reprint of imperial gazetteer of india (provincial … · 2020. 10. 15. · "viii. statistics of...
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REPRINT OFIMPERIAL GAZETTEER OF INDIA
(PROVINCIAL SERIES), PUNJAB, 1908
GAZETTEERS ORGANISATIONREVENUE DEPARTMENT
HARYANA
CHANDIGARH (INDIA)
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PriceRs.~~.:;\;
The Controller, Printing and Stationery, Haryana,Ckandigarb (l,Adia)~
, .Prlntf:dBy':
Controller of Printing and Station~, Government of HaryarChandigarh.
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The District Gazetteer is a miniature encyclopaedia and a goodguide. It describes all important aspects and features of the district;historical, physical, social, economic and cultural. Officials and otherpersons desirous of acquainting themselves with the salient features ofthe district would find a study of the Gazetteer rewarding. It is of immenseuse for research scholars.
The old gazetteers of the State published in the British regimecontained very valuable information, which was not wholly re-producedin the revised volume. These gazetteers have gone out of stock and arenot easily available. There is a demand for these volumes by researchscholars and educationists. As such, the scheme of reprinting of oldgazetteers was taken up by the Gazetteers Organisation of Haryana.
The draft of Imperial Gazetteer of India (Provincial Series) was Iinitially drafted by Mr. H.A. Rose, I.C.S. He received special assistanc~ :jfrom Mr. Raghunath Das of Jin~, Pandit Ram Singh Sharma qf iPaqala,Sardar Gurbachan Singh of Sirmur and Malik Muhammad. Din of
;.. Bahawalpur. Final revision was carried out by Mr. 1.P. Thompson, Le.S.
The Volume is the reprinted edition of the Imperial Gazetteerlof India (Provincial Series), Punjab, Volume-I, 1908. It containsinfonnation on a slew of varied topics pertaining to the district of Arilbala,Hisar, Kamal, Rohtak and Gurgaon. This is the eighteenth in the seriesof reprinted gazetteers of Haryana. Every care has been taken inmaintaining the complete originality of the old gazetteer while reprinting.I extend my appreciation toSh. A. K. Jain, Editor, Gazetteers andSh. 1.S. Nayyar, Assistant, who have handled the work with efficiency·and care in the reprinting of this volume.
I am very thankful to the Controller, Printing and Stationery,Haryana and his staff in the press for expeditiously completing the workof reprinting.
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tHE articles contained in these volumes wt"rt"originallydrafted by Mr. H. A. Rose, Le.S. A considerable portionof the Provincial article was contributed by officers ofscientific departments or heads of departments; whi!~ th~draft District and minor articles were scrutinized and cor·reeted by District and Political Officers, among whom maybe mentioned Messrs. J. Coldstream, R. E. Younghusband,E. R. Abbott, P. J. Fagan, H. Calvert, and Captain R. M.Lowis. In compiling State articles special assistance ~a$received from M. Raghunath Das of Jind, PanJit RimSingh Sarma of PaWila, Sardar Gurbachan Sing\ of Sir·mur, and Malik Muhammad Din of Bahiwalput. Thefinal revision was carried out by Mr. ]. P. Thompson, I.C.S.,
.••. --..,. ~.,.,~ .,,..,. "h ~."""'--'
who has rendered valuable service In reV1Singthe statisticsand collecting additional matter.
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THE PR.OVINCEPHvSJCA,L AsPECTS
General description .BoundariesPhysical divisionsThe DolbsMountain systemRiver systemScenery •Geology "
PJains '.Salt RangeHimllayas •
Northem zone "Centlal and lower zonesSub-Himila.yan zone.
Botany. .."Himilayas .Submontane tJaetPlainl.Salt Range"
Wild animals "BirdsReptiles and fishInsects •Meteorology .Storms and cyclonesFloodsEarthquakes
.HISTORYEarly periodAlexander'.Hi~successors.Sabs and Kushans .
'The Muhammadan invasions.){abmiid of Ghazni .
PAGE1-166
1-I7I
122
2
2
••••••It ~is. .l6 .6
71. 88
10. 10II
12.--.J2IJ1313161616
. . 17-361717161920
2T
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TABLE OF C09TENTS'Y" ,•.
