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Research ArticleSystem of Operator Quasi Equilibrium Problems
Suhel Ahmad Khan
Department of Mathematics, BITS-Pilani, Dubai Campus, P.O. Box 345055, Dubai, UAE
Correspondence should be addressed to Suhel Ahmad Khan; [email protected]
Received 24 January 2014; Accepted 4 June 2014; Published 19 June 2014
Academic Editor: Sivaguru Sritharan
Copyright ยฉ 2014 Suhel Ahmad Khan.This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
We consider a system of operator quasi equilibrium problems and system of generalized quasi operator equilibrium problems intopological vector spaces. Using a maximal element theorem for a family of set-valued mappings as basic tool, we derive someexistence theorems for solutions to these problems with and without involvingฮฆ-condensing mappings.
1. Introduction
In 2002, Domokos and Kolumbaฬn [1] gave an interestinginterpretation of variational inequality and vector variationalinequalities (for short, VVI) in Banach space settings in termsof variational inequalities with operator solutions (for short,OVVI). The notion and viewpoint of OVVI due to DomokosandKolumbaฬn [1] looknew and interesting even though it hasa limitation in application toVVI. Recently, Kazmi and Raouf[2] introduced the operator equilibrium problem which gen-eralizes the notion of OVVI to operator vector equilibriumproblems (for short, OVEP) using the operator solution.Theyderived some existence theorems of solution of OVEP withpseudomonotonicity, without pseudomonotonicity, and with๐ต-pseudomonotonicity. However, they dealt with only thesingle-valued case of the bioperator. It is very natural anduseful to extend a single-valued case to a corresponding set-valued one from both theoretical and practical points of view.
The system of vector equilibrium problems and thesystem of vector quasi equilibriumproblemswere introducedand studied by Ansari et al. [3, 4]. Inspired by above citedwork, in this paper, we consider a system of operator quasiequilibrium problems (for short, SOQEP) in topologicalvector spaces. Using a maximal element theorem for a familyof set-valued mappings according to [5] as basic tool, wederive some existence theorems for solutions to SOQEP withand without involvingฮฆ-condensing mappings.
Further, we consider a system of generalized quasi oper-ator equilibrium problems (for short, SGQOEP) in topo-logical vector spaces and give some of its special cases and
derive some existence theorems for solutions to SOQEPwith andwithout involvingฮฆ-condensingmappings by usingwell-known maximal element theorem [5] for a family ofset-valued mappings, and, consequently, we also get someexistence theorems for solutions to a system of operatorequilibrium problems.
2. Preliminaries
Let ๐ผ be an index set, for each ๐ โ ๐ผ, and let๐๐be a Hausdorff
topological vector space. We denote ๐ฟ(๐๐, ๐๐), the space of
all continuous linear operators from ๐๐into ๐
๐, where ๐
๐is
topological vector space for each ๐ โ ๐ผ. Consider a family ofnonempty convex subsets {๐พ
๐}๐โ๐ผ
with๐พ๐in ๐ฟ(๐
๐, ๐๐).
Let
๐ = โ
๐โ๐ผ
๐๐,
๐พ = โ
๐โ๐ผ
๐พ๐.
(1)
Let ๐ถ๐: ๐พ โ 2
๐๐ be a set-valued mapping such that, foreach ๐ โ ๐พ, ๐ถ
๐(๐) is solid, open, and convex cone such that
0 โ ๐ถ๐(๐) and ๐
๐= โ๐โ๐พ
๐ถ๐(๐).
For each ๐ โ ๐ผ, let ๐น๐: ๐พ ร ๐พ
๐โ ๐๐be a bifunction and
let ๐ด๐: ๐พ โ 2
๐พ๐ be a set-valued mapping with nonemptyvalues. We consider the following system of operator quasi
Hindawi Publishing CorporationInternational Journal of AnalysisVolume 2014, Article ID 848206, 6 pageshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/848206
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2 International Journal of Analysis
equilibrium problems (for short, SOQEP). Find ๐ โ ๐พ suchthat, for each ๐ โ ๐ผ,
๐๐โ ๐ด๐(๐) , ๐น
๐(๐, ๐๐) โ โ๐ถ
๐(๐) , โ๐
๐โ ๐ด๐(๐) . (2)
We remarked that, for the suitable choices of ๐ผ, ๐น๐, ๐พ๐,
๐๐, ๐๐, ๐ถ๐, and ๐ด
๐, SOQEP (2) reduces to the problems
considered and studied by [3โ6] and the references therein.Now, we will give the following concepts and results
which are used in the sequel.
