res62 presentation5
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Chapter 5
The development of competitive sport
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Learning outcomes:• understand the role of festivals in the history of sport• understand the emergence of rational sport as a result of
the industrial revolution• understand the characteristics of sport in the twentieth
and twenty-first century • understand the concept of deviance in sport
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History of sport timeline
Ancient Festival Popular Public Oxbridge Rational
Origins Games Recreations Schools Sport
1st 10–12th 14–18th Early 19th Mid–19th End of 19th
Millennium Century Century Century Century Century
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The Olympic Games • Origins in Ancient Greece, where they were held every
four years as part of a religious ceremony to the god Zeus.
• Baron Pierre de Coubertin introduced the modern Olympic Games in 1896.
• The aim of the Games was to prevent war and develop more international friendship.
• The Games for most of the twentieth century were amateur, with performers competing purely for enjoyment.
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Development of sport
Remember • Sport in pre-industrial Britain was linked to a need for
war preparation.• Early sports were divided by social class and
background.• The church and local gentry were important in the
organisation of festival games. • The Modern Olympic Games are a combination of
ancient and modern festivals.
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Industrialisation changed the way people lived, worked and played • Urbanisation – large populations moved into the cities
and towns where there was a lack of space for recreation.
• Industrialisation – life was based around the factory system and machine time.
• Working conditions – initially were very poor for the lower classes, with long shifts and little free time. The twentieth century saw a gradual increase in free time; legislation brought in the Saturday half day, the Ten Hour Act and early closing for shop workers.
• Economics – the systems of capitalism and industrial patronage led to the formation of work and church teams, which often developed into professional clubs.
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The role of Oxbridge in the development of sport
Remember • The universities of Cambridge and Oxford played an
important role in the development of sport.• They were the first place where compromise rules were
developed.• They also developed regular fixtures – Varsity matches.• Blues became important role models and teachers.
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The development of sport in the twentieth century
Remember • The rise of spectatorism and its influence on sport in the
twentieth century. • The continued development of commercialisation and
Americanisation in sport in the UK.• The influence the 1984 Olympics had on subsequent
global games.