republican era
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Republican Era. A07 7.10.3. TOPIC OUTLINE. A.Republican America in the early 1800s 1. Religion: Beginnings of the Second Great Awakening 2.Women: Republican motherhood & education for women 3.Cultural Nationalism 4.Stirrings of Industry B.Jefferson's Presidency (and Madison’s) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Republican Republican EraEra
A077.10.37.10.3
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TOPIC OUTLINETOPIC OUTLINEA. Republican America in the early 1800s
1. Religion: Beginnings of the Second Great Awakening2. Women: Republican motherhood & education for women3. Cultural Nationalism4. Stirrings of Industry
B. Jefferson's Presidency (and Madison’s)1. Jefferson & the National Government2. The Courts and Marbury3. Louisiana4. Foreign Affairs: Troubles at Sea5. Expansion into the trans-Appalachian West & Indian resistance
C. War of 1812 and its consequences
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Guiding QuestionGuiding Question
To what extent were To what extent were developments during the period developments during the period 1800-1824 consistent with the 1800-1824 consistent with the vision of Thomas Jefferson and vision of Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans, as opposed to the Republicans, as opposed to the vision of Hamilton and the the vision of Hamilton and the Federalists?Federalists?
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Competing Visions for AmericaCompeting Visions for AmericaREPUBLICAN/JEFFERSON
VISIONFEDERALIST (HAMILTON) VISION
Government
Constitution
Economy
Foreign Policy
Religion
Culture
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A.A. AMERICA IN 1800AMERICA IN 1800
National National Development Development
in the Early Republicin the Early Republic
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1. BEGINNINGS OF INDUSTRY1. BEGINNINGS OF INDUSTRY
Samuel Slater
Eli Whitney cotton gin
interchangeable parts
Robert FultonThe Clermont (1807)
Turnpikes
The Cotton Gin (National Archives)
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Distribution of slave population 1790-1820
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Population density: 1790 & 1820
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2. RELIGION:2. RELIGION: BEGINNINGS OF THE BEGINNINGS OF THE SECOND GREAT AWAKENING SECOND GREAT AWAKENING
Deism
Unitarianism
Second Great Awakening (1806-30s)
camp meetings
Charles Finney
John Wesley
“burned over district’
The Second Great Awakening, 1790-1860
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Growth of American Methodism 1775-1850
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3. RISE OF CULTURAL NATIONALISM3. RISE OF CULTURAL NATIONALISM
Education? - the “virtuous citizen”
Distinctively American literature?Washington Irving
Noah Webster
Washington Irving (Portrait Gallery)
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B.B. JEFFERSON’S PRESIDENCYJEFFERSON’S PRESIDENCY
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The Election of 1800
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Election Election of 1800of 1800
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Election of 1800
Jefferson Jefferson vs.vs. Burr Burr in House of Representativesin House of Representatives
First Peaceful Turnover of PowerFirst Peaceful Turnover of Power
Twelfth Amendment Twelfth Amendment (1804)(1804)
Hamilton-Burr duel Hamilton-Burr duel (1804) (1804) >>>>
Decline of FederalistsDecline of Federalists
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Thomas JeffersonThomas JeffersonWell over 6 feet tallNot a good public speaker. One of the greatest writers among U.S. Presidents A renaissance manIncredibly well-read in science and philosophyContinental Congress; assemblyman; Gov. of Virginia.; Author of Dec. of Independence; Min. to France; Sec. of State; Vice Pres.
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1.1. Jefferson & National Gov’tJefferson & National Gov’t
Views on governmentstrict constructionism
major functions
Alien & Sedition Acts
Army & Navy
Public spending
federal debt
Excise tax on whiskey rest of Hamilton’s program?