Muhammad of GborSlave kingsMongol raids •KhiljiS and Tughla.ksAnarchy.Saiyids and LadtsMughals' and SurisAkbarJaMngtr •
" ShAh ]ablnAutangzebSikhsInvasionsRanjtt SinghFirst Sikh WarSecond Sikh WarThe MutinyLater events
A ltCHAEOLOGYEarly periodBuddhismHinduismIslAm .'
POPULAT\ON •Density .Cities, towns, and vil~gesGrowth of populationMigrationAge statistics •Vital statistics .InfirmitiesFeverCholera and small-poxp,lague .Infant mortalitySex statistics •Statistics of civil conditionLanguageCastePhysical characteristicsReligionsArya SamajReligious architecture,Christian missions .
PAGIt.;·•. 22
2:1
232425262627272728283°
~.. 31313334'36
• ~6-39.~, 36373138
• 39-5739·
·4°4°4°41414243434344444S4748495°51S2S2
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OccupationsFoodDressDwellingsDisposal of the deadAmusementsFestivals.Names
AGRICULTURESoils and conditions of cultivationHarvestsPloughingSowing •Manure •Population dependent on agriculturePrincipal spring crops
Wheat.Gram.Barley.
Principal autumn cropsMaize .Spiked milletGreat milletRice •
Other autumn cerealsCottonOilseedsHempSpicesSugar-caneDrugs and narcotics
Poppy. .TobaccoTea
IndigoGarden produceRotationsImprovements in agricultural practiceLoansCattle
YakKineBuffaloes
\"1\
PAGE53535-.5SS55556S6
57-68575858585859595~59 ,60
-I 60606.0606060606161("
6161616161016z6262626~.>636464'..v",
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OccupationsFoodDress.DwellingsDisposal of the deadAmusementsFestivals.Names
AGRICULTURESoils and conditions of cultivationHarvestsPloughingSowing •Manure •Population dependent on agriculturePrincipal spring crops
Wheat •Gram •Barley.
Principal autumn cropsMaize .Spiked milletGreat milletRice •
Other autumn cerealsCottonOilseeds .HempSpicesSugar-caneDrugs and narcotics
Poppy. .TobaccoTea
IndigoGarden produceRotationsImprovements in agricultural practiceLoansCattle
YakKineBuffaloes
viiPAGE
53535'+55S5S5S656
57-68575858 .585859
,{59.i'59 ,S96060606.0,60.\ 6060606r616,
, 6161616r61016262626263636464'..v .••.
J
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CottonWoolSil\Embroidery"Carpets and rugsJewellery .Ironwork.Brass and copper manufacturesPottery •Wood-carving and furnitureInlaid workLacquer-work •European furniture •IvoryPaper and fibresExtension of factory industries .
Cotton-mills.Woollen industry.BreweriesIceIndigo.DistilleriesIron foundries
Protection of operatives •Artisans in the indigenous industries
COMMERCE AND TRADE.Trade prior to annexationvenera! character of trade"Trade centres .Organization of internal trade •Organization of external tradeTrade with KashmirTrade \vith countries beyond India
COMMUNICATIONSP~!h~'~rsRoads
VehiclesRiversPost Office
FAMINE.Area liable to be visitedHistory of famines •
1860-1ySlIiSl_",.. oil
P"'~E
78797QbO8080818r8r8282828282838383848484 ,84 '84848485
85-8885 •8686878788
,8888-93
8~91929292
93-979~Y49501:
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CottonWoolSiIlrEmbroidery
, ,Carpets and rugsJewellery .Ironwork.Brass and copper manufacturesPottery •)Vood.carving and furnitureInlaid workLacquer-work •European furniture •IvoryPaper and fibresExtension of factory industries •
Cotton-mills.Woollen industry .BreweriesIceIndigo.DistilleriesIron foundries
Protection of operativesArtisans in the indigenous industries
COMMERCE AND TRADE.Trade prior to annexationyeneral character of trade·trade centres .Organization of internal trade •Organization of external trade •Trade with KashmirTrade ,vith countries beyond India
COMMUNICATIONSP-.3!h~'~~'sRoads
VehiclesRiversPost Office
FAMINE.Area liable to be visitedHistory of famines •
1860-1!SlliSl-?
