research and developmentDoCoMo Communications Laboratories USA, Inc.

DoCoMo Communications Laboratories USA, Inc. • 181 Metro Drive, Suite 300 San Jose, CA 95110 • www.docomolabs-usa.com

shaping the future

DoCoMo USA Labs

entertainment

gaming

mobile business

multimedia

location dependent servicesmobile computing

travel

Mission Statement

DoCoMo Communications Laboratories USA, Inc.’s

mission is to develop innovative services and applica-

tions that will ensure maximum user benefits from future

generations of wireless networks. We will provide the

breakthrough technologies to enable DoCoMo to

become the industry’s platform leader through owner-

ship of key infrastructure technologies and essential

terminal specifications.

DoCoMo USA Labs’ long-term vision is to secure key

control points of the mobile network platform through

innovative R&D contributions and aggressive intellectual

property generation. We will become a globally recognized

center of excellence in the areas of mobile communica-

tion, wireless Internet technology and platform definition.

We will develop disruptive new technologies, enabling

innovative service models to enhance the lifestyle, security

and well-being of the global community.

We will accomplish our mission by providing break-

through research innovations in mobile communications.

DoCoMo USA Labs will operate as a liaison for collabo-

ration with US companies and maintain positive relation-

ships with US based standards organizations through

active participation in their activities.

D E D I C A T E D T O

I N N O V A T I O N , V I S I O N ,

A N D L E A D E R S H I P

I N T H E C R E A T I O N

O F M O B I L E

W I R E L E S S N E T W O R K

A R C H I T E C T U R E S F O R

4 G A N D B E Y O N D

NTT DoCoMo

Japan’s premier mobile communications company, NTTDoCoMo, provides wireless voice and data communications totens of millions of subscribers. NTT DoCoMo is the creator of W-CDMA technology, the new de facto global industry standard,as well as the groundbreaking mobile i-mode service, which waslaunched on February 22, 1999. At the heart of our operations isa commitment to providing customers with cutting-edge, cost-effective service and a belief that ongoing, focused research anddevelopment can help us to continually reinvent the concept ofmobile communications.

i-mode on FOMA

In October 2001, NTT DoCoMo has further expanded the diver-sity of i-mode with the introduction of FOMA - the world’s firstfully commercialized third-generation service based on W-CDMA. While new services are becoming available all thetime, FOMA terminals are already available supporting advancedvisual communication services like videophone i-motion–NTT DoCoMo’s video clip service, and i-motion mail, whichenables users to e-mail video clips taken either with the built-incamera on FOMA terminals or download from i-mode sites.Such advanced services, performance and quality are madepossible by the ability of FOMA to support data communicationsat impressive rates of up to 384Kbps.

Our Vision for the Future

The mobile revolution that began with the invention of the cellularphone is on the verge of transforming our world. Soon we willsee the dawn of a “new global communications culture” in whichpeople everywhere will use mobile terminals to access multimediaservices through a borderless global network. They will also beable to communicate seamlessly with each other, anytime andanywhere, using hundreds of futuristic services such as wireless videophone and videoconferencing. By the year 2010,we anticipate a worldwide mobile communications market threetimes the size of today’s—one that is dominated by multimediarather than voice transmissions.

Based on this vision of the future, we have put the full force ofNTT DoCoMo and our corporate brand behind our current global“multimedia initiative.” This initiative, which involves prodigiousR&D efforts and active partnering with overseas carriers, contentproviders, equipment manufacturers, and others, will furtherstimulate consumer demand for communications services andhelp us to thrive in the coming era of unprecedented growth.

NTT DoCoMo is working hard towards its goal ofimproving the personal life styles of more than 47 millioncustomers under its slogan “Challenging the MobileFrontier.” This goal is known as “Vision 2010” and real-izing it will allow the mobile communications market totriple in size, and provide a new level of multimedia service in addition to voice communications.