simplicity as PresidentThomas Jefferson by Rembrandt Peale, 1805
Collection of The New-York Historical Society
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2. Struggle Over the Courts2. Struggle Over the Courts
Judiciary Act of 1801“Midnight appointments”
John Marshall (Ch. Justice 1801-1835)
Marbury vs. Madison (1803)
Judiciary Act of 1789
judicial review
significance
John Marshall
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3. Louisiana Purchase• The Problem: right of deposit, Pinckney’s Treaty (1795)
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3. Louisiana Purchase•ProblemProblem•DealDeal•DilemmaDilemma•OppositionOpposition•ImpactImpact
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Louisiana Louisiana Purchase Purchase TreatyTreaty
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Map of the West 1802Map of the West 1802Map of the West 1802
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Lewis and Clark
1804-1806
Purposes: Explore new territory
Claim to Oregon
political & trade relations with Indians
http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~atlas/america/interactive/map06.html
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4. TROUBLES AT SEA
Significance of American Shipping
Barbary pirates
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4. TROUBLES AT SEA
Napoleanic wars (1803-1814)(1803-1814)
British Orders in Council (blockade)
Napolean’s Continental System
Impressment< 6000 US sailors 1808-1811
Chesapeake Affair (1807)
Embargo Act of 1807 “Peaceable Coercion”
Why not war?
Who opposes?
Manning the Navy, English engraving showing the impressment of American sailors (Library of Congress)
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4. TROUBLES AT SEAEmbargo Act of 1807 (1807-1809)
Non-Intercourse Act (1809)Effect on Britain?
Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810)
American Export Trade, 1790–1815American Export Trade, 1790–1815
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James James MadisonMadison
Dolley MadisonDolley Madison (Portrait Gallery)(Portrait Gallery)
• President 1809-1817
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5. CONFLICTS WITH WESTERN INDIANS
Trans-Appalacian settlement
(Tecumseh: Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, FMNH Neg. #A93851)
Population density-1790-1820
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C. WAR OF C. WAR OF 18121812
America'sAmerica'sSecond War forSecond War forIndependence?Independence?
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5. CONFLICTS WITH WESTERN INDIANS
(Tecumseh: Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, FMNH Neg. #A93851)
Native America, 1783-1812Native America, 1783-1812
Trans-Appalacian settlementTrans-Appalacian settlement
Tenskwatawa (the Prophet)Tenskwatawa (the Prophet)
Tecumseh Tecumseh
Role of Britain? Role of Britain?
William Henry HarrisonWilliam Henry Harrison
Battle of Tippecanoe (1811)Battle of Tippecanoe (1811)
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Presidential Election of 1812Presidential Election of 1812
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War of 1812 - CausesWar of 1812 (1812-1815)(1812-1815)
“War Hawks” Henry Clay (Whig -KY Lexington)
John Calhoun (Whig - SC)
Reasons US declared war1) Impressment of sailors 2) Conflicts with Indians3) Desire for expansion
“Mr. Madison’s War”
Henry Clay
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War of 1812 - Fighting
York (Toronto) (1813)Battle of Lake Erie (summer 1813)
Commodore Oliver Hazard PerryBattle of Thames (Oct 1813)
Wm Henry Harrison
Horseshoe Bend (March 1814)Andrew Jackson
Plattsburg (Sept 11, 1814)Key battle of war
Attack on Washington (Aug 1814)
Baltimore – Ft. McHenry“Star Spangled Banner” (1814)Francis Scott Key
Battle of New Orleans (Jan 1815)“Hero of New Orleans”
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War of 1812: Results
Opposition to War
Hartford Convention (Dec 1814)
Treaty of Ghent
(Dec 24, 1814)
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Results of the War of 1812
Draw militarily Small War and insignificant in military terms.
Important consequences for the U.S.:Winners: War Hawks (favoring western expansion, national improvements, trade); Republicans, Andrew Jackson, William Henry HarrisonLosers: Indians, FederalistsNew Spirit of nationalism (Era of Good Feelings)Paranoia about Britain died away (“Second War for Independence”)
Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817)
End of involvement in Europe for next 100 years.
America looks inward
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Jefferson Jefferson in 1821in 1821
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Auction of Monticello, 1827Auction of Monticello, 1827
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Monticello, ca. 1870Monticello, ca. 1870
East Front of Monticello, ca. 1870 (University of Virginia)
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Monticello today
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Monticello today
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Monticello Today
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Sources
http://www.monticello.org/http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/archive/idx_map.htmlhttp://www.lewisandclark.org/lib.htmhttp://www.jmu.edu/madison/louispurchase.htmBrinkley, American History: A Survey (10th ed)