IX
PJ.liE
78797000808081818181828282828383
,83848484il4 ;
f 84 I84 "8485
8S-888S8686878788
,8888-93
RR91929'-92
93-9793949Sor:
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CottonWoolSilkEmbroideryCarpets and rugsJewellery .Ironwork.Brass and copper manufacturesPottery •Wood· carving and furnitureInlaid workLacquer-work •European furnitureIvoryPaper and fibresExtension of factory industries •
Cotton-mills •Woollen industry.BreweriesIceIndigo.DistilleriesIron foundries
Protection of operativesArtisans in the indigenous industries
COMMERCE AND TRADE •
Trade prior to annexationGeneral character of tradeTrade centres .Organization of internal trade •Organization of external trade •Trade with KashmirTrade ,vith countries beyond India
COMr.lUNICATIONSP..ail'·~'~ysRoads
VehiclesRiversPost Office
FAMINE.Area liable to be visitedHistory of famines •
1860-1~Sll'iSl_')
IX
f).liE
78797Q608080818181828z8z828283838384848484'~4 ,I84 I8485
85-88858686878788
.8888-93
8891929292
93-9793949S01;
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18n-81896-19°0
Effects of famine on populationProtective measures.
ADMINISTRATION •Govemment •Administrative divisionsNative States •
Relations with GovernmentReligionRace •Chiefs who are minor_.
LEGISLATION AND JUSTICECustomary law.LegislationSupreme CourtSubordinate courtsCivil casesCriminal courtsCriminal cases .Criminal appealsCivil appeals •Revenue courtsRegistration
FINANCEProvincial settlements
1877-821882-71887-921892-71897-19°5
LAND REVENUEUnder native ruleSubsequent development .The cadastral recordZilml ""arsThe assessmentShare of produce takenCessesAllowances,Term of settlement .The collection of the revenueSuspensions and remissionsNew restl'iclions on alienation of land
PAGE95959696
.97-102979899
100
100
101
101
102-1°5102
102
1°31°31°31°4
• I 104:',104
1°51°51°5
IOS-109106
1°7107
1°71°7108
109""1151°91°9110
IIOIII
112II2112II3II3II 4-114
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Moderation in assessmentsClassification of land
PAGP:115
tIS
.M I~CI':LLANEOUS REVENUESalt.Excise
OpiumCultivationImports and exports .Opium-smoking
LiquorsForeign spiritsDrugS.Statistics of revenue
Stamps •Income tax
LOCAL AND MUNICIPAL •'Iiie-l iUage whiluunit,Municipal administration.Constitution of committees and incidence of tax-
ation •Municipal taxationDistrict boards
PUBLIC WORKSIrrigationBuildings and roads.
ARMYPOLICE AND JAILS •
Police: History and developmentOrganizationArmament .Military policeTrainingRural police~~Iu~\,;iJ.*l,.~.nivi'u:u~ut, [elij, d,jid rai~·;."••y pvli=;;Detection of crimeProportion of police to area and populationCriminal tribes and punitive posts
Jails: AdministrationMortality in jails .Employment of prisonersBoy prisoners' reformatories .
EDUCATIONHi:;tuf)
IT5u8II8
119
119
120
120
120
121121121122
122-176.. -122
I~4~~:5l2S
126-129126
127129-131131 133
1:1';:13I131
13113:132:::,,:132132132132132'33IJJ
133-144
,
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Present organizationThe Punjab UniversityCollegiate educationLaw SchoolSecondary educationPrimary education (boys).Zamlndari schools •Female educationSpecial education
Training institutionsNormal schools •Technical educationEuropean educationMuhammadan education
General educational resultsYmance •Registered publicationsNewspapers
MEDICALLunatics.Pasteur Institute and Research InstituteVaccinationSale of quinineVillage sanitation
SURVEYS ....