Definition 1. Let ๐ be a nonempty and convex subset of atopological vector space, and let ๐ be a topological vectorspace with a closed and convex cone๐with apex at the origin.A vector-valued function ๐ : ๐ โ ๐ is said to be as follows:
(i) P-function if and only if โ๐ฅ, ๐ฆ โ ๐ and ๐ โ [0, 1]:
๐ (๐๐ฅ + (1 โ ๐) ๐ฆ) โ ๐๐ (๐ฅ) + (1 โ ๐) ๐ (๐ฆ) โ ๐; (3)
(ii) natural P-quasifunction if and only if โ๐ฅ, ๐ฆ โ ๐ and๐ โ [0, 1]:
๐ (๐๐ฅ + (1 โ ๐) ๐ฆ) โ ๐ถ๐ {๐ (๐ฅ) , ๐ (๐ฆ)} โ ๐, (4)
where ๐ถ๐๐ต denotes the convex hull of ๐ต;(iii) P-quasifunction if and only if โ๐ผ โ ๐ and the set {๐ฅ โ
๐ : ๐(๐ฅ) โ ๐ผ โ โ๐} is convex.
Definition 2 (see [7]). Let๐ be a topological vector space andlet ๐ฟ be a lattice with a minimal element, denoted by 0. Amapping ๐ : 2๐ โ ๐ฟ is called a measure of noncompactnessprovided that the following conditions hold for any ๐,๐ โ2๐:
(i) ๐(๐ถ๐๐) = ๐(๐), where ๐ถ๐๐ denotes the closedconvex hull of๐;
(ii) ๐(๐) = ๐ if and only if๐ is precompact;(iii) ๐(๐ โช๐) = max{๐(๐), ๐(๐)}.
Definition 3 (see [7]). Let ๐ be a topological vector space,๐ท โ ๐, and let ๐ be a measure of noncompactness on ๐.A set-valued mapping ๐ : ๐ท โ 2๐ is called ๐-condensingprovided that ๐ โ ๐ท with ๐(๐(๐)) โฅ ๐(๐); then ๐ isrelative compact; that is,๐ is compact.
Remark 4. Note that every set-valued mapping defined ona compact set is ๐-condensing for any measure of noncom-pactness ๐. If ๐ is locally convex, then a compact set-valuedmapping (i.e., ๐(๐ท) is precompact) is ๐-condensing for anymeasure of noncompactness ๐. Obviously, if ๐ : ๐ท โ 2๐ is๐-condensing and ๐ : ๐ท โ 2๐ satisfies ๐(๐ฅ) โ ๐(๐ฅ), forall ๐ฅ โ ๐, then ๐ is also ๐-condensing.
The following maximal element theorems will play keyrole in establishing existence results.
Theorem 5 (see [8]). For each ๐ โ ๐ผ, let ๐พ๐be a nonempty
convex subset of a topological vector space ๐๐and let ๐
๐, ๐๐:
๐พ โ 2๐พ๐ be the two set-valued mappings. For each ๐ โ ๐ผ,
assume that the following conditions hold:
(a) for all ๐ฅ โ ๐พ, ๐ถ๐๐๐(๐ฅ) โ ๐
๐(๐ฅ);
(b) for all ๐ฅ โ ๐พ, ๐ฅ๐โ ๐๐(๐ฅ);
(c) for all ๐ฆ๐โ ๐พ๐, ๐๐
โ1(๐ฆ๐) is compactly open ๐พ;
(d) there exist a nonempty compact subset ๐ท of ๐พ and anonempty compact convex subset ๐ธ
๐โ ๐พ๐, for each ๐ โ
๐ผ, such that, for all ๐ฅ โ ๐พ \ ๐ท, there exists ๐ โ ๐ผ suchthat ๐
๐(๐ฅ) โฉ ๐ธ
๐ฬธ= 0.
Then, there exists ๐ฅ โ ๐พ such that ๐๐(๐ฅ) = 0 for each ๐ โ ๐ผ.
We will use the following particular form of a maximalelement theorem for a family of set-valued mappings due toDeguire et al. [5].
Theorem 6 (see [5]). Let ๐ผ be any index set, for each ๐ โ ๐ผ,let ๐พ๐be a nonempty convex subset of a Hausdorff topological
vector space๐๐, and let ๐
๐: ๐พ = โ
๐โ๐ผ๐พ๐โ 2๐พ๐ be a set-valued
mapping. Assume that the following conditions hold:
(i) โ๐ โ ๐ผ and โ๐ฅ โ ๐พ; ๐๐(๐ฅ) is convex;
(ii) โ๐ โ ๐ผ and โ๐ฅ โ ๐พ; ๐ฅ๐โ ๐๐(๐ฅ), where ๐ฅ
๐is the ๐th
component of ๐ฅ;(iii) โ๐ โ ๐ผ and โ๐ฆ
๐โ ๐พ๐; ๐๐
โ1(๐ฆ๐) is open ๐พ;
(iv) there exist a nonempty compact subset ๐ท of ๐พ and anonempty compact convex subset ๐ธ
๐โ ๐พ๐, โ๐ โ ๐ผ such
that โ๐ฅ โ ๐พ \๐ท and there exists ๐ โ ๐ผ such that ๐๐(๐ฅ) โฉ
๐ธ๐
ฬธ= 0.
