research article taes 142 41 53: isso 0002-8320 http...

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Publication date: 19 May 2016

TAES 142 41- 53: ISSO 0002-8320

http://taes.entomology-aes.org/

INTRODUCTION

Members of the family Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) are important parasitoids of mealybugs, scales, psyllids, aphids, and also other insects like Lepidoptera, Neuroptera and the eggs of ticks (Acarina) and spiders (Hayat, 2006). At present, 645 species of encyrtids are known from India (Noyes 2015, Rameshkumar and Poorani 2015, Rameshkumar et al. 2016, Manickavasagam and Krishnachaitanya 2016). The diversity and host associations of the Indian fauna of Encyrtidae have not been documented in detail so far. Due to the passive methods of collection employed for collecting parasitic Hymenoptera in general including encyrtids, their host associations are either not known or are often based on erroneous host identities. Based on continuous and extensive surveys for encyrtids, we have been documenting their distribution range and also host associations based on host rearing. In this paper, we report two species of encyrtids for the first time from India and new distribution records for several species in southern India. New host associations based on rearing are reported for nine species of encyrtids.

METHODS

The parasitoids were collected from the states of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu by four collection methods (host rearing, net sweep, yellow pan trap and Malaise trap) in different ecosystems. The specimens were processed and mounted as per standard protocol (Noyes 1982) and identified using the keys of Noyes and Hayat (1984 & 1994) and Hayat (2006). Stack images of the species studied were generated using Leica M205A stereo microscope, stacked using Combine ZP and touched up in Photoshop Elements 11. Voucher specimens are deposited in the reference collections of ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources (ICAR-NBAIR), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Among the encyrtids collected and documented during the surveys, two species, namely, Acerophagus orientalis (Ferrière) and Cryptanusia albiclava Girault, are reported for the first time from India. Besides these, 23 encyrtids from southern India are reported as new distribution records. Insect hosts of nine encyrtids were also recorded for

New Distribution and Host Records of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from India Including First Reports of Acerophagus orientalis (Ferriere)

and Cryptanusia albiclava Girault

A. RAMESHkUMAR1, J. POORANI2 AND SUNIL JOSHI1

1Division of Insect Systematics, National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, India. [email protected], [email protected]

2National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Trichy 620102, Tamil Nadu, India. (corresponding author); [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Acerophagus orientalis (Ferrière) and Cryptanusia albiclava Girault (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) are reported for the first time from India. Besides, new distribution records for 23 species and new host records for nine species of Encyrtidae are documented from different parts of Southern India.

kEY WORDS: Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae, distributional records, host, India.

NEW RECORDS OF ENCYRTIDAE FROM INDIA42

the first time based on host rearing.

1. Acerophagus orientalis (Ferrière) (Figs 1a-c)

Pseudaphycus orientalis Ferrière, 1937: 315.Acerophagus orientalis (Ferrière): Trjapitzin, 2008: 168.

Diagnosis — Length 0.50–0.75 mm. Head (Fig. 1a) orange yellow, cheeks and mouth pale yellow, almost white; ocelli and tip of mandibles reddish brown; eyes black; mesosoma with mesonotum, axillae and scutellum orange yellow; scutellum with a brown transverse stripe behind middle; posterior margin of pronotum, tegulae and lower part of mesosoma whitish; anterior part of pronotum and propodeum brownish; metasoma yellowish with transverse brown stripes, tip of ovipositor broadly brown; antennae (Fig. 1c) with scape yellow below; pedicel and funicle more or less brown; fifth funicle segment and clava white; legs whitish, middle and hind tibiae with two brown annelli more or less well marked, tarsi yellowish; wings with a faint dusky cloud below stigmal vein beyond oblique hairless streak. Frontovertex about twice as long as wide, inner margin of eyes parallel; antennae inserted at base of face near sides of clypeus; scape slightly broadened, reaching lilttle above antennal furrows; clava longer than funicle; mesosoma covered with white setae; fore wing (Fig. 1b) with marginal vein punctiform; stigmal vein rounded at tip, about twice as long as postmarginal vein; wings with hairless streak interrupted below middle, not quite reaching posterior margin of wing; ovipositor protruding by about 1/5 of length of mesosoma. Male. Similar to female except funicle segments dark brown and anterior one-fifth of mesoscutum brown (based on Ferriere 1937).

