724 JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE

R E P O R T S O F T H E P U B L I C H E A L T H C O M ~ I I T T E E

L. A. BLACK, Chairman Public Health Committee, Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center,

4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio

At the meetings in Stillwater, Oklahoma, the Board of Directors agreed to expand the activi- ties of the Public Health Liaison Committee to form a new Public Health Committee. This Committee will consider all types of problems in the dairy field which relate to public health aspects of milk and milk products. A committee of 12 was organized into six task groups to deal with problems within the scope indicated bv the Board; namely, antibiotics, disease prevention and control; chemical additives, sanitizers, and pesticides; dair 5, feeds, production, and equip- ment; hormones, protective antibodies, and tox- ins; milk regulations, sanitary practices and processes ; and radiation.

At the request of the American Dairy Science Association Program Committee, a symposium

was arranged for the 1958 annual meeting on Antibiotics and Pesticides. These symposium papers were published in the Janua15-, 1959, J0VR~-~L. Although Committee membership was not completed until January, 1958, three re- ports by Committee members were presented to the Board of Directors at the June, 1958, an- nual meeting. These reports have been reviewed by all members of the Public Health Committee and were recommended for publication by the Board of Directors. Similar reports apprais ing current knowledge and research, assessing new developments or evaluating changing practices or trends that may have public health implica- tions, will be prepared by task groups concerned in others areas. The three Committee reports follow.

M I L K R E G U L A T I O N S , S A N I T A R Y P R A C T I C E S A N D P R O C E S S E S 1

A. C. DAtILBERG Department of Dairy Industry, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

AND F. E. FEXTOX

Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA, VVashington, D. C.

In any committee activity on milk regula- tions, sanitary practices and processes, the field of these regulations should be outlined with re- spect to products and geographic areas. Such a general policy statement on sanitary regulations applicable to dairy farm and milk inspections is proposed in this report.

In 1908, the Official Dairy Instructors ' As- sociation (American Dairy Science Association) developed one of the first dairy farm inspection forms used in this count~ T. A federal law speci- fied that the inspection form used by the Fed- eral Food and Drug Administration on imported milk and fresh fluid products shall be recom- mended by the U. S. Department of Agriculture with approval of the A.D.S.A. The old score form remained valid for several decades; a few years ago its revision by A.D.S.A. was re- qnested by the USDA. This "Dairy.. Farm Score Card Revision" was approved by the A.D.S.A. (3) and was adopted by the USI)A.

Fluid Milk Sold in Retail Containers Sani tary regulations have been developed

most extensively and universally for milk to be

~Report of the Subcommittee of the Public Health Committee of the American Dairy Science Association.

consumed in fluid form. In the early years, such regulations were formulated principally in the large cities, especially in the northeast portion of this country, because milk was of much public health significance in outbreaks of food poisoning and disease epidemics. Limited knowl- edge of sanitation and experience with milk as a public health problem caused wide variations in ninny phases of these local regulations. Soon the states established minimum milk sanitation standards to assure certain major essentials in local ordinances, it being recognized that most rapid advances in experience would be gained by trial and error in the many local municipalities.

With advances in the sanitary control of milk supplies, improved milk quality, increased sci- entific and practical dairy experiences, better methods and facilities, there has been increased trade in milk among local areas and states ac- cording to the availability and needs for milk. To meet these developments, state laws on milk sanitation have been strengthened within states and made more uniform among states and cities. A very important factor in the unification and more rigid details in state laws on sanitation and in the local ordinances of cities and counties has been the Milk Ordinance and Code Recom- mended by the United States Public Health Service (4). I t has been incorporated into the