#"


17/69


;9

Cggcbacp ~kp fcx zktxc`ygktgs fkth ds xfi tiìppcab xfkx oagga~ih xfi dytpx ao xfi faypcbn dyddgi cb 4::> kbh xfi 4::6

ocbkb`ckg àggkzpi" Ocnyti 4 pfa~p xfi xtkmi`xatcip ao xftii eis cbhc`kxatp zitpabkg cbàli' ilzgaslibx' kbh pxkxi xk

tivibyi oat Cggcbacp àlzktih xa xfi bkxcab kp k ~fagi" Ds OS 4:;:' Cggcbacp xaxkg zitpabkg cbàli oigg 4 zitìbx lati kbh

ilzgaslibx oigg ; zitìbx lati xfkb cb xfi Y"P" kp k ~fagi" Xfi clzk`x ao xfi tiìppcab ab Cggcbacp xk àggi`xcabp ~kp

ly`f' ly`f gktnit" Cb OS 4:;:' xaxkg pxkxi xkip cb xfi Y"P" ~iti 30 zitìbx ao xfi klaybx cb OS 4::>' dyx Cggcbacp xk

tivibyip fkh okggib xa 69 zitìbx ao xfi OS 4::> klaybx"

Cggcbacp fkp gknnih cb iàbalc` nta~xf cb tiìbx hi`khip kbh okggib oktxfit cb tiìbx tiìppcabp' kbh xfipi xtibhp kti

izi`xih xa àbxcbyi" Iàbalcpxp kx xfi Ybcvitpcxs ao Cggcbacp ocbh xfkx kp Cggcbacp fkp dinyb xa tidaybh otal xfi 4::>,:3

tiìppcab' cx fkp habi pa lati pga~gs xfkb koxit xfi ztivcayp xftii tiìppcabp ypcbn k ~icnfxih kvitkni ao nta~xf tkxip cb

àtzatkxi iktbcbnp' àbpylit pzibhcbn' kbh zitpabkg cbàli"40

Gaaecbn xa xfi oyxyti' xfi Ybcvitpcxs ao Cggcbacp Tincabkg Iàbalc`p Kzzgc`kxcabp Gkdatkxats &TIKG# ztami`xp k pga~ tiàvits

ybxcg kx gikpx 4:;3" Laahsp Kbkgsxc`p &LK# aooitp k lati azxclcpxc` pìbktca5 fa~ivit' daxf hip`tcdi k tigkxcvigs ngaalszc`xyti oat Cggcbacp oat xfi oatipiikdgi oyxyti" Xfipi ztami`xcabp kti pfa~b cb Xkdgi ;"

Xkdgi ;w Iàbalc` Oati`kpxp Oat Cggcbacp' 4:;0,4:;3

Laahsp Kbkgsxc`p &LK vp" Ybcvitpcxs ao Cggcbacp Tincabkg Iàbalc`pKzzgc`kxcabp Gkdatkxats &TIKG

4:;0 ;"6) :"0) >";) 6";) >"0) 4"9)

4:;8 4";) :"0) 9"8) >">) 9"6) 4"3)

4:;9 ;"8) :"?) 8"3) >"8) 9"4) 0"0)

4:;? :":) :">) 9";) >";) 8";) 0"3)

4:;> ,:"4) :">) 9"4) ?"6) 0"3) 0"?)

4:;6 ,:";) :"6) 9"0) ?"8) 0">) 8":)

4:;3 :":) :">) 9"0) ?":) 0">) 0"3)

TIKG ztami`xcabp otal Cggcbacp Tincabkg Iàbalc` Lahig' Mygs 4:;;" LKoati`kpxp otal Laahsp Kbkgsxc`p' Pxkxi ao Cggcbacp Oati`kpx Tizatx' Ztizktih oatPxkxi ao Cggcbacp @allcppcab ab Navitblibx Oati`kpxcbn / K`àybxkdcgcxs' Oidtykts4:;;"

Ygxclkxigs' ivib ypcbn xfi lapx azxclcpxc` ztami`xcabp' kb iàbalc` tiàvits cb Cggcbacp ~cgg xkei àbpchitkdgi xcli" Xfi abgs

ok`xat eiizcbn Cggcbacp tivibyip otal okggcbn okt diga~ xfi bkxcabkg kvitkni kti xfi gktni cbàli xk cb`tikpip clzgilibxih

cb xfi lchhgi ao OS 4:;; kbh xfapi kti pix xa izcti cb x~a siktp"


18/69


;?

Zagcxc`p kbh xfi Dyhnix Ztaìpp cb Cggcbacp

Ybhitpxkbhcbn fa~ Cggcbacp ocp`kg àbhcxcab fkp diàli py`f k lipp ti{yctip pali ybhitpxkbhcbn ao Cggcbacp zagcxc`p"

Cggcbacp ocp`kg àbhcxcab fkp hixitcatkxih oat x~a ztcb`czkg tikpabp" Octpx' nacbn dkè hi`khip' Cggcbacp fkp dkgkbìh cxp

kbbykg `kpf dyhnix ds bax zyxxcbn kpchi pyooc`cibx oybhp xa àvit xfi cb`tikpi cb oyxyti zibpcab dibiocxp kppa`ckxih ~cxf

xfi `yttibx siktp zkstagg" Kp k tipygx' yboybhih zibpcab gckdcgcxcip fkvi àbxcbyih xa nta~"

Piàbh' hytcbn xfi naah iàbalc` xclip ao xfi gkxi ;33:p xa lch,4:::p' Cggcbacp izkbhih navitblibx pitvcìp' dyx hch

bax tkcpi xkip kbh hch bax zyx k~ks `kpf tipitvip" Xfi pxkxi zkch oat cxp bi~ pzibhcbn ds lkecbn ivib plkggit zkslibxp

xa xfi zibpcab pspxilp' datta~cbn fikvcgs' p~iizcbn pzi`ckg oybhp' kbh zyxxcbn aoo zkscbn Lihc`kch kbh ilzgasii

fikgxf`kti dcggp ybxcg xfi oagga~cbn dyhnix sikt" Xfcp `ftabc` pfatxpcnfxihbipp kbh kvachkbì ao xaynf `facìp fkp

k``ylygkxih xa k pcnbcoc`kbx pxty`xytkg hioc`cx oat Cggcbacp" ^fib xfi tivibyi tiìppcab fcx cb 4::3' Cggcbacp fkh ba `ypfcab"

Xcli,pfcoxcbn dyhnixcbn xtcèp ypih zitpcpxibxgs cb xfi naah siktp ~iti ao ly`f gipp vkgyi oat xilzatkts ypi cb k ha~bxytb"

Xfipi xfcbnp fkzzibih oat zagcxc`kg tikpabp" ^fcgi cb Cggcbacp' kp igpi~fiti' xfi hipcti xa zgikpi àbpxcxyibxp ds izkbhcbn

navitblibx pitvcìp ~cxfayx cb`tikpcbn xkip cp k ncvib' xfi atcncbp ao xfi pxty`xytkg nkz dix~iib pzibhcbn nta~xf kbh

pypxkcbkdgi tivibyip `kb di xtkìh xa xfi ;33:p" Navitbat Tah Dgknamivc`f &Cggcbacp octpx Hila`tkxc` navitbat pcbì ;3>?#

~kp igi`xih cb 4::4 ~cxf kb knibhk xa izkbh ztantklp oat `fcghtib' pibcatp' kbh xfi zaat" Fa~ivit' àbogc`x dix~iib

Dgknamivc`f kbh Pzikeit ao xfi Faypi Lc`fkig Lkhcnkb &daxf Hila`tkxp likbx xfkx xk cb`tikpip di`kli vctxykggs

clzappcdgi kp xfi x~a `fièlkxih abi kbaxfit"Xfi navitbat hi`gktih fi ~aygh vixa kbs nibitkg xk cb`tikpi"

Lkhcnkb dgaèih kgg xfi tivibyi cbcxckxcvip ztazapih ds xfi navitbat"48

Hytcbn Dgknamivc`fp x~a xitlp kp navitbat' bi~ ztantklp ~iti `tikxih kbh izkbhih' cb`gyhcbn fikgxf cbpytkbìàvitkni kbh ztip`faag oat Cggcbacp `fcghtib kbh otii zydgc` xtkbpzatxkxcab kbh ztip`tczxcab htynp oat Cggcbacp pibcatp" Dyx ~cxf

kb icpxcbn pxty`xytkg hioc`cx' kbh ~cxfayx bi~ paytìp ao tivibyi' xfi pxkxi hch bax fkvi pyooc`cibx tipaytìp xa liix kgg ao

cxp adgcnkxcabp" Oat xfipi tikpabp Cggcbacp ocp`kg àbhcxcab ~kp zaat nacbn cbxa xfi Ntikx T iìppcab' ~fc`f fkh k hivkpxkxcbn

iooi`x ab xfi pxkxip tivibyip kbh cb`tikpih hilkbh oat pitvcìp" Kbh ~fcgi xfi tiìppcab xaae k xagg ab xfi pxkxip

tipaytìp' Cggcbacp navitblibx di`kli ippibxckggs hspoyb`xcabkg' ~cxf xfi oihitkg cbvipxcnkxcab ao Navit bat Dgknamivc`f kbh

fcp tilavkg otal aoocì"

^fib Navitbat [ycbb &xfi oatlit gciyxibkbx navitbat xaae aoocì cb Mkbykts 4::3' fi cbfitcxih k pxkxi navitblibx xfkx

~kp cbpagvibx" [ycbb cllihckxigs ztazapih k xk cb`tikpi kbh datta~cbn xa zks ha~b k dkègan ao dcggp' dyx lkbs digcivih

xfkx pzibhcbn ztantklp pfaygh di `yx dioati xkip ~iti cb`tikpih" Pxcgg' Dgknamivc`fp ztantklp ~iti zazygkt ~cxf lkbs

ziazgi' kbh ba abi tikggs ~kbxih xa pii xfi htkàbckb `yxp cb ihy`kxcab at fylkb pitvcìp xfkx ~aygh di biìppkts xa

dkgkbì xfi dyhnix" Kb cbàli xk cb`tikpi ~kp ybkvachkdgi' dyx hch bax fkzzib ybxcg xfi gkpx fkgo ao ocp`kg 4:;;" Ds xfkx

xcli xfi pxkxi dyhnix ~kp cb k vits hiiz fagi"49

Kgxfaynf pali dgkli oatlit Navitbat Dgknamivc`f oat Cggcbacp `yttibx ocp`kg lipp'4? xfiti kti dtakhit tikpabp oat xfi

pxkxip ocp`kg kbh zagcxc`kg hspoyb`xcab" Kgxfaynf Cggcbacp cp àbpchitih k dgyi pxkxi di`kypi ao xfi fikvcgs Hila`tkxc` @c xs