Then, there exists ๐ฅ โ ๐พ such that ๐๐(๐ฅ) = 0 for each ๐ โ ๐ผ.
Remark 7. If โ๐ โ ๐ผ, ๐พ๐is nonempty, closed, and convex
subset of a locally convex Hausdorff topological vector space๐๐, then condition (iv) of Theorem 6 can be replaced by the
following condition:(iv)1 the set-valued mapping ๐ : ๐พ โ 2๐พ is defined as
๐(๐ฅ) = โ๐โ๐ผ
๐๐(๐ฅ), โ๐ฅ โ ๐พ, ๐-condensing.
3. Main Result
Throughout this paper, unless otherwise stated, for any indexset ๐ผ and for each ๐ โ ๐ผ, let ๐
๐be a topological vector space
and let ๐พ = โ๐โ๐ผ
๐พ๐, ๐ถ๐: ๐พ โ 2
๐๐ be a set-valued mappingsuch that, for each ๐ โ ๐พ, ๐ถ
๐(๐) is proper, solid, open, and
convex cone such that 0 โ ๐ถ๐(๐) and ๐
๐= โ๐โ๐พ
๐ถ๐(๐). We
denote ๐ฟ(๐๐, ๐๐), the space of all continuous linear operators
from๐๐into ๐
๐. We also assume that โ๐ โ ๐ผ, ๐ด
๐: ๐พ โ 2
๐พ๐ isa set-valued mapping such that โ๐ โ ๐พ,๐ด
๐(๐) is nonempty
and convex,๐ดโ1(๐๐) is open in๐พ,๐
๐โ ๐พ๐, and the set๐น
๐: {๐ โ
๐พ : ๐๐โ ๐ด๐(๐)} is closed in๐พ, where ๐
๐is the ๐th component
of ๐.Now, we have the following existence result for SOQEP
(2).
Theorem 8. For each ๐ โ ๐ผ, let ๐พ๐be nonempty and convex
subset of aHausdorff topological vector space๐๐and let๐น
๐: ๐พร
๐พ๐โ ๐๐be a bifunction. Suppose that the following conditions
hold:
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International Journal of Analysis 3
(i) โ๐ โ ๐ผ and โ๐ โ ๐พ, ๐น๐(๐, ๐๐) โ โ๐ถ
๐(๐), where ๐
๐is the
๐th component of ๐;(ii) โ๐ โ ๐ผ and โ๐ โ ๐พ; the vector-valued function ๐
๐โ
๐น๐(๐, ๐๐) is natural ๐
๐-quasifunction;
(iii) โ๐ โ ๐ผ and โ๐๐โ ๐พ๐; the set {๐ โ ๐พ : ๐น
๐(๐, ๐๐) โ
โ๐ถ๐(๐)} is closed in ๐พ;
(iv) there exist a nonempty compact subset ๐ of ๐พ and anonempty compact convex subset๐ต
๐of๐พ๐, for each ๐ โ ๐ผ
such that โ๐ โ ๐พ \ ๐; there exists ๐ โ ๐ผ and ๐๐โ ๐ต๐
such that ๐๐โ ๐ด๐(๐) and ๐น
๐(๐, ๐๐) โ โ๐ถ
๐(๐).
Then SOQEP (2) has a solution.
Proof. Let us define, for each given ๐ โ ๐ผ, a set-valuedmapping ๐
๐: ๐พ โ 2
๐พ๐ by
๐๐(๐) = {๐
๐โ ๐พ๐: ๐น๐(๐, ๐๐) โ โ๐ถ
๐(๐)} , โ๐ โ ๐พ. (5)
First, we claim that โ๐ โ ๐ผ and ๐ โ ๐พ, ๐๐(๐) is convex. Fix an
arbitrary ๐ โ ๐ผ and ๐ โ ๐พ. Let ๐๐,1, ๐๐,2
โ ๐๐(๐) and ๐ โ [0, 1];
then we have
๐น๐(๐, ๐๐๐) โ โ๐ถ
๐(๐) , for ๐ = 1, 2. (๐)
Since๐น๐(๐, โ ) is natural๐
๐-quasifunction, there exists๐ โ [0, 1]
such that
๐น๐(๐, ๐๐
๐,1+ (1 โ ๐) ๐๐,2) โ ๐๐น๐ (๐, ๐๐,1)
+ (1 โ ๐) ๐น๐(๐, ๐๐,2) โ ๐๐.
(๐๐)
From the inclusion of (๐) and (๐๐), we get
๐น๐(๐, ๐๐
๐,1+ (1 โ ๐) ๐๐,2) โ โ๐ถ๐ (๐) โ ๐ถ๐ (๐) โ ๐๐ โ ๐ถ๐ (๐) .
