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Kimberley Fernandez
Kimberley Fernandez | Roll No- 15
THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA
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TABLE OF CONTENTSACKNOWLEDEGMENT 3
THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA 4
THE CONTINENT OF AFRICA 5
SUMMARY 6
ECONOMIC SUMMARY & TRADE IN 2010 8
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION 9
THE CAPITAL CITYNAIROBI 11
POPULATION 13
INDIANS IN KENYA 13
ETHNIC GROUPS 14
WILDLIFE 14
RELIGION 16
CLIMATE 17
HEALTH 18
EDUCATION 18
CULTURE 19
ENTERTAINMENT 22
INFRASTRUCTURE 24
POLITICS & ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS 26
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ECONOMY 28
CURRENCY, EXCHANGE RATE, AND INFLATION 30
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) 32
INDUSTRY IN KENYA
TOURISM 34
AGRICULTURE 36
FORESTRY AND FISHING 38
MINING AND MINERALS 38
INDUSTRY AND MANUFACTURING 39
ENERGY 40
OIL EXPLORATION 42
FINANCIAL SERVICES 43
LABOR 43
VISION 2030 44
FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS 45
KENYA EXPORTS 47
KENYA IMPORTS 47
REGIONAL ECONOMIC OVERVIEW 48
COMPARISON OF E.A MACRO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS 49
CRITICISM AND CHALLENGES 50
CONCLUSION 51
BIBLIOGRAPHY 52
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank my Professor Mr. DCosta
for giving me this project on the
REPUBLIC OF KENYA.
I would also like to thank my parents for very
helpful as this would not have been possible
without their support.
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The Republic of Kenya
Jamhuri ya Kenya
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THE CONTINENT OF AFRICA
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SUMMARY
Kenya officially known as the Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa that lies on
the equator. With the Indian Ocean to its south-east, it is bordered by Tanzania to the
south, Uganda to the west, South Sudan to the north-west, Ethiopia to the north and Somalia to
the north-east.
Kenya has a land area of 580,000 km2 and a population of nearly 41 million, representing 42
different people and cultures. The country is named after Mount Kenya, a significant landmark
and second among Africa's highest mountain peaks.
Following a referendum and adoption of a new constitution in August 2010, Kenya is now
divided into 47 counties that are semi-autonomous units of governance. These units are expected
to be fully implemented by August 2012 in time for the first general election under the new
constitution. The counties will be governed by elected governors and will operate independent of
the central government in Nairobi.
The country's geography is as diverse as its multi-ethnic population. It has a warm and humid
climate along its coastline on the Indian Ocean which changes to wildlife-
rich savannah grasslands moving inland towards the capital Nairobi. Nairobi has a cool climate
that gets colder approaching Mount Kenya, which has three permanently snow-capped peaks.
The warm and humid tropical climate re-appears further inland towards Lake Victoria, before
giving way to temperate forested and hilly areas in the western region. The North Eastern regions
along the border with Somalia and Ethiopia are arid and semi-arid areas with near-
desert landscapes. The country also has significant geothermal activity that puts a lot of
electricity in the national grid.
Kenya's capital city, Nairobi, is situated next to a national park. The country is famous for
its safaris and diverse world-famous wildlife reserves such as Tsavo National Park, the Maasai
Mara, Nakuru National Park, and Aberdares National Parkthat attract tourists from all over the
world.
Lake Victoria, the world's second largest fresh-water lake (after Lake Superior in the US and
Canada) and the world's largest tropical lake, is situated to the southwest and is shared with
Uganda and Tanzania.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Sudanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somaliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highest_mountain_peaks_of_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savannahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deserthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsavo_National_Park_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maasai_Marahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maasai_Marahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Nakuru_National_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberdares_National_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Victoriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Superiorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Superiorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Victoriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberdares_National_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Nakuru_National_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maasai_Marahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maasai_Marahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsavo_National_Park_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deserthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savannahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highest_mountain_peaks_of_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somaliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Sudanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania -
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As part ofEast Africa, Kenya has seen human habitation since the Lower Paleolithic period.
The Bantu expansion reached the area by the first millennium AD, and the borders of the modern
state comprise the crossroads of the Niger-Congo, Nilo-Saharan, and Asiatic linguistic areas of
Africa, making Kenya a truly multi-cultural state. European and Arab presence
in Mombasa dates to the Early Modern period, but European exploration of the interior began
only in the 19th century. The British Empire established the Protectorate in 1895, known from
1920 as the Kenya Colony. The independent Republic of Kenya was founded in December 1963.
The capital, Nairobi, is a regional commercial hub. The economy of Kenya is the largest
by GDP in East and Central Africa. Agriculture is a major employer and the country
traditionally exports tea and coffee, and more recently fresh flowers to Europe. The service
industry is a major economic driver, mostly the telecommunications sector, and contributes 62
percent ofGDP.
Kenya is a member of the East African Community.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Paleolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_expansionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger-Congohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilo-Saharanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mombasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_exploration_of_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_Colonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_Colonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_exploration_of_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mombasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilo-Saharanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger-Congohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_expansionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Paleolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Africa -
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Economic summary
GDP
$32.16 billion (2010) at Market Price. $ 66.03 billion
(Purchasing Power Parity, 2010)
There exists an informal economy that is never counted
as part of the official GDP figures.
Annual growth rate 5.8% (2005): 2006 = 6.1% : Estimate for 2007 = 7.2%
Per capita income Per Capita Income (PPP)= $1,600
Natural resources Wildlife, land (5% arable),Titanium, Coal
Agricultural producetea, coffee, sugarcane, horticultural
products, corn, wheat, rice, sisal, pineapples, pyrethrum,
dairy products, meat and meat products, hides, skins
Industrypetroleum products, grain and sugar milling, cement,
beer, soft drinks, textiles, vehicle assembly, paper and
light manufacturing, tourism
Trade in 2010
Exports $5.22 billion tea, coffee, horticultural products, petroleumproducts, cement, pyrethrum, soda ash, sisal, hides
and skins, fluorspar
Major markets
(2010)
Uganda 10.1%, Tanzania 9.8%, UK 8.8%, Netherlands 8.2%, US 5.8%,
Egypt 4.7%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 4.3% (2010)[68]
Imports $11.2 billion machinery and transportation equipment,petroleum products, motor vehicles, iron and steel,
resins and plastics
Major suppliers
China 13.6%, India 13.4%, UAE 9.7%, South Africa 8.4%, Saudi Arabia
6.8%, Japan 4.7% (2010)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arable_landhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarcanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maizehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrethrumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya#cite_note-cia.gov-67http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya#cite_note-cia.gov-67http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya#cite_note-cia.gov-67http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya#cite_note-cia.gov-67http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrethrumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maizehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarcanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arable_land -
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GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
The Geography of Kenya gives one a complete idea about the location of the country and its
physical features. At 580,367 km2 (224,081 sq mi), Kenya is the world's forty-seventh largest
country. It lies between latitudes 5N and 5S, and longitudes 34 and 42E. Kenya is located on
the eastern part of the African continent. The country is bordered by Sudan and Ethiopia in the
north and Uganda to the west. Somalia lies to the east of the country while Indian Ocean borders
the country in the southeastern part. To the southwest of the country lies Tanzania while to the
west lies Lake Victoria and Uganda.