BIBLIOGRAPHYSTATISTICS
Table I. Temperature" II. Rainfall" III. Distribution of population, 1901 •" IV. Statistics of agriculture" V. Prices of staples in seers per rupee" VI. Trade by rail and river of the Punjab with
other Provinces and States in India •" VII. Trade of the Punjab with KashmIr and Ladl.kh"VIII. Statistics of criminal justice •" IX. Statistics of civil· justice and revenue court
cases . :-." X. Principal sources of Provincial revenue." XI. Provincial expenditure ." XII. Income and expenditure of municipalities"XIII. Income and e~penditure of District boards" XIV. Police statistics" XV. Jail slalUiLics
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13513513613713713813914°14°14°141
141142142143143144144
144-147146146146147147
. 141-149149-15°151 166
151151
152154 .155
158159160
161
162
163164
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PAGETable XVI. Colleges, schools, and scholars. 165
" XVII. Statistics of hospitals, lunatic asylums, andvaccinatiOn 100
MOUNTAINS •H,MALAYAS
Name.Extent of rangePolitical distributionDivisions of rangeScenerySnow-lineRivers •Highest peaksValleys and lakes .Geology
Age and origin of the rangeThe Siwalik seriesUnfossiliferous rocks of OtJter Himl.1ayas •The crystalline aXis •Fossiliferous rocks of the Tibetan zoneRconomic minerals
BotanyFauna.People.Agriculture •ForestsMeans of communicationBibliography
SIWAUK HILLSSALT RANGE •
RIVER.S •
JUMNA
CHAUTANGSARASWATi
GHAGGAR.
SUTLEJBEASRAVICHENABBHIMBAR
JHKLUM •
P~NJNAnINDUS
Course in Tibet and Kashm!l
167-183167-180
16716716716816916917°17°17°17117117a17317317417S!1:75176177178179179180!80181
183-202183185185Il$b18718819°19119=193195
J95-aoa1'/5
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~:_C:Eh.asnmlr J95In the Punjab and th~ Frontier Province 196In Sind 198Changes in the river course 199Inundations and irrigation 200Principal canals 200Navigation 20JFish 102
CANALS. 202-21f1JUMi"A \:AJ!oIAL, '~V-ESTERN 202
SIRHIND CANAL '. 205BARI DoAB CANAL • 207
\.CRENAII CANAL, LOWER 208]HELUM CANAL, LoWER 210SHAH PUR INUNDATION CANALS ZIZSUTLEJ CANALS, UPPER • j 213GREY CANALS.' 2I 4GHAGGAR CANALS 215SUTLE] INUNDATION CANALS, LOWER 215SJDHNAI CANAL '!16CHENAB INUNDATION CANALS. 217MUZAFFARGARH CANALS. 218INDUS INUNDATION CANALS :218
HISTORIC AREAS 2~g-226BARI DOAB 2I 9BHATTIANA 219BisT ]ULLUNDUR DOAB 220CRA] (JKCH) DOAB • 220Cis-SUTLEJ STATES. 221HARIANA 222KURUXSHETRA 223MiLWA 224MiN]HA. 224RECHNA DOAB 225SIND·SAGAR DOAB 22 5THAL 225
DELHI DlvrSION 227-350HISSAR DISTRICT 228-24i
Boundaries, configuration, and hill and river systems. 228Geology 228Bomny 228Fall..... 228Climate and temperature. 228Rainfall 228
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PAGE229232232233234235235235236236236236237237237237238238239239239 .'240240 •
24°24°240
241
241
241
241
242
242
2~~243243243244245246247
ROHTAK DISTRICT . 247-264Boundaries, configuration, and hill and river systems. 247Geo~ 248Botany • 248
History and archaeologyThe peopleCastes and occupationsCluistian missionsGeneral agricultural conditions .Chief agricultural statistics and principal cropsImprovements in agricultural practiceCattle, horses, and sheep .Irrigation.ForestsMinerals.Arts and manufacturesCommerce and tradeRailways and roads .Famine .District subdivisions and staffCivil and criminal justice.Land revenue administrationLocal and municipalPolice and .jailsEducationHospitals and dispensariesVaccinationBibliography .HlSSAR TAHSiLHANSI TAHSiLBHIWANI TAHSiL
FATAHABAD TAHSiLTOHANA SUB-TAHSiLSIRSA TAHSiL •DABWALI SUB-TAHSiLSKINNER ESTATESAGROHA.BHIWANI TOWNFATA!lABAD TOWNHANSI TOWN.HISSAR TOWN.SIRSA TOWN •TOHiNA TOWNTosHAM •
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FaunaClimate and temperature .Rainfall •History •ArchaeologyThe peopleCastes and occupationsChristian missions •General agricultural conditions.Chief agricultural statistics and principal crops .Improvements in agricultural practiceCattle, borses. and sheep •IrrigationForests .;Minerals •Arts aDd manufacturesCommerce and tradeRailways and roads •Famine •District subdivisions and staffCivil and criminal justice .Land revenue administrationLocal and municipal •.Police and jailsEducationHospitals and" dispensariesVaccination·Bibliography •ROHTA~ TAHSiLSi)fPLA •JHA]]Alt. TAHSiLGOUNA TAHSiLBAHADURGARHBAIlAUDABERIBUTiNA •GXORGEGAllH •GoHANA TOWN
}RAJJAll TOWN IKAHN'AUllKALiNAUR.