19/69


;>

ao @fc`kna' xfi @cxs k`àybxih oat abgs 4; zitìbx ao Cggcbacp zazygkxcab cb 4:;:" Biktgs fkgo ao Cggcbacp zazygkxcab cp cb xfi

@fc`kna pydytdp' kbh biktgs k xfcth cp ha~bpxkxi' kbh ziazgi cb xfipi ktikp kti lati gceigs xa vaxi Tizydgc`kb" 4>

Cb 4::> k bkxcabkg zagg oaybh xfkx 9:"; zitìbx ao Cggcbacp vaxitp àbpchitih xfilpigvip Hila`t kxp' pynnipxcbn k zytzgi

pxkxi"46Xfcp likbp xfkx Cggcbacp zazygkxcab xibhp xa di gcditkg at lahitkxi ab pa`ckg cppyip' hipctcbn nibitayp pa`ckg

pitvcìp oat pibcatp' `fcghtib' kbh xfi zaat" Ab xfi axfit fkbh' ziazgi cb Cggcbacp kti ocp`kggs àbpitvkxcvi kbh koxit x~a

àbpi`yxcvi navitbatp fkvi diib pibx xa ztcpab ab àttyzxcab `fktnip vits tigy`xkbx xa xfta~ naah labis koxit dkh"

Cggcbacp `gclkxi ao zagcxc`kg àttyzxcabk àbpxkbx àlzkbcab ao Cggcbacp kbh @fc`kna navitblibxp xftaynfayx xfict fcpxats

fkp xkeib k xagg"43

Cb Cggcbacp' kp igpi~fiti' gk~lkeitp fkvi pxtabn zagcxc`kg cbìbxcvip xa ztavchi dibiocxp xa xfict àbpxcxyibxp' kbh i{ykggs

pxtabn cbìbxcvip xa kvach tkcpcbn xkip" Dyx Cggcbacp cp k vits hcvitpi lc ao àlzixcbn cbxitipxp" Aoxib' cbxitipx ntayzp kti

pxtabn ibaynf xa `kbìg ayx xfi cbogyibì ao xfi azzapcxcab' at àbìppcabp lypx di lkhi xa kzzikpi lygxczgi

pxkeifaghitp" Xfcp cp ~fs `fkbnip kti vits hcooc`ygx xa lkei" Ybcabp kti pxtabn' dyx pa kti ha~bxa~b dypcbipp ntayzp"Khva`kxip oat xfi pa`ckg pkoixs bix kti pxtabn' kbh pa kti xfapi ~fa ~kbx xa gclcx xfi pc}i ao navitblibx" @fc`kna dibiocxp

otal zydgc` xtkbpcx pydpchcip5 ha~bpxkxi dibiocxp otal eiizcbn ztcpabp kbh libxkg cbpxcxyxcabp azib" 0:^fib Cggcbacp ocp`kg

àbhcxcab ~kp okctgs naah' cxp àlzixcbn cbxitipxp ~iti kdgi xa di tigkxcvigs dkgkbìh cb xfi dyhnix ztaìpp" Dyx hytcbn xfi

Ntikx Tiìppcab kbh xfi pxkxip ocp`kg kbh nyditbkxatckg ligxha~b' Cggcbacp dyhnix ztaìpp di`kli àlzgixigs

hspoyb`xcabkg"

Cggcbacp ocp`kg sikt tybp otal Mygs ; xftaynf Mybi 0:" Xfi pxkxi dyhnix cp cbcxckggs oatlygkxih ds xfi Navitbatp Aoocì ao

Lkbknilibx kbh Dyhnix &NALD" Tivibyi ipxclkxip oat xfi `yttibx ocp`kg sikt kbh ztigclcbkts ipxclkxip oat xfi

yzàlcbn ocp`kg sikt kti hivigazih ds xfi NALD kbh k gincpgkxcvi knib`s' xfi @allcppcab ab Navitblibx Oati`kpxcbn kbh

K`àybxkdcgcxs &@ANOK"0; Xfi navitbat ipxkdgcpfip dkpc` dyhnixkts admi`xcvip kbh hcti`xcvip xa pxkxi knib`cip iktgs cb xfi

dyhnixkts `s`gi" Pxkxi knib`cip tipzabh xa xfi NALD' hivigazcbn k ztazapih dyhnix cb kb cxitkxcvi ztaìpp" Cggcbacp

dyhnixp kti xszc`kggs `tkoxih ds xfi NALD' gincpgkxcvi gikhitp' kbh k oi~ gk~lkeitp ~fa pzi`ckgc}i cb xfi pxkxi dyhnix"

Tkbe,kbh,ocgi gincpgkxatp kti dkpc`kggs giox ayx ao xfi ztaìpp' iìzx ~fib xfis vaxi ab k ocbkg dyhnix' ~fc`f cp ztipibxih

xa xfil ~cxfayx ly`f xcli oat kbkgspcp"04

Xfi navitbat lypx ztipibx fcp at fit dyhnix xa xfi Nibitkg Kppildgs ds xfi xfcth îhbiphks cb Oidtykts" Oat xfi dyhnix xa

zkpp xfi Nibitkg Kppildgs dioati xfi ibh ao Lks ti{yctip k pclzgi lkmatcxs vaxi" Koxit xfkx' k xftii,ocoxfp pyzitlkmatcxs

vaxi cp ti{yctih"

Cx ~aygh kzzikt xfkx Cggcbacp dyhnix cp ti{yctih xa di dkgkbìh" Xfi Cggcbacp @abpxcxyxcabpxkxip xfkx Ztazapih izibhcxytip

oat xfi ocp`kg sikt pfa~b cb xfi dyhnix &ilzfkpcp khhih"00 Fa~ivit'

Cggcbacp dkgkbìh dyhnix ti{yctilibx fkp pali pitcayp gclcxkxcabp"

Octpx' cx tioitp xa kbxc`czkxih tivibyip' kbh xfiti cp ba ti{yctilibx xfkx xfi pxkxi khmypx cxp pzibhcbn co xfi kbxc`czkxih

tivibyip kti bax tikgc}ih" Xfiti cp baxfcbn xa pxaz k navitbat at Nibitkg Kppildgs otal ypcbn kb ybtikgcpxc`kggs fcnf

ipxclkxi ~fib `tkoxcbn xfi dyhnix" Xfcp cp ~igg eba~b kbh fkp diib kèba~gihnih ds zagcxc`kg gikhitp"08 09 Cb khhcxcab'


20/69


;6

oybhp kvkcgkdgi `kb cb`gyhi icpxcbn oybh dkgkbìp' ivib co xfipi kti cbxibhih xa liix oyxyti adgcnkxcabp5 kbh datta~cbn'

ivib xa zks azitkxcbn izibpip"

Cggcbacp dkgkbìh dyhnix ti{yctilibx cp kgpa k `kpf àbìzx' tioittcbn abgs xa xfi `yttibx ocp`kg sikt" Xfcp likbp xfkx xfi

dkgkbìh dyhnix ti{yctilibx haip bax tioit xa oyxyti zibpcab gckdcgcxcip at ybzkch dcggp otal xfi ztivcayp sikt" Ik`f ocp`kg

sikt otal 4::3 xa 4:;4 ibhih ~cxf k gktnit pxkè ao ybzkch dcggp (6 dcggcab kx xfi ibh ao ocp`kg sikt 4:;4 kbh ik`f

sikt xfipi dcggp ~iti cnbatih ~fib ztami`xcbn dkgkbì oat xfi bix siktp dyhnix"

Ds 4::> cx ~kp advcayp xa lapx zagc`s lkeitp xfkx k lkmat xk cb`tikpi ~aygh di biihih xa aoopix Cggcbacp àbxcbykg

dyhnixkts hioc`cxp' kbh pivitkg pitcayp zgkbp ~iti aooitih" Dyx Navitbat Dgknamivc`f fkh zgihnih bax xa tkcpi cbàli at

pkgip xkip' kbh cbpxikh ztazapih k ntapp tiìczxp xk ab dypcbipp xtkbpk`xcabp"0? Xfiti ~kp ba xk cb`tikpi kx xfkx xcli"

Ybhit Navitbat [ycbb' cb xfi hizxfp ao xfi Ntikx Tiìppcab' tivibyi ipxclkxip oat OS 4:;: kbh 4:;; ~iti pa okt diga~

xfi klaybxp biihih oat knib`cip dyhnixp xfkx xfi gincpgkxyti' cb k zagcxc`kg lkbiyvit' kzztaztckxih gylz pyl klaybxp

oat lkbs knib`s dyhnixp" Xfi gylz pyl klaybxp kzztaztckxih ~iti ~igg cb iìpp ao izi`xih tivibyip pa xfkx xfi

Navitbat bax xfi gincpgkxatp ~kp oatìh xa pzi`cos xfi `yxp"0>

Oat k byldit ao siktp ztcat xa OS 4:;4' gincpgkxcvi gikhitp hivigazih xfi dyhnix" Cb OS 4:;4' xfi batlkg dyhnix ztaìpp

~kp knkcb cb zgkì kbh oat xfi octpx xcli cb hi`khip' tkbe ,kbh,ocgi kzztaztckxcabp àllcxxiip k`xykggs ~ibx xftaynf

Navitbat Zkx [ycbbp ztazapih dyhnix' gcbi cxil ds gcbi cxil' xa eiiz knib`s pzibhcbn ~cxfcb xfi ztihixitlcbih

klaybxp"06 Xfi cbàli xk cb`tikpi cb Oidtykts 4:;; ~kp k hcooc`ygx `facì" Pzibhcbn nta~xf cb OS 4:;4 ~kp àbpxtkcbih

kgdicx lati ds tivibyi p`kt`cxs kbh tikgcpl xfkb ds xfi gincpgkxih `kz ab cb`tikpip cb xfi Nibitkg Oybhp dyhnix"

Cb 4:;4' cb kbaxfit octpx oat Cggcbacp' xfi navitbatp aoocì tigikpih xftii ,sikt dyhnix ztami`xcabp ao xfi Nibitkg Oybhp oat

4:;0,4:;9" Xfi ok`x xfkx xfi pxkxi cp ba~ zgkbbcbn cxp dyhnix lati xfkb k pcbngi sikt kfikh cp vits naah bi~p" Fa~ivit'