The Kenyan coast is a low-lying area, which is extremely fertile. It has a coral reef and is
supported by a dry coastal plain that is covered by thorny
bushes and savanna. In general one can say, that thecountry stretches from the sea level in the east to the snow
capped mountain in the north. The terrain of the country
gradually changes from the low-lying coastal plains to the
Kenyan highlands. The highest point of the country lies in
Mount Kenya, which is 5,199 meters high. Apart from this,
the other mountain ranges that one can find over here
include Mount Elgon and Mount Kilimanjaro.
The biggest feature of Kenya is the Great Rift Valley
located in the central and western part of the country. The
valley basically dissects the Kenyan highlands into east
and west. The highlands have a cool climate and are known for their fertile soil. It is one of the
major agricultural regions of the country. In general, the regions of the country are mostly arid
and of semi desert nature. One can find a large number of swamps in the Loraine Plain, situated
in the northeastern part of the country. One can find a large number of lakes and rivers in this
country, which forms a major part of the geography of Kenya. On the northern part of the
country one can find Lake Turkana. On the western part of the country one can find Lake
Victoria. Other major lakes of the country include Lake Naivasha and Lake Nakuru. There are a
large number of rivers also in Kenya. The rivers Tana and Athi flows in the southeastern part of
the country while Nzoia, Yala and Gori, flows across the country before draining into Lake
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Victoria. Another major river of the county is the Ewaso Ngiro, found in the northeastern part of
the country.
Apart from these, the geography of Kenya also includes its numerous forests also. To the east
one can find a large number of rainforests. Some of the major forest areas of the country includethe Kakamega Forest and the Mau Forest.
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THE CAPITAL CITY - NAIROBI
Nairobi is the capital and largest city ofKenya. The city and its surrounding area also form
the Nairobi County. The name "Nairobi" comes from the Maasai phraseEnkare Nyirobi, which
translates to "the place of cool waters". However, it is popularly known as the "Green City in the
Sun" and is surrounded by several expanding villa suburbs. Founded in 1899 as a simple rail
depot on the railway linking Mombasa to Uganda, the town quickly grew to become the capital
ofBritish East Africa in 1907 and eventually the capital of a free Kenyan republic in 1963.
During Kenya's colonial period, the city became a centre for the colony's coffee, tea
and sisal industry. Nairobi is also the capital of the Nairobi Province and of the Nairobi District.
Nairobi is the most populous city in East Africa, with a current estimated population of about 3
million. Nairobi is currently the 12th largest city in Africa, including the population of its
suburbs.
The City of Nairobi enjoys the status of a full administrative County/Region. The Nairobi
province differs in several ways from other Kenyan regions. The county is entirely urban. It has
only one local authority, Nairobi City Council. Nairobi Province was not divided into "districts"
until 2007, when three districts were created. In 2010, along with the new constitution, Nairobi
was renamed a County.
Nairobi is now one of the most prominent cities in Africa politically and financially. Home to
thousands of Kenyan businesses and over 100 major international companies and organizations,
including the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the main coordinating and
headquarters for the UN in Africa & Middle East, the United Nations Office in Nairobi (UNON),
Nairobi is an established hub for business and culture.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maasai_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mombasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_East_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi_City_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programmehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programmehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi_City_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_East_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mombasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maasai_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_city -
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The Nairobi Stock Exchange (NSE) is one of the largest in Africa and the second oldest
exchange on the continent. It is ranked 4th in terms of trading volume and capable of making 10
million trades a day. Nairobi is home to the Nairobi Stock Exchange (NSE), one of Africa's
largest. The NSE was officially recognized as an overseas stock exchange by the London Stock
Exchange in 1953. Nairobi is the regional headquarters of several international companies and
organizations.
In 2007, General Electric, Young & Rubicam, Google, Coca-Cola, Airtel and Cisco
Systems relocated their African headquarters to the city. The United Nations Office at
Nairobi hosts UNEP and UN-Habitat headquarters. Several foreign companies have factories
based in and around the city. These include Goodyear, General Motors, Toyota Motors,
and Coca Cola.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi_Stock_Exchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi_Stock_Exchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Stock_Exchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Stock_Exchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_%26_Rubicamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Nairobihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Nairobihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programmehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programmehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodyear_Tire_and_Rubber_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca_Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca_Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodyear_Tire_and_Rubber_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programmehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programmehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Nairobihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Nairobihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_%26_Rubicamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Stock_Exchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Stock_Exchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi_Stock_Exchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi_Stock_Exchange -
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POPULATION
Kenya has a young population, with 73% of residents aged below 30 years, due to rapid
population growth from 2.9 million to 40 million over the last century. In addition, Kenya's
capital, Nairobi, is home to Kibera, one of the world's largest slums. The shanty town is believed
to house between 170,000 and 1 million locals. The UNHCR base in Dadaab in the north also
currently houses around 500,000 people.
Major cities in Kenya include:
City Population
Nairobi 3 375 000
Mombasa 966 000
Nakuru 337 200
Kisumu 273 400
Meru 273 000
Nyeri 179 500
Machakos 140 900
Eldoret 100,000
INDIANS IN KENYA
There are currently over 100,000 Indians in Kenya, most living in the major urban areas of
Nairobi and Mombasa with others living in rural areas. Most are Hindus and with some Muslims
and Sikhs, often with their own businesses and places of worship. South Asians were originally
brought over to cut sugar cane or construct the railways. Indian temples and mosques can be
found all over the country. There are more than 20 Sikh Gurdwaras.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mombasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakuruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakuruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisumuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meru,_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyerihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machakoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldorethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldorethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machakoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyerihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meru,_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisumuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakuruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mombasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi -
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ETHNIC GROUPS
Kenya's rising urban population has a diverse ethnic background whose people are variedly
fluent in their mother tongues and the two official languages English and Swahili. Semi-urban
and rural populations are less multilingual with many in remote villages speaking only their
mother tongue.