(6)
Hence, ๐๐๐,1+(1โ๐)๐
๐,2โ ๐๐(๐) and therefore๐
๐(๐) is convex.
Since ๐ โ ๐ผ and ๐ โ ๐พ are arbitrary, ๐๐(๐) is convex, โ๐ โ ๐พ
and โ๐ โ ๐ผ.Hence, our claim is then verified.Now โ๐ โ ๐ผ and โ๐
๐โ ๐พ๐; the complement of ๐
๐
โ1(๐๐) in
๐พ can be defined as
[๐๐
โ1(๐๐)]๐
= {๐ โ ๐พ : ๐น๐(๐, ๐๐) โ โ๐ถ
๐(๐)} . (7)
From condition (iii) of the above theorem, [๐๐
โ1(๐๐)]๐ will be
closed in ๐พ.Suppose that โ๐ โ ๐ผ and โ๐ โ ๐พ; we define another set-
valued mapping๐๐: ๐พ โ 2
๐พ๐ by
๐๐(๐) =
{
{
{
๐ด๐(๐) โฉ ๐
๐(๐) if ๐ โ F
๐
๐ด๐(๐) ; if ๐ โ ๐พ \F
๐.
(8)
Then, it is clear that โ๐ โ ๐ผ and โ๐ โ ๐พ,๐๐(๐) is convex,
because ๐ด(๐) and ๐๐(๐) are both convex. Now, by condition
(i), ๐๐โ ๐๐(๐). Since โ๐ โ ๐ผ and โ๐
๐โ ๐พ๐,
๐๐
โ1(๐๐)
= (๐ด๐
โ1(๐๐) โฉ ๐๐
โ1(๐๐))โ((๐พ \F
๐) โฉ ๐ด๐
โ1(๐๐))
(9)
is open in ๐พ, because ๐ด๐
โ1(๐๐), ๐๐
โ1(๐๐) and ๐พ \F
๐are open
in ๐พ.Condition (iv) of Theorem 6 is followed from condition
(iv). Hence, by fixed pointTheorem 6, there exists๐ โ ๐พ suchthat ๐
๐(๐) = 0, โ๐ โ ๐ผ. Since โ๐ โ ๐ผ and โ๐ โ ๐พ,๐ด
๐(๐)
is nonempty, we have ๐ด๐(๐) โฉ ๐
๐(๐) = 0, โ๐ โ ๐ผ. Therefore,
โ๐ โ ๐ผ, ๐๐โ ๐ด๐(๐) and ๐น
๐(๐, ๐๐) โ โ๐ถ
๐(๐), โ๐
๐โ ๐ด๐(๐).
This completes the proof.
Now, we establish an existence result for SOQEP (2)involving ๐-condensing maps.
Theorem 9. For each ๐ โ ๐ผ, let ๐พ๐be a nonempty, closed, and
convex subset of a locally convex Hausdorff topological vectorspace ๐
๐, suppose that ๐น
๐: ๐พ ร ๐พ
๐โ ๐๐is a bifunction, and
let the set-valued mapping ๐ด = โ๐โ๐ผ
๐ด๐: ๐พ โ 2
๐พ definedas ๐ด(๐) = โ
๐โ๐ผ๐ด๐(๐), โ๐ โ ๐พ be ๐-condensing. Assume that
conditions (i), (ii), and (iii) of Theorem 8 hold. Then SOQEP(2) has a solution.
Proof. In view of Remark 7, it is sufficient to show that theset-valued mapping ๐ : ๐พ โ 2๐พ defined as ๐(๐) =โ๐โ๐ผ
๐๐(๐), โ๐ โ ๐พ, is ๐-condensing, where ๐
๐s are the same
as defined in the proof of Theorem 8. By the definition of๐๐, ๐๐(๐) โ ๐ด
๐(๐), โ๐ โ ๐ผ and โ๐ โ ๐พ and therefore ๐(๐) โ
๐ด(๐), โ๐ โ ๐พ. Since ๐ด is ๐-condensing, by Remark 7, wehave ๐ being also ๐-condensing.
This completes the proof.
4. System of Generalized Quasi OperatorEquilibrium Problem
Throughout this section, unless otherwise stated, let ๐ผ be anyindex set. For each ๐ โ ๐ผ, let ๐
๐be a Hausdorff topological
vector space. We denote ๐ฟ(๐๐, ๐๐), the space of all continuous
linear operators from๐๐into๐
๐, where๐
๐is topological vector
space for each ๐ โ ๐ผ and for each ๐ โ ๐ผ; let ๐๐โ ๐๐be a closed,
pointed, and convex conewith int๐๐
ฬธ= 0, where int ๐๐denotes
the interior of set ๐๐, โ๐ โ ๐ผ. Consider a family of nonempty
convex subsets {๐พ๐}๐โ๐ผ
with๐พ๐in ๐ฟ(๐
๐, ๐๐). Let, for each ๐ โ ๐ผ,
a bifunction ๐น๐: ๐พ ร ๐พ
๐โ ๐๐and two set-valued mappings
๐ด๐, ๐ต๐: ๐พ โ 2
๐พ๐ be with nonempty values.Let ๐๐be the unit vector in ๐
๐, for each ๐ โ ๐ผ, and also
๐ผ๐๐๐, ๐ฝ๐๐๐โ ๐๐such that ๐ผ
๐๐๐ฬธ<๐๐
๐ฝ๐๐๐, where ๐ผ
๐, ๐ฝ๐โ R are two
real numbers such that ๐ผ๐โค ๐ฝ๐.