In November 1999, NTT DoCoMo founded DoCoMoCommunications Laboratories USA, Inc. in Silicon Valleyto explore innovative applications and related frontiertechnologies for the next generation of mobile networks.As our labs have grown and matured over the past fouryears, we have consolidated our research resources intofour laboratories and a corporate strategy group. Theseresources were organized to exploit and reflect twoareas of expertise: Silicon Valley’s excellence in informa-tion technology and Japan’s leading role in mobiletelecommunication technology. Taking advantage of thisunique synergy, the USA laboratory is now makingsignificant contributions in several research areas:mobile media coding and processing algorithms, funda-mental terminal software technologies for the fourthgeneration (4G) and beyond terminals, 4G networkarchitecture, wireless LAN/WAN technologies, andencryption / certification algorithms. It is a solid founda-tion upon which I am confident the laboratories willcontinue to build and move forward positively towardsour targets.

DoCoMo literally stands for “DO COmmunications overthe Mobile Network” and it sounds like the Japaneseword for “anywhere.” In my mind, the word

“Communications” means much more than simplyspeech services, it means connecting people so that wecan talk together, work together, and enjoy life togethereven if separated by great distances. In the pastdecade, the concept of a “Mobile Network” has openeda new era by adding the ideas of “anytime, anywhere” to the great possibilities of communications. Standing at the cutting edge of the mobile frontier, I would like to add something new that has not yet been realized isbut essential to our vision and required in 2010 andbeyond. This will lead us beyond extensions of existingtechnologies and into highly innovative, disruptive technologies and new business models required forcreating new life styles.

The United States is the world leader in Internet-related and software applications technologies, and also in business creation. Situated in San Jose, California, we intend toextend the mobile frontier to achieveour goal of working together with leading figures here in the US. I lookforward to exploring the synergy benefitsmade possible through collabo-ration with companies anduniversities in the U.S.Adding innovative futuresand new technologies tothe mobile commu-nication environment isour commitment.

President’s Message

Minoru Etoh, Ph.D.

President

and Chief Executive Officer

Future generations of wireless networks will provide

virtually unlimited opportunities to the global, connected

community. Innovations in platform and network tech-

nology will provide an environment in which virtually

anything is available, anywhere, at any time, via any

connected device.

Ensuring maximum user benefit from this environment

requires that service and application technologies are

implemented with truly exceptional vision and imagina-

tion. The realization of these new technologies is our

mission at DoCoMo USA Labs. Insights into emerging

new business opportunities and global standardization

efforts are vital in fulfilling this mission.

DoCoMo USA Labs was formed in November 1999 to

develop innovative applications and services for the

fourth generation of mobile services and beyond. The

Silicon Valley location was chosen in recognition of the

area’s position as the global focal point of Internet

technology excellence and our intention to become part

of that excellence. With a clear vision, aggressive

innovation and carefully planned growth we intend to

establish a global center of excellence, making positive

contributions to the growth of our business and to the

wirelessly connected community in general.

Executive Vice President’s Message

Ged Powell

Executive Vice President

and Chief Strategy Officer

Mobile Medical Examination System: Linking doctors andpatients with a hospital’s database, the mobile network facilitateslong-distance medical care, even for conditions that would typicallyrequire a doctor’s touch.

Vision Glasses: These glasses provide a variety of information through the transmission

of information between built-in cameras and chips mounted on target objects.

Mobile Remote Learning System: Personal computer-based, hands-on tutorials are now a genuine option for thelong-distance learners, providing modules you can literally“touch and feel,” as well as viable networking optionslinking community schools.

Teleconferencing System: By facilitatinglive transmissions of the moving imagesacross the world, along with automatictranslation functions, this system has thepotential to crate genuinely borderlessglobal communication, free of the historicbarriers of language.

Mobile Town Monitoring System:Real-time information on the flow ofpeople and the current availability of

restaurant seating is displayed onpersonal terminals.

Contactless IC and Infrared: The cell phone is developing into an important mobile platform for enabling Machine-to-Machine Communications. This is currently occurring throughinterfaces such as IrDA, Bluetooth, contactless IC, and RadioFrequency Identification (RFID) tags.

Bar-code Reader: These services are now emerging in commercially available applications. This application area will grow into a significantcomponent of future mobile services.

E-Commerce & Delivering System: Simultaneouslyexchanging customer data with an E-Cash Systemensures the fast, reliable transmission of aggregatedinformation for each logistic center.