Cggcbacp ocp`kg `tcpcp fkp diib hi`khip cb xfi lkecbn kbh cx ~cgg xkei lkbs lati siktp xa nix xfi pcxykxcab ybhit àbxtag"

Ivib ~cxfayx àbxibxcayp zagcxc`p' xfi pcxykxcab ~cgg di vits hcooc`ygx xa tipagvi" Cggcbacp okìp pali vits xaynf `facìp cb xfi

siktp xa àli" Xfi xaynfipx ao xfipi `facìp ìbxitp ab Cggcbacp lapx hkybxcbn `fkggibni zibpcab tioatl k vits

àbxibxcayp cppyi xfkx lypx di tipagvih xa eiiz ip`kgkxcbn zibpcab àpxp otal `ta~hcbn ayx axfit ktikp ao xfi dyhnix"


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Ybhitoybhih Tixctilibx ZtalcpipKti @ta~hcbn Ayx Axfit Biihp

Cx cp ~chigs tiànbc}ih xfkx Cggcbacp fkp xfi ~atpx yboybhih zibpcab gckdcgcxs ao kbs pxkxi" Cxp ocvi tixctilibx pspxilp fkh k

xaxkg ao (69 dcggcab cb yboybhih gckdcgcxs cb 4:;; &Xkdgi 4' kbh xfi ocnyti fkp cb`tikpih pcbì xfib" Hikgcbn ~cxf pali ao xfi

ga~ipx oybhih tkxcap ao zydgc` zibpcabp cb xfi bkxcab fkp àbxtcdyxih xa xfi pxk xip abnacbn ocp`kg `tcpcp" Cggcbacp zibpcab

ztadgilp ~iti `cxih ds Laahsp Cbvipxatp Pitvcì ~fib cx ha~bntkhih xfi pxkxip dabh tkxcbnp cb Mkbykts 4:;4' lkecbn

Cggcbacp `tihcx tkxcbn xfi ga~ipx ao kgg ocoxs pxkxip" Fa~ivit' Cggcbacp fkp habi baxfcbn xa tioatl pxkxi ilzgasii zibpcabp pcbì

xfkx xcli kbh cx cp haydxoyg xfkx kbsxfcbn ~cgg fkzzib dioati 4:;0"

Xkdgi 4 hip`tcdip xfi ocvi tixctilibx pspxilp xfi Pxkxi ao Cggcbacp cp tipzabpcdgi oat oybhcbn= Xik`fitp Tixctilibx Pspxil

&XTP' Pxkxi Ybcvitpcxs Ilzgasiip Tixctilibx Pspxil &PYTP' Pxkxi Ilzgasiip Tixctilibx Pspxil &PITP' Nibitkg

Kppildgs Tixctilibx Pspxil &NKTP' kbh Myhc`ckg Tixctilibx Pspxil &MTP" Cx kgpa pfa~p xfi Cggcbacp Lybc`czkg TixctilibxOybh &CLTO' ~fc`f xfi pxkxi khlcbcpxitp dyx xfi ga`kg navitblibx ibxcxcip kti tipzabpcdgi oat oybhcbn" Lap x ao xfi pxkxip

(69 dcggcab cb yboybhih gckdcgcxcip kti cb xfi xftii gktnipx oybhp' XTP' PYTP' kbh PITP" Kgg ocvi pxkxi oybhp fkvi oybhcbn

tkxcap diga~ 8; zitìbx" Xfi CLTO fkp k ly`f fcnfit oybhcbn tkxca di`kypi ao k pxkxi gk~ xfkx adgcnip ga`kg navitblibxp xa

lkei kbbykg ti{yctih àbxtcdyxcabp &KT@#"

Xkdgi 4w Hip`tczxcvi Pxkxcpxc`p Oat Pc Lkmat Zydgc` IlzgasiiZibpcab Oybhp cb Cggcbacp

OS 4:;; XTP PYTP PITP NKTP MTP CLTO

K`xcvi Lilditp ;00'34: >;'666 ??'0?0 ;6: 3?6 ;>9'688

@yttibx Kbbycxkbxp 3:'3?> 84'?64 8>'::4 43; >4: 33'?68

Kppixp &lkteix vkgyi &( dcggcabp (0>"9: (;8"0: (;;":: (:":? (:"?: (48"6:

Yboybhih Gckdcgcxcip &( dcggcabp (80"6: (;>"4: (4:"8: (:"4: (;"0: (?";:

Oybhih Tkxca &~!a plaaxfcbn 8?";) 89"0) 08"3) 4:"4) 0;":) 6:"4)

Pxkxi @abxtcdyxcab &( dcggcabp (4"4: (:"6: (;";: (:":; (:":? BK

XTP' PYTP' PITP' NKTP' MTP= @allcppcab ab Navitblibx Oati`kpxcbn kbh K`àybxkdcgcxs" K Tizatxab xfi Ocbkb`ckg @abhcxcab ao xfi Cggcbacp Pxkxi Tixctilibx Pspxilp kp ao Mybi 0:' 4:;;" &Lkt`f 4:;4" CLTO=4:;; Cggcbacp Lybc`czkg Tixctilibx Oybh @alztifibpcvi Kbbykg Ocbkb`ckg Tizatx' Hiìldit 0;' 4:;;"

Xfi ztclkts `kypi ao xfi pxkxi zibpcab pspxilp ybhitoybhcbn cp xfkx xfi pxkxi haip bax clzapi xfi pkli adgcnkxcab ab

cxpigo xfkx cx clzapip ab ga`kg navitblibxp' kbh oat hi`khip cxp ilzgasit àbxtcdyxcabp fkvi diib diga~ kbbykggs ti{yctih

klaybxp" Cggcbacp fkp zgkbbih pa zaatgs xfkx cx fkh xa datta~ xa lkei cxp p`fihygih zibpcab àbxtcdyxcabp oat OS 4:;: kbh

4:;;' ~fc`f ~iti diga~ xfi KT@ klaybx"

Pxkxi gikhitp va~ih xa lkei xfi ibxcti OS 4:;4 zibpcab zkslibx ~cxfayx cppycbn dabhp' dyx kp ao xfi hivigazlibx ao xfcp

tizatx cx cp yb`gikt ~fixfit Cggcbacp fkp lkhi cxp àlzgixi zibpcab àbxtcdyxcabp xa kgg xfi pspxilp oat xfi ocp`kg sikt xfkx

mypx ibhih at ~fixfit zktx ao xfi OS 4:;4 zibpcab àbxtcdyxcabp kti klabn xfi (>"9 xa 6": dcggcab cb ybzkch dcggp xfkx kti

dicbn `kttcih cbxa OS 4:;0"03


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Cggcbacp zibpcab pspxilp kti gceigs cb k lati hcti ocp`kg àbhcxcab xfkb xfis piil " Cggcbacp xftii gktnipx zibpcab pspxilp

hcpàybx oyxyti zibpcab gckdcgcxcip ypcbn kb kppylih tkxi ao tixytb ab cbvipxlibxp ao ktaybh 6 zitìbx" 8: Pcbì xfi ocbkb`ck

`tcpcp' abnacbn iàbalc` cbpxkdcgcxs cb Iytazi' kbh ~attcip ao k haydgi,hcz tiìppcab' lkbs digcivi xfkx xfcp kppylih tkxi ao

tixytb cp avitgs azxclcpxc`" Lapx pxkxi zibpcab pspxilp fkvi iìihih kb 6 zitìbx tkxi ao tixytb avit xfi zkpx pivitkg

hi`khip' dyx xfi tkxip fkvi diib ly`f ga~it cb tiìbx siktp"

Ga~it hcpàybx tkxip ~cgg paab di ti{yctih cb Cggcbacp kbh axfit pxkxip" Ybhit bi~ tygip kzztavih ds xfi Navitblibxkg

K`àybxcbn Pxkbhkthp Dakth &NKPD cb Mybi 4:;4' Cggcbacp ~cgg di ti{yctih xa tizatx gckdcgcx cip ypcbn lkteix tkxip' ~fc`f

kti xszc`kggs `gapit xa 9 zitìbx"8; Kgxfaynf xfcp `fkbni ~cgg ba haydx fkvi k zapcxcvi clzk`x ds lati k``ytkxigs ipxclkxcbn

xfi givig ao pxkxi gckdcgcxcip' cx tivikgp kb ivib lati zti`ktcayp ocbkb`ckg zapcxcab" Oat iklzgi' Uy\bhit xfi bi~ tygip' xfi

Cggcbacp Xik`fitp Zibpcab Pspxil UXTP\' abi ao xfi àybxtsp ~atpx oybhih' ~aygh fkvi pfa~b mypx kb ;6 zitìbx oybhcbn

tkxca kp ao Mygs 4:;:"84

Ocbkggs' pali pxkxi adgcnkxcabp ~iti bax tizatxih kx kgg ybxcg tiìbxgs" Pcbì gckd cgcxcip oat tixctii fikgxf`kti &axfit zapx,

ilzgaslibx dibiocxp at AZID# ~iti abgs tizatxih koxit NKPD Pxkxilibx 89 ~kp clzgilibxih cb OS 4::6' 80 gabn,xitl

xtibh hkxk kti bax kvkcgkdgi" Fa~ivit' ivib ypcbn abgs tiìbx tizatxp' cx cp `gikt xfkx Cggcbacp AZ ID gckdcgcxs cp gktni kbh

cb`tikpcbn lati xfkb k dcggcab zit sikt" Cggcbacp Yboybhih K`xyktckg K``tyih Gckdcgcxs &YKKG# oat axfit zapx ,ilzgaslibx

dibiocxp ~kp (00"0 dcggcab kp ao Mybi 4:;;"88

Xkdgi 4 pfa~p OS 4:;: lilditpfcz' kppixp' kbh yboybhih gckdcgcxcip oat xfi ocvi pxkxi zibpcab zgkbp kbh xfi pxkxi,

khlcbcpxitih' ga`kg,gckdcgcxs CLTO zgkb" Kgg ao Cggcbacp zibpcab pspxilp kti hiocbih dibiocx zgkbp' dyx xfis hcooit kp xa

zktxc`ygktp' i"n"' lcbclyl tixctilibx kni' ti{yctih siktp ao pitvcì' ilzgasii àbxtcdyxcab tkxi' kbh xfi oatlygk oat