Ethnic Groups Percentage
Kikuyu 22%
Luhya 14%
Luo 13%
Kalenjin 12%
Kamba 11%
Kisii 6%
Meru 6%
Other African 15%
Non-African (Asian, European and Arab) 1%
WILDLIFE
Kenya has considerable land area devoted to wildlife habitats, including the Masai Mara,
where Blue Wildebeest and other bovid participate in a large scale annual migration. Up to
Kikuyu woman in traditionalattire
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250,000 blue wildebeest perish each year in
the long and arduous movement to find forage
in the dry season. The "Big Five" animals of
Africa can be found in Kenya and in the
Masai Mara in particular: thelion, leopard,
buffalo, rhinoceros andelephant.
A significant population of other wild
animals, reptiles and birds can be found in
the national parks and game reserves in the
country. The annual animal migration
especially migration of the wildebeest
occurs between June and September with millions of animals taking part.
Kenya is the setting for one of the Natural Wonders of the World the
great wildebeest migration. 11.5 million of these ungulates migrate a distance of 1,800 miles
from the Serengeti in neighboring Tanzania to the Masai Mara in Kenya, in a constant clockwise
fashion, searching for food and water supplies.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Five_Gamehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinoceroshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Kenyahttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildebeesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildebeesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serengetihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masai_Marahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masai_Marahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serengetihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildebeesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildebeesthttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinoceroshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Five_Game -
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RELIGION
The vast majority of Kenyans are Christian (83%), with 47.7% regarding themselves
as Protestant and 23.5% as Roman Catholic. Sizeable minorities of other faiths do exist
(Muslim 11.2%, indigenous beliefs 1.7%). Sixty percent of the Muslim population lives in Coast
Province, comprising 50 percent of the total population there. Western areas of Coast Province
are mostly Christian. The upper part of Eastern Province is home to 10 percent of the country's
Muslims, where they constitute the majority religious group. In addition, there is a large Hindu
population in Kenya (around 50,000), who have played a key role in the local economy. There is
also a small group of Baha'is.
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CLIMATE
As Kenya has a diverse geography, its climate and
weather conditions are also varied. The climate in
Kenya is greatly influenced by its location close to
the equator and its varied terrain. Kenya basically
enjoys a tropical climate. The coastal side of the
country has a hot and humid climate. Rainfall is
high in the coastal regions of the country. Most of
the rains occur between April and July. Rainfall is
more on the eastern coast of the country. The
climate is also humid in the Lake Victoria basin.
This is primarily because of the moist westerly
winds that rises form the Atlantic Ocean and the Congo Basin.
Generally speaking, the country has a dry climate. Apart from the coastal areas, the central of the
country experiences a cool and humid climate while the northern and eastern part of the country
enjoys a hot and dry climate. Because of this reason, the regions in this area are of semi-desert
and arid character.
Kenya receives a lot of sunshine all around the year. Summers are extremely hot over here andone is expected to wear light summer clothes. During the daytime the weather is hot, while the
nights are cooler and comfortable. The early hours of the morning are also cool and pleasant.
February and March are the hottest months of the country while July and August are the cooler
months. The long rainy season occurs from April to July, while the shorter one occurs from
October to December.
The temperature in the coastal town of Mombasa ranges from a maximum of 30.30 Celsius to a
minimum of 22.40 Celsius. Nairobi, the capital of the country has a temperature of 25.20 Celsiusmaximum and 13.60 Celsius minimum, while Eldoret has a maximum temperature of 23.60
Celsius and a minimum temperature of 9.50 Celsius. The period ranging from June to September
represent the migration period of the wildlife found in the country. It is one of the most
spectacular events of the country. The climate in Kenya is varied and has a profound influence
on the life and the settlement patterns of the people of the country.
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HEALTH
Despite major achievements in the health sector, Kenya still faces many challenges. Too many
women and children still die at birth or within the first year of life. More die before their 5th
birthday. Preventable diseases such as malaria, HIV/AIDS, pneumonia, diarrhea and malnutrition
are the major child killers and responsible for much morbidity.
Weak policies, inadequate health workers, weak management and poor leadership in most public
health facilities are largely to blame. The total fertility rate in Kenya is estimated to be 4.49
children per woman in 2012. Life expectancy is estimated at between 47 and 55 years. There are
a large number of HIV-positive people in Kenya. Maternal mortality is high, partly because
of female genital mutilation. This practice is however on the decline as the country becomes
more modernised and the practice was also banned in the country in 2011.
EDUCATION
The country's literacy level stands at 85% of the whole population. Kenya's education system
consists of early childhood education, primary, secondary and college. At the end of primary
education, pupils sit the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE), which determines
those who proceed to secondary school or vocational training. For those who proceed to
secondary level, there is a national examination at the end of Form Fourthe Kenya Certificate
of Secondary Education (KCSE), which determines those proceeding to the universities, other
professional training or employment. The Joint Admission Board (JAB) is responsible for
selecting students joining the public universities. Other than the public schools, there are many
private schools in the country, mainly in urban areas. Similarly, there are a number
of international schools catering for various overseas educational systems.In January 2003, theGovernment of Kenya announced the introduction of free primary education. As a result,
primary school enrollment increased by about 70%. Secondary and tertiary education enrollment
has not increased proportionally because payment is still required for attendance. Private
schooling also exists in Kenya. In 2007 the government issued a statement declaring that from
2008, secondary education would be heavily subsidized, with the government footing all tuition
fees.
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CULTURE
Culture in Kenya is a mix of diverse cultures and traditions. Owing to its colonial history, the
culture of the country has a strong European and Arabian influence. However, inspite of such
strong foreign influence, Kenya culture is extremely unique and has an identity of its own.
Culture of Kenya is amply reflected through its
people, their customs, traditions, society, art, dance
and music. The main culture of the country is the
Swahili Culture and the Maasai culture. TheSwahili Culture is the oldest culture of the country.
The Bantu language speakers, who settled on the
coastal part of the country, were responsible for
creating and spreading this culture. The Maasai
culture, which is the most well known culture of
the country, was spread by the Maasai, a semi-
nomadic tribe known for their clothes, jewellery
and distinct custom. Apart from this, there are a
large number of other tribes like the Kikuyu,
Kamba, Gusii, Luhya, and Luo, who have their own distinct culture, which adds to the unique
culture of the country and its people.