E-Cash System: Payments can be instantly processed viaelectronic terminal communication links between stores andtheir customers using devices such as “mobile wallets.”

GPS Mobile Watch: With a built-in GPS unit, the watch retrieves and displays a detailed map,conveying the precise location of the wearer.

Mobile Virtual Laboratory: Massive databases can be shared to allow easy access from virtually anywhere. Additionally, uninhabited environments can be readily monitored.

enabling the future with visionary

mobile technology

NTT DoCoMo Vision 2010

DoCoMo USA Labs is organized into four distinct labora-

tories working independently but unified by the common

goal of providing breakthroughs in mobile Internet tech-

nologies and future platform definition: the Media Lab

(ML), the Mobile Software Lab (MSL), the Network

Architecture Lab (NAL), and the Network Service and

Security Lab (NSSL). The company also hosts two

Research Fellows.

Each of the researchers at DoCoMo USA Labs has been

carefully selected on the basis of their specific research

expertise. This process has been underway since the

labs were founded and has resulted in a dynamic and

fertile research environment. The diversity of expertise

and background of our researchers reflects the eclectic

and varied population profile of Silicon Valley itself. We

have research staff from 14 different countries, including

our parent company’s home country of Japan. The diver-

sity of expertise and background of our research engineers

reflects our active commitment to providing inventive,

innovative technology applications for future generations.

About Our Labs

Mobile Media Technology is a key component in the realization of mobile multimedia services. In

the Media Lab, our focus on fundamental media coding and processing technologies will enable

ubiquitous and seamless multimedia services in next-generation networks.

The evolution of media processing technologies and

networking technologies will revolutionize the way users

interact with mobile and fixed networks, resulting in new

commercial opportunities. We must anticipate these

opportunities. Understanding and influencing how new

business scenarios will emerge in this new commercial

framework is a vital part in the design of growth strate-

gies. We are thus pursuing exciting and highly dynamic

research aimed at developing models of operation that

will be enjoyed by the new wirelessly-connected

community.

Audio Project

Existing speech codecs are highly optimized for two-

way speech communication and audio codecs for one-

way music distribution and streaming. Furthermore,

playback quality is limited by the linear and nonlinear

distortions of small loudspeakers in mobile terminals.

The Audio project tackles these issues through the

development of a low-latency hi-fidelity unified speech

and audio codec (USAC), the delivery of realistic

multimedia experiences using spatial audio, and the

improvement of playback quality by compensating for

loudspeaker distortions using nonlinear signal processing.

Transport Project

Multimedia services, such as audiovisual streaming,

need to adapt to wired and wireless networks with

complex Quality-of-Service (QoS) characteristics. Future

packet-based mobile networks will place considerable

constraints on the seamless distribution and transmis-

sion of media, particularly in real-time delivery scenarios.

There is therefore a need for codec and network

integration technology to enable advanced and seam-

less multimedia services delivering optimal QoS for each

application. Research issues include new channel

coding techniques targeted at broadcast and multicast

media distribution, and joint source and channel coding.

Video Project

Advances in video coding technology and increases of

available processing power have enabled video applica-

tions on mobile devices. While the current generation of

codecs, including the emerging H.264/MPEG-4 AVC

standard, provide increased coding efficiency, further

advances are desirable due to limited radio resources in

mobile networks. Future codecs should address the

needs of mobile media applications including video

conferencing, video streaming, video broadcasting, and

multimedia messaging. Future wireless networks are

expected to be packet-based, and packetization of

video data should be designed accordingly. Entropy

coding, spatial and temporal prediction, transforms, and

quantization are the key elements of a video

codec. Improvement of these components and their

interactions will lead to more efficient codecs.

Furthermore perceptual quality remains poorly under-

stood. A better understanding will improve encoding as

well as pre- and post-processing algorithms.

Breathtaking advances in multimedia compression,

expanding network bandwidth, and heterogeneous

access networks will change the usage of mobile

networks forever. Future users will interact with the

network using a multitude of devices, and demand

consistent and familiar service in all locations. They will

expect reliable delivery of multimedia content, including

real-time high-quality audio and video, games, and text.