Now, we consider the system of generalized quasi operatorequilibrium problems (for short, SGQOEP). Find ๐ โ ๐พ suchthat, for each ๐ โ ๐ผ,
๐๐โ ๐ต๐(๐) , ๐ผ
๐๐๐ฬธ<๐๐๐น๐(๐, ๐๐) ฬธ<๐๐๐ฝ๐๐๐; โ๐
๐โ ๐ด๐(๐) .
(10)
4.1. Special Cases
(I) If ๐ด๐= ๐ต๐, โ๐, then SGQOEP (10) reduces to finding
of ๐ โ ๐พ such that, for each ๐ โ ๐ผ,
๐ผ๐๐๐ฬธ<๐๐น๐(๐, ๐๐) ฬธ<๐๐ฝ๐๐๐; โ๐
๐โ ๐ด๐(๐) . (11)
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(II) If, in Case (I), we take ๐๐= R, then ๐
๐= R+and
๐๐= 1; then problem (10) reduces to the system of
generalized quasi operator equilibriumproblemswithlower and upper bounds (for short, SGQOEPLUB).Find ๐ โ ๐พ such that, for each ๐ โ ๐ผ,
๐๐โ ๐ต๐(๐) , ๐ผ
๐โค ๐น๐(๐, ๐๐) โค ๐ฝ๐; โ๐
๐โ ๐ด๐(๐) . (12)
Now, we establish the existence result for SGQOEP (10).
Theorem 10. For each ๐ โ ๐ผ, let ๐พ๐be a nonempty convex
subset of a topological vector space๐๐and๐น๐, ๐๐, ๐๐: ๐พร๐พ
๐โ
๐พ๐are the bifunctions, ๐ต
๐: ๐พ โ 2
๐พ๐ is a set-valued mappingsuch that the set ๐น
๐= {๐ โ ๐พ : ๐
๐โ ๐ต๐(๐)} is compactly closed,
๐ด๐: ๐พ โ 2
๐พ๐ is a set-valued mapping with nonempty valuessuch that, for each ๐
๐โ ๐พ๐, ๐ด๐
โ1(๐๐) is compactly open in ๐พ,
and โ๐ โ ๐ผ, ๐๐โ ๐๐are the unit vector such that ๐ผ
๐๐๐ฬธ<๐๐๐ฝ๐๐๐,
where ๐ผ๐, ๐ฝ๐โ R are two real numbers such that ๐ผ
๐โค ๐ฝ๐. For
each ๐ โ ๐ผ, assume that the following conditions hold:
(i) for all ๐ โ ๐พ, ๐ถ๐๐ด๐(๐) โ ๐ต
๐(๐);
(ii) for all ๐ โ ๐พ, ๐ผ๐๐๐>๐๐๐๐(๐, ๐๐) or ๐
๐(๐, ๐๐)>๐๐๐ฝ๐๐๐;
(iii) for all๐ โ ๐พ and for every nonempty finite subset๐๐โ
{๐๐โ ๐พ๐: ๐น๐(๐, ๐๐)<๐๐๐ผ๐๐๐or ๐น๐(๐, ๐๐)>๐๐๐ฝ๐๐๐}, we have
๐ถ๐๐๐โ {๐๐โ ๐พ๐: ๐๐(๐, ๐๐) ฬธ<๐๐๐ผ๐๐๐and ๐
๐(๐, ๐๐) ฬธ>๐๐๐ฝ๐๐๐} ;
(13)
(iv) for all ๐๐โ ๐พ๐, the set {๐ โ ๐พ : ๐ฝ
๐๐๐ฬธ<๐๐๐น๐(๐, ๐๐) ฬธ<๐๐๐ผ๐๐๐
is compactly closed in ๐พ;(v) there exist a nonempty compact subset ๐ท of ๐พ and a
nonempty compact convex subset ๐ธ๐โ ๐พ๐, for each ๐ โ
๐ผ, such that, for all๐ โ ๐พ\๐ท, there exists ๐ โ ๐ผ such that๐๐โ ๐ธ๐satisfying ๐
๐โ ๐ด๐(๐) and either ๐น
๐(๐, ๐๐)๐๐
<
๐ผ๐๐๐or ๐น๐(๐, ๐๐)>๐๐๐ฝ๐๐๐.