Culture of Kenya is a mix of both modern and traditional cultures. Where on one hand the
different tribes of the country have maintained their unique style of clothing, music and dance,
on the other hand they have also adopted the cultural patterns of modern society. Nairobi, the
capital of the country, is the seat of the country's culture.
MAASAI WOMEN
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The clothing is unique. It is extremely colorful and are heavily embroidered. The clothes are
usually red and black in color to show their love for mother Earth. The people also love to wear
heavy jewelry. Jewelry is made from colorful beads and
other articled and consists of headgears, necklaces, nose
rings, earrings, armlets, anklets and others.
Kenya has a diverse assortment of popular music forms, in
addition to multiple types offolk music based on the variety
over 40 regional languages. Infact, it is home to different
varieties of music, which include afro-fusion music, Benga
music, Kenyan hip-hop and different types of folk music and tribal music. Guitars and drums are
the popular instruments used in Kenyan music.
The country has also made valuable contributions
in the field of film and theatre. A large number of
film festivals and theatre festivals are held in this
country. Kenyan people are sports lovers.
Football, rugby, cricket and boxing are the most
popular sports played in the country. Road
running and athletics are also popular. But the
country is known chiefly for its dominance in
Middle-distance and long-distance athletics.
Kenya has consistently produced Olympic and Commonwealth Games champions in various
distance events, especially in 800 m, 1,500 m, 3,000 m steeplechase, 5,000 m, 10,000 m and the
marathon.
Kenya won several medals during the Beijing Olympics, five gold, five silver and four bronze,
making it Africa's most successful nation in the 2008 Olympics. Kenya has been a dominant
force in women's volleyball within Africa, with both the clubs and the national team winning
various continental championships in the past decade. Cricket is another popular and the most
successful team sport. Kenya has competed in the Cricket World Cup since 1996.
They participated in the ICC Cricket World Cup 2011. Kenya was a regional power in soccer but
its dominance has been eroded by wrangles within the Kenya Football Federation. This has led to
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a suspension by FIFA which was lifted in March, 2007. In the motor rallying arena, Kenya is
home to the world famous Safari Rally, commonly acknowledged as one of the toughest rallies
in the world. Culture of Kenya is a conglomeration of diverse cultures belonging to the different
tribal groups and the people of the country.
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ENTERTAINMENT
Kenya entertainment includes several activities that can make the stay at the place memorable.
Kenya is a country that offers numerous attractions to the tourists. There are innumerable choices
to be made regarding the various sources of entertainment in Kenya. Nightlife in Kenya is alsohighly active with various nightlife entertainment facilities for the tourists.
Kenya Entertainment in not only restricted to the capital city of the country, but is also spread to
the various other regions in Kenya. There are many nightclubs, discos, bars and pubs in Nairobi
as well as in Mombasa, which provide complete entertainment to both the local people and the
tourists. The disc jockeys churn out lively and catchy music for the visitors.
The nightclubs and hotels of Kenya generally organize live music bands during evening and
night. Many people gather in these places to get a flavor of live band music. The clubs and hotels
are busier during the weekends. Many concerts are also held in Kenya, especially during the
festive season in the country. There are also tribal and traditional dances and songs that are
hosted and organized in various halls of the country.
Apart from the various nightclubs and casinos, there are also other entertainment sources in
Kenya. These include various media sources like radio, television, films and newspapers.
Numerous television channels broadcast myriad programs that cater to various types of people in
the country. Some of the popular channels are as follows:
Nation TV Kenya Television Network Stella TV Kenya Broadcasting Corporation Metro TV Family TV Citizen TV
Radio in Kenya is also an important source that provides entertainment to the people. The Kenya
Broadcasting Corporation provides various radio networks at the regional, national and local
level. KBC English Radio Service and KBC Kiswahili Radio Service are the two radio stations
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that operate under the National Radio Network in Kenya. The FM channels that are broadcasted
on Kenya radio include:
Kiss FM Kenya Capital FM Kameme FM
Newspapers are a source of entertainment as well as information in the country. The Kenyan
newspapers cover topics related to politics, sports, regional news, entertainment and many more.
Some of the renowned newspapers that are published and circulated in Kenya are as follows:
Kenya Times Standard Kenya East African Standard Kenya Daily Nation Kenya
Last but not the least is Kenya films. Films are a major source of entertainment in the country.
Many internationally renowned films have been made in Kenya. The settings of the films in the
natural African landscapes have enhanced the beauty of the films to a great deal.
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INFRASTRUCTURE
Kenya has an extensive road network of approximately 95,000 miles connecting most parts of
the country. According to the U.S. Department of State Country Commercial Guide 2000 ,
however, the current state of most roads is deplorable. Of the total 63,800 kilometers of highway,for example, only 8,868 kilometers are paved (1996 est.). In collaboration with various donors,
the Kenyan government recently launched the ambitious 'Roads 2000' project, designed to create
links between all major and minor roads, in addition to rehabilitating 20,000 kilometers of roads
in 6 urban centers. The project, which will span approximately 3 years, is expected to cost
US$245 million. The road network accounts for over 80 percent of Kenya's total passenger and
freight transport.
The state-owned Kenya Railways Corporation (KR) manages Kenya's single-track railwaysystem, which runs from Mombasa through Nairobi to the Ugandan border. As a result of heavy
operational losses, there has been a steady deterioration in the KR's services. The World Bank
and the British Overseas Development Administration are currently funding a railway
rehabilitation project to make KR commercially viable, while the government has made plans to
open up the railways to private-sector participation by limiting the KR's role to owning and
regulating lines. Accordingly, the KR would lease locomotives to private-sector operators.
Kenya's port of Mombasa, which has an annual average freight throughput of about 8.1 million
tons, is the country's main seaport and serves most East and Central African nations. The deep-
water port, boasting 21 berths, offers specialized
facilities, including cold storage, warehousing, and
container terminal.
The international and domestic air
transport infrastructure is relatively well-developed in
Kenya. There are 3 international airports; the largest is
Nairobi's Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, which
serves more than 30 airlines providing scheduled
services to cities around the world. In total, Kenya has
230 airports, including 21 that are paved. Wilson
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airport in Nairobi, the busiest airport in Africa, handles light aircraft and general aviation.
In 1999, the Communications Commission of Kenya was established to regulate
telecommunications and radio communications in the country. In the same year, the state-owned
Kenya Posts and Telecommunications Corporation was split into 2 separate parastatalsTelkomKenya, a telecommunication corporation, and Postal Corporation of Kenya, a postal services
corporation. Kencell, a joint venturebetween Vivendi France and Sameer of Kenya, won the
second cellular license bid in 1999 to provide cellular services in competition with the Telkom
subsidiary, Safaricom. The government plans to sell up to 49 percent of Telkom Kenya through
the Nairobi Stock Exchange. As of 1998, there were 290,000 main telephone lines in use, or
approximately 9.9 telephone lines per 1,000 people. The United States, in comparison, boasted
640 phone lines per 1,000 people in 1996.