Mobile media differentiates itself from conventional

media in several aspects:

■ Bandwidth is relatively limited, and while growing,

it remains much narrower than in wired networks;

■ Transmission is prone to errors;

■ Form factors are small, resulting in limited power

availability, small displays and small loudspeakers;

■ Applications may be specific to mobile communica-

tion, such as multimedia messaging.

Although our next generation radio access technology is

expected to provide higher bandwidth to customers,

multimedia compression remains essential because of

limited radio resources. Providing the world’s most

efficient codecs is one of the missions of the Media Lab.

To stay on the top, we collaborate with the

NTT DoCoMo R&D Center (Yokosuka Research Park).

Speech is and will continue to be the traditional medium

for communication, whether wired or wireless. Improved

speech coding therefore remains a significant objective

of the Media Lab. Fundamental research is delivering

real advances both in coding efficiency and subjective

performance, including the ability to faithfully render

sounds other than speech. From a commercialization

viewpoint, a speech codec suitable for Voice over

mobile IP is also a necessity. Imaging and video are

emerging media in wireless communications. Further

advances in coding efficiency and subjective perform-

ance will enhance user experience by providing sharper

images that feature higher resolutions and frame rates.

Fundamental research in this area, for both video confer-

encing and streaming applications, thus remains a

commitment in the Media Lab.

Our research is not limited to the compression. To

compensate for limited playback capabilities of mobile

terminals, we research innovative signal processing

methods such as nonlinear signal processing, advanced

acoustic modeling, and media enhancing technologies.

Media Laboratory

By Frank Bossen, Ph.D.Vice President and Lab Director

“ F U T U R E U S E R S W I L L I N T E R A C T W I T H T H E N E T W O R K U S I N G A M U LT I T U D E O F D E V I C E S ,

A N D D E M A N D C O N S I S T E N T A N D F A M I L I A R S E R V I C E I N A L L L O C A T I O N S . ”

“ T H E G O A L S O F O U R R E S E A R C H A R E T O E N A B L E T H E C R E A T I O N O F N E W A P P L I C A T I O N S , T H E E A S Y

D E P L O Y M E N T O F N E W A P P L I C A T I O N S A N D T H E M A I N T E N A N C E O F N E T W O R K N O D E S A N D E N D U S E R D E V I C E S . ”

Mobile Software Laboratory

The mobile software laboratory investigates software structures for handsets and servers for 4G

generation networks. The goals of our research are to enable the creation of new applications,

the easy deployment of new applications, and the maintenance of network nodes and end user

devices. Our current generation of services is based on i-mode and i-appli infrastructures. These

have been very successful in drawing new content and applications for our customers. Our view

of next generation networks is that they are “dynamic” and “open.” The networks are open in

that third parties can participate in our networks and devices more easily and, dynamic in that

new features can be added to networks and devices after deployment since it is impossible for

us to predict all the features that are required by our networks and devices at deployment time.

In addition to the creation of new services and their upgrades we would like to reduce the cost

of deploying new services and upgrading them.

Operating systems

Our phones for open and dynamic 4G networks will run

multiple applications simultaneously, run complex appli-

cations such as multiplayer games, run multimedia

applications all in a single operating system platform.

One of the most important goals of an operating system

is to mediate applications access to hardware. To enable

better mediation of hardware we are focusing on several

important areas including, but not limited to, energy

management, advanced protection domain structures

for processors for cellular phones, efficient process

scheduling techniques, efficient data storage manage-

ment techniques, and self managing systems.

Middleware

Mobile middleware focuses on providing intelligent

support for applications on devices and for enabling

intelligent communication between devices and the

network nodes. For example, mobile users often experi-

ence periods of disconnection. An intelligent middleware

layer can mask brief periods of disconnection. Our

research into middleware focuses on efficient communica-

tion management, efficient reconfiguration of applications

and systems based on system conditions, and efficient

repartitioning techniques for applications.

Device security

The device security project focuses on new techniques

for securing the device. We are investigating new

language based techniques for enabling safe downloads

of software at all levels of the software stack, new tech-

niques for secure dynamic reconfiguration of software,

and understanding and developing methods to prevent

attacks on devices through various channels including

new types of network interfaces including Bluetooth,

iRDA, WiFi and WiMAX.