Specimens examined — INDIA, Karnataka, Bangalore, Hebbal, 8 females, 2 males, ex. Planococcus citri on citrus plant, 26.vii.2013, S. Joshi.

Variations: In female, colour of frontovertex varying from lemon yellow to orange; in few females, anterior margin of mesoscutum orange, in some specimens with brown patches/streaks.

Hosts — Planococcus kenyae, P. lilacinus (Noyes 2013). Planococcus citri (Risso) (new host

record).Distribution — Philippines (Ferrière, 1937),

India (Karnataka) (new record). Notes — In India, hitherto only four species of Acerophagus (including A. papayae Noyes & Schauff, an introduced species) have been recorded. We reared this species from Planococcus citri, which constitutes a new host record.

2. Cryptanusia albiclava Girault (Fig. 2)

Cryptanusia Girault, 1917: 14. Type species: Cryptanusia albiclava Girault by original designation and monotypy.

Anusoidea Girault, 1926: 128. Type species Anusoidea aureiscutellum Girault by original designation and monotypy. Synonymy with Cryptanusia by Gordh and Trjapitzin, 1981: 14.

Diagnosis — Length 1.29–1.67 mm. Head and mesosoma orange; a brown stripe more or less connecting each torulus to eye margin; mesoscutum clothed in conspicuous silvery white setae, normally distinctly dusky; scape pale to dark orange with extreme apex white; funicle pale yellowish orange to dark brown; clava white, dusky proximally; mesosternum dusky; legs yellow to orange; fore wing weakly infuscate with base and apex hyaline; hind wing hyaline; metasoma yellow orange to orange brown. Scape only slightly shorter than head; antennae with funicle 1 and 2 subequal in length. Fore wing with submarginal vein strongly bent downwards subapically and stigmal vein longer than marginal; ovipositor about half as long as mid tibia (based on Noyes and Hayat 1994).

Specimen examined — INDIA: Kerala, Kasaragod, Central Plantation Crops Research Institute campus, 1 female, Malaise trap on weedy field, 06.xii, 2012, A. Rameshkumar.

Hosts — Pseudococcus citriculus (Gordh, 1974a & b), Pseudococcus sp. on an orchid (Tachikawa, 1968).

Distribution — Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Peoples’ Republic of China, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand (Noyes 2013), India (new record).

Comments — Seven species of Cryptanusia are known at present, with only one species, C.

RAMESHKUMAR, POORANI, AND JOSHI 43

ajmerensis (Fatma & Shafee) reported from India (Rajasthan) by Fatma and Shafee (1988).

3. Adektitopus gordhi Noyes & Hayat (Fig. 3)

Specimens examined — INDIA: Karnataka, Shimoga, 2 females, yellow pan trap in guava orchard, 30.x.2013, A. Rameshkumar.

Host — Unknown. Distribution — India: Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu

(Hayat, 2006), Karnataka (new record).

4. Aenasius indicus (Narayanan & Subba Rao)

(Fig. 4) Specimens examined — INDIA: Karnataka,

Bangalore, Hebbal, 6 females, ex. mealybug on indet. plant, 07.viii.2012, S. Joshi.

Hosts — Ferrisia virgata, Nipaecoccus sp., N. vastator, N. viridis, Planococcoides robustus, Coccus viridis, Icerya formicarum (Noyes 2013).

Distribution — India: Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarkhand (Noyes 2013), Karnataka (new record).