Kenya's electricity services are mostly provided by the state-owned Kenya Power and Lighting
Company (KPLC), though an Electricity Regulation Board was appointed in 1998 to manage the
opening up of the power sector to independent private producers. Since 82.74 percent of the
power supply comes from hydroelectricity, power outages and blackouts have become
increasingly common as a result of chronic drought. In 1999-2000, Kenya experienced its worst
drought in 40 years, a development that forced the KPLC to introduce an emergency rationing
program in July 2000 under which electricity supplies have been cut off for 12 hours a day.
Further adding to the problem, hydro equipment tends to be outdated and poorly maintained.
Consequently, the government is eager to further develop both thermal and geothermal sources
of power. Two international companies were licensed at the beginning of 1997 to respectively
produce 43 MW of power from a thermal plant in Mombasa and 45.5 MW from a diesel plant in
Nairobi. In 1998, total electricity production in Kenya equaled 4.23 billion kWh. Only 8 percent
of the Kenyan population is connected to the national grid.
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POLITICS
Kenya is a presidential representative democratic republic,
whereby the President is both the head of state and head of
government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is
exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both
the government and the National Assembly. The Judiciary is
independent of the executive and the legislature.
Kenya has maintained remarkable stability despite changes in its political system and crises in
neighboring countries. In December 2002, Kenyans held democratic and open elections, most of
which were judged free and fair by international observers. The 2002 elections marked an
important turning point in Kenya's democratic evolution in that power was transferred peacefully
from the Kenya African Union (KANU), which had ruled the country since independence to
the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC), a coalition of political parties.
Under the presidency ofMwai Kibaki, the new ruling coalition promised to focus its efforts on
generating economic growth, combating corruption, improving education, and rewriting its
constitution. A few of these promises have been met
ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS
The provinces are:
1. Central2. Coast3. Eastern4. Nairobi5. North Eastern6. Nyanza7. Rift Valley8. Western
Kenya is divided into 47 semi-autonomous
counties that will be headed by governors who will be elected in the first general election under
President Mwai Kibaki
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the new constitution in August 2012 .Under the old constitution, Kenya comprised
eight provinces each headed by a Provincial Commissioner (centrally appointed by the
president). The provinces were subdivided into districts . There were 69 districts as of 1999
census. Districts are then subdivided into 497 divisions . The divisions are then subdivided into
2,427 locations and then 6,612 sub locations. The City of Nairobi enjoys the status of a full
administrative province. The government supervises administration of districts and provinces.
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ECONOMY
Despite western donors' early disappointment with the government, the economy has seen much
expansion, seen by strong performance in tourism, higher education and telecommunications,
and acceptable post-drought results in agriculture, especially the vital tea sector. Kenya'seconomy grew by more than 7% in 2007 and its foreign debt was greatly reduced. But this
changed immediately after the disputed presidential election of December 2007, following the
chaos which engulfed the country.
East and central Africa's biggest economy has posted tremendous growth in the service sector,
boosted by rapid expansion in telecommunication and financial activity over the last decade, and
now contributes 62 percent ofGDP. Unfortunately, a massive 22 percent of GDP still comes
from the unreliable agricultural sector which employs 75 percent of the labor force (a consistent
characteristic of under-developed economies that have not attained food security - an important
catalyst of economic growth) and a significant portion of the population regularly starves and is
heavily dependent on food aid. Industry and manufacturing is the smallest sector that accounts
for 16 percent of the GDP.
Kenya has traditionally been a liberal market with minimal government involvement (price
control) seen in the oil industry. However, recent legislation allows the government to determine
and gazette price-controls on essential commodities like maize flour, kerosene and cooking oil.
Privatization of state corporations like the defunct Kenya Post and Telecommunications
Company, which resulted in East Africa's most profitable companySafaricom, has led to their
revival due to massive private investment.
As of May 2010, economic prospects are positive with 45% GDP growth expected, largely
because of expansions in tourism, telecommunications, transport, construction and a recovery in
agriculture. The World Bankpredicts growth of 4% in 2010 and a potential of 4.9% growth in
2011.
In March 1996, the Presidents of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda re-established the East African
Community (EAC). The EAC's objectives include harmonizing tariffs and customs regimes, free
movement of people, and improving regional infrastructures. In March 2004, the three East
African countries signed a Customs Union Agreement.
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The more efficient and lucrative technology-knowledge-and-skill-based service; industry and
manufacturing sectors only employ 25 percent of the labor force but contributes the remaining 75
percent of the GDP.
Kenya ranks poorly on Transparency International's corruption perception index. Kenya is Eastand Central Africa's hub for financial services. The Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) is ranked
4th in Africa in terms of Market capitalization. The Kenya banking system is supervised by the
Central Bank of Kenya (CBK). As of late July 2004, the system consisted of 43 commercial
banks (down from 48 in 2001), several non-bank financial institutions, including mortgage
companies, four savings and loan associations, and several score foreign-exchange bureaus.
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CURRENCY, EXCHANGE RATE, AND INFLATION
The Kenyan shilling replaced the East African shilling in 1966 at par.
COINS
The first coins were issued in 1966 in denominations of 5, 10, 25 and 50 cents, and 1 and 2
shillings. Twenty-five cents coins were not minted after 1969; 2 shillings coins were last minted
in 1971. In 1985, 5 shillings coins were introduced, followed by 10 shillings in 1994 and 20
shillings in 1998.
Between 1967 and 1978, the portrait of Jomo Kenyatta, the first president of Kenya, originally
appeared on the obverse of all of independent Kenya's coins. In 1980, a portrait of Daniel arap
Moi replaced Kenyatta until 2005, when the central bank introduced a new coin series that
restored the portrait of Kenyatta. The coins are 50 cents and 1 shilling in stainless steel and bi-
metallic coins of 5, 10 and 20 shillings. A bi-metallic 40 shilling coin with the portrait of
President Kibaki was issued in 2003 to commemorate the fortieth anniversary of independence
(19632003). New coins with the image of Kenyatta were issued in 2005.
BANKNOTES
In 1966, the Central Bank of Kenya issued notes in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100
shillings. 5 shillings notes were replaced by coins in 1985, with the same happening to 10 and 20
shillings in 1994 and 1998. In 1986, 200 shillings notes were introduced, followed by 500
shillings in 1988 and 1000 shillings in 1994.