By Nayeem Islam, Ph.D.Vice President and Lab Director

Much of these new functions on phones and networks

will be provided in software and not hardware. This new

focus on software presents a set of technical challenges

that must be solved at various levels in the software

stacks. In addition, management of complex software

systems and their upgrade can pose problems. We are

currently conducting research and development in

several critical areas such as: operating systems,

middleware, and device security. Leadership in these

three key areas will enable NTT DoCoMo to create highly

differentiated services for our customers and help us

reduce our cost and time to market new services.

Our laboratory conducts collaborative research and

development with leading partner companies and

universities worldwide. Through these collaborative part-

nerships we are able to undertake more complex and

meaningful projects that can significantly impact our

future services.

“ W E W I L L E X P L O I T E X I S T I N G T E C H N O L O G I E S A N D C R E A T E N E W T E C H N O L O G I E S

N E C E S S A R Y T O E N S U R E E F F E C T I V E S E C U R I T Y F O R M O B I L E E N V I R O N M E N T . ”

By Toshiro KawaharaSenior Vice President and Lab Director

Network Architecture Laboratory

The mission of the NAL is to develop networking technologies for next generation mobile networks.

Our view of the next generation network, which we assume to be deployed around 2010, is a

network that enables everyone to enjoy the benefit of communication anytime anywhere, without

any concern of security or privacy. This is still quite an abstract view, but we can identify several

key technologies to be developed. Following are the projects of the NAL and their objectives.

In addition to that, we are also working on the area of

wireless access technologies, especially on Wireless

LAN (WLAN) technologies. As described above, we are

targeting to incorporate all kinds of network access

into seamless environment, and WLAN should be one

indispensable component of that. However, since WLAN

is designed mainly for stationary use, it cannot be

integrated as it is now. We are mainly working to extend

it for this purpose.

4G Network Architecture

The objectives of this project are to develop IP based

network architecture that enables flexible new service

deployment in economic manner. The scope of the

project includes the design of transport and service

support network architecture with existing Internet

Protocol suites, identifying the new functionality required

and developing its solution.

Radio Access Network

The objectives of this project are to develop 4th genera-

tion radio access networking (RAN) technologies that

provide various functionalities in a distributed manner.

Functionalities provided by RAN include QoS and mobil-

ity support. The scope of the project includes develop-

ing RAN architecture that optimize the functionality

placement beyond the conventional restriction of

network-layer and/or physical placement. It also

includes research on middleware and its platform for

these technologies.

Wireless Access

The objectives of this project are to develop media

access control (MAC) technologies for 4th generation

wireless access to support secure radio access in

mobile environments. The scope of the project also

includes research to enhance existing wireless access

technologies such as IEEE802.11/16 with participation

of the standardization activities. It also includes devel-

oping technologies to support new types of potential

requirements for 4G wireless access such as co-exis-

tence of multiple services in the same frequency band.

In the future, everyone and everything will be seamlessly

and securely interconnected. The “exact” life with mobile

multimedia at that time is currently beyond our imagina-

tion, but we can predict some of required network func-

tions that enable it. Among them, there are two essential

and universal functions: 1) seamless mobility of network

entities among various networks and 2) security applicable

for mobile environments.

The first function, seamless mobility, means that a

network entity such as a terminal or even a part of the

network can move from one network to another without

disconnecting or interupting real-time or non-real-time

communications. For example, when a VoIP (voice over

IP) user gets home, that user may want the terminal to

switch from a cellular network to a home Wireless LAN

without interruption or degradation of voice quality. This

should be achieved by IP-layer mobility management

technology. Through our research activities and the work

in IETF, most of the functional components are already

established to achieve this. However, there still exist a

set of challenges to incorporate with actual networks

such as current 3G cellular networks. The second func-

tion, security applications for mobile environments, will

ensure that every time a user communicates with

another user or server – e.g. VoIP, Internet shopping,

e-mail, etc., the communication will be safe and secure.

The existing security technologies, i.e., cryptographic

algorithms and security protocols may be used for most

of the part, but it is essential to evaluate their security,

since the scenarios to be analyzed for mobile environ-

ments is more complicated than static environments.

