Element vs. Compound

Carbon

Sample Questions for SS 6.5C:Sample Questions for SS 6.5C:1. Which substance cannot be decomposed into simpler substances?

A. ammonia (NH3)B. carbon (C)C. water (H2O)D. glucose (C6H12O6)

2. Which of the following would be found only in the Compounds side of the Venn diagram shown above?

A. III, IV C. II, IIIB. I, VI D. IV, V

Metals Nonmetals Metalloids

Shiny (lustrous) Not shiny (dull) Can be shiny or dull

Good conductor of heat & electricity

Poor conductor of heat & electricity

Conducts better than nonmetals, not

as well as metals

Malleable Not malleable Malleable

Ductile Not ductile Ductile

Physical Properties

Sample Question for SS 6.6A:Sample Question for SS 6.6A:

3. You are testing a silver rock with the lab equipment shown in the diagram. The silver rock has a positive test. What can you narrow the sample down to?

A. I C. I, II. IIIB. I, II D. II, III

I. MetalII. MetalloidIII. Non-metal

Density

Sample Question for SS 6.6B:Sample Question for SS 6.6B:

4. A field geologist collected data for two nuggets of copper and determined their density. Which two pieces of equipment did the geologist most likely use to determine the density of the copper nuggets?

A. a balance & a graduated cylinderB. a metric ruler & a beakerC. a thermometer & an Erlenmeyer flaskD. a specimen bottle & a pair of forceps

What determines the identity of an element?

The number of protons…or….the atomic number!

Atomic number = number of protons

Review of atomic structure

What are these subatomic particles?

Proton

Neutron

Electron

What determines the chemical properties or reactivity of an

element?The valence electrons!

Review of atomic structure

What are these subatomic particles?

Proton

Neutron

Electron

Sample Question for RS 8.5A:Sample Question for RS 8.5A:

5. Which statement best describes one of the subatomic particles that could be found at location X?

A. it has mass but no chargeB. it has no mass & a positive chargeC. it has a large mass & a negative

chargeD. it has no mass & a negative charge

An electron in an outer shell of an An electron in an outer shell of an atom that can participate in forming atom that can participate in forming chemical bonds with other atoms chemical bonds with other atoms

Valence Electrons

Sample Question for RS 8.5B:Sample Question for RS 8.5B:

6. Observe the diagram of a water molecule above. Choose a statement that best describes why the chemical formula for water is H2O.

A. oxygen is a nonmetal & hydrogen is a gasB. the two elements bond together because

both elements are gasesC. oxygen has six valence electrons which

bond with two hydrogen valence electrons making the last energy level complete

D. hydrogen loses its valence electrons making it a negative ion, & oxygen gains those electrons making it a positive ion

Group= vertical column with similar chemical & physical properties (same # of valance electrons)

Periodic Table

Period= horizontal row with changing chemical properties (# of protons & electrons increases from left to right)

Periodic Table

Sample Question for RS 8.5C:Sample Question for RS 8.5C:

7. An element has a metallic-gray appearance. It also has the properties of both a metal and a nonmetal. In which section of the periodic table indicated above would the element most likely be found?

A. 1 C. 3B. 2 D. 4

Chemical Formulas

What is it?

# of carbon atoms=___ # of hydrogen atoms=___

# of oxygen atoms= ___

What does it look like?

Sample Questions for RS 8.5D:Sample Questions for RS 8.5D:8. The chemical formula for baking soda is made from one atom of sodium, carbon, hydrogen & three atoms of oxygen. Which of the following best represents the correct formula?

A. SHCo3

B. NaHCo3

C. NaHCO3

D. NaH(CO)3

9. The chemical formula for aspirin is C9H8O4. Which best describes the number of atoms of each element in the formula?

A. 9 chlorines, 8 heliums, 4 oxygensB. 9 carbons, 17 hydrogens, 21 oxygensC. 9 chlorines, 8 heliums, 21 oxygensD. 9 carbons, 8 hydrogens, 4 oxygens

Chemical Reactions

Sample Questions for RS 8.5E:Sample Questions for RS 8.5E:10. A student observes some sugar as it is heated & burns. The student concludes that a chemical reaction has occurred. Which of the following observations about the burning sugar provides evidence of a chemical reaction?

A. heat is added to the sugar crystalsB. the sugar melts & becomes a liquidC. the temperature of the sugar increasesD. gas is produced as the sugar turns black

11. The equation above shows the chemical reaction for burning coal. Which of the following best explains the reaction represented by this equation?

A. carbon dioxide gas breaks down into solid carbon & oxygen gas

B. solid carbon reacts with oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide gas

C. solid carbon, oxygen gas, & carbon dioxide gas react to form products

D. oxygen gas heats solid carbon, melting the carbon into a liquid

Law of Conservation of Mass

Sample Questions for SS 8.5F:Sample Questions for SS 8.5F:12. Which reaction between methane gas & oxygen supports the Law of Conservation of Mass?

A. CH4 + O2 --> CO2 + H2OB. CH4 + 2O2 --> CO2 + 2H2OC. 2CH4 + O2 --> 2CO2 + 2H2OD. 2CH4 + 2O2 --> 2CO2 + 3H2O

13. If 32 grams of oxygen is combined with 4 grams of hydrogen, how much water would be formed?

A. 4 grams C. 32 gramsB. 28 grams D. 36 grams

Chemical Reactions- Evidence That New Substances Are

Formed

Sample Question for RS 8.5E:Sample Question for RS 8.5E:

14. A student placed 2 grams of baking soda in a balloon & 100 mL of vinegar in an Erlenmeyer flask. After stretching the opening of the balloon across the neck of the flask, the student raised it to dump the baking soda into the flask. She immediately observed foaming bubbles in the flask & the balloon began to expand. The student concluded that:

A. a physical change only was occurring.B. the bubbles indicated a chemical

change was occurring.C. the baking soda & vinegar were products of

a chemical reaction.D. the gas that was produced was oxygen.

Food Chain

SnakeSnake

LizardLizard

GrasshopperGrasshopper

GrassGrass

Food Web

Trophic Levels

10%10%

Trophic Levels

90%90%

Trophic Levels

Sample Question for SS 7.5C:Sample Question for SS 7.5C:15. Choose the best statement that reflects the transformation of energy processes found within an ecosystem.

A. When plants grow, they produce energy that is used by all organisms in higher levels.

B. Plants are producers for an ecosystem; all organisms eat plants so energy is passed to other levels.

C. The sun provides the initial energy for producers; consumers eat producers & other consumers which causes energy to be passed on to higher levels.

D. Decomposers produce energy for plants by breaking down dead matter; this is the initial step towards the transformation of energy for each trophic level.

Organic Compounds Contain Carbon + Other

Elements

a change from one state (solid or liquid or a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in gas) to another without a change in

chemical composition chemical composition

Physical Change

any change from one state (gas, liquid, any change from one state (gas, liquid, solid) which is accompanied by alteration of solid) which is accompanied by alteration of

the chemical compositionthe chemical composition

Chemical Change

Physical vs. Chemical Changes in Matter- Digestive System

Sample Question for SS 7.6B:Sample Question for SS 7.6B:

I. Chewing & mixing food with saliva in the mouthII. Movement of food using peristalsis through the esophagusIII. Reaction of food with hydrochloric acid in the stomachIV. Interaction of food with bile in the small intestine

16. Which of the following digestive processes will be found in the middle of the Venn diagram?A. I C. IIIB. II D. IV