5. Anagyrus diversicornis (Howard) (Fig. 5)

Specimens examined — INDIA: Karnataka, Bangalore, Sulthanpalayam, 4 females, ex. Phenacoccus parvus on Cestrum nocturnum, 08.viii.2012, S. Joshi.

Hosts — Phenacoccus gossypii, P. herreni, P. manihoti (Noyes 2013), P. parvus (new host record). During our surveys, this species was frequently collected in association with P. parvus from Karnataka.

Distribution — India: Tamil Nadu (Hayat, 2006), Kerala (Manickavasagam & Rameshkumar, 2011), Karnataka (Hayat et al. 2015).

6. Aphycaspis magniclavus (Fatma & Shafee) (Fig. 32)

Specimen examined — INDIA: Karnataka,

Bangalore, Hebbal, NBAII campus, 1 female, ex. Pupa of Indet. Coniopterygidae on indet. Plant, 11.x.2013, J. Poorani.

Host — Pupa of an unidentified Coniopterygid (Neuroptera) (new host record).

Distribution — Uttar Pradesh (Hayat 2006), Karnataka (Hayat et al. 2015).

Notes — We reared this species from the pupa of an unidentified Coniopterygid (Neuroptera), a new host for this genus. This species was recently transferred to Aphycaspis by Hayat et al. (2015).

7. Bothriothorax kazirangaensis Hayat & Singh (Fig. 9)

Specimen examined — INDIA: Karnataka, Bangalore, IWST campus, 1 female, Malaise trap on forest land, 30.xi.2012, Rajesh.

Host — Stictococcus sp. (Noyes 2015).Distribution — India: Assam (Hayat 2006),

Karnataka (new record).

8. Cerchysius laticeps kerrich (Fig. 7)

Specimens examined — INDIA: Karnataka, Bangalore, Malleshwaram, 12 females, ex. Nipaecoccus sp. on indet. plant, 14.iv.2008, J. Poorani.

Hosts — Puparia of Cacoxenus sp. (Diptera: Drosophilidae) (Singh & Agarwal, 1993) and Leucopis sp. (Hayat & Subba Rao, 1981).

Distribution — India: Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya (Hayat 2006), Karnataka (new record).

9. Cheiloneurus kerrichi Hayat, Alam & Agarwal (Fig. 6)

Specimen examined — INDIA: Karnataka, Bangalore, Hebbal, 1 female, Anomalococcus indicus on Acacia sp., 15.xi.2012, S. Joshi.

Hosts — Anomalococcus crematogastri on Acacia arabica (Hayat et al. 1975), A. indicus (new host record).

Distribution — India: Tamil Nadu (Hayat 2006), Karnataka (new record).


10. Cheiloneurus nigricornis Hayat, Alam & Agarwal (Fig. 8)

Specimen examined — INDIA: Tamil Nadu, Cuddalore, Chidambaram, Annamalai University premises, 1 female, yellow pan trap in mango orchard, 17.vi, 2012, A. Rameshkumar.

Host — Rastrococcus invadens (Agricola and Fischer 1991).

Distribution — India: Assam, Bihar, Uttarkhand (Hayat, 2006), Uttar Pradesh (Hayat 1986), Tamil Nadu (new record).

11. Cheiloneurus zeyai Anis & Hayat (Fig. 10)

Specimens examined — INDIA: Karnataka, Bangalore, Devarayapura, 6 females, ex: Drepanococcus sp. on field bean, 01.ix, 2010, Umeshkumar.

Host — Drepanococcus sp. (new host record)Distribution — India: Delhi, Kerala (Hayat

2006), Karnataka (Hayat and Veenakumari 2014).

12. Coccidoctonus terebratus Hayat, Alam & Agarwal (Fig. 11)

Specimens examined — INDIA: Karnataka, Bangalore, Hebbal, 2 females, 2 males, ex. Maconellicoccus hirsutus on indet. plant, 16.x.2012, S. Joshi.