As with the coins Mzee Jomo Kenyatta appeared on the banknotes issued until 1978, with Daniel
Arap Moi's portrait replacing him in 1980. In 2003, after Mwai Kibaki replaced Moi as
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president, 5, 10, and 20 shilling notes from the 1978 series with Kenyatta's picture that had been
in storage were issued, and circulated for a time. A new series of notes was then introduced on
which Kenyatta reappeared with denominations of 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 shilling. The issue
of 12 December 2003 commemorates the "40 years of Independence 1963-2003". The banknotes
are printed in Nairobi by De La Rue.
EXCHANGE RATE
The exchange rate of Kenya shilling slumped dramatically in mid-2011, from about 83 shillings
per US dollar to about 100 shillings per US dollar at late 2011. The Central Bank of Kenya
shifted its target to tighten liquidity, including increasing interest rate and money market
operations. But expected inflows due to tea export drove up the exchange rate to about 84
shillings per US dollar on 31 January 2012.
INFLATION
The inflation rate in Kenya was last reported at 18.9 percent in December of 2011.
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GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP)
Kenyas economic performance since independence
In 2006 Kenyas GDP was about US$17.39 billion. Per capita GDP averages somewhat more
than US$450 annually. Adjusted in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms, per capita GDP in
2006 was about US$1,200. The countrys real GDP growth picked up to 2.3 percent in early
2004 and to nearly 6 percent in 2005 and 2006, compared with a sluggish 1.4 percent in 2003
and throughout President Daniel Arap Mois last term (19972002). Real GDP is expected to
continue to improve, largely because of expansions in tourism, telecommunications, transport,
and construction and a recovery in agriculture. The Kenya Central Bank forecast for 2007 is
between 5 and 6 percent GDP growth. GDP composition by sector, according to 2004 estimates,
was as follows: agriculture, 25.7 percent; manufacturing, 14.0 percent; trade, restaurants, and
hotels, 13.8 percent; transport and communications, 6.9 percent; government services, 15.6
percent; and other, 24.0 percent.
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Kenya's 2010 Economic Performance and Outlook for 2011: In 2010, Kenya has seen the
return of higher growth projected at 4.9 percent, and may now be at a tipping point for robust
growth. Five factors are creating a positive momentum: the new constitution, EAC integration,
ICT innovations, strong macroeconomic management, and recent investments in infrastructure.
Services, the driver of previous years' growth, have moderated while agriculture and industry are
rebounding after two weak years. ICT has been the main driver of Kenya's economic growth
over the last decade, growing on average by 20 percent annually, and propelling the combined
transport and communications sector into the economy's second largest (after agriculture). Since
2000, Kenya's economy grew at an average of 3.7 percent. Without ICT, growth in 2010 would
have been a lackluster 2.8 percentsimilar to the population growth rateand income per capita
would have stagnated. Over the last three decades Kenya has experienced only two short
episodes when economic growth exceeded five percent and was sustained for at least three
consecutive years: 1986-88 and 2004-2007. Economic growth in 2011-12 could range between
5.3 and 6.0 percent if no shocks occur. Public sector investments in infrastructure will help to
stimulate this growth. However, the timely implementation of the constitutional reforms would
also be necessary to help boost business confidence.
CONTRIBUTION OF KEY SECTORS TO GDP GROWTH
SECTOR 2009/10 (%) 2010/11 (%) CHANGE (%)
Agriculture -22.1 24.5 46.6
Manufacturing 4.7 7.8 3.1
Construction 15.1 2.9 -12.2
Wholesale & retail trade 14.9 14.4 -0.5
Hotel & restaurants 15.9 1.0 -14.9
Transport &communications 28.9 13.0 -15.9
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INDUSTRY IN KENYA
TOURISM
Kenya's services sector, which contributes
about 63 percent of GDP, is dominated by
tourism. Kenya has over the years become a
major tourist destination of the world. The
country with its breath taking scenery,
amazing wildlife and diverse culture has been
attracting tourists from all across the world
every year. Kenya Tourism has acquired a lot
of importance over the past few years and the
government of the country has left no stone
unturned in attracting tourists tom this exotic
country. Tourism in Kenya is mainly centered around two major geographical areas of the
country, which include the beaches on the southern coast and the numerous national parks. The
country is home to a large number of natural reserves also. One can check out the elephants,
giraffes, rhinoceros's, leopards, cheetahs, lions and a variety of birds like falcons and others in
these natural reserves. Some of the major
wildlife sanctuaries that one can pay a visitinclude the Amboseli National Reserve,
Chyulu Hills National Park, Tsavo East
National Park and others. Bedsides these, one
can pay a visit to the beaches on the coast of
the Indian Ocean. One can pay a visit to the
Shela Beach in the city of Lamu.
Travelers coming here for a holiday can take alook at breathtaking view of its scenery and
picturesque landscapes. One can take a look at
the Laikipia Plateau in east Kenya or pay a visit to the Taita Hills in the southern part of the
country. When on a vacation to Kenya, one can pay a visit to the cities of Lamu, Nairobi,
Mombassa, Kisumu, Nakuru, Eldoret and others. The cities are known for their history and one
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can pay a visit to the numerous tourist attractions found over here, which includes the Times
Tower, Railway Museum, Blue Market, Watamu National marine Park and others.
Kenya tourism has had a favorable impact on the culture and tradition of the country. It has
helped in preserving the cultural traditions, customs, music and dance of the country. The peopleof the country have also become much more aware and knowledgeable. Tourism has inculcated
environmental awareness amongst them and has also widened their outlook.
Tourism is a major industry of Kenya. Tourism has made major contributions toward the
country's GDP, over the past few years and has thus contributed towards the economic
development of the country. Large number of international travelers come to this country and
embarks on adventure safaris, which helps in generating revenue for the country. Tourism has
also helped in providing employment to a large number of people in Kenya. The hotel industry
has also flourished because of this reason. A large number of hotels are regularly coming up over
here to provide accommodation to the tourists coming here for a holiday. Tourism generates
revenue of nearly $500million per year.
Kenya tourism is a rapidly growing industry and is all set to help in making valuable
contributions towards the development of the country.