Furthermore, for some purposes, current algorithms and

protocols are insufficient or inappropriate for the mobile

environment and we need to create new ones. In short,

we will exploit existing technologies and create the new

technologies necessary to ensure effective security for

mobile environment.

“ W E W I L L E X P L O I T E X I S T I N G T E C H N O L O G I E S A N D C R E A T E T H E N E W T E C H N O L O G I E S N E C E S S A R Y T O

E N S U R E E F F E C T I V E S E C U R I T Y F O R M O B I L E E N V I R O N M E N T . ”

“ W E W I L L E X P L O I T E X I S T I N G T E C H N O L O G I E S A N D C R E A T E N E W T E C H N O L O G I E S

N E C E S S A R Y T O E N S U R E E F F E C T I V E S E C U R I T Y F O R M O B I L E E N V I R O N M E N T . ”

By Ravi Jain, Ph.D.Vice President and Lab Director

Network Services and Security Laboratory “ A D V A N C E D S E R V I C E S W I L L R E Q U I R E S E C U R I T Y M E C H A N I S M S D E S I G N E D I N F R O M T H E S T A R T ,

A N D S E C U R I T Y A N D C R Y P T O G R A P H I C R E S E A R C H M U S T U LT I M A T E LY B E D R I V E N B Y S E R V I C E S . ”

NSS focuses on two critical attributes of 4G systems: network support for value-added services,and scalable and flexible security solutions to protect both the infrastructure and the user.

Service Infrastructure

4G will be defined by the applications and services

that users enjoy – and pay for – and not by air interface

characteristics, backbone network protocols, or band-

width. It is unlikely that any one operator or vendor can

develop a unique “killer app.” The ability to introduce

innovative new applications rapidly and efficiently will be

the key to success.

The goal of the service infrastructure project is to

develop the architectures, application protocols and

algorithms required to support value-added, possibly

third party services. These include support for mobile

web services, peer-to-peer and overlay networks, and

the entire service lifecycle.

Security and Cryptography

Security and cryptographic protocol techniques will be

instrumental in the development and deployment of

services. Further, they will become key service differen-

tiators. Security for new types of networks, including ad

hoc and overlay networks, will be required. Further,

security services themselves may become a source of

new revenue as well as new business models, such as

trusted broker models.

The goal of this project is to develop security protocols,

applications of cryptography, scalable PKI, crypto-

graphic primitives, and security solutions based on

Internet principles and IP-based protocols to support

new services as well as to position security services as

differentiators and revenue sources.

We expect this research will position DoCoMo for

leadership in the 4G world.

These two attributes are synergistic since future

advanced services will require security mechanisms

designed in from the start. Security and cryptographic

research must ultimately be driven by services.

We believe that the 4G system environment will consist

of a relatively dumb core network with smart terminals

and a sophisticated service infrastructure. In addition,

unlike previous generations of cellular technology, which

were characterized by fairly monolithic and standardized

air interfaces and radio access networks, 4G users will

enjoy the luxury of a kind of access network “bazaar,”

where a wide variety of radio access network technologies

will be available. The user – or intelligent proxies on the

user’s behalf – will be able to choose the most appropriate

access for the given time and context.

Realizing such an environment requires advanced

security techniques and opens opportunities for security

itself to be a service. Further, an environment of this type

enables sophisticated services to be offered to the user

that can adapt to the user’s context and the user’s

Quality of Experience (QoE).

DoCoMo Euro-Labs

DoCoMo Communications Laboratories Europe GmbH (DoCoMo Euro-Labs), one of NTT

DoCoMo’s affiliated companies in Europe, has been formed in order to conduct research on

leading mobile communications technologies that can respond to the requirements of a highly

advanced multimedia age.

The motivation of NTT DoCoMo to choose Munich, as the base for its European research

activities is, that it offers a fruitful environment for collaborations with technical universities and

highly qualified people, a factor indispensable for advanced research. In addition to excellent

infrastructure and people Munich’s location in the very center of Europe makes it a hub city for

international mobility.

In the past Europe has served a pivotal role as a platform of standardization activities

regarding GSM (2G) and UMTS (3G). DoCoMo Euro-Labs was established in Europe in order

to continue to contribute to global research and standardization focused on 4G mobile

communications systems.