Then the problem SGQOEP (10) has a solution.
Proof. For each ๐ โ ๐ผ and for all ๐ โ ๐พ, define two set-valuedmappings ๐บ
๐, ๐ป๐: ๐พ โ 2
๐พ๐ by
๐บ๐(๐) = {๐
๐โ ๐พ๐: ๐น๐(๐, ๐๐) <๐๐๐ผ๐๐๐or ๐น๐(๐, ๐๐) >๐๐๐ฝ๐๐๐} ,
๐ป๐(๐) = {๐
๐โ ๐พ๐: ๐๐(๐, ๐๐)๐๐
ฬธ< ๐ผ๐๐๐and ๐
๐(๐, ๐๐) ฬธ>๐๐๐ฝ๐๐๐} .
(14)
Condition (iii) implies that, for each ๐ โ ๐ผ and for all ๐ โ ๐พ,๐ถ๐๐บ๐(๐) โ ๐ป
๐(๐).
From condition (ii), we have ๐๐โ ๐ป๐(๐) for all ๐ โ ๐พ and
for each ๐ โ ๐ผ.Thus, for each ๐ โ ๐ผ and for all ๐
๐โ ๐พ๐,
๐บโ1
๐(๐๐) = {๐ โ ๐พ : ๐น
๐(๐, ๐๐) <๐๐๐ผ๐๐๐or ๐น๐(๐, ๐๐) >๐๐๐ฝ๐๐๐} .
(15)
We have complement of ๐บโ1๐(๐๐) in๐พ:
[๐บโ1
๐(๐๐)]๐
= {๐ฝ๐๐๐ฬธ<๐๐๐น๐(๐, ๐๐) ฬธ<๐๐๐ผ๐๐๐} , (16)
which is compactly closed by virtue of condition (iv). There-fore, for each ๐ โ ๐ผ and for all ๐
๐โ ๐พ๐, ๐บโ1
๐(๐๐) is compactly
open in๐พ.For each ๐ โ ๐ผ, define two set-valued mappings ๐
๐, ๐๐:
๐พ โ 2๐พ๐ by
๐๐(๐) =
{
{
{
๐บ๐(๐) โฉ ๐ด
๐(๐) ; if ๐ โ F
๐
๐ด๐(๐) ; if ๐ โ ๐พ \F
๐,
๐๐(๐) =
{
{
{
๐ป๐(๐) โฉ ๐ต
๐(๐) ; if ๐ โ F
๐
๐ต๐(๐) ; if ๐ โ ๐พ \F
๐.
(17)
Thus, for each ๐ โ ๐ผ and for all ๐ โ ๐พ,๐ถ๐๐บ๐(๐) โ ๐ป
๐(๐) and
in view of condition (i), we obtain ๐ถ๐๐๐(๐) โ ๐
๐(๐). It is easy
to see that
๐๐
โ1(๐๐) = (๐ด
๐
โ1(๐๐) โฉ ๐บ๐
โ1(๐๐))โ((๐พ \F
๐) โฉ ๐ด๐
โ1(๐๐))
(18)
for each ๐ โ ๐ผ and for all ๐ โ ๐พ. Thus, for each ๐ โ ๐ผ and forall๐บ๐
โ1(๐๐), ๐ด๐
โ1(๐๐) and๐พ\F
๐are compactly open in๐พ. We
have ๐๐
โ1(๐๐) being compactly open in ๐พ. Also ๐
๐โ ๐๐(๐) for
all ๐ โ ๐พ and for each ๐ โ ๐ผ.Then, byTheorem 5, there exists ๐ โ ๐พ such that ๐
๐(๐) =
0 for each ๐ โ ๐ผ. If ๐ โ ๐พ \F๐, then ๐ด
๐(๐) = ๐
๐(๐) = 0, which
contradicts the fact that ๐ด๐(๐) is nonempty for each ๐ โ ๐ผ
and for all ๐ โ ๐. Hence, ๐ โ F๐, for each ๐ โ ๐ผ. Therefore,
๐๐โ ๐ต๐(๐) and ๐บ
๐(๐) โฉ ๐ด
๐(๐) = 0, for all ๐ โ ๐ผ. Thus, for each
๐ โ ๐ผ, ๐๐โ ๐ต๐(๐) and ๐ฝ
๐๐๐ฬธ<๐๐๐น๐(๐, ๐๐) ฬธ<๐๐๐ผ๐๐๐for all ๐
๐โ ๐ด๐(๐).
This completes the proof.
Now, we establish an existence result for SGQOEP (10)involving ๐-condensing maps.