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AGRICULTURE
The agricultural sector continues to dominate Kenyas economy, although only 15 percent of
Kenyas total land area has sufficient fertility and rainfall to be farmed, and only 7 or 8 percent
can be classified as first-class land. In 2006 almost 75 percent of working Kenyans made their
living on the land, compared with 80 percent in 1980. About one-half of total agricultural output
is non-marketed subsistence production. Agriculture is the second largest contributor to
Kenyas gross domestic product (GDP), after the service sector. In 2005 agriculture,
including forestry and fishing, accounted for about 24 percent of GDP, as well as for 18 percent
of wage employment and 50 percent of revenue from exports.
The principal cash crops are tea, horticultural produce, and coffee; horticultural produce and tea
are the main growth sectors and the two most valuable of all of Kenyas exports. In 20 05
horticulture accounted for 23 percent and tea for 22 percent of total export earnings. Coffee has
declined in importance with depressed world prices, accounting for just 5 percent of export
receipts in 2005.
Kenya is Africa's leading tea producer, and was fourth in the world, behind India, China, and Sri
Lanka. Black tea is Kenya's leading agricultural foreign exchange earner. Production in 1999
reached 220,000 tons. Tea exports were valued at $404.1 million in 2001, or nearly 18% of total
exports. The tea industry is divided between small farms and large estates. The small-scale
sector, with more than 260,000 farmers, is controlled by the parastatal Kenya Tea Development
Authority. The estates, consisting of 6075 private companies, operate on their own.
Coffee is Kenya's third leading foreign exchange earner, after tourism and tea. In 2001, coffee
earnings totaled $91.8 million. Production in 2001/02 amounted to 52,140 tons. Similar to the tea
sector, coffee is produced on many small farms and a few large estates. All coffee is marketed
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through the parastatal Coffee Board of Kenya. The suspension of the economic provisions of the
International Coffee Agreement in July 1989 disrupted markets temporarily, driving coffee
prices to historical lows.
Kenyan horticulture has become prominent in recent years, and is now the third leading
agricultural export, following tea and coffee. Fresh produce accounted for about 30% of
horticultural exports, and included green beans, onions, cabbages, snow peas, avocados,
mangoes, and passion fruit. Flowers exported include roses, carnations, statice, astromeria, and
lilies.
Kenya is the world's largest producer and exporter of pyrethrum, a flower that contains a
substance used in pesticides. The pyrethrum extract, known as pyrethrin, is derived from the
flower's petals.
The production of major food staples such as corn is subject to sharp weather-related
fluctuations. Production downturns periodically necessitate food aidfor example, in 2004 aid
for 1.8 million peoplebecause of one of Kenyas intermittent droughts. However, the expansion
of credit to the agricultural sector has enabled farmers to better deal with the large risk of
agriculture based on rainfall and the dramatic fluctuations of the prices of agricultural products.
Tea, coffee, sisal, pyrethrum, corn, and wheat are grown in the fertile highlands, one of the most
successful agricultural production regions in Africa. Livestockpredominates in the semi-arid
savanna to the north and east. Coconuts, pineapples, cashew nuts, cotton, sugarcane, sisal,
and corn are grown in the lower-lying areas.
Kenya's Agriculture Performance in 2010: The agriculture sector has been rebounding in 2010
and is expected to grow by 5 percent. This is an important development after two consecutive
years of decline, when the sector contracted by a combined 6.7 percent. Favorable weather
conditions and specific policy interventions under the government's economic stimulus program
helped turn the sector around.
The performance of Kenya's main agriculture exports in 2010 was strongest for tea which
recovered rapidly from 2009 weather conditions. A combination of volume and price increases
will see the sector perform even better than in 2008, which had previously been the best year for
the sector. Although coffee is benefitting from an increase in global prices, output contracted as
coffee production was slow to recover from the prolonged drought in early 2009. Horticulture
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exports contracted for the third consecutive year. The sector continued to be affected by a muted
recovery in Europe, especially the fruits and vegetables. In addition, the volcanic ash crisis in
April 2010 disrupted access to the key source markers in Europe
FORESTRY AND FISHING
Resource degradation has reduced output from forestry.
In 2004 round wood removals came to 22,162,000
cubic meters. Fisheries are of local importance
around Lake Victoria and have potential on Lake
Turkana. Kenyas total catch reported in 2004 was
128,000 metric tons. However, output from fishing has
been declining because of ecologicaldisruption. Pollution, overfishing, and the use of
unauthorized fishing equipment have led to falling
catches and have endangered local fish species.
MINING AND MINERALS
Kenya has no significant mineral endowment. The
mining and quarrying sector makes a negligible
contribution to the economy, accounting for less
than 1 percent of gross domestic product, the
majority contributed by the soda ash operation
at Lake Magadi in south-central Kenya. Thanks
largely to rising soda ash output, Kenyas mineral
production in 2005 reached more than 1 million
tons. One of Kenyas largest foreign-investment
projects in recent years is the planned expansion of
Magadi Soda. Apart from soda ash, the chief minerals produced are limestone, gold, salt,
and fluorspar.
All minerals not extracted are government property, according to the Mining Act.
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INDUSTRY AND MANUFACTURING
Although Kenya is the most industrially developed
country in East Africa, manufacturing still accounts
for only 14 percent of gross domestic product (GDP).Industrial activity, concentrated around the three
largest urban centers, Nairobi, Mombasa, and Kisumu,
is dominated by food-processing industries such as
grain milling, beer production, and sugarcane
crushing, and the fabrication of consumer goods, e.g., vehicles from kits. Kenya is Africa's
leading tea producer, and was fourth in the world, behind India, China, and Sri Lanka. Black tea
is Kenya's leading agricultural foreign exchange earner. Tea exports were valued at $404.1
million in 2001, or nearly 18% of total exports.
The tea industry is divided between small farms
and large estates. The small-scale sector, with
more than 260,000 farmers, is controlled by the
parastatal Kenya Tea Development Authority.
The estates, consisting of 6075 private
companies, operate on their own.
There is a vibrant and fast growing cement
production industry.Kenya has an oil refinery that
processes imported crude petroleum into petroleum products, mainly for the domestic market.
In addition, a substantial and expanding informal sector commonly referred to as Jua
Kali engages in small-scale manufacturing of household goods, motor-vehicle parts, and farm
implements. Kenya's inclusion among the beneficiaries of the U.S. Government's African
Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) has given a boost to manufacturing in recent years. Since
AGOA took effect in 2000, Kenya's clothing sales to the United States increased from
US$44 million to US$270 million. Other initiatives to strengthen manufacturing have been the
new government's favorable tax measures, including the removal of duty on capital equipment
and other raw materials.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mombasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisumuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_refineryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informal_sectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jua_Kali&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jua_Kali&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGOAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGOAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jua_Kali&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jua_Kali&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informal_sectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_refineryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisumuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mombasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing -
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ENERGY
The largest share of Kenya's electricity supply comes from
hydroelectric stations at dams along the upper Tana River,
as well as the Turkwel Gorge Dam in the west. Apetroleum-fired plant on the coast, geothermal
facilities at Olkaria (near Nairobi), and electricity
imported from Uganda make up the rest of the supply.
