research article effects of different enzymes and

Research ArticleEffects of Different Enzymes and Concentrations inthe Production of Clarified Lemon Juice

Filiz Uccedilan1 Asiye Akyildiz2 and Erdal ALccedilam2

1 Food Engineering Department Engineering Faculty Kilis 7 Aralık University 79000 Kilis Turkey2 Food Engineering Department Agricultural Faculty Cukurova University 01330 Adana Turkey

Correspondence should be addressed to Filiz Ucan ucanfilizgmailcom

Received 22 January 2014 Revised 13 April 2014 Accepted 28 April 2014 Published 1 June 2014

Academic Editor Dike O Ukuku

Copyright copy 2014 Filiz Ucan et al This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution Licensewhich permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited

Lemon juice obtained from Interdonato variety was treated with different enzymes at specific concentrations as depectinizationprocesses to produce clear lemon juice and its concentrates In addition the best condition obtained from laboratory treatmentswas carried out in the local fruit juice plant Effects of the processing steps on some quality parameters were investigated during thelemon juice production and the obtained concentrates were stored at minus25∘C for 180 days The results showed that Novozym 33095had the best depectinization effectiveness Total pectin content of lemon juices decreased rapidly following the enzyme treatmentand could not be detected following the filtration Viscosity values decreased after pulp separation and the largest reduction wasobserved with the filtration At the end of filtration in 40 120583L100mL concentrations of each of the three enzymes values of residualpectinmethylesterase (PME) activity were found to be in the lowest amounts

1 Introduction

Citrus is one of the most important fruit crop in the worldLemons ranked third among the citrus industry in the worldwith a total annual production of about 9 in the citrusproduction [1] Lemons are cultivated in many countries allover the world (13861411 ton) and Turkey ranked the sixth inthe production of lemon (790211 ton) in 2011 [2]

The lemon (Citrus limon (L) Burm f) has many import-ant natural chemical components including citric acid ascor-bic acid minerals and flavonoids Although their health-related properties have always been associatedwith their con-tent of vitamin C it has recently been shown that flavonoidsalso play a role in this respect Lemon fruits not only havetheir delicious flavors but also have their antioxidant capacitywith health benefits [3ndash6]

Lemons are usually earmarked for fresh consumption andfor the elaboration of juices additives and various other pro-cessed products New alternatives for beverages elaborationmay result in a promising use of surplus production [7]Lemon juice is widely used as an antioxidant natural substi-tute for the synthetic ascorbic or citric acids (E300 and E330resp) [8] Clarified lemon juice is a suitable acidifying agent

that can substitute citric acid and provide more ldquonaturalrdquoproducts that will fit the new market for ecological productsand new alternatives to the manufacturing of lemon [9]Clarified lemon juice can be consumed directly such as fruitjuice and also used for production of nectar jam marmaladeand sweet lemon sauce in ready to eat meal sector candyalcoholic beverages and acidity regulator in fruit juice andhas recently been used as fillings in canned fruits Saura et al[9ndash11] reported that use of lemon juice as a substitute for citricacid in canned fruit for example peach halves will yield aldquonaturalrdquo product for the new market of ecological products

The traditional method of clarification of juice whichcontains pectin involves a number of steps including cen-trifugation to remove suspended solid hydrolysis of pectinwith specific enzymes (depectinization) flocculation of tur-bidity with clarifying agents and finally filtration by thediatomaceous earth to remove the fining agents [12]

Fruit juices contain colloids that are mainly polysaccha-rides (pectin cellulose hemicellulose lignin and starch)protein tannin and metals The principal purpose of theclarification process employed in industrial juice processingis to eliminate constituents responsible for the turbidity andcloudiness in freshly produced juice The key of producing

Hindawi Publishing CorporationJournal of Food ProcessingVolume 2014 Article ID 215854 14 pageshttpdxdoiorg1011552014215854

2 Journal of Food Processing

clear and stable fruit juice is a complete enzymatic breakdownof pectin Pectins make the clarification process harderbecause of their fiber-like molecular structure Enzymes(particularly pectinases) can play a key role in improvingjuice clarity and stability as well as reducing the viscosityTheprocess of depectinization involves the use of commercialenzymes generally a blend of pectinases (eg pectinasepectinesterase polygalacturonase cellulase and pectin lyase)to degrade pectic substances These enzymes degrade pectininto smaller units Pectinase hydrolyzes pectin and causespectin-protein complexes to flocculate Polygalacturonasedepolymerises the polygalacturonic acid chain via breakingdown a-14 glycosidic bond while pectin lyase depolymerisesthe high esterified (approx 65 plusmn 98) pectin pectin esterasehydrolyses the methoxy group of the pectin chain Theresulting juice from this pectinase treatment will have amuchlower amount of pectin and lower viscosity which will beadvantageous in facilitating the subsequent filtration pro-cesses [13]

Clarification is an important processing step used by thelemon juice industry Clarification is necessary in order toobtain a bright clear product with low viscosity Clarificationof juice involves the use of bentonite gelatin and silica solas fining agents These three components bentonite gelatinand silica sol have successfully been applied for an efficientclarification

Viscosity is one of themost important physical propertiesof a fluid system [14] Viscosity cloud stability and other foodproperties are affected by the impact of pectic enzymes par-ticularly pectinmethylesterase (PME) a ubiquitous enzymein plants that deesterifies the methoxylated pectin in theplant cell wall PME is released into juice during extractionPME hydrolyses ester bonds of pectin in citrus juices result-ing in decreased cloud stability [15] Pectin is responsible forthe turbidity and consistency of the juice causing an increasein its viscosity which hinders its clarification filtration andconcentration [16]

The aim of this research was to replace citric acid withnatural lemon juice an acidifier perceived by the consumersas a more natural or ecological additive In this study lemonjuice obtained from Interdonato variety was treated withthree different enzymes (Rapidase Intense Novoferm 61and Novozym 33095) and three enzyme concentrations asdepectinization processes to produce clear lemon juice andconcentrates In addition according to the data obtainedin laboratory conditions the most appropriate process wascarried out in production lines of fruit juice plant (AnadoluEtap Inc) in our region (Cukurova Turkey) In this plantclarified lemon juice was produced Effects of the processingsteps on some quality parameters were investigated duringthe lemon juice production and the obtained concentrateswere stored at minus25∘C for 180 days

2 Materials and Methods

21 Production of Clarified Lemon Juices in Laboratory Scale

211 Juice Processing Lemons (Interdonato) were purchasedfrom a local market (Adana Turkey) and were washed

Lemon

Washing

Extraction

Pulp removal

Pasteurization

Treatment with enzyme

Clarification

Filtration

Concentration

Storage

Figure 1 Production of clear lemon juice

with tap water to remove surface dirt The lemon juicewas extracted by a citrus extractor machine (Can CanCitrus Extractor Machine Turkey) and then rapidly strainedthrough a stainless steel sieve with pore diameter of 3mmto accomplish separation of most of the suspended matterfrom lemon juice The lemon juice was pasteurized at 75∘Cfor 15 s and enzymatically treated with pectolytic enzymepreparation at 35∘C

212 Enzymatic Treatment of Lemon Juice In this studyfor the production of clear lemon juice (Figure 1) enzymesobtained from different companies Rapidase Intense (DSMFood Specialties Beverage Ingredients The Netherlands)Novoferm 61 and Novozym 33095 (Novozyms BagsvaerdDenmark) were used The enzymes were treated in a lab-oratory scale stainless steel tank at 35 plusmn 2∘C and stirredwith constant velocity (65 revmin) Each of the enzymeswas added to the tank at a concentration of 10 120583L100mL20120583L100mL and 40 120583L100mL (100 200 and 400mLtonresp) Pectolytic enzyme preparations were used to breakdown dissolved pectin in raw lemon juice Breaking downdissolved pectin by pectolytic enzyme preparation providesbetter clarification for the production of clear fruit juice byreleasing protein molecules attached to pectin moleculesBreakdown of pectin was observed with alcohol test in 15-minute intervals Following enzymatic treatment the nextstep was applied to the lemon juice clarification process

213 Clarification of Lemon Juice After reaching each incu-bation time (35∘C 15minndash165min) the enzyme treatedlemon juices were immediately heated at 50∘C Bentonitegelatin and kieselsol having negative positive and negativecharges respectively were added to lemon juice for clarifi-cation Bentonite (SIHA-Puranit UF) gelatin (SIHA-Gelatin

Journal of Food Processing 3

Fine Granules type A 80ndash100 bloom) and kieselsol (Levasil200 SiO

2 30 Food Grade) were supplied by Targıd Inc

(Turkey) Preliminary experiments were carried out for theamounts of bentonite (5) gelatin (1) and kieselsol (Levasil20030) which were determined as 35 Lton 2 Lton and2 Lton lemon juice respectively The lemon juice was incu-bated (35∘C) for 2 hours by mixing 5 d (110 revmin) Initiallyto ensure homogeneous distribution the fining agents werestirred and then were incubated for aggregation withoutstirring

The clarification of the lemon juice was carried out usinglaboratory scale filtration unit with filter paper plate (Minifil-troF6 200 times 200mm Enotecnica Pillan Snc Italy) Clarifiedlemon juices were concentrated in a rotary evaporator undervacuum (Heidolph Basic Eei-VAP HL Germany) at 60∘CThe clarified juice was concentrated using a rotary vacuumevaporator until it reached about 45∘ brix Each experimentwas carried out in three replications Samples of concentrateclear lemon juice were stored at minus25∘C for 180 days in brownbottles and were analyzed in two-month intervals

214 Production of Lemon Juice in Fruit Juice Plant As aresult of the data obtained from laboratory results consider-ing both amount of enzymes used and enzymation time thebest appropriate enzymation conditions were carried out inproduction lines of fruit juice plant (Anadolu Etap Inc) inour region (Cukurova Turkey) In this plant clarified lemonjuice was produced by using Novozym 33095 (200mLton(20120583L100mL)) at 35∘C Enzymation was carried out in a 6-ton tank for 30min Clarification fining agents were added inamounts of bentonite (5) gelatin (1) and kieselsol (Levasil20030) which were determined as 35 Lton 2 Lton and2 Lton lemon juice respectively

In the production of clear lemon juice concentrate theproduction stages were extraction pulp removing pasteur-ization enzymation clarification filtration (rotary vacuumfilter kieselguhr filter and paper filter) and evaporation(TASTE evaporator 95∘C 700mmHg under vacuum)respectively Samples from production stages were takenthree times All concentrate samples were stored at minus25∘C for180 days in brown bottles and were analyzed in two-monthintervals

Lemon juice concentrates (concentrate samples werediluted to 9∘ brix and then analyses were made) producedin the laboratory and in the factory were subjected to thefollowing analyses

22 Determination of Turbidity The turbidity of the clarifiedlemon juices was determined using a portable turbidimeter(WTW Turb550 Germany) and results were reported innephelometric turbidity units (NTU)

23 Determination of Viscosity The viscosity of clarifiedlemon juices was determined using a Brookfield viscometer(Model DV-II+Pro Brookfield Engineering Laboratory IncMiddleboro USA) at 100 rpm with spindle 62

24 Determination of Pectin Degradation (Alcohol Test)Alcohol test was used to verify pectin degradation after

enzyme treatmentThis test was used both for process controland for determining the optimum enzyme dosage Two176 volumes (10mL) of acidified ethanol (add 1mL of 37hydrochloric acid to 100mL of 96 177 ethanol) were addedto one volume (5mL) of lemon juice For each samplebreakdown of pectin was observed with alcohol test in 15-minute intervals [17]

25 Determination of Total Pectin Content Total pectin inthe clear lemon juice samples was determined according tothe method described by List et al [18] Standard graphicswere prepared as 10 20 30 40 50 60 and 70 120583gmL fromgalacturonic acid anhydride

26 Determination of PME Activity PME activity of thesample was carried out by modifying the method of Kimball[19] For the measurement of PME activity 10mL of lemonjuice was mixed with 20mL of 1 pectin-salt substrate (01MNaCl) and incubated at 30∘C during analysis The solutionwas adjusted to pH 70 with 20 N NaOH and then the pHof solution was readjusted to pH 77 with 005 NNaOH Afterthe pH reached 77 010mL of 005 NNaOHwas added Timewas measured (1199051015840) until pH of the solution regained pH of 77PME activity () was calculated by the following formulaswhere (1199051015840) is time in min 119860

0is PME activity of the untreated

sample which was determined immediately after processingto avoid the effects of storage time and 119860

119905is PME activity

after the treatments PME activity (119860) was calculated by thefollowing equation

119860 =

(005119873 minusNaOH) sdot (010mL minusNaOH)(119905

1015840

) (10 minusmL sample)

Residual PME Activity () = (119860

119905

119860

0

) 100

(1)

3 Results and Discussion

31 Pectin Degradation in Lemon Juices Pectin degradationwas observed during depectinization with the alcohol test in15-minute intervals In figures (Figures 2 3 and 4) belongingto enzymation (+) sign means that enzymation is still inprogress (o) sign means enzymation is undecided case and(minus) sign means enzymation is over

Rapidase Intense In enzyme applications in the samples of10 120583L100mL concentrations undecided case started at theend of 120 minutes and at the end of 135 minutes negativeresults were obtained In the samples of 20 120583L100mL con-centration undecided case started at the end of 60 minutesand negative results were obtained at the end of 75minutes Inthe samples of 40 120583L100mL concentration undecided casestarted at the end of 30 minutes and negative results wereobtained at the end of 45 minutes (Figure 2)

Novoferm 61 In enzyme applications in the samples of10 120583L100mL concentrations undecided case started at theend of 150 minutes and at the end of 165 minutes negativeresults were obtained In the samples of 20 120583L100mL con-centration undecided case started at the end of 60 minutes


minus minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+ +

o

o

o135

120

105

90

75

60

45

30

15

0

0 10 20 40

Tim

e (m

in)

Concentration (120583L100mL)

Figure 2 Rapidase Intense enzyme application (enzymation is stillin progress (+) undecided case (o) and over (minus))

minus minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

o

oo

165

150

135

120

105

90

75

60

45

30

15

0

0 10 20 40

Tim

e (m

in)


Figure 3 Novoferm 61 enzyme application (enzymation is still inprogress (+) undecided case (o) and over (minus))

and negative results were obtained at the end of 75minutes Inthe samples of 40 120583L100mL concentration undecided casestarted at the end of 45 minutes and negative results wereobtained at the end of 60 minutes (Figure 3)

Novozym 33095 In enzyme application in the test resultsof 10 120583L100mL concentrations undecided case started atthe end of 60 minutes and at the end of 75 minutes nega-tive results were obtained In the samples of 20120583L100mLconcentration negative results were obtained at the end of30 minutes In the samples of 40 120583L100mL concentrationnegative results were obtained at the end of 15 minutes(Figure 4)

According to the findings obtained from pectin degra-dation Novozym 33095 degraded the pectin in lemon mostquickly The highest concentration of this enzyme achievedpectin degradation in less than 15 minutes Novozym 33095was determined as themost effective enzyme for depectiniza-tion followed by Novoferm 61 and Rapidase Intense Whenselecting an enzyme for depectinization in fruit juice indus-try economic as well as rapid activity should be requiredWhen enzymation occurs slowly important quality losses canbe brought about due to oxidation and unwanted fermen-tation For this reason fruit juice companies are obliged todetermine enzyme and dosage between pectin degradation

minus minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

+

+

+ +

o

75

60

45

30

15

0

0 10 20 40

Tim

e (m

in)


Figure 4 Novozym 33095 enzyme application (enzymation is stillin progress (+) undecided case (o) and over (minus))

speed of enzyme and economy of the enzyme which willprovide a balance without compromising on quality