Theorem 11. For each ๐ โ ๐ผ, assume that conditions (i)โ(iv)of Theorem 10. hold. Let ๐ be a measure of noncompactness onโ๐โ๐ผ
๐๐. Further, assume that the set-valuedmapping ๐ต : ๐พ โ
2๐พ defined as ๐พ
๐is a nonempty, closed, and convex subset of a
locally convex Hausdorff topological vector space ๐๐and ๐น
๐:
๐พร๐พ๐โ ๐๐is a bifunction and let the set-valuedmapping๐ด =
โ๐โ๐ผ
๐ด๐: ๐พ โ 2
๐พ defined as ๐ต(๐) = โ๐โ๐ผ
๐ต๐(๐), โ๐ โ ๐พ be
๐-condensing. Then, there exists a solution ๐ โ ๐พ of SGQOEP(10).
Proof. In view of Remark 7, it is sufficient to show that theset-valued mapping ๐ : ๐พ โ 2๐พ defined as ๐(๐) =โ๐โ๐ผ
๐๐(๐), โ๐ โ ๐พ, is ๐-condensing, where ๐
๐s are the same
as defined in the proof of Theorem 10. By the definition of๐๐, ๐๐(๐) โ ๐ต
๐(๐), โ๐ โ ๐ผ and โ๐ โ ๐พ and therefore ๐(๐) โ
๐ด(๐), โ๐ โ ๐พ. Since๐ต is๐-condensing, by Remark 7, we have๐ being also ๐-condensing.
This completes the proof.
Next, we derive the existence result for the solution ofSGQOEPLUB (12).
-
International Journal of Analysis 5
Corollary 12. For each ๐ โ ๐ผ, let ๐พ๐be a nonempty convex
subset of a topological vector space๐๐and๐น๐, ๐ฟ๐, ๐๐: ๐พร๐พ
๐โ
R are the bifunctions, ๐ต๐: ๐พ โ 2
๐พ๐ is a set-valued mappingsuch that the set F
๐= {๐ โ ๐พ : ๐
๐โ ๐ต๐(๐)} is compactly
closed, ๐ด๐: ๐พ โ 2
๐พ๐ is a set-valued mapping with nonemptyvalues such that, for each ๐
๐โ ๐พ๐, ๐ด๐
โ1(๐๐) is compactly open
in ๐พ, and ๐ผ๐, ๐ฝ๐โ R are two real numbers such that ๐ผ
๐โค ๐ฝ๐.
For each ๐ โ ๐ผ, assume that the following conditions hold:
(i) for all ๐ โ ๐พ, ๐ถ๐๐ด๐(๐) โ ๐ต
๐(๐);
(ii) for all ๐ โ ๐พ, ๐ฟ๐(๐, ๐๐) < ๐ผ๐or ๐๐(๐, ๐๐) > ๐ฝ๐;
(iii) for all๐ โ ๐พ and for every nonempty finite subset๐๐โ
{๐๐โ ๐พ๐: ๐น๐(๐, ๐๐) < ๐ผ๐or ๐น๐(๐, ๐๐) > ๐ฝ๐}, we have
๐ถ๐๐๐โ {๐๐โ ๐พ๐: ๐ฟ๐(๐, ๐๐) โฅ ๐ผ๐and ๐
๐(๐, ๐๐) โค ๐ฝ๐} ; (19)
(iv) for all ๐๐โ ๐พ๐, the set {๐ โ ๐พ : ๐ผ
๐โค ๐น๐(๐, ๐๐) โค ๐ฝ๐} is
compactly closed in ๐พ;(v) there exist a nonempty compact subset ๐ท of ๐พ and a
nonempty compact convex subset ๐ธ๐โ ๐พ๐, for each ๐ โ
๐ผ, such that, for all๐ โ ๐พ\๐ท, there exists ๐ โ ๐ผ such that๐๐โ ๐ธ๐satisfying ๐
๐โ ๐ด๐(๐) and either ๐น
๐(๐, ๐๐) < ๐ผ๐
or ๐น๐(๐, ๐๐) > ๐ฝ๐.
Then the problem SGQOEPLUB (12) has a solution.
Proof. For each ๐ โ ๐ผ and for all ๐ โ ๐พ, define two set-valuedmappings ๐บ
๐, ๐ป๐: ๐พ โ 2
๐พ๐ by
๐บ๐(๐) = {๐
๐โ ๐พ๐: ๐น๐(๐, ๐๐) < ๐ผ๐or ๐น๐(๐, ๐๐) > ๐ฝ๐} ,
๐ป๐(๐) = {๐
๐โ ๐พ๐: ๐ฟ๐(๐, ๐๐) โฅ ๐ผ๐and ๐
๐(๐, ๐๐) โค ๐ฝ๐} .
(20)
Condition (iii) implies that, for each ๐ โ ๐ผ and for all ๐ โ ๐พ,๐ถ๐๐บ๐(๐) โ ๐ป
๐(๐).