Kenya's installed capacity stood at 1,142 megawatts between 2001 and 2003. The state-
owned Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen), established in 1997 under the name of
Kenya Power Company, handles the generation of
electricity, while the Kenya Power and Lighting Company
(KPLC), which is slated for privatization, handles
transmission and distribution. Shortfalls of electricity
occur periodically, when drought reduces water flow. To
become energy sufficient, Kenya aims to build a nuclear
power plant by 2017.
Hydrocarbon reserves have yet to be discovered on
Kenya's territory, despite several decades of intermittent
exploration. Kenya currently imports all crude petroleum
requirements. Kenya, east Africa's largest economy, has
no strategic reserves and relies solely on oil marketers' 21-
day oil reserves required under industry regulations. Petroleum accounts for 20 to 25 percent of
the national import bill.
Although Kenya is yet to give a formal indication of where its exploration program, which now
involves half a dozen companies, is headed, in recent weeks, well-placed sources in Uganda's oil
industry have suggested that the country is on the verge on making an announcement that could
cement East Africa's position as major oil region on the continent. Optimism surrounding the
Kenyan program is informed by recent oil discoveries in Uganda that, combined with the fact
that the rocks that form the East African Rift System are about the same age, suggests a high
potential for oil in Kenya. Gas discoveries in Tanzania and significant proven oil reserves along
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the border between Uganda and DR Congo have also encouraged interest in the once largely
overlooked region. Reacting to the current speculation about prospects for an early oil find,
senior geologists at Uganda's Energy Ministry who were at the forefront of the country's search
for oil two decades ago, said they had no reason to doubt that there was oil in Kenya, with the
area around Lake Turkana and the coastal belt being singled out as the most promising prospects.
Before its exit mid this year, China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) had worked
with Africa Oil and Lion Energy Corp to drill an exploratory well in block 9 in northern Kenya.
It also had a license for block L2, an inland area in the Lamu basin.
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OIL EXPLORATION
Early in 2006 Chinese President Hu Jintao signed an oil exploration contract with Kenya, the
latest in a series of deals designed to keep Africa's natural resources flowing to China's rapidly
expanding economy.
The deal allowed for China's state-controlled offshore oil and gas company, CNOOC, to prospect
for oil in Kenya, which is just beginning to drill its first exploratory wells on the borders of
Sudan and Somalia and in coastal waters. No oil has been discovered yet, and there has been no
formal estimate of the possible reserves.
In the news recently Kenyas planned investment in oil and gas exploration may rise to a record
as the discovery of crude in neighboring Uganda piques interest in the largely untapped territory,
Petroleum Commissioner Martin Heya said.
Tullow Oil Plc (TLW), the London-based explorer with the most licenses in Africa, plans to sink
two test wells in north- western Kenya this year and early 2012, while U.S.-based Apache Corp.
(APA) may drill offshore next year, Heya said in an interview in Nairobi, the Kenyan capital.
Spending on exploration and drilling is estimated at $126 million, and other companies may
follow as more plans are approved, he said.
The level of activity is at a high and we think once Tullow starts drilling we must prepare
ourselves for even more interest, Heya said. The more wells that are drilled, the faster adiscovery will be made.
Exploration companies are increasing spending in Kenya as neighboring Uganda, with an
estimated 2.5 billion barrels of oil reserves, prepares to become a crude producer next year when
Tullow expects to start pumping from the Lake Albert Basin. Only 32 exploratory wells have
been drilled in Kenya. That compares with 480 in East Africa, 14,500 in the west of the continent
and 19,000 in north and central Africa, according to data from U.K. - based explorer Afren Plc.
(AFR) Big companies like Tullow coming into the country automatically creates more
interest, Dragan Trajkov, an oil and gas analyst at Renaissance Capital Ltd. in London, said an
e- mailed response to questions today. I wouldnt be surprised if the Kenyan government tries to
capitalize on it, as it provides credibility to potentially finding more discoveries.
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FINANCIAL SERVICES
Kenya is East and Central Africa's hub for financial services. The Nairobi Stock Exchange
(NSE) is ranked 4th in Africa in terms of Market capitalization.
The Kenya banking system is supervised by the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK). As of late July
2004, the system consisted of 43 commercial banks (down from 48 in 2001), several non-bank
financial institutions, including mortgage companies, four savings and loan associations, and
several score foreign-exchange bureaus. Two of the four largest banks, the Kenya Commercial
Bank (KCB) and the National Bank of Kenya (NBK), are partially government-owned, and the
other two are majority foreign-owned (Barclays Bank and Standard Chartered). Most of the
many smaller banks are family-owned and -operated.
LABOR
In 2006 Kenyas labor force was estimated to include about 12 million workers, almost 75
percent in agriculture. The number employed outside small-scale agriculture and pastoralism was
about 6 million. In 2004 about 15 percent of the labor force was officially classified as
unemployed. Other estimates place Kenyas unemployment much higher, even up to 40 percent.
In recent years, Kenya's labor force has shifted from the countryside to the cities, such as
Nairobi, as Kenya becomes increasingly urbanized.
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VISION 2030
In October 2006 the Kenya Government unveiled Vision 2030 with a focus on transforming
national development. It is an ambitious long term strategy that will supersede the Economic
Recovery Strategy for Wealth and Employment Creation which expired in December 2007.
Vision 2030 aims to turn Kenya into an economic powerhouse by increasing income per head
fivefold to $3,000 by achieving and sustaining 10% GDP growth per annum and transforming
the country into an efficient modern democracy. Vision 2030 will be steered by the National
Economic and Social Council which is chaired by the President and brings together CEOs of top
businesses, social scientists, government officials and even international personalities like
Baroness Chalker from the U.K. and Mr. Lee the former Prime Minister of Singapore.
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FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS
Since independence, Kenya, a neutral country, has seen substantial foreign investment and
significant amounts of development aid, some from Russia, some from China and others from
the high developed countries. Between 60 and 70 percent of industry is still owned from abroad.
Kenya's development assistance has come from increasingly diverse sources in recent years with
China taking an increasingly higher prominent role than the west. The share of funding provided
by the United Kingdom has fallen significantly, while that of multilateral agencies, particularly
the World Bank and t