MARAK.MUNDLiNAROHTAIt. TOWN
l'AGE24824824824825°251251252252252253lI53254254-lIS4-lI55lISS:2SS!
.' lI5S'·lI5~
256lI57lIS3
• . lIsS258lIs9259259
'. 259lIS91159'260 .
260260260lI61261
261-
lI61
262lI62262563263
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PAGESANGHI • 264
GURGAON DISTRICT 264-279Buwu.1uit;::t, (.;..,un~uJ:i:«.&.iOU,iU:iC..l hili iI..ul1"l~c;l 3)3;"C111'; .. ~G"foGeology 264Botany 264Fauna 265Climate and temperature. 265Rainfall • 265History . 265Archaeology 266The people 266Castes and occupations 267Christian missions 268General agricultural conditions. 268Chief agricultural statistics and principal crops 268Improvements in agricultural practice 269Cattle, horses, sheep, and goats 269Irrigation • 269Forests 270Minerals . 210 :Arts and manufactures 270Commerce and trade 270Railways and roads . 271Famine • 271District subdivisions and staff 272Civil and criminal justice. 272Land revenue administration 272Local and municipal 273Police and j!1ils :l73Education 273Hospitals and dispensaries 274"accination 274Bibliography • 274GURGAON TAHsiL 274FALWAL TAHSiL 275FiRoZPUR TAHSIL 275NUH 276REWA-RI TAHsiL 276
FARRUKHNAGAR 276FiROZPUR-]HIRK.\ 277
GURGAON TOWN 277BODAL 278PALWAL TOWN 278RE\~,·Ai\.i Tv-"v:i.~ .z;e
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PAGESOHNA 279
DELHI DISTRICT 280-301
Boundaries, configuration, and hill and river systems. 280Geology 280Botany 280Fauna 281Climate and temperature. :181Rainfall • 281History • 281The people 282Castes and occupations 282Christian missions . 283General agricultural conditions. 283 ,Chief agricultural statistics and principal crops • 284Improvements in agricultural practice 284Cattle and horses 285Ir.rigation 285Forests . 285Minerals . i:z86Manufactures and trade I. I ~86Railways and roads .• ·286Famine . '286 •District subdivisions and staff 287Civil and criminal justice. 287Land revenue administration. ;,288Local and municipal .a88Police and jails 289Education 289Hospitals and dispensaries 289Vaccination 289Bibliography . 289DBLHI TAHSiL. 289
SoNEPAT TAHSiL 290
BALLABGARH TAHSiL 290
BALLABGARH TOWN 290
DELHI CITY 291-3°0History 291Modern Delhi 295Arts and manufactures. 298Commerce and trade 299Education 300
FARioA-BAD 300INDARPAT 300
SONEPATTOWN 301
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PAGEKARNAL DISTRICT 301-319
Boundaries, configuration, 'and hill and river systems. 3elGeology and botany 302Fauna 302CliInate and temperature . 30%Rainfall . ' 303History and archaeology 303The people 304Castes and occupations -, '. 305Christian, missions • " 306General agricultural conditions. 306
, Chief agricultural statistics and principal crops' 306Improvements, in agricultural practice ' 307Cattle, horses, arid shee:p .;: 307Irrigation i 307Forests·:308Minerals. ':3°8Arts and manufactures '. 3~8Commerce and trade 308 "Railways and roads. ,309 .Famine • 309District subdivisions and staff 310Civil and criminal justice. 310Land revenue administration 310Local and municipal 3 IIPolice and jails '. 311Education 31 1Hospitals and dispensaries 3 I 2Vaccination 3 uBibliography '. ',3'%KARNAL TAHSiL : 312THANESAR TAHSiL 3]:iPiNIPAT_TAHsiL 313KAITHAL TAHSiL 3I 3GULA 314KUNJPURA 314KAITHAL TOWN 314KARNAL TOWN 315