32 Total Pectin Contents of Lemon Juices As shown inTable 1 after extraction total pectin contents of lemon juicesranged from 11645 to 12177 GA-AH mgL For each ofthe three enzyme applications after pulp separation processreductions of total pectin contents were found statisticallysignificant (119875 lt 001) Amount of total pectin contents afterpulp separation process ranged from 10364 to 10615 GA-AH mgL Reduction of total pectin contents was consideredto be expected because of using a 3mm stainless steel sievein pulp separation process Increases were determined intotal pectin content with pasteurization But changes oftotal pectin contents were found statistically insignificantbetween the pulp separation and pasteurization treatmentsDemirdoven and Baysal [20] studied optimization of ohmicheating applications for pectinmethylesterase inactivation inorange juice and found 4103 plusmn 11 GA-AH mgL pectincontent at 95∘C for 60 s application In our examples similarslight increases were determined with pasteurization Afterthe enzyme treatment total pectin contents decreased rapidlyand were determined to be 300ndash1580 GA-AH mgL forRapidase 938ndash2917 GA-AH for Novoferm and 61mgLand 000-000 GA-AH mgL for Novozym 33095 It wasthought that all of the enzymes at this stage resulted in theexpected performance Novozym 33095 degraded pectin inlemon juice better than the other two enzymes Increasingthe enzyme concentration caused more decrease in totalpectin contents Pectin was not determined in clarificationand filtration stages for the different concentrations of thethree enzymes

In the factory total pectin content of clear lemon juiceproduced by Novozym 33095 was determined to be 13213GA-AHmgL in extraction stage 8052 GA-AHmgL in pulpseparation stage and 6862 GA-AH mgL in pasteurizationstage A decrease in the total pectin content in the pulpseparation stage was higher than in laboratory productionwhich could be related to a more effective pulp separationprocess with the three-stage finisher systems that the factoryused Decreasing the total pectin content in pasteurizationstage was found to be statistically significant (119875 lt 001)


Table1To

talp

ectin

contento

flem

onjuices

(GA-AHmgL)

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n11874plusmn378

a11874plusmn378

a11874plusmn378

a12177plusmn664

a12177plusmn664

a12177plusmn664

a11645plusmn977

a11645plusmn977

a11645plusmn977

a13213plusmn309

a

Pulpremoval10364plusmn429

b10364plusmn429

b10364plusmn429

b10473plusmn424

b10473plusmn424

b10473plusmn424

b10615plusmn533

b10615plusmn533

b10615plusmn533

b8052plusmn592

b

Paste

urization10753plusmn105

b10753plusmn105

b10753plusmn105

b10570plusmn119

b10570plusmn119

b10570plusmn119

b10066plusmn198

b10066plusmn198

b10066plusmn198

b6862plusmn137

c

Enzymation

1380plusmn19

5cA

584plusmn13

6cB

300plusmn076

dB2917plusmn404

cA1521plusmn

065

cB93

8plusmn039

cC000

c000

c000

c000

d

Clarificatio

n000

d000

d000

d000

d000

d000

d000

c000

c000

c000

d

Rotary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash000

d

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash000

d

Paperfi

lter

000

d000

d000

d000

d000

d000

d000

c000

c000

c000

d

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow

thedifferencebetweenthestages

ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow

thedifferencebetweenenzymeconcentrations

fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)im

portance


Total pectin was not determined in the enzyme treatmentuntil the end of paper filter stage 20120583L100mL concentrationof Novozym 33095 used in the plant was also carried outsuccessfully in the depectinization and clarification processes(Table 1)

Both clear lemon juice concentrates were produced inlaboratory and in factory Total pectin analyses were carriedout every two months during the 180-day storage but pectinwas not determined

Wang et al [21] studied quantitation of bioactive com-pounds in citrus fruits cultivated in Taiwan and determinedtotal pectin and water-soluble pectin in the edible portions oflemon and found 606 plusmn 267 (mgg db) total pectin contentand 312 plusmn 107 (mgg db) water-soluble pectin contentrespectively

33 Viscosity Values of Lemon Juices As shown in Table 2viscosity values after extraction of lemon juices ranged from2690 to 2922 cP in laboratory production After pulp sepa-ration decreasing the viscosity for each of the three enzymeapplications was determined to be statistically significant(119875 lt 001) After pulp separation values of viscosity rangedfrom 2130 to 2589 cP Rough particles of pulp (membraneparticles of segment particles of the central axis sacs and par-ticles and particles detached from kernel and albedo) wereremoved using 3 mm stainless steel sieve in pulp separationprocess so values of viscosity decreased Value of viscosity inthe samples of 40 120583L100mL concentration decreased morethan the other concentrations at the depectinization stage Atthis stage viscosity values of changes in Rapidase Intense andNovoferm 61 application were found statistically significantin different enzyme concentrations (119875 lt 001) The largestdecrease in the viscosity values was determined in filtrationwith removal of elements of turbidity as expected (119875 lt 001)Viscosity values of clear lemon juices in filtration rangedfrom 1510 to 1744 cP at laboratory production Upon enzymetreatment degradation of pectin leads to a reduction ofwater holding capacity Free water is released to the systemand hence the viscosity of the juice is reduced Thereforeto enhance filtration process performance fruit juices areusually pretreated with enzyme before filtration for thepurpose of hydrolysing soluble polysaccharides responsiblefor high viscosity [22 23]

Viscosity values of lemon juice samples in factory pro-duction are shown in Table 2 Viscosity values in factorywere much lower than our laboratory production at the pulpseparation stage because plant has a more effective pulp sep-aration system than our sieve After the pasteurization stagechanging of viscosity was found insignificant In the output ofpaper filter viscosity value was decreased to 16 cP Sanchez-Moreno et al [24] reported that viscosity value of freshorange juices was found to be 2778 cp and that of pasteurized(90∘C1min) orange juices was found to be 1793 cP Esteve etal [25] investigated the effect of storage period under variableconditions on the chemical and physical composition andcolor of Spanish refrigerated orange juices They reportedviscosity values ranging from 243 to 313mPas

Viscosity values of clear lemon juice concentrates at labo-ratory production were determined and the numbers ranged

from 3310 to 3587 cP during storage (Table 3) Viscosityvalues of clear lemon juice concentrates ranged from 3210to 3340 cP in factory production In both laboratory andfactory production changes in viscosity value of concentratesamples were determined to be statistically insignificantduring storage Also in lemon juice concentrates producedin the laboratory using different enzymes concentrationsin each storage period of the changes were not statisticallysignificant

34 Turbidity Values of Lemon Juice Turbidity values ofclear lemon juice are given in Table 4 After the extractionstage NTU values of lemon juices ranged from 107505 to104115 in laboratory production There was no significantchange from extraction process to enzymation process inNTU values After the clarification stage NTU values werefound to decrease significantly (119875 lt 001) and ranged from975 to 2307 Values of NTU at clarification stage were higherthan the filtration stage due to addition of fining agents Afterthe filtration stage NTU values were again decreased andranged between 028 and 036 NTU values of filter exampleswere determined to be 028ndash032 by using Rapidase Intense029ndash035 by using Novoferm 61 and 031ndash036 by usingNovozym 33095 (Table 4)

NTU values of clear lemon juice treated with Novozym33095 (20120583L100mL) produced in the factory ranged from733 to 105167 from extraction stage to clarification stageIn factory after addition of fining agents lemon juice wasgiven direct rotary vacuum filter without holding in clar-ification stage Therefore the NTU value in clarificationstage increased Value of NTU was measured to be 1060257 and 001 at end of rotary vacuum filter kieselguhr andpaper filter respectively NTU values produced in the factorywere determined to be lower than those produced in thelaboratory The three-stage filtration was thought to lead tosuch a result

NTU values of all samples of clear lemon juice concen-trates were increased at the storage and this increase wasfound statistically significant (119875 lt 001 119875 lt 005)

NTU values of clear lemon juice concentrates rangedfrom 021 to 058 by applying Rapidase Intense ranged from029 to 066 by applying Novoferm 61 and ranged from 018to 051 by applying Novozym 33095 (Table 5) The lowestNTU values were found to be 40 120583L100mL in Novozym33095 application Although NTU values of clear lemonjuice samples produced in our study were increased withconcentration and storage NTU value was determined to beless than reported 00-10 bright clear and crystal clear juiceAlso NTU value of diluted concentrate is unaccepted morethan 20 at international trade of apple juice concentrate [26ndash28]

35 PMEActivity Values of Lemon Juice Residual PME activ-ity of lemon juices after the pulp separation was determinedto decrease between 8177 and 8815 (Table 6) ResidualPME activity of each of the three enzymes and their con-centrations together with production stages was observed todecreaseThedifference between the stages of productionwasfound to be statistically significant (119875 lt 001) Enzymatic


Table2Pectinmethyleste

rase

activ

ityvalues

oflemon

juices

()

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

Pulpremoval

8587plusmn19

2b8587plusmn19

2b8587plusmn19

2b8177plusmn679

b8177plusmn679

b8177plusmn679

b8815plusmn76

6b8815plusmn76

6b8815plusmn76

6b99

5plusmn424

b

Paste

urization

1564plusmn15

8c1564plusmn15

8c1564plusmn15

8c1425plusmn12

5cd

1425plusmn12

5c1425plusmn12

5c1309plusmn264

c1309plusmn264

c1309plusmn264

c16

1plusmn008

c

Enzymation

944plusmn439

dA92

3plusmn084

dA1007plusmn15

8dA

1791plusmn483

cA1553plusmn118c

A1516plusmn17

5cA

1001plusmn

123c

A95

3plusmn061

cA816plusmn14

2cdA

179plusmn025

c

Clarificatio

n813plusmn13

9dA

955plusmn331

dA682plusmn038

eA1307plusmn034

cdA

1009plusmn391

cA735plusmn214

dA92

1plusmn14

1cA819plusmn061

cA718plusmn081

cdA

152plusmn027

c

Rotary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash219plusmn013

c

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash202plusmn019

c

Paperfi

lter

806plusmn10

4dA

746plusmn18

5dA

529plusmn081

eA92

2plusmn15

8dA

980plusmn521

cA682plusmn008

dA76

5plusmn071

cA805plusmn074

cA609plusmn026

eA18

5plusmn024

c

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)impo

rtance



rase

activ

ityvalues

oflemon

juicec

oncentrates()

Storage

Rapidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)30th

day

098plusmn037

bA042plusmn001

aA076plusmn007

aA113plusmn012

abA

050plusmn000

aB049plusmn000

aBmdash

mdashmdash

039plusmn002

a

60th

day

045plusmn004

cA044plusmn001

aA068plusmn022

aA169plusmn081

aAlowast

042plusmn002

aBlowast

052plusmn002

aBlowast

mdashmdash

mdash032plusmn004

b

90th

day

142plusmn009

aA019plusmn001

bC075plusmn008

aB068plusmn014

bcA

056plusmn003

aA049plusmn001

aAmdash

mdashmdash

041plusmn004

a

180thday

041plusmn002

cA014plusmn000

cC021plusmn002

bB030plusmn003

cBlowast

069plusmn026

aAlowast

029plusmn004

bBlowast

mdashmdash

mdash028plusmn001

b

Smallletterson

thes

amec

olum

nshow

thed

ifference

betweenthes

torage

perio

dsupp

ercasedlette

rsin

thes

amer

owshow

thed

ifference

betweenenzymec

oncentratio

nsfore

achenzymeTh

edifference

between

storage

perio

dsandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)a

ndlowast

005

(119875lt005)impo

rtance


Table4Viscosity

values

oflemon

juices

(cP)

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n2790plusmn16

5a2790plusmn16

5a2790plusmn16

5a2922plusmn290

a2922plusmn290

a2922plusmn290

a2690plusmn427

a2690plusmn427

a2690plusmn427

a3376plusmn13

5aPu

lpremoval

2130plusmn233

b2130plusmn233

b2130plusmn233

b2589plusmn13

5b2589plusmn13

5b2589plusmn13

5b2240plusmn233

b2240plusmn233

b2240plusmn233

ab2120plusmn259

b

Paste

urization

2133plusmn032

b2133plusmn032

b2133plusmn032

b2220plusmn052

c2220plusmn052

c2220plusmn052

c2287plusmn032

b2287plusmn032

b2287plusmn032

ab1600plusmn060

c

Enzymation

2110plusmn14

5bB

2290plusmn047

bA2080plusmn295

bB2207plusmn042

cA1930plusmn288

cAB

1737plusmn095

deB

2217plusmn14

5bA

2230plusmn047

bA2070plusmn295

bcA

1740plusmn075

c

Clarificatio

n2010plusmn115b

A2180plusmn030

bA2060plusmn375

bA2160plusmn030

cA1943plusmn021

cB1787plusmn075

dC2150plusmn115b

A2233plusmn030

bA2050plusmn375

bcA

1820plusmn12

5cRo

tary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash1750plusmn036

c

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash1747plusmn023

c

Paperfi

lter

1608plusmn092

cA1744plusmn035

cA1648plusmn075

cA1670plusmn096

dA1510plusmn096

dA1520plusmn046

eA1720plusmn092

cA1630plusmn035

cA1670plusmn075

cA1630plusmn13

1c

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)impo

rtance


Table5Viscosity

values

oflemon

juicec

oncentrates(cP)

Storage

Rapidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)30th

day

3456plusmn10

6aA

3470plusmn036

aA3587plusmn249

aA3580plusmn14

8aA

3560plusmn204

aA3373plusmn068

aA3310plusmn221

aA3480plusmn15

9aA

3500plusmn227

aA3340plusmn082

a

60th

day

3402plusmn041

aA3425plusmn016

aA3400plusmn010

aA3369plusmn039

aA3428plusmn035

aA3432plusmn021

aA3389plusmn025

aA3384plusmn025

aA3463plusmn063

aA3273plusmn050

a

90th

day

3368plusmn046

aA3470plusmn028

aA3377plusmn020

aA3522plusmn069

aA3434plusmn055

aA3404plusmn040

aA3336plusmn033

aA3387plusmn073

aA3442plusmn090

aA3210plusmn079

a

180thday

3405plusmn027

aA3450plusmn018

aA3525plusmn110a

A3488plusmn050

aA3410plusmn042

aA3389plusmn061

aA3351plusmn

038

aA3436plusmn070

aA3352plusmn020

aA3333plusmn10

0a

Smallletterson

thes

amec

olum

nshow

thed

ifference

betweenthes

torage

perio

dsupp

ercasedlette

rsin

thes

amer

owshow

thed

ifference

betweenenzymec

oncentratio

nsfore

achenzymeTh

edifference

between

storage

perio

dsandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)


Table6Tu

rbidity

values

oflemon

juices

(NTU

)

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n104745plusmn2236a

104745plusmn2236a

b104745plusmn2236a

104115plusmn1273a

104115plusmn1273a

b104115plusmn1273a

107505plusmn6998a

107505plusmn6998a

107505plusmn6998a

73300plusmn6976

c

Pulpremoval

104338plusmn3097a

104338plusmn3097a

b104338plusmn3097a

107451plusmn

2928a

107451plusmn

2928a

107451plusmn

2928a

101537plusmn3296a

101537plusmn3296a

101537plusmn3296a

9190

0plusmn3569b

Paste

urization

102187plusmn6686a

102187plusmn6686b

102187plusmn6686a

103867plusmn5684a

103867plusmn5684a

b103867plusmn5684a

107732plusmn6792a

107732plusmn6792a

107732plusmn6792a

100000plusmn000

a

Enzymation

105983plusmn6080a

A108588plusmn1222a

A104521plusmn

6228a

A102998plusmn1121aA

101812plusmn215

bA1040

96plusmn4327a

A102735plusmn1550a

A10526plusmn3307a

A99302plusmn4730a

A100233plusmn1365a

Clarificatio

n2307plusmn77

1bA

1447plusmn323

cA1763plusmn387

bA1870plusmn13

3bA

1835plusmn220

cA1535plusmn529

bA97

5plusmn243

bA1060plusmn020

bA1124plusmn073

bA105167plusmn44

88a

Rotary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash1060plusmn020

d

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash257plusmn004

d

Paperfi

lter

032plusmn009

bA029plusmn004

cA028plusmn005

bA035plusmn003

bA035plusmn004

cA029plusmn010

bA036plusmn001

bA034plusmn002

bA031plusmn007

bA001plusmn001

d

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)impo

rtance


Table7Tu

rbidity

values

oflemon

juicec

oncentrates(NTU

)

