reported speech (1)
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REPORTED SPEECH
ESTILO INDIRECTO
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WHAT IS REPORTED SPEECH?We use reported speech to speak about what someone has said.
•For example: Lisa: “I like Beyonce” •Reported speech
Lisa said (that) she liked Beyonce.
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How do we use reported speech?1. We usually change what the person said in the present into the past tense:
Lisa said: “I LIKE Beyonce” Lisa said (that) she LIKED Beyonce
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There are two main reporting verbs: SAY and
TELL.oSay has only one object:She said that she liked Beyonce
oTell has TWO objects:She told Karen that she liked Beyonce.She told her that she liked Beyonce.
(note that we use the object pronouns: told me, told you, told him, told her, told us, told them)
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How to transform a reported speech sentence.
oPresent →pastE.g. I’m happy →
She said that she was happy
oPast simple → past perfect
e.g. I bought a t-shirt →She said that she had bought a
t-shirt
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oPresent perfect →past perfect
e.g. Susan has lived in Madrid since 1998→
She said that Susan had lived in Madrid since 1998
oPresent continuous→past continuous
e.g. I’m cooking spaghetti→She said that she was cooking
spaghetti
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oFuture simple →would + infinitivee.g. I’ll go to the beach →
She said she would go to the beach
ocan→coulde.g. I can play the guitar →
He said he could play the guitar
oMust→had toe.g. I must go→
He said he had to go
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oSometimes you have to change the pronouns:
I→ he, sheWe →they
You must use common sense here. If you are transforming a sentence you said yourself, of course you don’t have to make this transformation!
e.g. «You must write a composition» → I said that you had to write a composition.
(I’m the same person) BUT if you tell this to your mum:
Elena/She said that we had to write a composition
!!!
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oSame problem when using time references:
Tuesday: You have to write the composition tomorrow→
She said I had to write the composition tomorrow . (still
Tuesday)She said I had to write the composition the next day.
(NOT on Tuesday)
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Other common transformations:
This,
these……………………………
……
Now………………………………
…………..
Today……………………………
……………
Yesterday……………………
………………
The day before
yesterday…………….
Tomorrow……………………
………………
The day after
tomorrow……………….
Next
week/month/year…………
…….
Last
week/month/year…………
…….
Two days/three hours
ago…………..
…………………………………
That, those
……………………………………
……..Then
…………………………………….
.That day
……………………………The
day before
………………………….Two
days before
……………………………….The
next day
…………………………….Two
days later
…..The following
week/month/year
…..The previous
week/month/year
……….Two days/three
hours before