`kg`ygkxcbn dibiocxp"89

Cggcbacp zibpcab pspxilp hkxi xa xfi ;38:p' kbh pcbì ;3>: xfi pxkxi àbpxcxyxcab fkp ztaxi`xih ilzgasiip dibiocxp"

Biktgs 6: zitìbx ao ~ateitp àvitih ds Cggcbacp pxkxi zibpcab zgkbp kti bax igcncdgi oat Pa`ckg Pi`ytcxs"8? Cb xfi ;33:p

bkxcabkg pytvisp oaybh xfkx Cggcbacp zibpcab dibiocxp ~iti bax nibitayp àlzktih xa axfit pxkxip" 8> Aoopixxcbn xfi tigkxcvigs

ga~ dibiocxp' Cggcbacp fkp fcpxatc`kggs ztavchih ntikxit ocbkb`ckg pyzzatx oat fikgxf`kti dibiocxp xa tixctiip xfkb lapx axfit

pxkxip' kbh fkp diib abi ao xfi oi~ pxkxip xfkx ztavchip kbh oybhp hcpkdcgcxs dibiocxp"86' 83

Ybhitoybhcbn ao xfi Cggcbacp zibpcabp pspxilp hkxip xa xfi iktgs ;36:p" Ybxcg xfkx xcli' xfi zagc`s ~kp xfkx xfi pxkxi lkhi

pyooc`cibx àbxtcdyxcabp xa àvit kbbycxkbxp dibiocxp' ~fcgi xfi ilzgasiip àbxtcdyxcabp kbh cbvipxlibx cbàli ~iti ypih

xa dycgh oyxyti tipitvip" Xfiti ~kp ba k`xyktckg dkpcp oat xfcp pspxil' dyx cx hch pypxkcb xfi zibpcabp" Ocp`kg pxtipp cb ;36;

gih Cggcbacp xa kdkbhab xfcp zagc`s" Pxkxi àbxtcdyxcabp zgyllixih cb ;364 kbh ;360 kbh cb`tikpih vits lahipxgs oat xfi

bix hi`khi' kgxfaynf kbbycxkbxp dibiocxp zkslibxp nti~ htklkxc`kggs" Dix~iib ;36; kbh ;339' xfi pxkxip zibpcab

àbxtcdyxcabp cb`tikpih 46 zitìbx' dyx dibiocxp izibhcxytip cb`tikpih ds k ok`xat ao kglapx 8"9' kbh yboybhih gckdcgcxcip

ip`kgkxih" Cb ;339' xfi oybhih tkxca oat xfi ocvi pspxilp àldcbih ~kp abgs 90 zitìbx" 9:


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4;

Cb ;338' Cggcbacp ipxkdgcpfih k zgkb xa dtcbn xfi zibpcab pspxilp xa 3: zitìbx oybhcbn ds 4:89" Xfcp ocoxs sikt zgkb fkp

nychih xfi oybhcbn ao xfi zibpcabp yz xa xfi ztipibx" Fa~ivit' xfi p`fihygih àbxtcdyxcabp kti gipp xfkb xfi KT@ kgpa

eba~b kp batlkg àpx zgyp cbxitipx likbcbn xfkx ivib co xfi pxkxi lkeip zkslibxp kp p`fihygih cb xfi ;339 zgkb'

yboybhih gckdcgcxcip àbxcbyi xa nta~"

Xfcp cp kbaxfit tikpab ~fs cx cp fkth xa pii xfi xtyi zc`xyti ao Cggcbacp zibpcab ztadgi l" Ly`f ao xfi dyhnixkts hcp`yppcab ao

zibpcabp cb xfi pxkxi cp xfi p`fihygih zkslibxp kbh oi~ ybhitpxkbh xfi lati clzatxkbx àbìzx ao xfi KT@"

Xfi ocbkb`ckg àbhcxcab ao xfi zibpcab pspxilp clztavih hytcbn xfi gkxi ;33:p' kp xfi daalcbn iàbals figzih cb`tikpi

xfi ocvi pspxilp àldcbih oybhih tkxca xa kdayx >: zitìbx " Dyx hytcbn xfcp xcli' dibiocxp ~iti izkbhih kp ~igg"9;

Cb 4::: xfi zibpcab pspxilp ~iti tigkxcvigs paybh' dyx xfi iàbalc` tiìppcab ao 4:::,4::0 ~kp hcpkpxtayp oat xfi

pspxilp kppix vkgyip" Xfi oybhih tkxca oat xfi ocvi pspxilp àldcbih zgyllixih xa 83 zitìbx cb 4::0" Cb tipzabpi'

zibpcab dibiocxp ~iti tihyìh' xfi pxkxi cppyih (;: dcggcab cb dabhp &ao ~fc`f (>"0 dcggcab ~ibx xa xfi zibpcab pspxilp'

kbh gincpgkxcab ~kp ibk`xih kgga~cbn k zktxckg zibpcab fagchks oat OSp 4::? kbh 4::> " Kgxfaynf xfi cbxibx ao datta~cbn

~kp xa tihyì yboybhih gckdcgcxcip' xfi pxkxyxi ~kp ~tcxxib py`f xfkx xfi ti{yctih àbxtcdyxcabp nacbn oat~kth cb`gyhih xfi

klaybx ao hidx pitvcì ab xfipi dabhp' ~fc`f tihyìh xfi klaybx k`xykggs àbxtcdyxih xa xfi zibpcabp kbh ~atpibih xfi

`ftabc` ybhitoybhcbn" Xfi 4::? kbh 4::> àbxtcdyxcabp lkhi hytcbn xfi zibpcab fagchksp ~iti abgs kdayx fkgo xfi

klaybx ti{yctih dkpih ab k`xyktckg `kg`ygkxcabp" Pa xfi ocbkb`ckg àbhcxcab ao xfi zibpcabp àbxcbyih xa hixitcatkxi"

Cb ocp`kg siktp 4::6 xa 4:;:' Cggcbacp ~kp ti{yctih xa lkei gktnit àbxtcdyxcabp xa cxp zibpcab pspxilp xa lkei yz oat xfi

zibpcab fagchksp ao 4::? kbh 4::>" Yboatxybkxigs' xfipi tklzih,yz zkslibxp àcb`chih ~cxf xfi Ntikx Tiìppcab ~fib

xfi pxkxip ocp`kg àbhcxcab ~kp kgtikhs zaat" Hytcbn xfi tigkxcvigs naah iàbalc` xclip ao xfi gkxi ;33:p kbh lch,4:::p'

Cggcbacp fkh bax tkcpih xkip" Tkxfit' xfi pxkxi fkh tigcih fikvcgs ab datta~cbn kbh xilzatkts likpytip &gcei xfi zibpcabfagchks' pa cx ~kp bax ~igg,ztizktih xa ~ikxfit xfi tiìppcab" Cggcbacp lkhi cxp ti{yctih àbxtcdyxcab xa xfi zibpcab pspxilp

xftaynf OS 4::3 dyx cppyih zibpcab adgcnkxcab dabhp xa àvit xfi zkslibxp oat OSp 4:;: kbh 4:;;"

Kgxfaynf Cggcbacp fkp lkhi pcnbcoc`kbx pxtchip cb pali ktikp ao cxp ocbkbìp' zibpcab tioatl fkp diib hcooc`ygx xa k`fcivi" Cb

4:;:' Cggcbacp ipxkdgcpfih k x~a,xcit zibpcab pspxil ~cxf tihyìh dibiocxp oat ilzgasiip fctih koxit Mkbykts ;' 4:;;" 94 Xfcp

~cgg nibitkxi pydpxkbxckg gabn,xitl pkvcbnp' dyx hch baxfcbn xa tihyì xfi ztiicpxbcn yboybhih gckdcgcxs" Gincpgkxcab xfkx

~aygh `tikxi k xfcth xcit cb xfi oatl ao k hiocbih àbxtcdyxcab 8:;&e,pxsgi zgkb kbh ti{yctcbn gktnit ilzgasii

àbxtcdyxcabp co ~ateitp azxih xa eiiz xfict xtkhcxcabkg zibpcab zgkbp hch bax zkpp xfi 4:;; gincpgkxcvi pippcab"

Hipzcxi xfi pfatxàlcbnp ao xfcp zktxc`ygkt xfcth,xcit ztazapkg' pali xszi ao i{ycxkdgi zibpcab tioatl cp ytnibxgs biihih"

Dix~iib OS 4:;4 kbh OS4:;0' Cggcbacp ti{yctih àbxtcdyxcabp xa xfi ocvi zibpcab pspxilp cb`tikpih biktgs (; dcggcab' kbh

xfkx klaybx haip bax àlzgixigs àvit xfi gckdcgcxcip cb`yttih hytcbn xfi sikt" Cb khhcxcab' Cggcbacp cp ti{yctih xa zks hidx

pitvcì oat xfi zibpcab dabhp cx cppyih xa àvit zkslibxp xa xfi pspxilp cb OSp 4::0' 4:;:' kbh 4:;;" Cb OS 4::6' xaxkg

zibpcab àpxp' cb`gyhcbn tinygkt pxkxi àbxtcdyxcabp kbh zibpcab,tigkxih hidx pitvcì' xaae yz abgs 6 zitìbx ao Nibitkg

Oybhp tivibyi otal pxkxi paytìp' dyx ds OS 4:;4 xfipi àpxp fkh nta~b xa kglapx 4: zitìbx ao pxkxi tivibyi" Ds OS

4:;9' zibpcab àpxp kti ztami`xih xa xkei yz abi,oaytxf ao xfi pxkxip tipaytìp"90


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Plkgg pxtchip fkvi kgpa diib lkhi ~cxf tipzi`x xa AZID" Gkpx pztcbn' Navitbat [ycbb ztazapih xfkx co ilzgasiip ~iti xa

eiiz xfict otii tixctilibx fikgxf`kti' xfict kbbykg àpx,ao,gcvcbn khmypxlibxp &@AGKp ~aygh di tihyìh otal 0 zitìbx

àlzaybhih kbbykggs xa xfi gippit ao 0 zitìbx at abi,fkgo ao xfi àbpylit ztcì cbhi' bax àlzaybhih" Kgxitbkxcvigs'

xfapi ~fa ~kbxih xa tixkcb xfict 0 zitìbx kbbykggs àlzaybhih @AGK ~aygh di ti{yctih xa zks k oii &at fcnfit ilzgasii