Storage

Rapidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)30th

day

032plusmn011

bA025plusmn003

cA021plusmn003

cA035plusmn003

dA034plusmn005

cA029plusmn010

bA026plusmn003

cAlowast

021plusmn003

cABlowast018plusmn001

cBlowast

053plusmn007

c

60th

day

038plusmn014

bA036plusmn002

bA032plusmn003

bA046plusmn004

cAlowast

045plusmn004

bAlowast

031plusmn005

bBlowast

034plusmn003

bA040plusmn005

bA025plusmn002

bB064plusmn004

b

90th

day

047plusmn003

abA

039plusmn004

bA038plusmn006

bA057plusmn003

bAlowast

048plusmn007

abABlowast038plusmn006

abBlowast

044plusmn005

aA049plusmn002

aA032plusmn003

aB071plusmn003

ab

180thday

058plusmn006

aA054plusmn005

aA046plusmn003

aA066plusmn003

aA057plusmn002

aB047plusmn003

aC048plusmn004

aAlowast

051plusmn005

aAlowast

037plusmn005

aBlowast

073plusmn004

a

Smallletterson

thes

amec

olum

nshow

thed

ifference

betweenthes

torage

perio

dsupp

ercasedlette

rsin

thes

amer

owshow

thed

ifference

betweenenzymec

oncentratio

nsfore

achenzymeTh

edifference

between

storage

perio

dsandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)a

ndlowast

005

(119875lt005)impo

rtance


application in different concentrations of each enzyme andthe difference between residual PME activity at enzymationclarification and filtration stages were determined to beinsignificant After the filtration stages residual PME activityranged from 529 to 980 in laboratory In factory residualPMEactivitywas significantly decreased after pulp separationstage due to an effective pulp separation with three-stagefinisher system and was determined to be 995 Withpasteurization this value decreased to 161 Residual PMEactivity at end of paper filter was determined to be 185

According to the findings of the residual activity of PMEin both laboratory and factory productions an increasein residual PME activity was not observed at the enzymetreatment These findings indicated that there was not PMEactivity in enzyme solutions obtained from different manu-facturing companies In the case of PME an increase mighthave been expected but no increase was observed in theapplication of each of the enzymes in the enzyme treatment

Residual PME activity of clear lemon juice concentratesranged from 021 to 169 during storage (Table 7) PMEactivity of clear lemon juices decreased to significant lev-els together with the concentration process This can beexplained through heating load and changing with propor-tional increasing of acidity level during the concentrationprocess in isoelectric point of the lemon juice Enzymesare protein structures which quickly react to changes inisoelectric points in lemon juice

Changing of residual PME activity was found to be signif-icant (119875 lt 001) in Rapidase and Novoferm 61 applicationsduring storage But these changes were in small amountsAlthough residual PME activity analyses of concentratesobtained from Novozym 33095 application were done everytwo months during six-month storage residual PME activitywas not observed In concentrates of clear lemon juiceproduced in factory residual PME activity values rangedfrom028 to 041 andwere significantly (119875 lt 001) different

Pectinmethylesterase (PME) is an enzyme of majorimpact on orange juice processing because of its effecton clarification of orange juice or gelation of concentratedorange juice [19 29] Determination of residual PME activitylevel reveals important information about the stability of theproduct [30] Polydera et al [31] applied the heat treatmentto orange juice at 80∘C for 60 s and inactivated 95 of orangejuice PME It has been reported that enzymatic activity ofresidual PME is heat-resistant isoenzymes which were notinactivated even at higher temperatures PME is more ther-mally resistant than vegetative spoilage microorganisms [32]Sentandreu et al [33] reported that residual PME activity wasdetermined to be about 20 residual PME activity in heat-treated samples (mandarin and orange) at 75∘C for 5 10 and20 s and at 80∘C for 5 and 10 s Taking into considerationthe results of the sensory and residual enzyme analysis heattreatment at 85∘ for C 10 s was found to be an appropriateapplication

4 Conclusions

According to the findings obtained from pectin degrada-tion Novozym 33095 degraded the pectin in lemon most

quickly The highest concentration of this enzyme achievedpectin degradation in less than 15 minutes For each of thethree enzyme applications after pulp separation processreductions in the total pectin contents were observed Pectinwas not determined in clarification and filtration stages forthe different concentrations of the three enzymes For bothclear lemon juice concentrates produced in laboratory andin factory total pectin analyses were carried out every twomonths during 180-day storage but pectin was not deter-mined After pulp separation and filtration stages the largestdecrease in the viscosity values was determined at laboratoryproduction of clear lemon juice Values of viscosity weredetermined to display significant decrease in pulp separationand pasteurized samples NTU values of filter exampleswere determined to be 028ndash032 by using Rapidase Intense029ndash035 by using Novoferm 61 and 031ndash036 by usingNovozym 33095 NTU values of all samples of clear lemonjuice concentrate increased during storage NTU values ofclear lemon juice samples produced in our study increasedwith concentration and storage Residual PME activity ofeach of the three enzymes and their concentrations togetherwith production stages was observed to decrease At the endof filtration in 40 120583L100mL concentrations of each of thethree enzymes values of residual PME activity were found tobe in the lowest quantities PME activity of clear lemon juicesamples was determined to decrease together with storage Inclear lemon juice concentrates produced by using Novozym33095 residual PME activity was not observed

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper

Acknowledgment

This study was supported by The Scientific and Technolog-ical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (Project noTOVAG-110O786)

References

[1] Q Mu X Sun G Zhong X Wang C Song and J FangldquoEmployment of a new strategy for identification of lemonCitrus limon L cultivars using RAPDmarkersrdquoAfrican Journalof Agricultural Research vol 714 pp 2075ndash2082 2012

[2] Faostat ldquoFood and agriculture organization of the unitednations Food and agricultural commodities productionrdquo 2013httpfaostatfaoorgsite339defaultaspx

[3] V Shrivastava L Purwal and U K Jain ldquoIn vitro Pediculicidalactivity of juice of Citrus limonrdquo International Journal ofPharmTech Research vol 2 no 3 pp 1792ndash1795 2010

[4] C Dhuique-Mayer C Caris-Veyrat P Ollitrault F Curk andM-J Amiot ldquoVarietal and interspecific influence on micronu-trient contents in citrus from the mediterranean areardquo Journalof Agricultural and Food Chemistry vol 53 no 6 pp 2140ndash21452005

[5] L W Morton R A-A Caccetta I B Puddey and K DCroft ldquoChemistry and biological effects of dietary phenoliccompounds relevance to cardiovascular diseaserdquo Clinical and


Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology vol 27 no 3 pp152ndash159 2000

[6] N Pellegrini M Serafini B Colombi et al ldquoTotal antioxidantcapacity of plant foods beverages and oils consumed in Italyassessed by three different in vitro assaysrdquo Journal of Nutritionvol 133 no 9 pp 2812ndash2819 2003

[7] E Gonzalez-Molina A Girones-Vilaplana P Mena D AMoreno and C Garcia-Viguera ldquoNew beverages of lemon juicewith elderberry and grape concentrates as a source of bioactivecompoundsrdquo Journal of Food Science vol 77 pp 6727ndash67332012

[8] NMartı A Perez-Vicente andC Garcıa-Viguera ldquoInfluence ofstorage temperature and ascorbic acid addition on pomegranatejuicerdquo Journal of the Science of Food andAgriculture vol 822 pp217ndash221 2001

[9] D Saura N Marti M Valero E Gonzalez A Carbonell andJ Laencina ldquoSeparation of aromatics compounds during theclarification of lemon juice by cross-flow filtrationrdquo IndustrialCrops and Products vol 36 no 1 pp 543ndash548 2012

[10] D Saura J Laencina A J Perez-Lopez V Lizama and A ACarbonell-Barrachina ldquoAroma of canned peach halves acidifiedwith clarified lemon juicerdquo Journal of Food Science vol 68 no3 pp 1080ndash1085 2003

[11] D Saura N Martı J Laencina V Lizama and A A Carbonell-Barrachina ldquoSensory evaluation of canned peach halves acidi-fied with clarified lemon juicerdquo Journal of Food Science vol 69no 2 pp snq74ndashsnq78 2004

[12] P Rai and S De ldquoClarification of pectin-containing juice usingultrafiltrationrdquo Current Science vol 96 no 10 pp 1361ndash13712009

[13] A RNur lsquoaliaaM K SMazlina and F S Taip ldquoImpact of com-mercial pectolytic enzymes on selected properties of whitedragon fruit juicerdquo Journal of the Institution of Engineers vol714 pp 25ndash31 2010

[14] S G E Giap ldquoThe hidden property of arrhenius-type relation-ship viscosity as a function of temperaturerdquo Journal of PhysicalScience vol 211 pp 29ndash39 2010

[15] B K Tiwari K Muthukumarappan C P OrsquoDonnell and PJ Cullen ldquoInactivation kinetics of pectin methylesterase andcloud retention in sonicated orange juicerdquo Innovative FoodScience and Emerging Technologies vol 10 no 2 pp 166ndash1712009

[16] I Alkorta C Garbisu M J Llama and J L Serra ldquoIndustrialapplications of pectic enzymes a reviewrdquo Process Biochemistryvol 33 no 1 pp 21ndash28 1998

[17] F Will ldquoFruchtsaftkolloide einfluss auf die ultrafiltration undden alkoholtest Moglichkeiten zur Abreicherung in klarenSaftenrdquo Flussiges Obst vol 60 pp 360ndash364 1993

[18] D List S Buddruszlig and M Bodtke ldquoPectinbestimmung mitmeta-phenylphenolrdquo Zeitschrift Fur Lebensmittel-Untersuchungund Forschung vol 180 no 1 pp 48ndash52 1985

[19] D A Kimball ldquoCitrus processingrdquo in Quality Control andTechnology Van Nostrand Reinhold New York NY USA 1991

[20] A Demirdoven and T Baysal ldquoOptimization of ohmic heatingapplications for pectin methylesterase inactivation in orangejuicerdquo Journal of Food Science and Technology pp 1ndash10 2012

[21] Y C Wang Y C Chuang and Y H Ku ldquoQuantitation of bio-active compounds in citrus fruits cultivated in Taiwanrdquo FoodChemistry vol 102 no 4 pp 1163ndash1171 2007

[22] M Cheryan and J R Alvarez ldquoFood and beverage industryapplicationrdquo in Membrane Separation R D Noble and S AStern Eds 1995

[23] A G Liew Abdullah N M Sulaiman M K Aroua andM J Megat Mohd Noor ldquoResponse surface optimization ofconditions for clarification of carambola fruit juice using acommercial enzymerdquo Journal of Food Engineering vol 81 no1 pp 65ndash71 2007

[24] C Sanchez-Moreno L Plaza P Elez-Martınez B de Ancos OMartın-Belloso and M P Cano ldquoImpact of high pressure andpulsed electric fields on bioactive compounds and antioxidantactivity of orange juice in comparison with traditional thermalprocessingrdquo Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry vol 53no 11 pp 4403ndash4409 2005

[25] M J Esteve A Frıgola C Rodrigo and D Rodrigo ldquoEffect ofstorage period under variable conditions on the chemical andphysical composition and colour of Spanish refrigerated orangejuicesrdquo Food and Chemical Toxicology vol 43 no 9 pp 1413ndash1422 2005

[26] R Jung and T Jund ldquoFiltrationsarten zur filtration von fruch-tsaeftenmdashteil 1rdquo Flussiges Obst pp 343ndash347 1997

[27] S T D de Barros C M G Andrade E S Mendes and L PeresldquoStudy of fouling mechanism in pineapple juice clarification byultrafiltrationrdquo Journal ofMembrane Science vol 215 no 1-2 pp213ndash224 2003

[28] B Cemeroglu and F Karadeniz ldquoMeyve suyu uretim teknolo-jisirdquo in Meyve ve Sebze Isleme Teknolojisi B Cemeroglu Edvol 1 pp 297ndash661 Gıda Teknolojisi Dernegi Yayinlari AnkaraTurkiye 2004

[29] S Basak H S Ramaswamy and B K Simpson ldquoHigh pressureinactivation of pectin methyl esterase in orange juice usingcombination treatmentsrdquo Journal of Food Biochemistry vol 25no 6 pp 509ndash526 2001

[30] OKurita T Fujiwara andE Yamazaki ldquoCharacterization of thepectin extracted from citrus peel in the presence of citric acidrdquoCarbohydrate Polymers vol 74 no 3 pp 725ndash730 2008

[31] A C Polydera N G Stoforos and P S Taoukis ldquoThe effect ofstorage on the antioxidant activity of reconstituted orange juicewhich had been pasteurized by high pressure or heatrdquo Inter-national Journal of Food Science and Technology vol 39 no 7pp 783ndash791 2004

[32] C S Chen and M C Wu ldquoKinetic models for thermal inac-tivation of multiple pectinesterases in citrus juicesrdquo Journal ofFood Science vol 63 no 5 pp 747ndash750 1998

[33] E Sentandreu L Carboneil J V Carboneil and L IzquierdoldquoEffects of heat treatment conditions on fresh taste and onpectinmethylesterase activity of chilled mandarin and orangejuicesrdquo Food Science and Technology International vol 11 no 3pp 217ndash222 2005

Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Anatomy Research International

PeptidesInternational Journal of


Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom

International Journal of

Volume 2014

Zoology


Molecular Biology International

GenomicsInternational Journal of


The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014


BioinformaticsAdvances in

Marine BiologyJournal of



Signal TransductionJournal of


BioMed Research International

Evolutionary BiologyInternational Journal of



Biochemistry Research International

ArchaeaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014


Genetics Research International


Advances in

Virolog y

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom

Nucleic AcidsJournal of

Volume 2014

Stem CellsInternational



Enzyme Research



Microbiology


clear and stable fruit juice is a complete enzymatic breakdownof pectin Pectins make the clarification process harderbecause of their fiber-like molecular structure Enzymes(particularly pectinases) can play a key role in improvingjuice clarity and stability as well as reducing the viscosityTheprocess of depectinization involves the use of commercialenzymes generally a blend of pectinases (eg pectinasepectinesterase polygalacturonase cellulase and pectin lyase)to degrade pectic substances These enzymes degrade pectininto smaller units Pectinase hydrolyzes pectin and causespectin-protein complexes to flocculate Polygalacturonasedepolymerises the polygalacturonic acid chain via breakingdown a-14 glycosidic bond while pectin lyase depolymerisesthe high esterified (approx 65 plusmn 98) pectin pectin esterasehydrolyses the methoxy group of the pectin chain Theresulting juice from this pectinase treatment will have amuchlower amount of pectin and lower viscosity which will beadvantageous in facilitating the subsequent filtration pro-cesses [13]

Clarification is an important processing step used by thelemon juice industry Clarification is necessary in order toobtain a bright clear product with low viscosity Clarificationof juice involves the use of bentonite gelatin and silica solas fining agents These three components bentonite gelatinand silica sol have successfully been applied for an efficientclarification

Viscosity is one of themost important physical propertiesof a fluid system [14] Viscosity cloud stability and other foodproperties are affected by the impact of pectic enzymes par-ticularly pectinmethylesterase (PME) a ubiquitous enzymein plants that deesterifies the methoxylated pectin in theplant cell wall PME is released into juice during extractionPME hydrolyses ester bonds of pectin in citrus juices result-ing in decreased cloud stability [15] Pectin is responsible forthe turbidity and consistency of the juice causing an increasein its viscosity which hinders its clarification filtration andconcentration [16]