Hosts — Nipaecoccus vastator (Hayat et al., 1975), N. viridis (Hayat 1986 and Noyes and Hayat 1994), Maconellicoccus hirsutus (new host record).

Distribution — India: Tamil Nadu (Hayat, 2006), Karnataka (new record).

13. Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Shafee, Alam & Agarwal) (Figs 12, 13)

Specimens examined — INDIA: Karnataka, Udupi, Karkala, 11 females, 4 males, ex. Psyllids on curry leaves, 26.vi.2010, Umeshkumar.

Hosts — Diaphorina sp., D. cardiae on Cardia ruyxa (Hayat 1981); Psylla sp. on Citrus sp. (Shafee et al. 1975). This is a promising parasitoid of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Rohrig et al. 2012) and is frequently collected on

this host in large numbers. Distribution — India: Andhra Pradesh,

Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh (Hayat 2006), Karnataka (new record).

14. Diversinervus cervantesi (Girault) (Fig. 14)

Specimen examined — INDIA: Tamil Nadu, Cuddalore, Chidambaram, 1 female, yellow pan trap in mango orchard, 06.x.2012, A. Rameshkumar.

Hosts — Ceroplastes floridensis, Coccus hesperidum, Pulvinaria cellulosa, P. mesembryanthemi, Saissetia coffeae, S. oleae (Noyes, 2013).

Distribution — India: Andaman & Nicobar Islands (Hayat 2006), Tamil Nadu (new record).

15. Diversinervus madgaoensis Hayat, Alam & Agarwal (Fig. 15)

Specimens examined — INDIA: Karnataka, Bangalore, Hebbal, 2 females, ex. Ceroplastes sp. on weed, 08.iii.2011, J. Poorani.

Hosts — Ceroplastes actiniformis on Mangifera indica (Hayat et al. 1975); C. pseudoceriferus on M. indica (Sankaran 1955).

Distribution — India: Goa, Uttar Pradesh (Hayat, 2006), Karnataka (new record).

16. Gyranusoidea indica Shafee, Alam & Agarwal (Figs 16, 17)

Specimens examined — INDIA: Karnataka, Bangalore, Kanakapura, 4 females, ex. Mealybugs on Pomelo, 02.iv.2011, S.K. Rajeswari; Karnataka, Bangalore, Hesaraghatta, 2 females, ex. Mealybugs on Pomelo, 18.vii.2007, Ankita Gupta.

Hosts — Nipaecoccus sp. on Zizyphus sp. (Shafee et al. 1975); indet. coccids on Croton (Shafee et al. 1975).

Distribution — India: Bihar, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh (Hayat 2006), Karnataka (new record).


17. Homalotylus indicus (Agarwal) (Fig. 18)

Specimens examined — INDIA: Karnataka, Bangalore, Hebbal, 6 females, ex. Nipaecoccus viridis on indet. plant, 16.vi.2012, S. Joshi.

Hosts — Indet. Scymnini larvae on Azadirachta indica and [coccinellids predaceous on]: Coccidohystrix insolita on Solanum melongena (Hayat, 1977); Nipaecoccus viridis on mulberry, Nerium sp. and Zizyphus sp. (Subba Rao, 1967); Planococcus citri on Citrus medica (Agarwal, 1966); Rastrococcus iceryoides on Capparis sp. (Hayat et al. 1975).

Distribution — India: Delhi, Kerala, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh (Hayat 2006), Karnataka (new record).

18. Leptomastix longicornis khan & Shafee (Fig. 19)

Specimens examined — INDIA: Karnataka, Bangalore, Hebbal, 4 females, ex. Phenacoccus divaricatus on indet. plant, 28.v.2013,S. Joshi.

Hosts — Indet. coccid on wild plant (Khan & Shafee 1975), Phenacoccus divaricatus on indet. plant (New host record).

Distribution — India: Karnataka (Hayat 2006).