llDWA '. 316PANipAT TOWN 316PEHOWA • 317PUNDRI . 318SHAHABAD 318
, TIRAWARI (or Azamlbad.i-Taliwari) . " 318ba
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PAckTHANESAR TOWN 318
AMBALA DISTRICT • 319-338Boundaries, configuration, and hill a.nd river systems. 319Geology 320Botany • 320Fauna 321Climate and temperature. 321Rainfall • 321History and archaeology 32 IThe people . 323Castes and occupations 324Christian missions • 324General agricultural conditions. 324Chief agricultural statistics and principal crops . 325Improvements in agricultural practice' 325Cattle, horses, and sheep • 326Irrigation 326Forests • 327Minerals. 327 JArts and manufactures 327Commerce and trade 327Railways and roads. 328Famine • 328District subdivisions and statl' 329Civil and criminal justice. 329Larid revenue administration 329Loc.al and municipal 330Police and jails 330Education 330Hospitals and dispensaries 331Vaccination . 331Bibliography . 33iAMBALA TAHSiL 331RUPAR SUBDIVISION 331RUl'AR TAHsiL 331KHARAR 332NARAINGARH • 332JAGADHRI TAHSiL 332MANAULJ 333AMBALA CITY. .333BURIYA • 334JAGADURI TOWN 335KALKA • 335KASAVLl • 335
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PAGR
RUPAR TOWN 336SADHAURA 3373u~~ 337
SIMLA DISTRICT 338-350Boundaries, configuration, and hill and river systems. 338Geology . 339Botany • 339Fauna 340Climate and temperature . 340Rainfall • 340History . 340The people 34 ICastes and occupations 34 IChristian missions . 342General agricultural conditions 342Chief agricultural statistics and principal crops 342Improvements in agricultural practice 342Cattle, ponies, and sheep. 343Irrigation 343Forests . 343 IMinerals. 343Arts and manufactures 343Commerce and trade 343Railways and roads . 343Famine . 344District subdivisions and staff 344Civil and criminal justice. 344.Land revenue administration 344LO':al and municipal 344-Police and jails 345Education 345Hospitals and dispensaries 345Vaccination 345Bibliography . 345SUILA-eum-BHARAULI 345KOT KHAL-CUm-KoTGARH 346DAGSHAl • 346
JUTOOH • 346KASUMPTI 346SABATHU .)46SIMLA TOWN 347SoLON 350
]ULLUNDUR DIVISION 35r-455KXi'GRA DiSYi< i\. L • 352- J9:l
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Boundaries, configuration, and hill and river systems.G"'o!ogyBotanyFaunaClimate and temperature .Rainfall .The earthquake of 1905History •ArchaeologyTne peopleCastes and occupationsChristian missionsGeneral agricultural conditions .Chief agricultural statistics and principal cropsImprovements in agricultural prac'ti.ceCattle, ponies, and sheep .Irrigation •ForestsMinerals.Arts and manufacturesCommerce and tradeRoadsFamineDistrict subdivisions and staffCivil and criminal justice.Land revenue administrationLocal and municipalPolice and jailsEducationHospitals and dispensariesVaccinationBibliographyKANGRA TAHSiLPALAMPUR TAHsiL •
RULU SUBDIVISION.LAHUL •SprTIKULU TAHSil,.