The aim of this research was to replace citric acid withnatural lemon juice an acidifier perceived by the consumersas a more natural or ecological additive In this study lemonjuice obtained from Interdonato variety was treated withthree different enzymes (Rapidase Intense Novoferm 61and Novozym 33095) and three enzyme concentrations asdepectinization processes to produce clear lemon juice andconcentrates In addition according to the data obtainedin laboratory conditions the most appropriate process wascarried out in production lines of fruit juice plant (AnadoluEtap Inc) in our region (Cukurova Turkey) In this plantclarified lemon juice was produced Effects of the processingsteps on some quality parameters were investigated duringthe lemon juice production and the obtained concentrateswere stored at minus25∘C for 180 days

2 Materials and Methods

21 Production of Clarified Lemon Juices in Laboratory Scale

211 Juice Processing Lemons (Interdonato) were purchasedfrom a local market (Adana Turkey) and were washed

Lemon

Washing

Extraction

Pulp removal

Pasteurization

Treatment with enzyme

Clarification

Filtration

Concentration

Storage

Figure 1 Production of clear lemon juice

with tap water to remove surface dirt The lemon juicewas extracted by a citrus extractor machine (Can CanCitrus Extractor Machine Turkey) and then rapidly strainedthrough a stainless steel sieve with pore diameter of 3mmto accomplish separation of most of the suspended matterfrom lemon juice The lemon juice was pasteurized at 75∘Cfor 15 s and enzymatically treated with pectolytic enzymepreparation at 35∘C

212 Enzymatic Treatment of Lemon Juice In this studyfor the production of clear lemon juice (Figure 1) enzymesobtained from different companies Rapidase Intense (DSMFood Specialties Beverage Ingredients The Netherlands)Novoferm 61 and Novozym 33095 (Novozyms BagsvaerdDenmark) were used The enzymes were treated in a lab-oratory scale stainless steel tank at 35 plusmn 2∘C and stirredwith constant velocity (65 revmin) Each of the enzymeswas added to the tank at a concentration of 10 120583L100mL20120583L100mL and 40 120583L100mL (100 200 and 400mLtonresp) Pectolytic enzyme preparations were used to breakdown dissolved pectin in raw lemon juice Breaking downdissolved pectin by pectolytic enzyme preparation providesbetter clarification for the production of clear fruit juice byreleasing protein molecules attached to pectin moleculesBreakdown of pectin was observed with alcohol test in 15-minute intervals Following enzymatic treatment the nextstep was applied to the lemon juice clarification process

213 Clarification of Lemon Juice After reaching each incu-bation time (35∘C 15minndash165min) the enzyme treatedlemon juices were immediately heated at 50∘C Bentonitegelatin and kieselsol having negative positive and negativecharges respectively were added to lemon juice for clarifi-cation Bentonite (SIHA-Puranit UF) gelatin (SIHA-Gelatin



















119860 =


1015840



119905

119860

0

) 100

(1)






minus minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+ +

o

o

o135

120

105

90

75

60

45

30

15

0

0 10 20 40

Tim

e (m

in)



minus minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

o

oo

165

150

135

120

105

90

75

60

45

30

15

0

0 10 20 40

Tim

e (m

in)






minus minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

+

+

+ +

o

75

60

45

30

15

0

0 10 20 40

Tim

e (m

in)







Table1To

talp

ectin

contento

flem

onjuices

(GA-AHmgL)

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n11874plusmn378

a11874plusmn378

a11874plusmn378

a12177plusmn664

a12177plusmn664

a12177plusmn664

a11645plusmn977

a11645plusmn977

a11645plusmn977

a13213plusmn309

a


b10364plusmn429

b10364plusmn429

b10473plusmn424

b10473plusmn424

b10473plusmn424

b10615plusmn533

b10615plusmn533

b10615plusmn533

b8052plusmn592

b

Paste


b10753plusmn105

b10753plusmn105

b10570plusmn119

b10570plusmn119

b10570plusmn119

b10066plusmn198

b10066plusmn198

b10066plusmn198

b6862plusmn137

c

Enzymation

1380plusmn19

5cA

584plusmn13

6cB

300plusmn076

dB2917plusmn404

cA1521plusmn

065

cB93

8plusmn039

cC000

c000

c000

c000

d

Clarificatio

n000

d000

d000

d000

d000

d000

d000

c000

c000

c000

d

Rotary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash000

d

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash000

d

Paperfi

lter

000

d000

d000

d000

d000

d000

d000

c000

c000

c000

d

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)im

portance
















rase

activ

ityvalues

oflemon

juices

()

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

Pulpremoval

8587plusmn19

2b8587plusmn19

2b8587plusmn19

2b8177plusmn679

b8177plusmn679

b8177plusmn679

b8815plusmn76

6b8815plusmn76

6b8815plusmn76

6b99

5plusmn424

b

Paste

urization

1564plusmn15

8c1564plusmn15

8c1564plusmn15

8c1425plusmn12

5cd

1425plusmn12

5c1425plusmn12

5c1309plusmn264

c1309plusmn264

c1309plusmn264

c16

1plusmn008

c

Enzymation

944plusmn439

dA92

3plusmn084

dA1007plusmn15

8dA

1791plusmn483

cA1553plusmn118c

A1516plusmn17

5cA

1001plusmn

123c

A95

3plusmn061

cA816plusmn14

2cdA

179plusmn025

c

Clarificatio

n813plusmn13

9dA

955plusmn331

dA682plusmn038

eA1307plusmn034

cdA

1009plusmn391

cA735plusmn214

dA92

1plusmn14

1cA819plusmn061

cA718plusmn081

cdA

152plusmn027

c

Rotary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash219plusmn013

c

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash202plusmn019

c

Paperfi

lter

806plusmn10

4dA

746plusmn18

5dA

529plusmn081

eA92

2plusmn15

8dA

980plusmn521

cA682plusmn008

dA76

5plusmn071

cA805plusmn074

cA609plusmn026

eA18

5plusmn024

c

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)impo

rtance



rase

activ

ityvalues

oflemon

juicec

oncentrates()

Storage

Rapidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)30th

day

098plusmn037

bA042plusmn001

aA076plusmn007

aA113plusmn012

abA

050plusmn000

aB049plusmn000

aBmdash

mdashmdash

039plusmn002

a

60th

day

045plusmn004

cA044plusmn001

aA068plusmn022

aA169plusmn081

aAlowast

042plusmn002

aBlowast

052plusmn002

aBlowast

mdashmdash

mdash032plusmn004

b

90th

day

142plusmn009

aA019plusmn001

bC075plusmn008

aB068plusmn014

bcA

056plusmn003

aA049plusmn001

aAmdash

mdashmdash

041plusmn004

a

180thday

041plusmn002

cA014plusmn000

cC021plusmn002

bB030plusmn003

cBlowast

069plusmn026

aAlowast

029plusmn004

bBlowast

mdashmdash

mdash028plusmn001

b

Smallletterson

thes

amec

olum

nshow

thed

ifference

betweenthes

torage

perio

dsupp

ercasedlette

rsin

thes

amer

owshow

thed

ifference

betweenenzymec

oncentratio

nsfore

achenzymeTh

edifference

between

storage

perio

dsandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)a

ndlowast

005

(119875lt005)impo

rtance


Table4Viscosity

values

oflemon

juices

(cP)

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n2790plusmn16

5a2790plusmn16

5a2790plusmn16

5a2922plusmn290

a2922plusmn290

a2922plusmn290

a2690plusmn427

a2690plusmn427

a2690plusmn427

a3376plusmn13

5aPu

lpremoval

2130plusmn233

b2130plusmn233

b2130plusmn233

b2589plusmn13

5b2589plusmn13

5b2589plusmn13

5b2240plusmn233

b2240plusmn233

b2240plusmn233

ab2120plusmn259

b

Paste

urization

2133plusmn032

b2133plusmn032

b2133plusmn032

b2220plusmn052

c2220plusmn052

c2220plusmn052

c2287plusmn032

b2287plusmn032

b2287plusmn032

ab1600plusmn060

c

Enzymation

2110plusmn14

5bB

2290plusmn047

bA2080plusmn295

bB2207plusmn042

cA1930plusmn288

cAB

1737plusmn095

deB

2217plusmn14

5bA

2230plusmn047

bA2070plusmn295

bcA

1740plusmn075

c

Clarificatio

n2010plusmn115b

A2180plusmn030

bA2060plusmn375

bA2160plusmn030

cA1943plusmn021

cB1787plusmn075

dC2150plusmn115b

A2233plusmn030

bA2050plusmn375

bcA

1820plusmn12

5cRo

tary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash1750plusmn036

c

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash1747plusmn023

c

Paperfi

lter

1608plusmn092

cA1744plusmn035

cA1648plusmn075

cA1670plusmn096

dA1510plusmn096

dA1520plusmn046

eA1720plusmn092

cA1630plusmn035

cA1670plusmn075

cA1630plusmn13

1c

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)impo

rtance


Table5Viscosity

values

oflemon

juicec

oncentrates(cP)

Storage

Rapidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)30th

day

3456plusmn10

6aA

3470plusmn036

aA3587plusmn249

aA3580plusmn14

8aA

3560plusmn204

aA3373plusmn068

aA3310plusmn221

aA3480plusmn15

9aA

3500plusmn227

aA3340plusmn082

a

60th

day

3402plusmn041

aA3425plusmn016

aA3400plusmn010

aA3369plusmn039

aA3428plusmn035

aA3432plusmn021

aA3389plusmn025

aA3384plusmn025

aA3463plusmn063

aA3273plusmn050

a

90th

day

3368plusmn046

aA3470plusmn028

aA3377plusmn020

aA3522plusmn069

aA3434plusmn055

aA3404plusmn040

aA3336plusmn033

aA3387plusmn073

aA3442plusmn090

aA3210plusmn079

a

180thday

3405plusmn027

aA3450plusmn018

aA3525plusmn110a

A3488plusmn050

aA3410plusmn042

aA3389plusmn061

aA3351plusmn

038

aA3436plusmn070

aA3352plusmn020

aA3333plusmn10

0a

Smallletterson

thes

amec

olum

nshow

thed

ifference

betweenthes

torage

perio

dsupp

ercasedlette

rsin

thes

amer

owshow

thed

ifference

betweenenzymec

oncentratio

nsfore

achenzymeTh

edifference

between

storage

perio

dsandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)


Table6Tu

rbidity

values

oflemon

juices

(NTU

)

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n104745plusmn2236a

104745plusmn2236a

b104745plusmn2236a

104115plusmn1273a

104115plusmn1273a

b104115plusmn1273a

107505plusmn6998a

107505plusmn6998a

107505plusmn6998a

73300plusmn6976

c

Pulpremoval

104338plusmn3097a

104338plusmn3097a

b104338plusmn3097a

107451plusmn

2928a

107451plusmn

2928a

107451plusmn

2928a

101537plusmn3296a

101537plusmn3296a

101537plusmn3296a

9190

0plusmn3569b

Paste

urization

102187plusmn6686a

102187plusmn6686b

102187plusmn6686a

103867plusmn5684a

103867plusmn5684a

b103867plusmn5684a

107732plusmn6792a

107732plusmn6792a

107732plusmn6792a

100000plusmn000

a

Enzymation

105983plusmn6080a

A108588plusmn1222a

A104521plusmn

6228a

A102998plusmn1121aA

101812plusmn215

bA1040

96plusmn4327a

A102735plusmn1550a

A10526plusmn3307a

A99302plusmn4730a

A100233plusmn1365a

Clarificatio

n2307plusmn77

1bA

1447plusmn323

cA1763plusmn387

bA1870plusmn13

3bA

1835plusmn220

cA1535plusmn529

bA97

5plusmn243

bA1060plusmn020

bA1124plusmn073

bA105167plusmn44

88a

Rotary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash1060plusmn020

d

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash257plusmn004

d

Paperfi

lter

032plusmn009

bA029plusmn004

cA028plusmn005

bA035plusmn003

bA035plusmn004

cA029plusmn010

bA036plusmn001

bA034plusmn002

bA031plusmn007

bA001plusmn001

d

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)impo

rtance


Table7Tu

rbidity

values

oflemon

juicec

oncentrates(NTU

)

Storage

Rapidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)30th

day

032plusmn011

bA025plusmn003

cA021plusmn003

cA035plusmn003

dA034plusmn005

cA029plusmn010

bA026plusmn003

cAlowast

021plusmn003


cBlowast

053plusmn007

c

60th

day

038plusmn014

bA036plusmn002

bA032plusmn003

bA046plusmn004

cAlowast

045plusmn004

bAlowast

031plusmn005

bBlowast

034plusmn003

bA040plusmn005

bA025plusmn002

bB064plusmn004

b

90th

day

047plusmn003

abA

039plusmn004

bA038plusmn006

bA057plusmn003

bAlowast

048plusmn007


abBlowast

044plusmn005

aA049plusmn002

aA032plusmn003

aB071plusmn003

ab

180thday

058plusmn006

aA054plusmn005

aA046plusmn003

aA066plusmn003

aA057plusmn002

aB047plusmn003

aC048plusmn004

aAlowast

051plusmn005

aAlowast

037plusmn005

aBlowast

073plusmn004

a

Smallletterson

thes

amec

olum

nshow

thed

ifference

betweenthes

torage

perio

dsupp

ercasedlette

rsin

thes

amer

owshow

thed

ifference

betweenenzymec

oncentratio

nsfore

achenzymeTh

edifference

between

storage

perio

dsandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)a

ndlowast

005

(119875lt005)impo

rtance







4 Conclusions





Acknowledgment


References











































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology



















119860 =


1015840



119905

119860

0

) 100

(1)






minus minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+ +

o

o

o135

120

105

90

75

60

45

30

15

0

0 10 20 40

Tim

e (m

in)



minus minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

o

oo

165

150

135

120

105

90

75

60

45

30

15

0

0 10 20 40

Tim

e (m

in)






minus minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

+

+

+ +

o

75

60

45

30

15

0

0 10 20 40

Tim

e (m

in)







Table1To

talp

ectin

contento

flem

onjuices

(GA-AHmgL)

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n11874plusmn378

a11874plusmn378

a11874plusmn378

a12177plusmn664

a12177plusmn664

a12177plusmn664

a11645plusmn977

a11645plusmn977

a11645plusmn977

a13213plusmn309

a


b10364plusmn429

b10364plusmn429

b10473plusmn424

b10473plusmn424

b10473plusmn424

b10615plusmn533

b10615plusmn533

b10615plusmn533

b8052plusmn592

b

Paste


b10753plusmn105

b10753plusmn105

b10570plusmn119

b10570plusmn119

b10570plusmn119

b10066plusmn198

b10066plusmn198

b10066plusmn198

b6862plusmn137

c

Enzymation

1380plusmn19

5cA

584plusmn13

6cB

300plusmn076

dB2917plusmn404

cA1521plusmn

065

cB93

8plusmn039

cC000

c000

c000

c000

d

Clarificatio

n000

d000

d000

d000

d000

d000

d000

c000

c000

c000

d

Rotary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash000

d

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash000

d

Paperfi

lter

000

d000

d000

d000

d000

d000

d000

c000

c000

c000

d

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)im

portance
















rase

activ

ityvalues

oflemon

juices

()