19. Mahencyrtus indicus Singh & Agarwal (Fig. 20)

Specimen examined — INDIA: Tamil Nadu, Cuddalore, Chidambaram, Annamalai University premises, 1 female, yellow pan trap in mango orchard, 09.vi. 2012, A. Rameshkumar.

Host — Unknown.Distribution — India: Assam (Singh and

Agarwal, 1993), Tamil Nadu (new record)

20. Meniscocephalus notialis Hayat (Fig. 21)

Specimen examined — INDIA: Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, Valparai, Urulikkal, 1 female, yellow pan trap in weedy field, 27.i.2013, A. Rameshkumar.

Host — Unknown.

Distribution — India: Kerala (Hayat 2006), Tamil Nadu (new record).

21. Microterys jorhatensis Singh & Hayat (Fig. 23)

Specimen examined — INDIA: Karnataka, Bangalore, Hebbal, 1 female, ex. Antonina sp. on Bamboo, 28.i.2013, S. Joshi.

Hosts — Indet. coccids on Bambusa sp. (Singh & Hayat, 2002), Antonina sp. on bamboo (new host record).

Distribution — India: Assam (Hayat 2006), Karnataka (new record).

22. Neocladia uttara (Hayat) (Fig. 24)

Specimen examined — INDIA: Karnataka, Bangalore, Kunigal, 1 female, yellow pan trap in grassy field, 05.02.2013, A. Rameshkumar.

Host — Unknown.Distribution — India: Uttarkhand (Hayat 2006),

Karnataka (new record).

23. Pentelicus depunctatus Manickavasagam & Chaitanya (Fig. 25)

Specimens examined — INDIA: Kerala, Kasaragod, Central Plantation Crops Research Institute campus, 3 females, yellow pan traps in mixed crop field, 06.xii.2012, A. Rameshkumar.

Host — Unknown.Distribution — India: Tamil Nadu

(Manickavasagam and Krishna Chaitanya 2015), Kerala (new record).

24. Prionomastix tamilnadensis Manickavasagam & krishnachaitanya (Fig. 22)

Specimen examined — INDIA: Karnataka, Bangalore, Hebbal, 1 female, ex. membracid on Prosopis sp., 28.xi.2012, S. Joshi.

Host — Gongroneura fasciata (Prinsloo, 1983).

Distribution — India: Tamil Nadu (Manickavasagam and Rameshkumar 2011), Karnataka (new record).


Note — This species was misidentified and reported as Prionomastix siccarius Annecke by Manickavasagam and Rameshkumar (2011). Recently, Manickavasagam and Krishnachaitanya (2016) described it as a new species from Tamil Nadu.

25. Prochiloneurus albifuniculus (Hayat, Alam & Agarwal) (Fig. 26)

Specimens examined — INDIA: Karnataka, Bangalore, Hebbal, 3 females, ex. Phenacoccus sp. on Hibiscus sp., 23.iii.2010, S. Joshi.

Hosts — [with] Antonina sp. on grass (Hayat, 2006); Coccidohystrix insolita, Nipaecoccus sp. on Citrus sp., indet. coccids (Hayat et al. 1975).

Distribution — India: Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh (Hayat 2006), Karnataka (new record).

26. Prochiloneurus comperei Viggiani (Fig. 27)

Specimens — INDIA: Karnataka, Bangalore, Chintamani, 6 females, ex. Phenacoccus sp. on Abutilon indicum, 16.iii.2011, J. Poorani.

Hosts — [with] Icerya ?formicarum on Acacia sp., Nipaecoccus sp. on Casuarina equisetifolia and Morus alba (Hayat et al., 1975).

Distribution — India: Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, Tamil Nadu (Hayat 2006), Karnataka (new record).

27. Psyllaephagus mycopsyllus Singh (Fig. 28)

Specimens examined — INDIA: Karnataka, Bangalore, Hebbal, 9 females, ex. Psyllids on Ficus sp., 16.ix.2011, Lakshmi. L.

Host — Mycopsylla sp. on Ficus religiosa (Singh, 1996).

