research elements of integrated vehicle based safety systems jack ference, ivbss technical manager...

Research Elements of Integrated Vehicle Based

Safety Systems

Jack Ference, IVBSS Technical ManagerITS America Annual Meeting

May, 2005

May, 2005 ITS America 2005 Slide 2

What is IVBSS?

• A New Tier I Initiative

• Vision: All vehicles would be equipped with integrated driver assistance systems to help drivers avoid the most common types of crashes.

• Goal: To work with industry to accelerate introduction of integrated vehicle-based safety systems into the U.S. vehicle fleet.

• Addresses 3 Crash Types:• Rear End• Road Departure• Lane Change

Who’s Involved

Program Manager: Jack Ference

Program Coordinator: Mike Schagrin, FHWA ITS JPO

Commercial Vehicle Lead:Tim Johnson

Evaluation Leader: Wassim Najm

Transit Vehicle Lead:Brian Cronin


Program Timeline

7/04 10/0910/05 4/06 10/06 4/07 10/07 4/08 10/08 4/09

System Design

Performance Specifications

Test Procedures

Build and validate prototype

vehicles

Vehicle Validation

Conduct FOT

FOT Start

FOT End

Perform independent evaluation

Benefits

Gov’t-initiated activity

Partner-led activityPreparatory Analyses

Partner Selection

Go/No Go


Program Activities & Tasks

Prepare program execution strategy

Solicit stakeholder input

Develop functional & evaluation requirements

Conduct technical review

Investigate preliminary DVI concepts

Assess business case/ deployment potential

Develop performance specifications

Design, build, & test sensor subsystems

Design, build, & test threat assessment algo.

Design, build, & test DVI

Develop objective test procedures

Design & build data acquisition systems

Integrate subsystems & build prototype vehicles

Conduct objective test procedures

Validate performance of prototype vehicles

Finalize design & build FOT-ready vehicles

Develop operational

concepts

Develop performance

specifications and test procedures

Build and validate

prototype vehicles

Preparatory Analyses Conduct FOT

Perform evaluation

System Design

Gov’t-initiated activity

Partner-led activity

Devise FOT Concepts

Recruit test subjects

Build vehicle fleet

Conduct pilot test

Conduct FOT

Devise evaluation strategy

Develop evaluation

plan

Develop analysis methods

Build database &

tools

Analyze data & write report

Gov’t-Industry activity


There are many research issues to look at:

• Multiple threats and Prioritization of warnings

• Ways to avoid a crash• Behavioral adaptation• Non-useful warnings

(includes false warnings)• Effective DVI design


Multiple Threats

• A major issue with multiple warnings is not only alerting the driver to the presence of multiple threats, but communicating the hazard type and appropriate response.

Key Human Factors Research Issues for IVBSS


Multiple ThreatsExample: FCW + Lane Change Warning

*From Chiang, Brooks, and Llaneras, Nov 2004, “Investigation of Multiple Collision Alarm InterferenceDriving Simulator Study”



Multiple Threats• How can multiple threats that occur

at near-simultaneous points in time be communicated to the driver?– Is multi-modal presentation more or less

effective than using one modality?– Can drivers discriminate between alerts

and effectively respond to each threat?

• Can an IVBSS system be effective without prioritization?



• Can a driver successfully be directed how to avoid a crash?– How many scenarios need to be developed

to understand what is possible?

• Are auditory instructions (such as “swerve left”) appropriate or are there better ways to elicit quicker or appropriate responses from drivers?– For example, a haptic cue or a pedal push

may result in quicker response times or less confusion as to how to respond

Avoiding a crash



Avoiding a crash

*From Chiang, Brooks, and Llaneras, Nov 2004, “Investigation of Multiple Collision Alarm InterferenceDriving Simulator Study”



• How should the system be designed to minimize adverse behavioral adaptation by drivers?– What is needed to prevent riskier

driving behavior due to the perception of increased safety provided by an (effective) crash avoidance system?

Behavioral Adaptation



• Non useful warnings include:– False alarms– Nuisance warnings

• Examples: – An FCW system detects an object ahead

of the vehicle on a curve, out of the intended travel path, but in the radar’s field of view

– A driver is already responding to an object detected by a CW system

Non useful warnings



• How will non-useful warnings (including false alarms) affect driver acceptance and system effectiveness?– What is the acceptable level of false alarms

and other non-useful warnings?

• Additional Examples:– A driver changes a lane without using a

turning signal and the system recognizes an off-path target

– A false curve speed warning goes off and an off-path target is detected

Non useful warnings



• Sensors and technology may be able to detect a crash threat, but the Driver Vehicle Interface (DVI) must be effective or the IVBSS system will not be successful.

DVI Design



• How will individual differences and intervening variables such as age be accommodated? What are the DVI implications?

• Should a DVI adapt to the state of the driver? (distracted, impaired, alert)

• Are there DVI parameters that should be standardized?

DVI Design



• The key to driver acceptance and successful deployment of IVBSS technology will be an effective DVI

• There are significant human factors research issues that need to be and will be addressed in the IVBSS program

• Creating an effective DVI may be a larger challenge than the integration of system hardware and software

Final Thoughts…


Contact:

Jack FerenceU.S. DOT /NHTSA(202) 366-0168

[email protected]

research elements of integrated vehicle based safety systems jack ference, ivbss technical manager...

Documents