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

Pulpremoval

8587plusmn19

2b8587plusmn19

2b8587plusmn19

2b8177plusmn679

b8177plusmn679

b8177plusmn679

b8815plusmn76

6b8815plusmn76

6b8815plusmn76

6b99

5plusmn424

b

Paste

urization

1564plusmn15

8c1564plusmn15

8c1564plusmn15

8c1425plusmn12

5cd

1425plusmn12

5c1425plusmn12

5c1309plusmn264

c1309plusmn264

c1309plusmn264

c16

1plusmn008

c

Enzymation

944plusmn439

dA92

3plusmn084

dA1007plusmn15

8dA

1791plusmn483

cA1553plusmn118c

A1516plusmn17

5cA

1001plusmn

123c

A95

3plusmn061

cA816plusmn14

2cdA

179plusmn025

c

Clarificatio

n813plusmn13

9dA

955plusmn331

dA682plusmn038

eA1307plusmn034

cdA

1009plusmn391

cA735plusmn214

dA92

1plusmn14

1cA819plusmn061

cA718plusmn081

cdA

152plusmn027

c

Rotary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash219plusmn013

c

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash202plusmn019

c

Paperfi

lter

806plusmn10

4dA

746plusmn18

5dA

529plusmn081

eA92

2plusmn15

8dA

980plusmn521

cA682plusmn008

dA76

5plusmn071

cA805plusmn074

cA609plusmn026

eA18

5plusmn024

c

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)impo

rtance



rase

activ

ityvalues

oflemon

juicec

oncentrates()

Storage

Rapidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)30th

day

098plusmn037

bA042plusmn001

aA076plusmn007

aA113plusmn012

abA

050plusmn000

aB049plusmn000

aBmdash

mdashmdash

039plusmn002

a

60th

day

045plusmn004

cA044plusmn001

aA068plusmn022

aA169plusmn081

aAlowast

042plusmn002

aBlowast

052plusmn002

aBlowast

mdashmdash

mdash032plusmn004

b

90th

day

142plusmn009

aA019plusmn001

bC075plusmn008

aB068plusmn014

bcA

056plusmn003

aA049plusmn001

aAmdash

mdashmdash

041plusmn004

a

180thday

041plusmn002

cA014plusmn000

cC021plusmn002

bB030plusmn003

cBlowast

069plusmn026

aAlowast

029plusmn004

bBlowast

mdashmdash

mdash028plusmn001

b

Smallletterson

thes

amec

olum

nshow

thed

ifference

betweenthes

torage

perio

dsupp

ercasedlette

rsin

thes

amer

owshow

thed

ifference

betweenenzymec

oncentratio

nsfore

achenzymeTh

edifference

between

storage

perio

dsandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)a

ndlowast

005

(119875lt005)impo

rtance


Table4Viscosity

values

oflemon

juices

(cP)

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n2790plusmn16

5a2790plusmn16

5a2790plusmn16

5a2922plusmn290

a2922plusmn290

a2922plusmn290

a2690plusmn427

a2690plusmn427

a2690plusmn427

a3376plusmn13

5aPu

lpremoval

2130plusmn233

b2130plusmn233

b2130plusmn233

b2589plusmn13

5b2589plusmn13

5b2589plusmn13

5b2240plusmn233

b2240plusmn233

b2240plusmn233

ab2120plusmn259

b

Paste

urization

2133plusmn032

b2133plusmn032

b2133plusmn032

b2220plusmn052

c2220plusmn052

c2220plusmn052

c2287plusmn032

b2287plusmn032

b2287plusmn032

ab1600plusmn060

c

Enzymation

2110plusmn14

5bB

2290plusmn047

bA2080plusmn295

bB2207plusmn042

cA1930plusmn288

cAB

1737plusmn095

deB

2217plusmn14

5bA

2230plusmn047

bA2070plusmn295

bcA

1740plusmn075

c

Clarificatio

n2010plusmn115b

A2180plusmn030

bA2060plusmn375

bA2160plusmn030

cA1943plusmn021

cB1787plusmn075

dC2150plusmn115b

A2233plusmn030

bA2050plusmn375

bcA

1820plusmn12

5cRo

tary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash1750plusmn036

c

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash1747plusmn023

c

Paperfi

lter

1608plusmn092

cA1744plusmn035

cA1648plusmn075

cA1670plusmn096

dA1510plusmn096

dA1520plusmn046

eA1720plusmn092

cA1630plusmn035

cA1670plusmn075

cA1630plusmn13

1c

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)impo

rtance


Table5Viscosity

values

oflemon

juicec

oncentrates(cP)

Storage

Rapidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)30th

day

3456plusmn10

6aA

3470plusmn036

aA3587plusmn249

aA3580plusmn14

8aA

3560plusmn204

aA3373plusmn068

aA3310plusmn221

aA3480plusmn15

9aA

3500plusmn227

aA3340plusmn082

a

60th

day

3402plusmn041

aA3425plusmn016

aA3400plusmn010

aA3369plusmn039

aA3428plusmn035

aA3432plusmn021

aA3389plusmn025

aA3384plusmn025

aA3463plusmn063

aA3273plusmn050

a

90th

day

3368plusmn046

aA3470plusmn028

aA3377plusmn020

aA3522plusmn069

aA3434plusmn055

aA3404plusmn040

aA3336plusmn033

aA3387plusmn073

aA3442plusmn090

aA3210plusmn079

a

180thday

3405plusmn027

aA3450plusmn018

aA3525plusmn110a

A3488plusmn050

aA3410plusmn042

aA3389plusmn061

aA3351plusmn

038

aA3436plusmn070

aA3352plusmn020

aA3333plusmn10

0a

Smallletterson

thes

amec

olum

nshow

thed

ifference

betweenthes

torage

perio

dsupp

ercasedlette

rsin

thes

amer

owshow

thed

ifference

betweenenzymec

oncentratio

nsfore

achenzymeTh

edifference

between

storage

perio

dsandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)


Table6Tu

rbidity

values

oflemon

juices

(NTU

)

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n104745plusmn2236a

104745plusmn2236a

b104745plusmn2236a

104115plusmn1273a

104115plusmn1273a

b104115plusmn1273a

107505plusmn6998a

107505plusmn6998a

107505plusmn6998a

73300plusmn6976

c

Pulpremoval

104338plusmn3097a

104338plusmn3097a

b104338plusmn3097a

107451plusmn

2928a

107451plusmn

2928a

107451plusmn

2928a

101537plusmn3296a

101537plusmn3296a

101537plusmn3296a

9190

0plusmn3569b

Paste

urization

102187plusmn6686a

102187plusmn6686b

102187plusmn6686a

103867plusmn5684a

103867plusmn5684a

b103867plusmn5684a

107732plusmn6792a

107732plusmn6792a

107732plusmn6792a

100000plusmn000

a

Enzymation

105983plusmn6080a

A108588plusmn1222a

A104521plusmn

6228a

A102998plusmn1121aA

101812plusmn215

bA1040

96plusmn4327a

A102735plusmn1550a

A10526plusmn3307a

A99302plusmn4730a

A100233plusmn1365a

Clarificatio

n2307plusmn77

1bA

1447plusmn323

cA1763plusmn387

bA1870plusmn13

3bA

1835plusmn220

cA1535plusmn529

bA97

5plusmn243

bA1060plusmn020

bA1124plusmn073

bA105167plusmn44

88a

Rotary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash1060plusmn020

d

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash257plusmn004

d

Paperfi

lter

032plusmn009

bA029plusmn004

cA028plusmn005

bA035plusmn003

bA035plusmn004

cA029plusmn010

bA036plusmn001

bA034plusmn002

bA031plusmn007

bA001plusmn001

d

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)impo

rtance


Table7Tu

rbidity

values

oflemon

juicec

oncentrates(NTU

)

Storage

Rapidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)30th

day

032plusmn011

bA025plusmn003

cA021plusmn003

cA035plusmn003

dA034plusmn005

cA029plusmn010

bA026plusmn003

cAlowast

021plusmn003


cBlowast

053plusmn007

c

60th

day

038plusmn014

bA036plusmn002

bA032plusmn003

bA046plusmn004

cAlowast

045plusmn004

bAlowast

031plusmn005

bBlowast

034plusmn003

bA040plusmn005

bA025plusmn002

bB064plusmn004

b

90th

day

047plusmn003

abA

039plusmn004

bA038plusmn006

bA057plusmn003

bAlowast

048plusmn007


abBlowast

044plusmn005

aA049plusmn002

aA032plusmn003

aB071plusmn003

ab

180thday

058plusmn006

aA054plusmn005

aA046plusmn003

aA066plusmn003

aA057plusmn002

aB047plusmn003

aC048plusmn004

aAlowast

051plusmn005

aAlowast

037plusmn005

aBlowast

073plusmn004

a

Smallletterson

thes

amec

olum

nshow

thed

ifference

betweenthes

torage

perio

dsupp

ercasedlette

rsin

thes

amer

owshow

thed

ifference

betweenenzymec

oncentratio

nsfore

achenzymeTh

edifference

between

storage

perio

dsandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)a

ndlowast

005

(119875lt005)impo

rtance







4 Conclusions





Acknowledgment


References











































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology


minus minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+ +

o

o

o135

120

105

90

75

60

45

30

15

0

0 10 20 40

Tim

e (m

in)



minus minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

o

oo

165

150

135

120

105

90

75

60

45

30

15

0

0 10 20 40

Tim

e (m

in)






minus minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

+

+

+ +

o

75

60

45

30

15

0

0 10 20 40

Tim

e (m

in)







Table1To

talp

ectin

contento

flem

onjuices

(GA-AHmgL)

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n11874plusmn378

a11874plusmn378

a11874plusmn378

a12177plusmn664

a12177plusmn664

a12177plusmn664

a11645plusmn977

a11645plusmn977

a11645plusmn977

a13213plusmn309

a


b10364plusmn429

b10364plusmn429

b10473plusmn424

b10473plusmn424

b10473plusmn424

b10615plusmn533

b10615plusmn533

b10615plusmn533

b8052plusmn592

b

Paste


b10753plusmn105

b10753plusmn105

b10570plusmn119

b10570plusmn119

b10570plusmn119

b10066plusmn198

b10066plusmn198

b10066plusmn198

b6862plusmn137

c

Enzymation

1380plusmn19

5cA

584plusmn13

6cB

300plusmn076

dB2917plusmn404

cA1521plusmn

065

cB93

8plusmn039

cC000

c000

c000

c000

d

Clarificatio

n000

d000

d000

d000

d000

d000

d000

c000

c000

c000

d

Rotary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash000

d

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash000

d

Paperfi

lter

000

d000

d000

d000

d000

d000

d000

c000

c000

c000

d

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)im

portance
















rase

activ

ityvalues

oflemon

juices

()

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

Pulpremoval

8587plusmn19

2b8587plusmn19

2b8587plusmn19

2b8177plusmn679

b8177plusmn679

b8177plusmn679

b8815plusmn76

6b8815plusmn76

6b8815plusmn76

6b99

5plusmn424

b

Paste

urization

1564plusmn15

8c1564plusmn15

8c1564plusmn15

8c1425plusmn12

5cd

1425plusmn12

5c1425plusmn12

5c1309plusmn264

c1309plusmn264

c1309plusmn264

c16

1plusmn008

c

Enzymation

944plusmn439

dA92

3plusmn084

dA1007plusmn15

8dA

1791plusmn483

cA1553plusmn118c

A1516plusmn17

5cA

1001plusmn

123c

A95

3plusmn061

cA816plusmn14

2cdA

179plusmn025

c

Clarificatio

n813plusmn13

9dA

955plusmn331

dA682plusmn038

eA1307plusmn034

cdA

1009plusmn391

cA735plusmn214

dA92

1plusmn14

1cA819plusmn061

cA718plusmn081

cdA

152plusmn027

c

Rotary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash219plusmn013

c

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash202plusmn019

c

Paperfi

lter

806plusmn10

4dA

746plusmn18

5dA

529plusmn081

eA92

2plusmn15

8dA

980plusmn521

cA682plusmn008

dA76

5plusmn071

cA805plusmn074

cA609plusmn026

eA18

5plusmn024

c

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)impo

rtance



rase

activ

ityvalues

oflemon

juicec

oncentrates()

Storage

Rapidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)30th

day

098plusmn037

bA042plusmn001

aA076plusmn007

aA113plusmn012

abA

050plusmn000

aB049plusmn000

aBmdash

mdashmdash

039plusmn002

a

60th

day

045plusmn004

cA044plusmn001

aA068plusmn022

aA169plusmn081

aAlowast

042plusmn002

aBlowast

052plusmn002

aBlowast

mdashmdash

mdash032plusmn004

b

90th

day

142plusmn009

aA019plusmn001

bC075plusmn008

aB068plusmn014

bcA

056plusmn003

aA049plusmn001

aAmdash

mdashmdash

041plusmn004

a

180thday

041plusmn002

cA014plusmn000

cC021plusmn002

bB030plusmn003

cBlowast

069plusmn026

aAlowast

029plusmn004

bBlowast

mdashmdash

mdash028plusmn001

b

Smallletterson

thes

amec

olum

nshow

thed

ifference

betweenthes

torage

perio

dsupp

ercasedlette

rsin

thes

amer

owshow

thed

ifference

betweenenzymec

oncentratio

nsfore

achenzymeTh

edifference

between

storage

perio

dsandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)a

ndlowast

005

(119875lt005)impo

rtance


Table4Viscosity

values

oflemon

juices

(cP)

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n2790plusmn16

5a2790plusmn16

5a2790plusmn16

5a2922plusmn290

a2922plusmn290

a2922plusmn290

a2690plusmn427

a2690plusmn427

a2690plusmn427

a3376plusmn13

5aPu

lpremoval

2130plusmn233

b2130plusmn233

b2130plusmn233

b2589plusmn13

5b2589plusmn13

5b2589plusmn13

5b2240plusmn233

b2240plusmn233

b2240plusmn233

ab2120plusmn259

b

Paste

urization

2133plusmn032

b2133plusmn032

b2133plusmn032

b2220plusmn052

c2220plusmn052

c2220plusmn052

c2287plusmn032

b2287plusmn032

b2287plusmn032

ab1600plusmn060

c

Enzymation

2110plusmn14

5bB

2290plusmn047

bA2080plusmn295

bB2207plusmn042

cA1930plusmn288

cAB

1737plusmn095

deB

2217plusmn14

5bA

2230plusmn047

bA2070plusmn295

bcA

1740plusmn075

c

Clarificatio

n2010plusmn115b

A2180plusmn030

bA2060plusmn375

bA2160plusmn030

cA1943plusmn021

cB1787plusmn075

dC2150plusmn115b

A2233plusmn030

bA2050plusmn375

bcA

1820plusmn12

5cRo

tary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash1750plusmn036

c

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash1747plusmn023

c

Paperfi

lter

1608plusmn092

cA1744plusmn035

cA1648plusmn075

cA1670plusmn096

dA1510plusmn096

dA1520plusmn046

eA1720plusmn092

cA1630plusmn035

cA1670plusmn075

cA1630plusmn13

1c

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)impo

rtance


Table5Viscosity

values

oflemon

juicec

oncentrates(cP)

Storage

Rapidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)30th

day

3456plusmn10

6aA

3470plusmn036

aA3587plusmn249

aA3580plusmn14

8aA

3560plusmn204

aA3373plusmn068

aA3310plusmn221

aA3480plusmn15

9aA

3500plusmn227

aA3340plusmn082

a

60th

day

3402plusmn041

aA3425plusmn016

aA3400plusmn010

aA3369plusmn039

aA3428plusmn035

aA3432plusmn021

aA3389plusmn025

aA3384plusmn025

aA3463plusmn063

aA3273plusmn050

a

90th

day

3368plusmn046

aA3470plusmn028

aA3377plusmn020

aA3522plusmn069

aA3434plusmn055

aA3404plusmn040

aA3336plusmn033

aA3387plusmn073

aA3442plusmn090

aA3210plusmn079

a

180thday

3405plusmn027

aA3450plusmn018

aA3525plusmn110a

A3488plusmn050

aA3410plusmn042

aA3389plusmn061

aA3351plusmn

038

aA3436plusmn070

aA3352plusmn020

aA3333plusmn10

0a

Smallletterson

thes

amec

olum

nshow

thed

ifference

betweenthes

torage

perio

dsupp

ercasedlette

rsin

thes

amer

owshow

thed

ifference

betweenenzymec

oncentratio

nsfore

achenzymeTh

edifference

between

storage

perio

dsandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)