àbxtcdyxcabp oat xfict zapx,ilzgaslibx fikgxf cbpytkbì"98 Xfcp ztazapkg hch bax zkpp' dyx xfi Nibitkg Kppildgs hch ibk`x

gclcxp ab pxkxi pydpchcip oat tixctii fikgxf`kti" Ybhit xfi bi~ gk~' ilzgasiip ~cgg àbxtcdyxi xa xfict fikgxf`kti ztilcylp

dkpih ab xfict kdcgcxs xa zks"99

Zibpcab tioatl cp abi ao xfi lapx ztippcbn cppyip ok`cbn Cggcbacp" ^cxfayx tioatl' fyni àpxp gaal oat oyxyti xkzksitp at

~aygh,di dibioc`cktcip ao pxkxi ztantklp xfkx ~cgg di `ta~hih,ayx" Dyx xfi lknbcxyhi ao xfi ztadgil kgpa likbp kbs

pagyxcab ~cgg cb`gyhi dcn dibiocx tihy`xcabp at àpx pfcoxp' pa zagcxc`kg cbxitipxp hcooit pfktzgs ab fa~ xa k`x" Xfi gkè ao

gincpgkxcvi k`xcab ab zibpcabp fkp bax diib oat gkè ao chikp" Cb ok`x' pivitkg ztazapkgp fkvi diib zyx oatxf"

Navitbat [ycbb ztazapih kldcxcayp zibpcab tioatlp cb Kztcg 4:;4" Ybhit xfcp ztazapkg' Cggcbacp zibpcab pspxilp ~aygh di

;:: zitìbx oybhih ds 4:84" Xfi ztazapih tioatlp cb`gyhih tihy`xcabp cb xfi @AGK' cb`tikpip cb xfi tixctilibx kni' kbh

cb`tikpip cb ilzgasii àbxtcdyxcab tkxip"9? Cb khhcxcab' xfi batlkg àpx ao zibpcabp ao xik`fitp9> kbh pxkxi ybcvitpcxs

ilzgasiip ~aygh diàli xfi tipzabpcdcgcxs ao xfi ybcvitpcxcip kbh p`faag hcpxtc`xp' tkxfit xfkb xfi pxkxi" Ztazabibxp ao xfi

pfcox ktnyi xfkx `yttibxgs p`faag hcpxtc`xp `kb tkcpi xik`fit pkgktcip dyx dikt ba tipzabpcdcgcxs oat xfi tipygxcbn zibpcab àpx

cb`tikpip" Azzabibxp tkcpi xfi pzi`xit ao gktni ztazitxs xk cb`tikpip xfis ktnyih ~aygh di biihih xa pyzzatx xik`fitp

zibpcabp"

CNZK tigikpih k zgkb xa tioatl PYTP cb iktgs 4:;45 cxp ztcb`czgip kgpa àygh di kzzgcih xa xfi pxkxip axfit zibpcab

pspxilp"96 Xfi CNZK ztazapkg ~aygh `tikxi k fsdtch hiocbih dibiocx!hiocbih àbxtcdyxcab pspxil oat bi~ ilzgasiip" Fsdtch

pspxilp figz dkgkbì xfi ztap kbh àbp ao hiocbih dibiocx kbh hiocbih àbxtcdyxcab zgkbp' kgga~cbn tixctiip xa fkvi k

nyktkbxiih cbàli pcbì' cb Cggcbacp' lapx kti bax igcncdgi oat Pa`ckg Pi`ytcxs"

Hipzcxi k vktcixs ao chikp kbh ztazapkgp xa oc Cggcbacp kcgcbn zibpcab pspxilp' zagcxc`kg ganmklp fkvi fkgxih ztazapih

tioatlp" Xfi gkxipx gincpgkxcvi pippcab ibhih cb Lks ~cxfayx kbs `fkbnip dicbn lkhi xa xfi pxkxi ilzgasii zibpcab

pspxilp" Navitbat [ycbb `kggih k pzi`ckg gincpgkxcvi pippcab cb Kynypx xa khhtipp xfi cppyi' dyx xfcp pippcab kgpa ibhih

~cxfayx tipygxp" K zappcdgi zapx,igi`xcab pippcab lks di lati otycxoyg" Xfi Bavildit 4:;4 dkggax cb`gyhip k ztazapkg xfkx

~aygh klibh xfi Cggcbacp @abpxcxyxcab xa ti{ycti k xftii,ocoxfp lkmatcxs xa cb`tikpi dibiocxp ybhit kbs pxkxi at ga`kg

tixctilibx pspxil"

Di`kypi xfi pxkxip tipaytìp kti gclcxih' pali xszi ao tihy`xcab cb zibpcab dibiocxp kzziktp cbivcxkd gi' hipzcxi xfi

hcooc`ygxcip cb lkecbn kbs xszi ao `fkbni" Cggcbacp oyxyti zibpcab zkslibxp kti p`fihygih xa nta~ kx tkxip iìihcbn xfi

kbxc`czkxih nta~xf tkxip ao xfi pxkxip tivibyi paytìp" Kppylcbn xfkx xaxkg pzibhcbn cp eizx ~cxfcb xfi gclcxp ao xfi pxkxip

tivibyip' co Cggcbacp lkeip xfi ti{yctih àbxtcdyxcabp xa cxp zibpcab pspxilp' pitcayp `yxp cb axfit ktikp ao xfi dyhnix ~cgg

di biìppkts"93 Zibpcab adgcnkxcabp ~cgg àbxcbyi xa `ta~h ayx axfit pzibhcbn"


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Pi`abh xa zibpcabp' Cggcbacp lapx `fkggibncbn ocp`kg ztadgil cp xfi nta~xf cb xfi Lihc`kch ztantkl' cb ~fc`f ibtagglibx kbh

izibhcxytip haydgih dix~iib 4::: kbh 4:;;" Lihc`kchp nta~xf cp ybpypxkcbkdgi kbh ' ~cxfayx tioatl' ~cgg `ta~h ayx

axfit ippibxckg ktikp ao Cggcbacp dyhnix"


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Lihc`kch Pzibhcbn Nta~xf Cp @ta~hcbn Ayx Axfit Biihp

Oat siktp Cggcbacp Lihc`kch ztantkl fkp àbxtcdyxih xa xfi pxkxip nta~cbn dyhnix `tcpcp" Lihc`kch izibhcxytip kbh

ibtagglibx fkvi kzztaclkxigs haydgih dix~iib 4::: kbh 4:;;' kp xfi nta~xf cb fikgxf`kti àpxp fkp okt iìihih xfi

tkxi ao cbogkxcab?: kbh xfi ztantkl ~kp izkbhih xa ztavchi lati àvitkni"?; Cb Mybi 4:;4' Cggcbacp lkhi lkmat `fkbnip xa

cxp Lihc`kch ztantkl xfkx kti ztami`xih xa tihyì pzibhcbn ds dcggcabp ao haggktp' dyx lkbs cppyip tilkcb"

Cggcbacp Lihc`kch ztantkl fkp nta~b xa di tigkxcvigs nibitayp àlzktih xa axfit pxkxip cb cxp àvitkni kbh azxcabkg

pitvcìp" Oat iklzgi' cxp Oklcgs@kti ztantkl' cbcxckxih cb 4::4' ztavchih fikgxf cbpytkbì xa zktibxp ao `fcghtib ybhit kni

;6 cb oklcgcip ~cxf cbàlip ao yz xa ;69 zitìbx ?4 ao xfi oihitkg zavitxs givig &OZG'?0 ~fc`f ~kp ga~itih xa ;00 zitìbx cb

4:;4" Azxcabkg pitvcìp àvitih ybhit Lihc`kch cb Cggcbacp cb`gyhih pyzzatxcvi gc vcbn ok`cgcxcip &k pxiz diga~ bytpcbn fali

`kti#' cbzkxcibx fapzcxkg zps`fckxtc` pitvcìp' fali `kti' lihc`kg i{yczlibx kbh libxkg fikgxf tifkdcgcxkxcab pitvcìp"?8

^fcgi Cggcbacp ~kp bax ybc{yi cb xfi givig ao azxcabkg pitvcìp cx ztavchih' hytcbn xfi Ntikx Tiìppcab Cggcbacp ~kp gipp gceigs

xfkb axfit pxkxip xa tihyì xfapi pitvcìp"

Cb àbxtkpx' Cggcbacp Lihc`kch pzibhcbn zit ibtaggii cp bax nibitayp" K`àthcbn xa Bkxcabkg @ibxit oat Fikgxf Pxkxcpxc`p

&B@FP hkxk' kvitkni Lihc`kch pzibhcbn zit ibtaggii cb

Cggcbacp ~kp (9'>>0 cb 4::3 ~fc`f ~kp xfi piàbh ga~ipx

klabn Lch~ipx pxkxip kbh diga~ xfi Y"P" kvitkni

&(?'64?"?9 Ztavchit ticldytpilibx tkxip oat zfspc`ckbp'

bytpcbn falip' kbh hibxcpxp fkvi kgpa diib ga~ tigkxcvi xa

axfit pxkxip kbh xfi bkxcab"?? Tiìbx tioatlp ~cgg oytxfit

tihyì xfipi tkxip"

Cggcbacp Lihc`kch pzibhcbn tiztipibxp k àbpchitkdgi kbh

nta~cbn klaybx ao xfi pxkxi dyhnix" Lihc`kch zgyp @FCZ

izibhcxytip àlztcpih kdayx 40 zitìbx ao xfi pxkxip

xaxkg izibhcxytip otal kgg oybhp cb OS 4:;:"?> Lihc`kch pzibhcbn nta~xf avit xcli cp cggypxtkxih cb Xkdgi 0" Xaxkg OS 4:;:

Lihc`kch pzibhcbn' kp likpytih ds xfi Ekcpit Oklcgs Oaybhkxcab' ~kp kzztaclkxigs (;9"0 dcggcab' ao ~fc`f (9"3 dcggcab

`kli otal xfi pxkxip tipaytìp kbh (3"8 dcggcab `kli otal xfi oihitkg navitblibx"?6

Cggcbacp Lihc`kch pzibhcbn ds ibtagglibx ntayz oat OS 4::3 cp pfa~b cb Xkdgi 8" Xfi vkpx lkmatcxs ao Lihc`kch zkslibxp

kti oat knih kbh hcpkdgih zkxcibxp5 `fcghtib kti ypykggs tigkxcvigs cbizibpcvi xa àvit"

Xkdgi 0w Kvitkni Lihc`kch Pzibhcbn Nta~xf';33:,4::3

;33:,4::; ;;";) ;:"3)

4::;,4::8 6">) 3"8)

4::8,4::> >"?) 0"?)