Distribution — India: Goa, Maharashtra, Mizoram (Hayat 2006), Karnataka (new record).

28. Trechnites manaliensis Hayat, Alam & Agarwal (Fig. 29)

Specimen examined — INDIA: Karnataka, Bangalore, Kunigal, 1 female, yellow pan trap in

grassy field, 05.02.2013, A. Rameshkumar.Hosts — Euphyllura eastooi, E. longiciliata

and Psylla hyalina (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (Noyes 2013).

Distribution — India: Himachal Pradesh (Hayat 2006), Karnataka (new record).

29. Tyndarichus albiclavatus (Shafee, Alam & Agarwal) (Fig. 30)

Specimens examined — INDIA: Karnataka, Kolar, Gauribidanur, 7 females, ex. Anomalococcus indicus on Acacia sp., 15.v.2013, J. Poorani.

Hosts — Nipaecoccus sp. (Shafee et al. 1975), Anomalococcus indicus on Acacia sp. (new host record).

Distribution — India: Tamil Nadu (Hayat 2006), Karnataka (new record).

30. Zaplatycerus tachikawai (Subba Rao) (Fig. 31)

Specimen examined — INDIA: Karnataka, Bangalore, Kanakapura, 1 female, ex. Rastrococcus iceryoides on mango, 24.viii.2010, J. Poorani.

Hosts — Icerya seychellarum (Kerrich, 1978); Rastrococcus iceryoides on Mangifera indica (Hayat et al. 1975).

Distribution — India: Odisha, Uttarkhand, Uttar Pradesh (Hayat 2006), Karnataka (new record).

ACkNOWLEDGEMENTS

This work was carried out under the Network Project on Insect Biosystematics funded by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi. Facilities provided by the Director, NBAII, for the studies are acknowledged.

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Figs. 1a–c. Acerophagus orientalis (Ferriere): a. Female, dorsal view; b. Fore wing; c. Antenna, female; 2. Cryptanusia albiclava Girault.


Figs 3–10. 3. Adektitopus gordhi Noyes & Hayat; 4. Aenasius indicus (Narayanan & Subba Rao); 5. Anagyrus diversicornis (Howard); 6. Cheiloneurus kerrichi Hayat, Alam & Agarwal; 7. Cerchysius laticeps Kerrich; 8. Cheiloneurus nigricornis Hayat, Alam & Agarwal; 9. Bothriothorax kazirangaensis Hayat & Singh; 10. Cheiloneurus zeyai Anis & Hayat.


Figs 11–18: 11. Coccidoctonus terebratus Hayat, Alam & Agarwal; 12. Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Shafee, Alam & Agarwal), female; 13. Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis, male; 14. Diversinervus cervantesi (Girault); 15. Diversinervus madgaoensis Hayat, Alam & Agarwal; 16. Gyranusoidea indica Shafee, Alam & Agarwal, dorsal view; 17. Gyranusoidea indica, profile; 18. Homalotylus indicus (Agarwal).


Figs 19–27: 19. Leptomastix longicornis Khan & Shafee; 20. Mahencyrtus indicus Singh & Agarwal; 21. Meniscocephalus notialis Hayat; 22. Prionomastix tamilnadensis Manickavasagam & Chaitanya; 23. Microterys jorhatensis Singh & Hayat; 24. Neocladia uttara (Hayat); 25. Pentelicus depunctatus Manickavasagam & Chaitanya; 26. Prochiloneurus albifuniculus (Hayat, Alam & Agarwal); 27. Prochiloneurus comperei Viggiani.


Figs 28–31: 28. Psyllaephagus mycopsyllus Singh; 29. Trechnites manaliensis Hayat, Alam & Agarwal; 30. Tyndarichus albiclavatus (Shafee, Alam & Agarwal); 31. Zaplatycerus tachikawai (Subba Rao); 32. Aphycaspis magniclavus (Fatma & Shafee).

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