Table6Tu

rbidity

values

oflemon

juices

(NTU

)

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n104745plusmn2236a

104745plusmn2236a

b104745plusmn2236a

104115plusmn1273a

104115plusmn1273a

b104115plusmn1273a

107505plusmn6998a

107505plusmn6998a

107505plusmn6998a

73300plusmn6976

c

Pulpremoval

104338plusmn3097a

104338plusmn3097a

b104338plusmn3097a

107451plusmn

2928a

107451plusmn

2928a

107451plusmn

2928a

101537plusmn3296a

101537plusmn3296a

101537plusmn3296a

9190

0plusmn3569b

Paste

urization

102187plusmn6686a

102187plusmn6686b

102187plusmn6686a

103867plusmn5684a

103867plusmn5684a

b103867plusmn5684a

107732plusmn6792a

107732plusmn6792a

107732plusmn6792a

100000plusmn000

a

Enzymation

105983plusmn6080a

A108588plusmn1222a

A104521plusmn

6228a

A102998plusmn1121aA

101812plusmn215

bA1040

96plusmn4327a

A102735plusmn1550a

A10526plusmn3307a

A99302plusmn4730a

A100233plusmn1365a

Clarificatio

n2307plusmn77

1bA

1447plusmn323

cA1763plusmn387

bA1870plusmn13

3bA

1835plusmn220

cA1535plusmn529

bA97

5plusmn243

bA1060plusmn020

bA1124plusmn073

bA105167plusmn44

88a

Rotary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash1060plusmn020

d

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash257plusmn004

d

Paperfi

lter

032plusmn009

bA029plusmn004

cA028plusmn005

bA035plusmn003

bA035plusmn004

cA029plusmn010

bA036plusmn001

bA034plusmn002

bA031plusmn007

bA001plusmn001

d

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)impo

rtance


Table7Tu

rbidity

values

oflemon

juicec

oncentrates(NTU

)

Storage

Rapidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)30th

day

032plusmn011

bA025plusmn003

cA021plusmn003

cA035plusmn003

dA034plusmn005

cA029plusmn010

bA026plusmn003

cAlowast

021plusmn003


cBlowast

053plusmn007

c

60th

day

038plusmn014

bA036plusmn002

bA032plusmn003

bA046plusmn004

cAlowast

045plusmn004

bAlowast

031plusmn005

bBlowast

034plusmn003

bA040plusmn005

bA025plusmn002

bB064plusmn004

b

90th

day

047plusmn003

abA

039plusmn004

bA038plusmn006

bA057plusmn003

bAlowast

048plusmn007


abBlowast

044plusmn005

aA049plusmn002

aA032plusmn003

aB071plusmn003

ab

180thday

058plusmn006

aA054plusmn005

aA046plusmn003

aA066plusmn003

aA057plusmn002

aB047plusmn003

aC048plusmn004

aAlowast

051plusmn005

aAlowast

037plusmn005

aBlowast

073plusmn004

a

Smallletterson

thes

amec

olum

nshow

thed

ifference

betweenthes

torage

perio

dsupp

ercasedlette

rsin

thes

amer

owshow

thed

ifference

betweenenzymec

oncentratio

nsfore

achenzymeTh

edifference

between

storage

perio

dsandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)a

ndlowast

005

(119875lt005)impo

rtance







4 Conclusions





Acknowledgment


References











































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology


Table1To

talp

ectin

contento

flem

onjuices

(GA-AHmgL)

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n11874plusmn378

a11874plusmn378

a11874plusmn378

a12177plusmn664

a12177plusmn664

a12177plusmn664

a11645plusmn977

a11645plusmn977

a11645plusmn977

a13213plusmn309

a


b10364plusmn429

b10364plusmn429

b10473plusmn424

b10473plusmn424

b10473plusmn424

b10615plusmn533

b10615plusmn533

b10615plusmn533

b8052plusmn592

b

Paste


b10753plusmn105

b10753plusmn105

b10570plusmn119

b10570plusmn119

b10570plusmn119

b10066plusmn198

b10066plusmn198

b10066plusmn198

b6862plusmn137

c

Enzymation

1380plusmn19

5cA

584plusmn13

6cB

300plusmn076

dB2917plusmn404

cA1521plusmn

065

cB93

8plusmn039

cC000

c000

c000

c000

d

Clarificatio

n000

d000

d000

d000

d000

d000

d000

c000

c000

c000

d

Rotary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash000

d

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash000

d

Paperfi

lter

000

d000

d000

d000

d000

d000

d000

c000

c000

c000

d

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)im

portance
















rase

activ

ityvalues

oflemon

juices

()

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

Pulpremoval

8587plusmn19

2b8587plusmn19

2b8587plusmn19

2b8177plusmn679

b8177plusmn679

b8177plusmn679

b8815plusmn76

6b8815plusmn76

6b8815plusmn76

6b99

5plusmn424

b

Paste

urization

1564plusmn15

8c1564plusmn15

8c1564plusmn15

8c1425plusmn12

5cd

1425plusmn12

5c1425plusmn12

5c1309plusmn264

c1309plusmn264

c1309plusmn264

c16

1plusmn008

c

Enzymation

944plusmn439

dA92

3plusmn084

dA1007plusmn15

8dA

1791plusmn483

cA1553plusmn118c

A1516plusmn17

5cA

1001plusmn

123c

A95

3plusmn061

cA816plusmn14

2cdA

179plusmn025

c

Clarificatio

n813plusmn13

9dA

955plusmn331

dA682plusmn038

eA1307plusmn034

cdA

1009plusmn391

cA735plusmn214

dA92

1plusmn14

1cA819plusmn061

cA718plusmn081

cdA

152plusmn027

c

Rotary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash219plusmn013

c

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash202plusmn019

c

Paperfi

lter

806plusmn10

4dA

746plusmn18

5dA

529plusmn081

eA92

2plusmn15

8dA

980plusmn521

cA682plusmn008

dA76

5plusmn071

cA805plusmn074

cA609plusmn026

eA18

5plusmn024

c

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)impo

rtance



rase

activ

ityvalues

oflemon

juicec

oncentrates()

Storage

Rapidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)30th

day

098plusmn037

bA042plusmn001

aA076plusmn007

aA113plusmn012

abA

050plusmn000

aB049plusmn000

aBmdash

mdashmdash

039plusmn002

a

60th

day

045plusmn004

cA044plusmn001

aA068plusmn022

aA169plusmn081

aAlowast

042plusmn002

aBlowast

052plusmn002

aBlowast

mdashmdash

mdash032plusmn004

b

90th

day

142plusmn009

aA019plusmn001

bC075plusmn008

aB068plusmn014

bcA

056plusmn003

aA049plusmn001

aAmdash

mdashmdash

041plusmn004

a

180thday

041plusmn002

cA014plusmn000

cC021plusmn002

bB030plusmn003

cBlowast

069plusmn026

aAlowast

029plusmn004

bBlowast

mdashmdash

mdash028plusmn001

b

Smallletterson

thes

amec

olum

nshow

thed

ifference

betweenthes

torage

perio

dsupp

ercasedlette

rsin

thes

amer

owshow

thed

ifference

betweenenzymec

oncentratio

nsfore

achenzymeTh

edifference

between

storage

perio

dsandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)a

ndlowast

005

(119875lt005)impo

rtance


Table4Viscosity

values

oflemon

juices

(cP)

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n2790plusmn16

5a2790plusmn16

5a2790plusmn16

5a2922plusmn290

a2922plusmn290

a2922plusmn290

a2690plusmn427

a2690plusmn427

a2690plusmn427

a3376plusmn13

5aPu

lpremoval

2130plusmn233

b2130plusmn233

b2130plusmn233

b2589plusmn13

5b2589plusmn13

5b2589plusmn13

5b2240plusmn233

b2240plusmn233

b2240plusmn233

ab2120plusmn259

b

Paste

urization

2133plusmn032

b2133plusmn032

b2133plusmn032

b2220plusmn052

c2220plusmn052

c2220plusmn052

c2287plusmn032

b2287plusmn032

b2287plusmn032

ab1600plusmn060

c

Enzymation

2110plusmn14

5bB

2290plusmn047

bA2080plusmn295

bB2207plusmn042

cA1930plusmn288

cAB

1737plusmn095

deB

2217plusmn14

5bA

2230plusmn047

bA2070plusmn295

bcA

1740plusmn075

c

Clarificatio

n2010plusmn115b

A2180plusmn030

bA2060plusmn375

bA2160plusmn030

cA1943plusmn021

cB1787plusmn075

dC2150plusmn115b

A2233plusmn030

bA2050plusmn375

bcA

1820plusmn12

5cRo

tary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash1750plusmn036

c

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash1747plusmn023

c

Paperfi

lter

1608plusmn092

cA1744plusmn035

cA1648plusmn075

cA1670plusmn096

dA1510plusmn096

dA1520plusmn046

eA1720plusmn092

cA1630plusmn035

cA1670plusmn075

cA1630plusmn13

1c

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)impo

rtance


Table5Viscosity

values

oflemon

juicec

oncentrates(cP)

Storage

Rapidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)30th

day

3456plusmn10

6aA

3470plusmn036

aA3587plusmn249

aA3580plusmn14

8aA

3560plusmn204

aA3373plusmn068

aA3310plusmn221

aA3480plusmn15

9aA

3500plusmn227

aA3340plusmn082

a

60th

day

3402plusmn041

aA3425plusmn016

aA3400plusmn010

aA3369plusmn039

aA3428plusmn035

aA3432plusmn021

aA3389plusmn025

aA3384plusmn025

aA3463plusmn063

aA3273plusmn050

a

90th

day

3368plusmn046

aA3470plusmn028

aA3377plusmn020

aA3522plusmn069

aA3434plusmn055

aA3404plusmn040

aA3336plusmn033

aA3387plusmn073

aA3442plusmn090

aA3210plusmn079

a

180thday

3405plusmn027

aA3450plusmn018

aA3525plusmn110a

A3488plusmn050

aA3410plusmn042

aA3389plusmn061

aA3351plusmn

038

aA3436plusmn070

aA3352plusmn020

aA3333plusmn10

0a

Smallletterson

thes

amec

olum

nshow

thed

ifference

betweenthes

torage

perio

dsupp

ercasedlette

rsin

thes

amer

owshow

thed

ifference

betweenenzymec

oncentratio

nsfore

achenzymeTh

edifference

between

storage

perio

dsandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)


Table6Tu

rbidity

values

oflemon

juices

(NTU

)

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n104745plusmn2236a

104745plusmn2236a

b104745plusmn2236a

104115plusmn1273a

104115plusmn1273a

b104115plusmn1273a

107505plusmn6998a

107505plusmn6998a

107505plusmn6998a

73300plusmn6976

c

Pulpremoval

104338plusmn3097a

104338plusmn3097a

b104338plusmn3097a

107451plusmn

2928a

107451plusmn

2928a

107451plusmn

2928a

101537plusmn3296a

101537plusmn3296a

101537plusmn3296a

9190

0plusmn3569b

Paste

urization

102187plusmn6686a

102187plusmn6686b

102187plusmn6686a

103867plusmn5684a

103867plusmn5684a

b103867plusmn5684a

107732plusmn6792a

107732plusmn6792a

107732plusmn6792a

100000plusmn000

a

Enzymation

105983plusmn6080a

A108588plusmn1222a

A104521plusmn

6228a

A102998plusmn1121aA

101812plusmn215

bA1040

96plusmn4327a

A102735plusmn1550a

A10526plusmn3307a

A99302plusmn4730a

A100233plusmn1365a

Clarificatio

n2307plusmn77

1bA

1447plusmn323

cA1763plusmn387

bA1870plusmn13

3bA

1835plusmn220

cA1535plusmn529

bA97

5plusmn243

bA1060plusmn020

bA1124plusmn073

bA105167plusmn44

88a

Rotary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash1060plusmn020

d

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash257plusmn004

d

Paperfi

lter

032plusmn009

bA029plusmn004

cA028plusmn005

bA035plusmn003

bA035plusmn004

cA029plusmn010

bA036plusmn001

bA034plusmn002

bA031plusmn007

bA001plusmn001

d

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)impo

rtance


Table7Tu

rbidity

values

oflemon

juicec

oncentrates(NTU

)

Storage

Rapidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)30th

day

032plusmn011

bA025plusmn003

cA021plusmn003

cA035plusmn003

dA034plusmn005

cA029plusmn010

bA026plusmn003

cAlowast

021plusmn003


cBlowast

053plusmn007

c

60th

day

038plusmn014

bA036plusmn002

bA032plusmn003

bA046plusmn004

cAlowast

045plusmn004

bAlowast

031plusmn005

bBlowast

034plusmn003

bA040plusmn005

bA025plusmn002

bB064plusmn004

b

90th

day

047plusmn003

abA

039plusmn004

bA038plusmn006

bA057plusmn003

bAlowast

048plusmn007


abBlowast

044plusmn005

aA049plusmn002

aA032plusmn003

aB071plusmn003

ab

180thday

058plusmn006

aA054plusmn005

aA046plusmn003

aA066plusmn003

aA057plusmn002

aB047plusmn003

aC048plusmn004

aAlowast

051plusmn005

aAlowast

037plusmn005

aBlowast

073plusmn004

a

Smallletterson

thes

amec

olum

nshow

thed

ifference

betweenthes

torage

perio

dsupp

ercasedlette

rsin

thes

amer

owshow

thed

ifference

betweenenzymec

oncentratio

nsfore

achenzymeTh

edifference

between

storage

perio

dsandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)a

ndlowast

005

(119875lt005)impo

rtance







4 Conclusions





Acknowledgment


References











































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology
















rase

activ

ityvalues

oflemon

juices

()

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

100a

Pulpremoval

8587plusmn19

2b8587plusmn19

2b8587plusmn19

2b8177plusmn679

b8177plusmn679

b8177plusmn679

b8815plusmn76

6b8815plusmn76

6b8815plusmn76

6b99

5plusmn424

b

Paste

urization

1564plusmn15

8c1564plusmn15

8c1564plusmn15

8c1425plusmn12

5cd

1425plusmn12

5c1425plusmn12

5c1309plusmn264

c1309plusmn264

c1309plusmn264

c16

1plusmn008

c

Enzymation

944plusmn439

dA92

3plusmn084

dA1007plusmn15

8dA

1791plusmn483

cA1553plusmn118c

A1516plusmn17

5cA

1001plusmn

123c

A95

3plusmn061

cA816plusmn14

2cdA

179plusmn025

c

Clarificatio

n813plusmn13

9dA

955plusmn331

dA682plusmn038

eA1307plusmn034

cdA

1009plusmn391

cA735plusmn214

dA92

1plusmn14

1cA819plusmn061

cA718plusmn081

cdA

152plusmn027

c

Rotary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash219plusmn013

c

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash202plusmn019

c

Paperfi

lter

806plusmn10

4dA

746plusmn18

5dA

529plusmn081

eA92

2plusmn15

8dA

980plusmn521

cA682plusmn008

dA76

5plusmn071

cA805plusmn074

cA609plusmn026

eA18

5plusmn024

c

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)impo

rtance



rase

activ

ityvalues

oflemon

juicec

oncentrates()