4::>,4:;: ?"?) ?"6)

Ekcpit Oklcgs Oaybhkxcab"


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Xkdgi 8 w Hcpxtcdyxcab ao Lihc`kch Ibtaggiip kbhZkslibxp Ds Ibtagglibx Ntayz

Cggcbacp vp" Ybcxih Pxkxip' OS 4::3

Knih 6) ;>) ;:) 40)

Hcpkdgih ;4) 8:) ;9) 80)

Khygxp 4?) ;>) 4?) ;8)

@fcghtib 98) 4?) 83) 4;)


Kgxfaynf xfi Lihc`kch ztantkl cp k fyni kbh tkzchgs nta~cbn zktx ao Cggcbacp dyhnix' xfi àpx ao Lihc`kch cp bax izgc`cxgs

{ykbxcocih kbs~fiti cb xfi Cggcbacp pxkxi dyhnix ha`ylibxp py`f kp xfi @alztifibpcvi Kbbykg Ocbkb`ckg Tizatx &@KOT at

Hixkcgih Kbbykg Tizatx &HKT" Xszc`kggs' ztipibxkxcabp ao xfi Cggcbacp dyhnix ypi lihc`kg kppcpxkbì zkslibxp lkhi ds

xfi Hizktxlibx ao Fikgxf`kti kbh Oklcgs Pitvcìp &HFOP kp k ztas oat Lihc`kch izibhcxytip" ?3 Fa~ivit' HFOP lihc`kg

kppcpxkbì zkslibxp cb`gyhi pxkxi,oybhih lihc`kg ztantklp xfkx kti xi`fbc`kggs bax zktx ao Lihc`kch kbh pali Lihc`kch

izibhcxytip kti lkhi ds knib`cip axfit xfkb HFOP"

Di`kypi lihc`kg kppcpxkbì zkslibxp otal HFOP kti bax xfi pkli kp Lihc`kch' Cggcbacp dyhnix ha`ylibxp ha bax

ik`xgs kgcnb ~cxf xfi Lihc`kch izibhcxyti bylditp hcppilcbkxih ds bkxcabkg hkxk paytìp">: Lihc`kch izibhcxytip kti

kb knntinkxcab ao lihc`kg xtikxlibx àpxp oat {ykgcoscbn zkxcibxp cb k vktcixs ao ztantklp" Oat xfcp tikpab' cx cp hcooc`ygx xa

{ykbxcos xfi xaxkg àpxp ao xfi ztantkl">;

Kbaxfit ztadgil ~cxf {ykbxcoscbn Lihc`kch izibhcxytip cp xfkx di`kypi kzztaztckxcabp fkvi aoxib diib cbpyooc`cibx xa

àvit ztami`xih gckdcgcxcip' Cggcbacp zksp lkbs ao cxp Lihc`kch dcggp xfi sikt koxit xfis kti cb`yttih" >4 Xfi ztk`xcì cp zitlcxxih

ds xfi Pi`xcab 49 ao xfi Pxkxi Ocbkbì K`x &0: CG@P ;:9' kgxfaynf tiìbx `fkbnip ~cgg zfkpi xfcp ayx" Gk~lkeitp fkvi

ypih Pi`xcab 49 xa dkgkbì xfi dyhnix `yxp kbh xk cb`tikpip àygh di kvachih co bix siktp tivibyip àygh di ypih xa

zks xfcp siktp izibpip" Otal OS 4::: xftaynf 4:;:' hioittih Lihc `kch zkslibxp ybhit Pi`xcab 49 xaxkgih kdayx (;6

dcggcab" Pi`xcab 49 klaybxp kti bax tizatxih ybxcg siktp koxit xfi ok`x' lkecbn cx vits hcooc`ygx xa pii ~fkx cp fkzzibcbn"

Lihc`kch cb Cggcbacp cp k vits àlzgi ztantkl kbh xfiti kti ba ikps ocip" Ztavcpcab ao azxcabkg pitvcìp py`f kp ztivibxcvi

`kti kbh lihc`kxcabp cp àpx iooi`xcvi xa k ìtxkcb hintii di`kypi cx tihyìp xfi biih oat ilitnib`s taal vcpcxp kbh

fapzcxkgc}kxcab' dyx fapzcxkg `kti cp lkbhkxih ds oihitkg ztantkl ti{yctilibxp' ~fcgi azxcabkg pitvcìp `kb di `yx" Oytxfit

àlzgc`kxcbn xfi cppyi' xfi dyge ao Cggcbacp Lihc`kch pzibhcbn cp oat k`yxi `kti" Cb 4:;:' >0 zitìbx ao Cggcbacp Lihc`kch

haggktp ~ibx xa k`yxi `kti' àlzktih xa xfi bkxcabkg kvitkni ao ?8 zitìbx" >0Biktgs fkgo ao Cggcbacp pzibhcbn ab k`yxi `kti

&86 zitìbx ~ibx xa cbzkxcibx fapzcxkg izibpip' ~fcgi xfi Y"P" kvitkni ~kp 4; zitìbx" >8


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Tiànbc}cbn xfi hcti pxtkcxp ao xfi Cggcbacp Lihc`kch ztantkl' Navitbat [ycbb ztazapih kbh xfi gincpgkxyti gktnigs ibk`xih cb

Mybi 4:;4 k pkvcbn Lihc`kch zgkb oat OS 4:;0 xaxkgcbn (4"> dcggcab cb àpx tihy`xcabp' pcnbcoc`kbx bi~ tivibyip' kbh

axfit `fkbnip">9

Xfi lkmatcxs ao xfi 4:;4 `fkbnip xa Cggcbacp Lihc`kch ztantkl ~iti `yxp kbh iooc`cib`cip igclcbkxcab ao pali ztantklp

oat ~fc`f xfiti cp ba oihitkg lkx`f' lati likbp xipxcbn' ga~it cbàli ìcgcbnp oat igcncdcgcxs' ntikxit iboatìlibx ao

igcncdcgcxs tygip' igclcbkxcab ao azxcabkg pitvcìp' kbh pitvcì yxcgc}kxcab àbxtagp &py`f kp gclcxp ab xfi byldit ao

ztip`tczxcabp zit labxf">? Cggcbacp @ktip T' k ztip`tczxcab kppcpxkbì ztantkl oat pibcatp' ~kp igclcbkxih àlzgixigs"

Fapzcxkgp kbh bytpcbn falip ~cgg pii xfict Lihc`kch ticldytpilibx tkxip `yx" >>

Cb khhcxcab xa ztantkl `fkbnip' Cggcbacp `cnktixxi xk tkxi cb`tikpih otal (:"36 zit zkè xa (;"36 &kgabn ~cxf xkip ab

axfit xadk`à ztahy`xp" Xfi cb`tikpih tivibyi otal xfi xk cb`tikpi' kgabn ~cxf lkx`fcbn oihitkg oybhp oat Lihc`kch' cp

izi`xih xa xaxkg kzztaclkxigs (?>9 lcggcab">6

Xfi Mybi Lihc`kch `fkbnip ~cgg kgpa gktnigs zyx kb ibh xa k ztaìpp ao zkscbn dcggp ayx ao oyxyti tivibyip' eba~b cb Cggcbacp

kp Pi`xcab 49" Kp xfi @cvc` Oihitkxcab izgkcbp cx= Xfcp ztavcpcab fkp tizikxihgs diib ypih xa dyhnix kb cbpyooc`cibx

klaybx ao Lihc`kch kzztaztckxcabp xa àvit àpxp oat k ncvib ocp`kg sikt' eba~cbn xfkx xfi dcggp ~cgg di zkch otal xfi bix

siktp kzztaztckxcabp">3

Ztcat xa xfi Mybi 4:;4 `fkbnip' xfi nkz ybhit Pi`xcab 49 fkh diib izi`xih xa nta~" Xfi Cggcbacp Hizktxlibx ao

Fikgxf`kti kbh Oklcgs Pitvcìp &FOP ztami`xih xfkx=

UX\fi yboybhih dyhnix nkz oat FOP Lihc`kg Kppcpxkbì Ztantklp ~cgg di (;"8 dcggcab

cb OS ;4 U`kypcbn\ xfi zkslibx `s`gi xa izkbh xa kdayx ;4: hksp ' kbh xfi

ibhcbn OS ;4 dcggp ab fkbh ~cgg di (4"; dcggcab" Xfcp àbxcbyih zkxxitb ao hioittcbn

zkslibx ao dcggp likbp xfkx xfi OS ;0 NTO kzztaztckxcab oat Lihc`kch ~cgg biih xa

cb`tikpi ds kglapx (4"6 dcggcab mypx xa lkcbxkcb xfi zkslibx `s`gi"6:

Xfi Mybi 4:;4 gincpgkxcab `kzzih ybzkch dcggp ybhit Pi`xcab 49 kx k lkclyl ao (>:: lcggcab cb OS 4:;0' kbh (;::

lcggcab cb OS 4:;8 kbh xfitikoxit"6;

Daxf xfi Cbpxcxyxi ao Navitblibx kbh Zydgc` Kookctp &CNZK ao xfi Ybcvitpcxs ao Cggcbacp kbh xfi Ekcpit Oklcgs Oaybhkxcab aooit

kbkgspip ao oyxyti Lihc`kch pzibhcbn kbh xfi iooi`xp ao xfi Zkxcibx Ztaxi`xcab kbh Kooathkdgi @kti K`x &ZZK@K ab

Lihc`kch" Daxf pxyhcip ~iti àlzgixih dioati xfi ixibpcvi `fkbnip ibk`xih cb Mybi 4:;4"

Xfi Ekcpit Oklcgs Oaybhkxcab pxyhs zacbxp ayx xfkx xfi vkpx lkmatcxs ao khhcxcabkg pzibhcbn oat khhcxcabkg Lihc`kch

ibtagglibxp cp ztami`xih xa di kx xfi oihitkg givig' kx gikpx cb xfi bikt xitl" Oat iklzgi' kp pfa~b cb Xkdgi 9' kgxfaynf

ibtagglibx cb`tikpip ao biktgs 8: zitìbx kti ztami`xih ybhit ìtxkcb pìbktcap' pxkxi pzibhcbn ~aygh bax cb`tikpi biktgs

kp ly`f dix~iib 4:;8 kbh 4:;3"64 Xfcp cp di`kypi xfi oihitkg navitblibx ~aygh zcè yz k vits gktni pfkti ao xfi àpx ao

cb`tikpih ibtagglibx"


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Xkdgi 9w Ekcpit Oklcgs Oaybhkxcab Lihc`kch Ztami`xcabp oat Cggcbacp &4:;:

Pxkbhkth Zktxc`czkxcab Pìbktca 49"6) (;'4:4 ;"?)