SARA] TAHSiL.HAMiRPuR TAHSiLDER~ GOPIPURNURPUR TAHSILLAMBACRAON .NXDAUN ESTATE
PAnE
35235335435435535S35535535936036036236236336436436536~36$366366 .366367.36736736837037°37°31°37()371371371371371374378380381381381382382
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P.~GEGaLER 382BAIJNATH 383BANGAHAL 383BARALAcHA 383CHARI 384DANltHAR 384DBAOLADRAR 384DBARNSALA • 384HARiPUR 386JAWALAMultHl 387KANGRATOWN 388KANHIARA 389KVELANG389NADAUNTOWN 390NAGAR. 390NIRMAND 390NURPUR TOWN 390PATHYAR 391RORTANG 391SUJANPURTIRA 309~SULTANPUR 39i
HOSHIARPtJRDISt'RICT 392-4°9Boundaries, confrguration, and hill and river systems. 3902Geology 393Botany . 394Fauna 394Climate and temperature • 394
• 394History .394The people 396Castes and occupations 397Christian missions • 398General agricultural conditions. 398Chief agricultural statistics and principal crops . 398Improvements in agricultural practice 399Cattle, horses, goats, &c. • 399Irrigation 400Forests • 400Minerals • 400Arts and manufactures 400Commerce and trade 401Roads :401Famine . '4°1District subdivisions and staff • 401
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PAGECivil and criminal justice. 402Land revenue administration 402Local and municipal 403Police and jails 403Education 403Hospitals and dispensaries 403Vaccination 404Bibliography . 404HOSHIARPURTAHSiL 404DASUYATAHSiL 404UNATAHML . 404GARHSHANKARTAHSiL 405ANANDPUR 405BAJwARA 405BHARWAIN 406DAsUvA.TowN 406GA.RHDlWALA. 406GARHS~NltAR TOWN 406 iHARIANA 407HOSHIARPURTOWN 407]AlJON 407MALOT . 407MIANI 408MUltERlAN 408SOLASINGHI(or Chintpumi) 408rANDA-URMAR 409UNA TOWN 409
]ULLUNDURDISTRICT 4°9-424Boundaries, configuration, and hill and river systems . 409Geology and botany. 410Fauna 410Climate and temperature . 410Rainfall • 410History and archaeology 41 IThe people 413Castes and occupations 413Christian missions . 414General agricultural conditions. 414Agricultural statistics and principal crops 4 ISImprovements in agricultural practice 415Cattle, horseS, &c. 416Irrigation. 416Fores~ 416Minerals. 416
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rAGK
Arts and manufactures 416Commerce and trade 417Railways and roads . 417:Famine . 417District subdivisions and staff 417Civil and criminal justice. "p 8Land revenue administration 4 I8Local and municipal 4 J 8Police and jails 4 J 9Education 4 I9Hospitals and dispensaries 419Vaccination 419Bibliography . 419]ULLUNDUR TAHSiL 420NAWASHAHR TAHSiL 420PHILLAUR TAHSiL 420NAKODAR TAHSiL 420AUWALPUR 421BANGA 421JANDIALA 421]ULLUX"DUR TOWN 421KARTARPUR 422NAKODAR TOWN 422
NAWASHAHR TOWN. 423
NURMAHAL 423PHILLAUR TOWN 423
RAHON 424l"UDHIANA DISTRICT 424-437
Boundaries, configuration, allo hill arad liver systems. 4J4-Geology and botany 425Fauna 425Climate and temperature . 425Rainfall . 425History and archaeology 425The people 427Castes and occupations 428Christian missions 428General agricultural conditions. 428Chief agricultural statistics and principal crops 429Improvements in agricultural practice 429Cattle, horses, sheep, &c. . 429Irrigation 43~Forests and minerals 430Arts and manufactures 430
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Commerce and trade . 43 IRailways and roads . . 431Famine . 431District subdivisions and staff 43 ICivil and criminal justice. . 43 ILand revenue administration 431Local and municipal 432Police and jails . • 432Education . 433Hospitals and dispensaries 433Vaccination 433Bibliography • 433LunHIANA TAHSiL 433SAMRALA. 434JAGRAON TAHSiL 434ALiwAL • 434BAHLoLPuR 435JAGRAON TOWN . 435KHANNA. 435LUDHIANA TOWN '. 435MicHHiwARA • •. i. 437 .'RAIlCOT • '. 437SUNET 437 •
"-EROZEPORE DISTRICT "43':-455Boundaries; configuration, and hill and river systems.: 437
. Geology and botany 438Fauna 438-clilJ'ate and tempenlture . 439Rainfall •. • 439
, liistory and archaeology . 439" The people 442
Castes and occupations 442, Christian missions . '.. :.443
General agricultural conditions . 443Chief agricultural statistics and principal crops. 443
. Improvements in agricultural practice 444Cattle, horses, and sheep . 444Irrigation 444Forests and minerals 445
'. Arts and manufactures 445Commerce and trade 445Railways and roads . 445Famine . 445District subdivisions and staff 446
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Civil and erimiIJal justice .Land revenue AdministrationLocal and municipalPolice and jailsEducation.Hospitals and diapensanesVaccinationBibliograpby •F'uORPOU TAHSiLZillA TAHsiL •
MOOA TAHSiL.Mult'rSAR TAHSiL
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