Storage

Rapidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)30th

day

098plusmn037

bA042plusmn001

aA076plusmn007

aA113plusmn012

abA

050plusmn000

aB049plusmn000

aBmdash

mdashmdash

039plusmn002

a

60th

day

045plusmn004

cA044plusmn001

aA068plusmn022

aA169plusmn081

aAlowast

042plusmn002

aBlowast

052plusmn002

aBlowast

mdashmdash

mdash032plusmn004

b

90th

day

142plusmn009

aA019plusmn001

bC075plusmn008

aB068plusmn014

bcA

056plusmn003

aA049plusmn001

aAmdash

mdashmdash

041plusmn004

a

180thday

041plusmn002

cA014plusmn000

cC021plusmn002

bB030plusmn003

cBlowast

069plusmn026

aAlowast

029plusmn004

bBlowast

mdashmdash

mdash028plusmn001

b

Smallletterson

thes

amec

olum

nshow

thed

ifference

betweenthes

torage

perio

dsupp

ercasedlette

rsin

thes

amer

owshow

thed

ifference

betweenenzymec

oncentratio

nsfore

achenzymeTh

edifference

between

storage

perio

dsandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)a

ndlowast

005

(119875lt005)impo

rtance


Table4Viscosity

values

oflemon

juices

(cP)

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n2790plusmn16

5a2790plusmn16

5a2790plusmn16

5a2922plusmn290

a2922plusmn290

a2922plusmn290

a2690plusmn427

a2690plusmn427

a2690plusmn427

a3376plusmn13

5aPu

lpremoval

2130plusmn233

b2130plusmn233

b2130plusmn233

b2589plusmn13

5b2589plusmn13

5b2589plusmn13

5b2240plusmn233

b2240plusmn233

b2240plusmn233

ab2120plusmn259

b

Paste

urization

2133plusmn032

b2133plusmn032

b2133plusmn032

b2220plusmn052

c2220plusmn052

c2220plusmn052

c2287plusmn032

b2287plusmn032

b2287plusmn032

ab1600plusmn060

c

Enzymation

2110plusmn14

5bB

2290plusmn047

bA2080plusmn295

bB2207plusmn042

cA1930plusmn288

cAB

1737plusmn095

deB

2217plusmn14

5bA

2230plusmn047

bA2070plusmn295

bcA

1740plusmn075

c

Clarificatio

n2010plusmn115b

A2180plusmn030

bA2060plusmn375

bA2160plusmn030

cA1943plusmn021

cB1787plusmn075

dC2150plusmn115b

A2233plusmn030

bA2050plusmn375

bcA

1820plusmn12

5cRo

tary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash1750plusmn036

c

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash1747plusmn023

c

Paperfi

lter

1608plusmn092

cA1744plusmn035

cA1648plusmn075

cA1670plusmn096

dA1510plusmn096

dA1520plusmn046

eA1720plusmn092

cA1630plusmn035

cA1670plusmn075

cA1630plusmn13

1c

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)impo

rtance


Table5Viscosity

values

oflemon

juicec

oncentrates(cP)

Storage

Rapidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)30th

day

3456plusmn10

6aA

3470plusmn036

aA3587plusmn249

aA3580plusmn14

8aA

3560plusmn204

aA3373plusmn068

aA3310plusmn221

aA3480plusmn15

9aA

3500plusmn227

aA3340plusmn082

a

60th

day

3402plusmn041

aA3425plusmn016

aA3400plusmn010

aA3369plusmn039

aA3428plusmn035

aA3432plusmn021

aA3389plusmn025

aA3384plusmn025

aA3463plusmn063

aA3273plusmn050

a

90th

day

3368plusmn046

aA3470plusmn028

aA3377plusmn020

aA3522plusmn069

aA3434plusmn055

aA3404plusmn040

aA3336plusmn033

aA3387plusmn073

aA3442plusmn090

aA3210plusmn079

a

180thday

3405plusmn027

aA3450plusmn018

aA3525plusmn110a

A3488plusmn050

aA3410plusmn042

aA3389plusmn061

aA3351plusmn

038

aA3436plusmn070

aA3352plusmn020

aA3333plusmn10

0a

Smallletterson

thes

amec

olum

nshow

thed

ifference

betweenthes

torage

perio

dsupp

ercasedlette

rsin

thes

amer

owshow

thed

ifference

betweenenzymec

oncentratio

nsfore

achenzymeTh

edifference

between

storage

perio

dsandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)


Table6Tu

rbidity

values

oflemon

juices

(NTU

)

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n104745plusmn2236a

104745plusmn2236a

b104745plusmn2236a

104115plusmn1273a

104115plusmn1273a

b104115plusmn1273a

107505plusmn6998a

107505plusmn6998a

107505plusmn6998a

73300plusmn6976

c

Pulpremoval

104338plusmn3097a

104338plusmn3097a

b104338plusmn3097a

107451plusmn

2928a

107451plusmn

2928a

107451plusmn

2928a

101537plusmn3296a

101537plusmn3296a

101537plusmn3296a

9190

0plusmn3569b

Paste

urization

102187plusmn6686a

102187plusmn6686b

102187plusmn6686a

103867plusmn5684a

103867plusmn5684a

b103867plusmn5684a

107732plusmn6792a

107732plusmn6792a

107732plusmn6792a

100000plusmn000

a

Enzymation

105983plusmn6080a

A108588plusmn1222a

A104521plusmn

6228a

A102998plusmn1121aA

101812plusmn215

bA1040

96plusmn4327a

A102735plusmn1550a

A10526plusmn3307a

A99302plusmn4730a

A100233plusmn1365a

Clarificatio

n2307plusmn77

1bA

1447plusmn323

cA1763plusmn387

bA1870plusmn13

3bA

1835plusmn220

cA1535plusmn529

bA97

5plusmn243

bA1060plusmn020

bA1124plusmn073

bA105167plusmn44

88a

Rotary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash1060plusmn020

d

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash257plusmn004

d

Paperfi

lter

032plusmn009

bA029plusmn004

cA028plusmn005

bA035plusmn003

bA035plusmn004

cA029plusmn010

bA036plusmn001

bA034plusmn002

bA031plusmn007

bA001plusmn001

d

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)impo

rtance


Table7Tu

rbidity

values

oflemon

juicec

oncentrates(NTU

)

Storage

Rapidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)30th

day

032plusmn011

bA025plusmn003

cA021plusmn003

cA035plusmn003

dA034plusmn005

cA029plusmn010

bA026plusmn003

cAlowast

021plusmn003


cBlowast

053plusmn007

c

60th

day

038plusmn014

bA036plusmn002

bA032plusmn003

bA046plusmn004

cAlowast

045plusmn004

bAlowast

031plusmn005

bBlowast

034plusmn003

bA040plusmn005

bA025plusmn002

bB064plusmn004

b

90th

day

047plusmn003

abA

039plusmn004

bA038plusmn006

bA057plusmn003

bAlowast

048plusmn007


abBlowast

044plusmn005

aA049plusmn002

aA032plusmn003

aB071plusmn003

ab

180thday

058plusmn006

aA054plusmn005

aA046plusmn003

aA066plusmn003

aA057plusmn002

aB047plusmn003

aC048plusmn004

aAlowast

051plusmn005

aAlowast

037plusmn005

aBlowast

073plusmn004

a

Smallletterson

thes

amec

olum

nshow

thed

ifference

betweenthes

torage

perio

dsupp

ercasedlette

rsin

thes

amer

owshow

thed

ifference

betweenenzymec

oncentratio

nsfore

achenzymeTh

edifference

between

storage

perio

dsandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)a

ndlowast

005

(119875lt005)impo

rtance







4 Conclusions





Acknowledgment


References











































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology



rase

activ

ityvalues

oflemon

juicec

oncentrates()

Storage

Rapidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)30th

day

098plusmn037

bA042plusmn001

aA076plusmn007

aA113plusmn012

abA

050plusmn000

aB049plusmn000

aBmdash

mdashmdash

039plusmn002

a

60th

day

045plusmn004

cA044plusmn001

aA068plusmn022

aA169plusmn081

aAlowast

042plusmn002

aBlowast

052plusmn002

aBlowast

mdashmdash

mdash032plusmn004

b

90th

day

142plusmn009

aA019plusmn001

bC075plusmn008

aB068plusmn014

bcA

056plusmn003

aA049plusmn001

aAmdash

mdashmdash

041plusmn004

a

180thday

041plusmn002

cA014plusmn000

cC021plusmn002

bB030plusmn003

cBlowast

069plusmn026

aAlowast

029plusmn004

bBlowast

mdashmdash

mdash028plusmn001

b

Smallletterson

thes

amec

olum

nshow

thed

ifference

betweenthes

torage

perio

dsupp

ercasedlette

rsin

thes

amer

owshow

thed

ifference

betweenenzymec

oncentratio

nsfore

achenzymeTh

edifference

between

storage

perio

dsandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)a

ndlowast

005

(119875lt005)impo

rtance


Table4Viscosity

values

oflemon

juices

(cP)

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n2790plusmn16

5a2790plusmn16

5a2790plusmn16

5a2922plusmn290

a2922plusmn290

a2922plusmn290

a2690plusmn427

a2690plusmn427

a2690plusmn427

a3376plusmn13

5aPu

lpremoval

2130plusmn233

b2130plusmn233

b2130plusmn233

b2589plusmn13

5b2589plusmn13

5b2589plusmn13

5b2240plusmn233

b2240plusmn233

b2240plusmn233

ab2120plusmn259

b

Paste

urization

2133plusmn032

b2133plusmn032

b2133plusmn032

b2220plusmn052

c2220plusmn052

c2220plusmn052

c2287plusmn032

b2287plusmn032

b2287plusmn032

ab1600plusmn060

c

Enzymation

2110plusmn14

5bB

2290plusmn047

bA2080plusmn295

bB2207plusmn042

cA1930plusmn288

cAB

1737plusmn095

deB

2217plusmn14

5bA

2230plusmn047

bA2070plusmn295

bcA

1740plusmn075

c

Clarificatio

n2010plusmn115b

A2180plusmn030

bA2060plusmn375

bA2160plusmn030

cA1943plusmn021

cB1787plusmn075

dC2150plusmn115b

A2233plusmn030

bA2050plusmn375

bcA

1820plusmn12

5cRo

tary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash1750plusmn036

c

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash1747plusmn023

c

Paperfi

lter

1608plusmn092

cA1744plusmn035

cA1648plusmn075

cA1670plusmn096

dA1510plusmn096

dA1520plusmn046

eA1720plusmn092

cA1630plusmn035

cA1670plusmn075

cA1630plusmn13

1c

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)impo

rtance


Table5Viscosity

values

oflemon

juicec

oncentrates(cP)

Storage

Rapidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)30th

day

3456plusmn10

6aA

3470plusmn036

aA3587plusmn249

aA3580plusmn14

8aA

3560plusmn204

aA3373plusmn068

aA3310plusmn221

aA3480plusmn15

9aA

3500plusmn227

aA3340plusmn082

a

60th

day

3402plusmn041

aA3425plusmn016

aA3400plusmn010

aA3369plusmn039

aA3428plusmn035

aA3432plusmn021

aA3389plusmn025

aA3384plusmn025

aA3463plusmn063

aA3273plusmn050

a

90th

day

3368plusmn046

aA3470plusmn028

aA3377plusmn020

aA3522plusmn069

aA3434plusmn055

aA3404plusmn040

aA3336plusmn033

aA3387plusmn073

aA3442plusmn090

aA3210plusmn079

a

180thday

3405plusmn027

aA3450plusmn018

aA3525plusmn110a

A3488plusmn050

aA3410plusmn042

aA3389plusmn061

aA3351plusmn

038

aA3436plusmn070

aA3352plusmn020

aA3333plusmn10

0a

Smallletterson

thes

amec

olum

nshow

thed

ifference

betweenthes

torage

perio

dsupp

ercasedlette

rsin

thes

amer

owshow

thed

ifference

betweenenzymec

oncentratio

nsfore

achenzymeTh

edifference

between

storage

perio

dsandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)


Table6Tu

rbidity

values

oflemon

juices

(NTU

)

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n104745plusmn2236a

104745plusmn2236a

b104745plusmn2236a

104115plusmn1273a

104115plusmn1273a

b104115plusmn1273a

107505plusmn6998a

107505plusmn6998a

107505plusmn6998a

73300plusmn6976

c

Pulpremoval

104338plusmn3097a

104338plusmn3097a

b104338plusmn3097a

107451plusmn

2928a

107451plusmn

2928a

107451plusmn

2928a

101537plusmn3296a

101537plusmn3296a

101537plusmn3296a

9190

0plusmn3569b

Paste

urization

102187plusmn6686a

102187plusmn6686b

102187plusmn6686a

103867plusmn5684a

103867plusmn5684a

b103867plusmn5684a

107732plusmn6792a

107732plusmn6792a

107732plusmn6792a

100000plusmn000

a

Enzymation

105983plusmn6080a

A108588plusmn1222a

A104521plusmn

6228a

A102998plusmn1121aA

101812plusmn215

bA1040

96plusmn4327a

A102735plusmn1550a

A10526plusmn3307a

A99302plusmn4730a

A100233plusmn1365a

Clarificatio

n2307plusmn77

1bA

1447plusmn323

cA1763plusmn387

bA1870plusmn13

3bA

1835plusmn220

cA1535plusmn529

bA97

5plusmn243

bA1060plusmn020

bA1124plusmn073

bA105167plusmn44

88a

Rotary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash1060plusmn020

d

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash257plusmn004

d

Paperfi

lter

032plusmn009

bA029plusmn004

cA028plusmn005

bA035plusmn003

bA035plusmn004

cA029plusmn010

bA036plusmn001

bA034plusmn002

bA031plusmn007

bA001plusmn001

d

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)impo

rtance


Table7Tu

rbidity

values

oflemon

juicec

oncentrates(NTU

)

Storage

Rapidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)30th

day

032plusmn011

bA025plusmn003

cA021plusmn003

cA035plusmn003

dA034plusmn005

cA029plusmn010

bA026plusmn003

cAlowast

021plusmn003


cBlowast

053plusmn007

c

60th

day

038plusmn014

bA036plusmn002

bA032plusmn003

bA046plusmn004

cAlowast

045plusmn004

bAlowast

031plusmn005

bBlowast

034plusmn003

bA040plusmn005

bA025plusmn002

bB064plusmn004

b

90th

day

047plusmn003

abA

039plusmn004

bA038plusmn006

bA057plusmn003

bAlowast

048plusmn007


abBlowast

044plusmn005

aA049plusmn002

aA032plusmn003

aB071plusmn003

ab

180thday

058plusmn006

aA054plusmn005

aA046plusmn003

aA066plusmn003

aA057plusmn002

aB047plusmn003

aC048plusmn004

aAlowast

051plusmn005

aAlowast

037plusmn005

aBlowast

073plusmn004

a

Smallletterson

thes

amec

olum

nshow

thed

ifference

betweenthes

torage

perio

dsupp

ercasedlette

rsin

thes

amer

owshow

thed

ifference

betweenenzymec

oncentratio

nsfore

achenzymeTh

edifference

between

storage

perio

dsandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)a

ndlowast

005

(119875lt005)impo

rtance







4 Conclusions





Acknowledgment


References











































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology


Table4Viscosity

values

oflemon

juices

(cP)