Ibfkbìh Ayxtik`f Pìbktca 0>"4) (4'8?6 0"0)


Xfi CNZK pxyhs ztihc`xih plkggit ibtagglibx cb`tikpip ybhit ZZK@K' ztclktcgs oihitkggs oybhih" Ncvib xfi ixibpcvi

àvitkni ztavchih ds Cggcbacp Lihc`kch kbh Pxkxi @fcghtibp Fikgxf Cbpytkbì &P@FCZ ztantklp cb 4:;;' xfi kyxfatp

àb`gyhih' xfi ZZK@K ~cgg fkvi gipp clzk`x ab ibtagglibx cb Cggcbacp xfkb cb lapx axfit pxkxip" 60 Kyxfatp Ekipxbit kbh

Ek}ii ipxclkxih' UP\ali~fiti dix~iib ?8:'::: kbh 3?4'9:: khhcxcabkg zitpabp cb Cggcbacp ~cgg di àvitih ds Lihc`kch

kp k tipygx ao xfi ZZK@K kbh' kp k tipygx' Lihc`kch izibhcxytip kti izi`xih xa cb`tikpi ds 9 zitìbx xa 3 zitìbx ds

4:4:"68

Xfis na ab xa ~ktb xfkx xfipi ipxclkxip lks di xaa ga~ di`kypi xfi lati nibitayp oihitkg lkx`fcbn tkxi ~cgg bax kzzgs xa

Lihc`kch ti`czcibxp ~fa ~iti igcncdgi dyx bax ibtaggih dioati tioatl kbh xfi ti{yctilibx ao xfi ZZK@K xfkx kgg zitpabp

fkvi fikgxf cbpytkbì ~cgg ibàytkni khhcxcabkg ibtagglibx"69 Xfi gkè ao oihitkg oybhcbn oat xfcp ntayz àygh htklkxc`kggs

cb`tikpi Cggcbacp Lihc`kch izibhcxytip= Co ~i kppyli xfkx 49 zitìbx ao xfi cb`tikpi cb Lihc`kch ibtagglibx cb tipzabpi

xa xfi ZZK@K àbpcpxp ao xfapi ztivcaypgs igcncdgi' xfib xfi P xkxip Lihc`kch izibhcxytip lks nta~ ds dix~iib ;: zitìbx

kbh 4: zitìbx ds 4:4:"6?

Ekipxbit kbh Ek}ii ktnyi xfkx' hipzcxi xfi vkpx lkmatcxs ao bi~ Lihc`kch izibhcxytip dicbn àvitih ds xfi oihitkg

navitblibx' kb kgtikhs pxtynngcbn Pxkxi ao Cggcbacp lks ocbh cxp cb`tikpih Lihc`kch pfkti xa di k dythib" UK\ 9 zitìbx xa 3

zitìbx cb`tikpi kp k tipygx ao xfi ZZK@K clzgcip kb cb`tikpi ao dix~iib (8:: lcggcab kbh (>4: lcggcab" 6> Kbh co xfict

~ktbcbn tinkthcbn ztivcaypgs igcncdgi zitpabp faghp xtyi' xfi ocnyti àygh di x~cì kp fcnf" Fa~ivit gktni xfi cb`tikpi' cx ~cgg

àbxcbyi xfi gabn xtibh ao Lihc`kch izibhcxytip xkecbn k nta~cbn pfkti ao xfi pxkxip dyhnix kbh `ta~hcbn ayx axfit

pzibhcbn"

Cb pyllkts' kgxfaynf Cggcbacp fkp tiìbxgs ibk`xih pali pcnbcoc`kbx tioatlp xa xfi Lihc`kch ztantkl' oat lkbs siktp'

gk~lkeitp kbh vaxitp ~iti gih xa digcivi xfkx xfi tkzch nta~xf cb pxkxi fikgxf`kti pzibhcbn àygh di pypxkcbih ds xfi ypi

ao dyhnixkts ncllcèp' cb`gyhcbn zyxxcbn aoo dcggp ybxcg bix sikt' kbh abi,xcli ocip' py`f kp pfatx,xitl datta~cbn kbh

tkchp ao pzi`ckg oybhp" Avit xfi siktp xfipi ncllcèp fkvi diàli k pxkbhkth zktx ao xfi Cggcbacp dyhnix' kgga~cbn pxkxi

gikhitp xa zatxtks cx kp dkgkbìh"


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Cggcbacp Dyhnix Gk~p kbh Ztk`xcìpFcbhit Ocp`kg Pxkdcgcxs kbh Lkpe Cldkgkbìp

Xfiti kti k byldit ao xfcbnp xfkx dyhnix lkeitp cb Cggcbacp ha at habx ha xfkx hcpnycpi xfi xtyi dyhnix pcxykxcab kbh

ok`cgcxkxi pfatx,pcnfxih k`xcabp" Xfipi `kb di ntayzih cb xftii dtakh `kxinatcip=

Xcli,pfcoxcbn dyhnix ztk`xcìp5 Oybh,pfcoxcbn dyhnix ztk`xcìp5 kbh Gkè ao cboatlkxcab ab' at zgkbbcbn oat' gabn,xitl ocp`kg pxkdcgcxs"

Xcli pfcoxcbn ztk`xcìp cb`gyhi k`ìgitkxcbn tivibyip' higkscbn zkslibxp' kbh datta~cbn otal xfi oyxyti xa zks oat xahks"

Oybh,pfcoxcbn &kbh axfit k`àybxcbn xtcèp# `kb `tikxi xfi clztippcab ao `yxp at cb`tikpip ~cxfayx kbs pydpxkbxcvi

`fkbni otal sikt xa sikt" Axfit dyhnix ncllcèp cb`gyhi àybxcbn ab tivibyip at pkvcbnp xfkx kti ybgceigs xa lkxitckgc}i

kbh ypcbn xilzatkts' abi,xcli tipaytìp oat ti`yttcbn izibhcxytip"66

î fkvi kgtikhs piib xfkx Cggcbacp p{ycpfs dkgkbìh dyhnix ti{yctilibx kgga~p k byldit ao xcli pfcoxcbn ztk`xcìp=

azxclcpxc` tivibyi ztami`xcabp5 àybxcbn datta~cbn oat azitkxcabp kp tivibyi5 cnbatcbn xfi k``tykg ao gabn,xitl zibpcab

gckdcgcxcip5 kbh cnbatcbn pfatx,xitl gckdcgcxcip cb xfi oatl ao ybzkch dcggp"

Xfi gktnipx iklzgi ao xcli,pfcox dyhnixcbn cp Cggcbacp Mybi 4::0 tiàth,dtikecbn pkgi ao (;: dcggcab cb zibpcab adgcnkxcab

dabhp" Ztaìihp ~iti xa di ypih xa zks Cggcbacp adgcnkxcabp xa xfi pxkxi zibpcab pspxilp" 63 Xfi dabh pkgi ~kp zatxtksih kp

k bi~ kbh `tikxcvi ~ks xa pyzzatx xfi pxkxi zibpcab pspxilp' di`kypi xfi pxkxi ~aygh datta~ xfi labis kx ga~ cbxitipx

tkxip kbh cbvipx cx cb pxkxi ilzgasii zibpcab oybhp kbh iktb fcnfit &ipxclkxih kx 6 zitìbx tixytbp" Fa~ivit' xfi zgkb

okcgih di`kypi xfi tkxi ao tixytb ab xfi zibpcab cbvipxlibxp fkp diib ly`f gipp xfkb 6 zitìbx 3: kbh xfi cbxitipx tkxi xfi

pxkxi zkch ~kp fcnfit' kdayx 9 zitìbx"3; Cb khhcxcab xa xfi (;: dcggcab cb dabh pkgip' xfi pxkxyxi cb`gyhih k ztavcpcab

ti{yctcbn xfkx xfi pxkxip àbxtcdyxcabp xa xfi tixctilibx pspxilp ~aygh di tihyìh ds xfi klaybx ao xfi hidx pitvcì ab

xfi dabhp" Xfcp cp abi tikpab ~fs xfi yboybhih gckdcgcxcip ao xfi zibpcab pspxil fkvi nta~b pcnbcoc`kbxgs pcbì 4::0" 34

Bax~cxfpxkbhcbn xfi ztadgilp ~cxf xfi 4::0 zibpcab adgcnkxcab dabh pkgi' Cggcbacp fkp nabi dkè xa xfcp ~igg x~cì" Xfi

pxkxi datta~ih xa liix cxp p`fihygih zkslibxp xa xfi zibpcab oybhp cb OS 4:;: kbh knkcb cb OS 4:;;"

Xfiti kti pivitkg plkggit iklzgip ao tigckbì ab abi,xcli tivibyi paytìp cb Cggcbacp" Cb OS 4:;;' xfi pxkxi pi`ytcxc}ih cxp

xadk`à pixxgilibx tiìczxp oat (;"9 dcggcab" X~a zitcahp ao xk klbipxs fkvi diib ntkbxih' cb OSp 4::8 kbh 4:;;' ~cxf

bix tiìczxp àggi`xih ao kdayx (0:: lcggcab oat daxf" Fa~ivit' xfipi klaybxp kti tigkxcvigs plkgg= Cggcbacp xaxkg pxkxidyhnix cp avit (?: dcggcab"

Cggcbacp laybxkcb ao ybzkch dcggp fkp diàli izc`' kp kti xfi pxatcip ao plkgg dypcbippip' babztaocxp' kbh pa`ckg pitvcì

ztavchitp xfkx fkvi diib ybkdgi xa tilkcb pagvibx kp xfis k~kcx ticldytpilibx otal xfi pxkxi" Kp OS 4:;4 ibhih cb Mybi'

Cggcbacp àlzxtaggit ~taxi xfkx xfi pxkxi lavih cbxa ocp`kg sikt 4:;0 ~cxf kb ipxclkxih (>"9 xa (6 dcggcab cb ybzkch

adgcnkxcabp' pgcnfxgs ga~it xfkb xfi (6"9 dcggcab xaxkg ao xfi gkpx x~a ocp`kg siktp"30


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Pxkxi gikhitp fkvi bax oatlygkxih kbs ocbkb`ckg lkbknilibx zgkb xa zks ha~b Cggcbacp avithyi dcggp" X~cì gkpx sikt

