Starter

• Make up album titles for these digipak covers

Starter

• Make up film titles for these movie posters

When we dance1000 Stars

The State

Representation in Music

Progress Criteria

Going Strong: Analyse the marginalization/ sexualisation/subordination of groups within the music industry.

Accelerating: Indicate how certain groups are “invisible” in the music industry.

Revving Up: Understand what is meant by “Representation” and be able to identify various groups.

What is “Representation”?

What groups of people are represented in these pictures?

2.1.

3.

6.

7.

5.

4.

“Representation”

1. Age2. Gender3. Ethnicity4. Sexuality5. Class and status6. Regional and national identity;7. Physical ability/disability.

We are going to focus on as a class, but you are free to analyse any group in your genre:

1. Age2. Gender3. Ethnicity4. Sexuality5. Class and status6. Regional and national identity;7. Physical ability/disability.

There are 3 central points I wish to cover about women’s representation:

• Female marginalization and invisibility

• Framing the women in a position of subordination and weakness

• Overwhelming emphasis on sexuality

• Female marginalization and invisibility

• Framing the women in a position of subordination and weakness

• Overwhelming emphasis on sexuality

There are 3 central points I wish to cover about women’s representation:

Let’s focus on this first:

Female marginalization and invisibility

What genre do these pictures belong to? How do you know?

How are the men presented in these posters?

Female marginalization and invisibility

What is meant by “female marginalization and invisibility”

What role do women usually occupy in action these genres? Why?

In film posters… Any form of participation by women in the movies themselves, whether small or large scale is largely unacknowledged at the surface level because of their exclusion from the poster. This is true for A Beautiful Mind, where the titular role played by Jennifer Connelly’s character as the wife of Russell Crowe’s character went un-credited in favour of promoting the male protagonist’s mental prowess and personal development in the poster.

Subverting the stereotype

How does this poster challenge the stereotype in action posters?

Invisibility and Marginalisation in music

1) List 5 features of this video that society would consider ’masculine’

2) What does the absence of females connote about women?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSvFpBOe8eY

There are 3 central points I wish to cover about women’s representation:

• Female marginalization and invisibility

• Framing the women in a position of subordination and weakness

• Overwhelming emphasis on sexuality

There are 3 central points I wish to cover about women’s representation:

• Female marginalization and invisibility

• Framing the women in a position of subordination and weakness

• Overwhelming emphasis on sexuality

Let’s focus on this now:

Progress Criteria

Going Strong: Analyse the marginalization/ sexualisation/subordination of groups within the music industry.

Accelerating: Indicate how certain groups are “invisible” in the music industry.

Revving Up: Understand what is meant by “Representation” and be able to identify various groups.

Because I know how much you

love it

• Here are some examples of subordinate relationships:- A slave to their master.- A soldier to a lieutenant.- A peasant to a prince.- A working class person to an upper class person.- A pupil to a teacher (??? – is this fair? Is female representation

in music fair? Discuss).

Subordination

• When women appear in music industry together with men, their presence becomes framed by the male’s masculinity.

• This establishes a relationship within the posters such that the women are portrayed as subordinate to masculine authority.

• Photography/Art Theorist: Solomon-Godeau (1996) would call this a “fantasy of possession”.

• Possession suggests the objectification of women as accessories for the leading male to flaunt as signals of his masculinity and dominance, leaving the women to occupy a subordinate position in the poster.

Females in the Music Industry

Men surround ‘Lady’ Antebellum, implying she is needing or dependent on them (esp. with the way she is hanging off of one of them, while he nonchalantly puts a hand in his pocket).

Idea is supported by the album title. Text is suggestive of inferiority.

Composition and blend almost makes it look like she is wrapped up in them.

- He is at the centre of the image.

- He is dressed in a position of wealth.

- He has chattels signifying his wealth.

- She is pandering to his needs.

- She surrounds him in a similar pattern to way the money surrounds him.. Connotations?

Do I even need to say anything about Hip-Hop?At least Hip-Hop doesn’t even

bother trying to hide it – the next one is far more subtle.

What about the font-type? Does that have relevance?

Man has his eyes closed – he is in the moment, enjoying the passion.

The woman, on the other hand, has her eyes open… what could this imply about her role?

Denote Reality

Symbol Sign

Layers Society

Stereotype Archetypal

Countertype Reaction

Mise-en-scene Hierarchy

Connote Subversive

Task:It might be worth jotting these down.

Key vocabulary of ‘Representation’

You should use all these words in your analysis of

representation

• Choose a negative representation of a group for your genre.

• Go and find at least texts (vid, poster, image).

• (Remember to refer to specific details from the posters).

Task:

Progress Criteria

Going Strong: Analyse the marginalization/ sexualisation/subordination of groups within the music industry.

Accelerating: Indicate how certain groups are “invisible” in the music industry.

Revving Up: Understand what is meant by “Representation” and be able to identify various groups.

How women are stereotypically seen by society?

• Domestic sphere• Dainty pretty things to be looked after.• Sex objects.

Discussion Point

• Female marginalization and invisibility

• Framing the women in a position of subordination and weakness

• Overwhelming emphasis on sexuality

There are 3 central points about women’s representation:

Let’s look at the…

• The representation of women can be said to be characterised by an overwhelming emphasis on their sexuality. This we deduced to be a result of the pleasure experienced by the viewer, called "scopophilia" which is essentially means the pleasure of looking (Mulvey).

• One part of her male gaze theory suggests that the camera / audience always represents a heterosexual man’s perspective of the scene objectifying women.

• Another part of her male gaze theory suggests that women are only portrayed as one of two possibilities. Either a virginal innocent character or a sexy “whore” (her words, not mine)! This is called the virgin / whore dichotomy.

• Mulvey argues the "male figure cannot bear the burden of sexual objectification [because] Man is unwilling to gaze at [himself] exhibitionist like", and this immediately shifts the burden of being the spectacle onto the women.

Laura Mulvey (Theorist)

In film…

In music…

On album covers On stage

In magazine interviews

In music videoshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kaej4Wjkj1Q

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Subverting the taxonomy:

• Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon:

• Though there is a romantic element to the movie between these characters, this is not implied in the poster

• Interesting to note, however, that she is looking directly at the viewer, while he is not (link back to Mulvey).

Subverting the taxonomy in music?

Example of a students work

• http://www.slideshare.net/filmbuff/representation-of-women-in-music-videos

Now go and do an entry on representation:

• Analyse representation in the genre you are exploring.

• Is this going to effect your video? How? Will you challenge or subvert any stereotypes?