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n2790plusmn16

5a2790plusmn16

5a2790plusmn16

5a2922plusmn290

a2922plusmn290

a2922plusmn290

a2690plusmn427

a2690plusmn427

a2690plusmn427

a3376plusmn13

5aPu

lpremoval

2130plusmn233

b2130plusmn233

b2130plusmn233

b2589plusmn13

5b2589plusmn13

5b2589plusmn13

5b2240plusmn233

b2240plusmn233

b2240plusmn233

ab2120plusmn259

b

Paste

urization

2133plusmn032

b2133plusmn032

b2133plusmn032

b2220plusmn052

c2220plusmn052

c2220plusmn052

c2287plusmn032

b2287plusmn032

b2287plusmn032

ab1600plusmn060

c

Enzymation

2110plusmn14

5bB

2290plusmn047

bA2080plusmn295

bB2207plusmn042

cA1930plusmn288

cAB

1737plusmn095

deB

2217plusmn14

5bA

2230plusmn047

bA2070plusmn295

bcA

1740plusmn075

c

Clarificatio

n2010plusmn115b

A2180plusmn030

bA2060plusmn375

bA2160plusmn030

cA1943plusmn021

cB1787plusmn075

dC2150plusmn115b

A2233plusmn030

bA2050plusmn375

bcA

1820plusmn12

5cRo

tary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash1750plusmn036

c

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash1747plusmn023

c

Paperfi

lter

1608plusmn092

cA1744plusmn035

cA1648plusmn075

cA1670plusmn096

dA1510plusmn096

dA1520plusmn046

eA1720plusmn092

cA1630plusmn035

cA1670plusmn075

cA1630plusmn13

1c

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)impo

rtance


Table5Viscosity

values

oflemon

juicec

oncentrates(cP)

Storage

Rapidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)30th

day

3456plusmn10

6aA

3470plusmn036

aA3587plusmn249

aA3580plusmn14

8aA

3560plusmn204

aA3373plusmn068

aA3310plusmn221

aA3480plusmn15

9aA

3500plusmn227

aA3340plusmn082

a

60th

day

3402plusmn041

aA3425plusmn016

aA3400plusmn010

aA3369plusmn039

aA3428plusmn035

aA3432plusmn021

aA3389plusmn025

aA3384plusmn025

aA3463plusmn063

aA3273plusmn050

a

90th

day

3368plusmn046

aA3470plusmn028

aA3377plusmn020

aA3522plusmn069

aA3434plusmn055

aA3404plusmn040

aA3336plusmn033

aA3387plusmn073

aA3442plusmn090

aA3210plusmn079

a

180thday

3405plusmn027

aA3450plusmn018

aA3525plusmn110a

A3488plusmn050

aA3410plusmn042

aA3389plusmn061

aA3351plusmn

038

aA3436plusmn070

aA3352plusmn020

aA3333plusmn10

0a

Smallletterson

thes

amec

olum

nshow

thed

ifference

betweenthes

torage

perio

dsupp

ercasedlette

rsin

thes

amer

owshow

thed

ifference

betweenenzymec

oncentratio

nsfore

achenzymeTh

edifference

between

storage

perio

dsandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)


Table6Tu

rbidity

values

oflemon

juices

(NTU

)

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n104745plusmn2236a

104745plusmn2236a

b104745plusmn2236a

104115plusmn1273a

104115plusmn1273a

b104115plusmn1273a

107505plusmn6998a

107505plusmn6998a

107505plusmn6998a

73300plusmn6976

c

Pulpremoval

104338plusmn3097a

104338plusmn3097a

b104338plusmn3097a

107451plusmn

2928a

107451plusmn

2928a

107451plusmn

2928a

101537plusmn3296a

101537plusmn3296a

101537plusmn3296a

9190

0plusmn3569b

Paste

urization

102187plusmn6686a

102187plusmn6686b

102187plusmn6686a

103867plusmn5684a

103867plusmn5684a

b103867plusmn5684a

107732plusmn6792a

107732plusmn6792a

107732plusmn6792a

100000plusmn000

a

Enzymation

105983plusmn6080a

A108588plusmn1222a

A104521plusmn

6228a

A102998plusmn1121aA

101812plusmn215

bA1040

96plusmn4327a

A102735plusmn1550a

A10526plusmn3307a

A99302plusmn4730a

A100233plusmn1365a

Clarificatio

n2307plusmn77

1bA

1447plusmn323

cA1763plusmn387

bA1870plusmn13

3bA

1835plusmn220

cA1535plusmn529

bA97

5plusmn243

bA1060plusmn020

bA1124plusmn073

bA105167plusmn44

88a

Rotary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash1060plusmn020

d

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash257plusmn004

d

Paperfi

lter

032plusmn009

bA029plusmn004

cA028plusmn005

bA035plusmn003

bA035plusmn004

cA029plusmn010

bA036plusmn001

bA034plusmn002

bA031plusmn007

bA001plusmn001

d

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)impo

rtance


Table7Tu

rbidity

values

oflemon

juicec

oncentrates(NTU

)

Storage

Rapidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)30th

day

032plusmn011

bA025plusmn003

cA021plusmn003

cA035plusmn003

dA034plusmn005

cA029plusmn010

bA026plusmn003

cAlowast

021plusmn003


cBlowast

053plusmn007

c

60th

day

038plusmn014

bA036plusmn002

bA032plusmn003

bA046plusmn004

cAlowast

045plusmn004

bAlowast

031plusmn005

bBlowast

034plusmn003

bA040plusmn005

bA025plusmn002

bB064plusmn004

b

90th

day

047plusmn003

abA

039plusmn004

bA038plusmn006

bA057plusmn003

bAlowast

048plusmn007


abBlowast

044plusmn005

aA049plusmn002

aA032plusmn003

aB071plusmn003

ab

180thday

058plusmn006

aA054plusmn005

aA046plusmn003

aA066plusmn003

aA057plusmn002

aB047plusmn003

aC048plusmn004

aAlowast

051plusmn005

aAlowast

037plusmn005

aBlowast

073plusmn004

a

Smallletterson

thes

amec

olum

nshow

thed

ifference

betweenthes

torage

perio

dsupp

ercasedlette

rsin

thes

amer

owshow

thed

ifference

betweenenzymec

oncentratio

nsfore

achenzymeTh

edifference

between

storage

perio

dsandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)a

ndlowast

005

(119875lt005)impo

rtance







4 Conclusions





Acknowledgment


References











































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology


Table5Viscosity

values

oflemon

juicec

oncentrates(cP)

Storage

Rapidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)30th

day

3456plusmn10

6aA

3470plusmn036

aA3587plusmn249

aA3580plusmn14

8aA

3560plusmn204

aA3373plusmn068

aA3310plusmn221

aA3480plusmn15

9aA

3500plusmn227

aA3340plusmn082

a

60th

day

3402plusmn041

aA3425plusmn016

aA3400plusmn010

aA3369plusmn039

aA3428plusmn035

aA3432plusmn021

aA3389plusmn025

aA3384plusmn025

aA3463plusmn063

aA3273plusmn050

a

90th

day

3368plusmn046

aA3470plusmn028

aA3377plusmn020

aA3522plusmn069

aA3434plusmn055

aA3404plusmn040

aA3336plusmn033

aA3387plusmn073

aA3442plusmn090

aA3210plusmn079

a

180thday

3405plusmn027

aA3450plusmn018

aA3525plusmn110a

A3488plusmn050

aA3410plusmn042

aA3389plusmn061

aA3351plusmn

038

aA3436plusmn070

aA3352plusmn020

aA3333plusmn10

0a

Smallletterson

thes

amec

olum

nshow

thed

ifference

betweenthes

torage

perio

dsupp

ercasedlette

rsin

thes

amer

owshow

thed

ifference

betweenenzymec

oncentratio

nsfore

achenzymeTh

edifference

between

storage

perio

dsandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)


Table6Tu

rbidity

values

oflemon

juices

(NTU

)

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n104745plusmn2236a

104745plusmn2236a

b104745plusmn2236a

104115plusmn1273a

104115plusmn1273a

b104115plusmn1273a

107505plusmn6998a

107505plusmn6998a

107505plusmn6998a

73300plusmn6976

c

Pulpremoval

104338plusmn3097a

104338plusmn3097a

b104338plusmn3097a

107451plusmn

2928a

107451plusmn

2928a

107451plusmn

2928a

101537plusmn3296a

101537plusmn3296a

101537plusmn3296a

9190

0plusmn3569b

Paste

urization

102187plusmn6686a

102187plusmn6686b

102187plusmn6686a

103867plusmn5684a

103867plusmn5684a

b103867plusmn5684a

107732plusmn6792a

107732plusmn6792a

107732plusmn6792a

100000plusmn000

a

Enzymation

105983plusmn6080a

A108588plusmn1222a

A104521plusmn

6228a

A102998plusmn1121aA

101812plusmn215

bA1040

96plusmn4327a

A102735plusmn1550a

A10526plusmn3307a

A99302plusmn4730a

A100233plusmn1365a

Clarificatio

n2307plusmn77

1bA

1447plusmn323

cA1763plusmn387

bA1870plusmn13

3bA

1835plusmn220

cA1535plusmn529

bA97

5plusmn243

bA1060plusmn020

bA1124plusmn073

bA105167plusmn44

88a

Rotary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash1060plusmn020

d

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash257plusmn004

d

Paperfi

lter

032plusmn009

bA029plusmn004

cA028plusmn005

bA035plusmn003

bA035plusmn004

cA029plusmn010

bA036plusmn001

bA034plusmn002

bA031plusmn007

bA001plusmn001

d

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)impo

rtance


Table7Tu

rbidity

values

oflemon

juicec

oncentrates(NTU

)

Storage

Rapidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)30th

day

032plusmn011

bA025plusmn003

cA021plusmn003

cA035plusmn003

dA034plusmn005

cA029plusmn010

bA026plusmn003

cAlowast

021plusmn003


cBlowast

053plusmn007

c

60th

day

038plusmn014

bA036plusmn002

bA032plusmn003

bA046plusmn004

cAlowast

045plusmn004

bAlowast

031plusmn005

bBlowast

034plusmn003

bA040plusmn005

bA025plusmn002

bB064plusmn004

b

90th

day

047plusmn003

abA

039plusmn004

bA038plusmn006

bA057plusmn003

bAlowast

048plusmn007


abBlowast

044plusmn005

aA049plusmn002

aA032plusmn003

aB071plusmn003

ab

180thday

058plusmn006

aA054plusmn005

aA046plusmn003

aA066plusmn003

aA057plusmn002

aB047plusmn003

aC048plusmn004

aAlowast

051plusmn005

aAlowast

037plusmn005

aBlowast

073plusmn004

a

Smallletterson

thes

amec

olum

nshow

thed

ifference

betweenthes

torage

perio

dsupp

ercasedlette

rsin

thes

amer

owshow

thed

ifference

betweenenzymec

oncentratio

nsfore

achenzymeTh

edifference

between

storage

perio

dsandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)a

ndlowast

005

(119875lt005)impo

rtance







4 Conclusions





Acknowledgment


References











































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology


Table6Tu

rbidity

values

oflemon

juices

(NTU

)

Stages

ofprod

uctio

nRa

pidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)Ex

tractio

n104745plusmn2236a

104745plusmn2236a

b104745plusmn2236a

104115plusmn1273a

104115plusmn1273a

b104115plusmn1273a

107505plusmn6998a

107505plusmn6998a

107505plusmn6998a

73300plusmn6976

c

Pulpremoval

104338plusmn3097a

104338plusmn3097a

b104338plusmn3097a

107451plusmn

2928a

107451plusmn

2928a

107451plusmn

2928a

101537plusmn3296a

101537plusmn3296a

101537plusmn3296a

9190

0plusmn3569b

Paste

urization

102187plusmn6686a

102187plusmn6686b

102187plusmn6686a

103867plusmn5684a

103867plusmn5684a

b103867plusmn5684a

107732plusmn6792a

107732plusmn6792a

107732plusmn6792a

100000plusmn000

a

Enzymation

105983plusmn6080a

A108588plusmn1222a

A104521plusmn

6228a

A102998plusmn1121aA

101812plusmn215

bA1040

96plusmn4327a

A102735plusmn1550a

A10526plusmn3307a

A99302plusmn4730a

A100233plusmn1365a

Clarificatio

n2307plusmn77

1bA

1447plusmn323

cA1763plusmn387

bA1870plusmn13

3bA

1835plusmn220

cA1535plusmn529

bA97

5plusmn243

bA1060plusmn020

bA1124plusmn073

bA105167plusmn44

88a

Rotary

vacuum

filter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash1060plusmn020

d

Kieselg

uhrfi

lter

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdashmdash

mdash257plusmn004

d

Paperfi

lter

032plusmn009

bA029plusmn004

cA028plusmn005

bA035plusmn003

bA035plusmn004

cA029plusmn010

bA036plusmn001

bA034plusmn002

bA031plusmn007

bA001plusmn001

d

Smallletters

onthesamecolumnshow


ofprod

uctio

nup

percased

lette

rsin

thesamerowshow


fore

achenzymeTh

edifference

betweensta

geof

prod

uctio

nandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)impo

rtance


Table7Tu

rbidity

values

oflemon

juicec

oncentrates(NTU

)

Storage

Rapidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)30th

day

032plusmn011

bA025plusmn003

cA021plusmn003

cA035plusmn003

dA034plusmn005

cA029plusmn010

bA026plusmn003

cAlowast

021plusmn003


cBlowast

053plusmn007

c

60th

day

038plusmn014

bA036plusmn002

bA032plusmn003

bA046plusmn004

cAlowast

045plusmn004

bAlowast

031plusmn005

bBlowast

034plusmn003

bA040plusmn005

bA025plusmn002

bB064plusmn004

b

90th

day

047plusmn003

abA

039plusmn004

bA038plusmn006

bA057plusmn003

bAlowast

048plusmn007


abBlowast

044plusmn005

aA049plusmn002

aA032plusmn003

aB071plusmn003

ab

180thday

058plusmn006

aA054plusmn005

aA046plusmn003

aA066plusmn003

aA057plusmn002

aB047plusmn003

aC048plusmn004

aAlowast

051plusmn005

aAlowast

037plusmn005

aBlowast

073plusmn004

a

Smallletterson

thes

amec

olum

nshow

thed

ifference

betweenthes

torage

perio

dsupp

ercasedlette

rsin

thes

amer

owshow

thed

ifference

betweenenzymec

oncentratio

nsfore

achenzymeTh

edifference

between

storage

perio

dsandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)a

ndlowast

005

(119875lt005)impo

rtance







4 Conclusions





Acknowledgment


References











































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology


Table7Tu

rbidity

values

oflemon

juicec

oncentrates(NTU

)

Storage

Rapidase

Intense

Novoferm

61Novozym

33095

Factory

prod

uctio

n10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)10

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)40

(120583L100m

L)20

(120583L100m

L)30th

day

032plusmn011

bA025plusmn003

cA021plusmn003

cA035plusmn003

dA034plusmn005

cA029plusmn010

bA026plusmn003

cAlowast

021plusmn003


cBlowast

053plusmn007

c

60th

day

038plusmn014

bA036plusmn002

bA032plusmn003

bA046plusmn004

cAlowast

045plusmn004

bAlowast

031plusmn005

bBlowast

034plusmn003

bA040plusmn005

bA025plusmn002

bB064plusmn004

b

90th

day

047plusmn003

abA

039plusmn004

bA038plusmn006

bA057plusmn003

bAlowast

048plusmn007


abBlowast

044plusmn005

aA049plusmn002

aA032plusmn003

aB071plusmn003

ab

180thday

058plusmn006

aA054plusmn005

aA046plusmn003

aA066plusmn003

aA057plusmn002

aB047plusmn003

aC048plusmn004

aAlowast

051plusmn005

aAlowast

037plusmn005

aBlowast

073plusmn004

a

Smallletterson

thes

amec

olum

nshow

thed

ifference

betweenthes

torage

perio

dsupp

ercasedlette

rsin

thes

amer

owshow

thed

ifference

betweenenzymec

oncentratio

nsfore

achenzymeTh

edifference

between

storage

perio

dsandenzymec

oncentratio

nsisatlevelof0

01(119875lt001)a

ndlowast

005

(119875lt005)impo

rtance







4 Conclusions





Acknowledgment


References











































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology







4 Conclusions





Acknowledgment


References











































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology






































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology

research article effects of different enzymes and

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