From condition (ii), we have ๐๐โ ๐ป๐(๐) for all ๐ โ ๐พ and
for each ๐ โ ๐ผ.Thus, for each ๐ โ ๐ผ and for all ๐
๐โ ๐พ๐,
๐บโ1
๐(๐๐) = {๐ โ ๐พ : ๐น
๐(๐, ๐๐) < ๐ผ๐or ๐น๐(๐, ๐๐) > ๐ฝ๐} . (21)
We have complement of ๐บโ1๐(๐๐) in๐พ:
[๐บโ1
๐(๐๐)]๐
= {๐ผ๐โค ๐น๐(๐, ๐๐) โค ๐ฝ๐} , (22)
which is compactly closed by virtue of condition (iv). There-fore, for each ๐ โ ๐ผ and for all ๐
๐โ ๐พ๐, ๐บโ1
๐(๐๐) is compactly
open in๐พ.For each ๐ โ ๐ผ, define two set-valued mappings ๐
๐, ๐๐:
๐พ โ 2๐พ
๐by
๐๐(๐) =
{
{
{
๐บ๐(๐) โฉ ๐ด
๐(๐) if ๐ โ F
๐
๐ด๐(๐) ; if ๐ โ ๐พ \F
๐,
๐๐(๐) =
{
{
{
๐ป๐(๐) โฉ ๐ต
๐(๐) if ๐ โ F
๐
๐ต๐(๐) ; if ๐ โ ๐พ \F
๐.
(23)
Thus, for each ๐ โ ๐ผ and for all ๐ โ ๐พ,๐ถ๐๐บ๐(๐) โ ๐ป
๐(๐) and
in view of condition (i), we obtain ๐ถ๐๐๐(๐) โ ๐
๐(๐). It is easy
to see that
๐๐
โ1(๐๐) = (๐ด
๐
โ1(๐๐) โฉ ๐บ๐
โ1(๐๐))โ((๐พ \F
๐) โฉ ๐ด๐
โ1(๐๐))
(24)
for each ๐ โ ๐ผ and for all ๐ โ ๐พ. Thus, for each ๐ โ ๐ผ and forall๐บ๐
โ1(๐๐), ๐ด๐
โ1(๐๐) and๐พ\F
๐are compactly open in๐พ. We
have ๐๐
โ1(๐๐) being compactly open in ๐พ. Also ๐
๐โ ๐๐(๐) for
all ๐ โ ๐พ and for each ๐ โ ๐ผ.Then, byTheorem 5, there exists ๐ โ ๐พ such that ๐
๐(๐) =
0 for each ๐ โ ๐ผ. If ๐ โ ๐พ \F๐, then ๐ด
๐(๐) = ๐
๐(๐) = 0, which
contradicts the fact that ๐ด๐(๐) is nonempty for each ๐ โ ๐ผ
and for all ๐ โ ๐. Hence, ๐ โ F๐, for each ๐ โ ๐ผ. Therefore,
๐๐โ ๐ต๐(๐) and ๐บ
๐(๐) โฉ ๐ด
๐(๐) = 0, for all ๐ โ ๐ผ. Thus, for each
๐ โ ๐ผ, ๐๐โ ๐ต๐(๐) and ๐ผ
๐โค ๐น๐(๐, ๐๐) โค ๐ฝ
๐for all ๐
๐โ ๐ด๐(๐).
This completes the proof.
Now, we establish an existence result for SGQOEPLUB(12) involving ๐-condensing maps.
Theorem 13. For each ๐ โ ๐ผ, assume that conditions (i)โ(iv)of Corollary 12 hold. Let ๐ be a measure of noncompactnesson โ๐โ๐ผ
๐๐. Further, assume that the set-valued mapping ๐ต :
๐พ โ 2๐พ defined as๐พ
๐is a nonempty, closed, and convex subset
of a locally convex Hausdorff topological vector space ๐๐and
๐น๐: ๐พร๐พ
๐โ R is a bifunction and let the set-valuedmapping
๐ด = โ๐โ๐ผ
๐ด๐: ๐พ โ 2
๐พ defined as ๐ต(๐) = โ๐โ๐ผ
๐ต๐(๐), โ๐ โ
๐พ, be ๐-condensing. Then, there exists a solution ๐ โ ๐พ ofSGQOEPLUB (12).
Proof. In view of Remark 7, it is sufficient to show that theset-valued mapping ๐ : ๐พ โ 2๐พ defined as ๐(๐) =โ๐โ๐ผ
๐๐(๐), โ๐ โ ๐พ, is ๐-condensing, where ๐๐๐ are the same
as defined in the proof of Theorem 10. By the definition of๐๐, ๐๐(๐) โ ๐ต
๐(๐), โ๐ โ ๐ผ and โ๐ โ ๐พ and therefore ๐(๐) โ
๐ด(๐), โ๐ โ ๐พ. Since๐ต is๐-condensing, by Remark 7, we have๐ being also ๐-condensing.
This completes the proof.
Conflict of Interests
The author declares that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper.
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