Under the keyword “Mobile Adventure” we at DoCoMo Euro-Labs are aiming at taking off

together with leading technologies from Europe.

NTT DoCoMo R&D Center (YRP)

The mobile communications market has major potential

to grow over the medium to long-term as well. DoCoMo

intends to pursue new and extremely promising growth

by providing total business solutions that can respond to

diverse user demands, especially demand for “multi-

media” and “ubiquity.”

FOMA applications still have tremendous room for

expansion. We are aggressively working to generate

demand with medium to long-term business opportu-

nities in mind.

We continue to make efforts to develop our technology

and handsets in the third generation (3G). In addition,

based on our R&D capabilities, we have also embarked

on fourth-generation (4G) research and development.

Making it possible to turn user demands into reality

depends, of course, on research and development

capabilities. DoCoMo is engaged in basic research and

development of advanced technology under a trilateral

arrangement that brings together our research and

development center in Japan (Yokosuka Research Park,

Kanagawa Prefecture), which is our main laboratory,

which DoCoMo USA Labs in the U.S. (Silicon Valley),

DoCoMo Euro-Labs in Europe (Munich, Germany) and

DoCoMo Beijing Labs in China (Beijing, China).

Our development activities contain three priorities. The

first priority is the development of handsets. We focus

on increasing performance by, for example, making

smaller and lighter handsets, lengthening standby times

as well as improving functions to implement new serv-

ices, such as online payments. The second priority is

network technology. We are involved in development

that will service to help construct an IP-based network

that can respond to increasing data traffic in a multi-

media society and decreasing network costs. The third

priority is wireless technology. We have been working on

the development of low cost base stations to expand

FOMA service areas. We are also engaged in the devel-

opment of HSDPA*, which enables faster communi-

cation (the maximum transmission speed is

approximately 14Mbps) and better transmission

efficiency than the current FOMA. Furthermore, in the

field of basic research, we have already begun research

on a fourth generation (4G) communications system

(offering a transmission speed of up to 100Mbps). We

have already had success with indoor transmissions

tests conducted in October 2002, and have begun

outdoor experiments in the current fiscal year. Also, we

are conducting basic research into discovering new

communication methods suited to the ubiquitous

communications society we envision. We are proud

of two of DoCoMo’s most outstanding features; an

industry-leading R&D organization and strong develop-

ment capabilities.

*HSDPA stands for High Speed Downlink Packet

Access. It is a W-CDMA technology to accelerate 3G

downstream packet data transmission.

Beijing Labs

DoCoMo Beijing Communications Laboratories Co., Ltd. (DoCoMo Beijing Labs) were

established on November 19, 2003 with their capital of 5.3 million U.S. dollars. They are a

wholly owned subsidiary of NTT DoCoMo, Inc.

The new laboratories emphasize advanced research in high speed and high volume wireless

transmission technologies, wireless systems, and basic technologies for a new approach to

mobile communication. The overall purpose of their foundations is to enhance the potential of

future mobile and personal communication technologies in fourth-generation (4G) and beyond.

China has aggressively committed to Beyond 3G research and development, and is expected

to evolve the requisite new standards. DoCoMo Beijing Labs will establish a stronger partnership

with China through research activities.

Research and Development

DoCoMo Communications Laboratories USA, Inc.

DoCoMo Communications Laboratories USA, Inc. (“DoCoMo USA Labs”) was established on November 1st 1999 in

Palo Alto, California. Since that time, we have grown into a dynamic research establishment of over 40 highly skilled

and talented professionals. As a result of our growth, in 2001 we moved to a significantly larger office facility near the

San Jose International Airport, where we are situated today.

DoCoMo USA Labs is a wholly owned subsidiary of NTT DoCoMo USA, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of

NTT DoCoMo, Inc. Japan. Our Silicon Valley location was carefully chosen to place us at the worldwide focal point

for Internet technology. Our aim is to become a global center of excellence in the area of mobile Internet and mobile

services provision technology.

DoCoMo Communications Laboratories USA, Inc.

181 Metro Drive, Suite 300, San Jose, California 95110

www.docomolabs-usa.com