Navitbat [ycbb ybpy`ìppoyggs ztazapih cppycbn dabhp xa àvit xfi dkègan" 38 Cggcbacp pxtkxins cbpxikh fkp diib xa ibk`x

gincpgkxcab kgga~cbn lati xcli xa zks dcggp= ixibhcbn xfi ocp`kg gkzpi zitcah otal x~a labxfp xa pc labxfp' kbh kgga~cbn

`ktts,avit ao Lihc`kch kbh pxkxi ilzgasii fikgxf`kti dcggp cbxa xfi bix ocp`kg sikt k ztk`xcì àhcocih cb Pi`xcab 49 ao xfi

Pxkxi Ocbkbì K`x"39

Abi ao xfi dcnnipx clzihclibxp xa dyhnix xtkbpzktib`s cb Cggcbacp cp xfi ilzfkpcp ab tizatxcbn xfi Nibitkg Oybhp Dyhnix

~fcgi cb`tikpcbngs ypcbn tipaytìp otal ?::,zgyp bab,Nibitkg Oybhp &cb`gyhcbn pzi`ckg oybhp' pxkxi xtypx oybhp' kbh oihitkg

xtypx oybhp#" Xfi Nibitkg Oybhp Dyhnix tiztipibxp gipp xfkb fkgo ao Cggcbacp xaxkg pzibhcbn kbh pali lkmat izibhcxyti

`kxinatcip py`f kp xtkbpzatxkxcab kti bax zktx ao xfi Nibitkg Oybhp dyhnix kx kgg"

Xfcp cp k ztadgil di`kypi cx `kb di àboypcbn at k higcditkxi paytì ao adoyp`kxcab ~fib izibhcxyti cxilp kti lavih

ayx ao' at tiìczxp kti lavih cbxa' xfi Nibitkg Oybhp otal abi ao xfi lkbs pzi`ckg oybhp"3?

Xfcp ztk`xcì a``ytp oti{yibxgscb Cggcbacp kbh lkeip cx hcooc`ygx xa xigg ~fkx cp tikg kbh ~fkx cp k liti k`àybxcbn `fkbni ~fib àlzktcbn xfi dyhnix otal

sikt xa sikt"3>Oat iklzgi' xfi dyhnix lks kzzikt dkgkbìh di`kypi kb izibhcxyti cxil xfkx ypih xa àli otal xfi

Nibitkg Oybhp fkp diib pfcoxih xa k pzi`ckg oybh" Cb athit xa àbpcpxibxgs xtkè tivibyip kbh pzibhcbn avit xcli' xfi CNZK

Ocp`kg Oyxytip Ztami`x xikl hivigazih k @abpagchkxih Oybhp Dyhnix' ~fc`f àygh pcnbcoc`kbxgs cb`tikpi xtkbpzktib`s kp cx

k`àybxp oat kgg ao xfi pxkxip tipaytìp kbh izibhcxyti k`xcvcxcip" 36

Bab,Nibitkg Oybhp tiztipibx kb

cb`tikpcbn pfkti ao xfi xaxkg pxkxi

dyhnix" Cggcbacp fkp lati xfkb ?::

oybhp' k 00 zitìbx cb`tikpi pcbì

;33>" Bab,Nibitkg Oybhp lkei yz k

pcnbcoc`kbx pfkti cb pali `kpip' xfi

lkmatcxs ao lkmat izibhcxyti

`kxinatcip' kbh cb pali cbpxkbìp xfi

pfkti ao bab,Nibitkg Oybhp

izibhcxytip fkp cb`tikpih

htklkxc`kggs avit xcli &Ocnyti 0"33

Dyhnix xtkbpzktib`s cp hclcbcpfih

~fib xfi pxkxi cb`tikpcbngs ypip

pzi`ckg oybhp ~fcgi ~chigs tizatxcbn

abgs Nibitkg Oybhp xa xfi zydgc`" Cb k

ocoxs,pxkxi pxyhs' xfi Ocp`kg Oyxytip

Ztami`x xikl oaybh xfkx Cggcbacp fkp

abi ao xfi fcnfipx tkxip ao sikt,xa,sikt

vktckxcab cb xfi pfkti ao xfi dyhnix

xfkx àlip otal Nibitkg Oybhp";::

Ocnyti 0w Ipxclkxih Lihc`kch / @FCZ Izibhcxytip' Nibitkg Oybh

vp" Bab,Nibitkg Oybhp' OSp ;33>,4:;;

(:

(4

(8

(?

(6

(;:

(;4

(;8

(;?

;33> ;336 ;333 4::: 4::; 4::4 4::0 4::8 4::9 4::? 4::> 4::6 4::3 4:;: 4:;;

Nibitk g Oybhp Bab,Nibitkg Oybhp

Cbpxcxyxi ao Navitblibx kbh Zydgc` Kookctp kx Ybcvitpcxs ao Cggcbacp' Ocp`kg Oyxytip Ztami`x`kg`ygkxcabp dkpih ab @alzxtaggit.p ha`ylibxp"


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Pzi`ckg pxkxi oybhp kti aoxib oybhih ds hihc`kxih tivibyi paytìp at ztcat kzztaztckxcabp otal xfi Nibitkg Tivibyi Oybhp

oat k pzi`cocih zytzapi" Pzi`ckg oybhp aoxib `ktts k dkgkbì k`tapp ocp`kg siktp" ^fib k pzi`ckg oybh `kttcip k dkgkbì cb

iìpp ao izi`xih adgcnkxcabp oat cxp pzi`cocih zytzapi' xtkbpoittcbn dkgkbìp cbxa xfi Nibitkg Oybhp `kb di kb kzztaztckxi

dyx babti`yttcbn ypi ao pxkxi tipaytìp" ^fib oybh dkgkbìp kti xtkbpoittih xfkx ~cgg di biihih oat izi`xih

adgcnkxcabp' xfcp cp k oatl ao pfatx,xitl datta~cbn oat nibitkg azitkxcabp"

Xfiti kti pivitkg hcooitibx xszip ao pzi`ckg xa Nibitkg Oybh xtkbpoitp cb Cggcbacp" @fktnidkèp kti xtkbpoitp otal pzi`ckg

oybhp xa nibitkg azitkxcabp kx xfi hcp`tixcab ao xfi `fcio ii`yxcvi" Otal OS 4::8 ybxcg OS 4::> &~fib xfi Nibitkg

Kppildgs xaae k~ks xfi za~it xa ha pa' Navitbat Dgknamivc`f kyxfatc}ih `fktnidkèp xaxkgcbn avit (>:: lcggcab" ;:;Oybh

p~iizp' gincpgkxcvi kyxfatc}kxcab oat pzi`coc` xtkbpoitp cb k ncvib sikt' xaxkgih (;"4 dcggcab otal OS 4::0 xa 4:;:" ;:4

Pivitkg axfit xszip ao xtkbpoitp dtcbn xfi xaxkg oat xfi OS 4::0 xa OS 4:;: zitcah xa (4"4 dcggcab" ;:0

Xfiti ~kp àbpchitkdgi tipcpxkbì xa xfi oybh p~iizp kbh `fktnidkèp' cb`gyhcbn gk~pycxp ds cbxitipx ntayzp kppa`ckxih~cxf zktxc`ygkt oybhp' dyx cb A`xadit 4:;; xfi Cggcbacp Pyztili @aytx kèba~gihnih xfi pxkxip za~it xa lkei py`f

xtkbpoitp";:8

Koxit k hi`khi ao p~iizp' kbs advcaypgs iìpp oybh dkgkbìp fkh diib xtkbpoittih lkecbn oytxfit p~iizp k oatl ao

pfatx,xitl datta~cbn" Tiànbc}cbn xfcp' cb OS 4:;; xfi Nibitkg Kppildgs kyxfatc}ih cbxit,oybh datta~cbn xa di zkch dkè

~cxfcb ;6 labxfp' dyx ba azib,ibhih p~iizp";:9

K lkmat xftikx xa Cggcbacp ocp`kg fikgxf cp k gkè ao zgkbbcbn" Lygxcsikt zgkbbcbn cb Cggcbacp cp abgs k vits tiìbx hivigazlibx'

kbh gkèp xfi hizxf biìppkts xa pxiit xfi pxkxi xa~kth ocp`kg pxkdcgcxs";:? Abgs pcbì Mkbykts 4:;4 fkp xfi Navitbatp

Aoocì ao Lkbknilibx kbh Dyhnix ztipibxih k xftii,sikt dyhnix oati`kpx' kbh cxp ztami`xcabp kti abgs oat xfi NibitkgOybhp Dyhnix gipp xfkb fkgo ao Cggcbacp xaxkg dyhnix" K ly`f lati likbcbnoyg ocp`kg zc`xyti àygh di piib cb ztami`xcabp ao

xaxkg tivibyip kbh pzibhcbn &k @abpagchkxih Oybhp Dyhnix";:>^cxfayx àbpagchkxcab' xtkbpoitp dix~iib Cggcbacp fybhtihp

ao oybhp `kb adp`yti xfi xtyi dyhnix pcxykxcab" Co lkmat dyhnix cxilp kti pfcoxih cbxa kbh ayx ao xfi Nibitkg Oybhp otal

abi sikt xa xfi bix' xftii,sikt at ocvi,sikt ztami`xcabp ao Nibitkg Oybhp tivibyip kbh pzibhcbn lks bax di vits

likbcbnoyg"

Cggcbacp fkp bivit fkh k pcnbcoc`kbx tkcbs hks oybh" Cggcbacp haip fkvi k oatlkg pxty`xyti cb zgkì xa ztavchi k dyhnix

pxkdcgc}kxcab xaag' dyx xfi oybh ~kp bivit gktni &kdayx abi zitìbx ao xfi dyhnix kbh fkp diib tizikxihgs tkchih' ivib

hytcbn tigkxcvigs naah iàbalc` xclip" Xfi tkcbs hks oybh hch bax ztavchi ly`f ocp`kg `ypfcab hytcbn xfi iàbalc`

ha~bxytb xfkx dinkb cb 4::6"

Cggcbacp Dyhnix Pxkdcgc}kxcab Oybh ~kp ipxkdgcpfih cb 4::: xa kppcpx xfi Pxkxi cb liixcbn `kpf oga~ hioc`cxp kp biihih" ;:6

Ztcat xa xfcp' Cggcbacp ~kp xfi abgs lkmat cbhypxtckg pxkxi ~cxfayx py`f k oybh";:3 Xfi pxkxyxats nakg oat xfi oybh ~kp 9 zitìbx

report savages state finances, says more cuts, tax hikes inevitable

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