"Correlation coefficient" by Kiatdd - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons

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column 1: raw data: big black dots showing the local maxima that are reported, dotted line is “true” simulated signal, black thick line is that signal with added noise. column 2: shows the results of ALE: the result is more of a curve because the “ALE statistic” reflects a probability value that at least one peak is within r mm of each voxel, so the highest values of course correspond to actual peaks. column 3: kernel density analysis (KDA) gives us a value at each voxel that represent the number of peaks within r mm of that voxel. If we divide by voxel resolution we can turn that into a “density” column 4: is MULTI kernel density analysis, which is the same as KDA, but the procedure is done for each study. The resulting “contrast indicator maps” are either 1 (yes, there is a peak within r mm) or 0 (nope).

The Wilcoxon signed-rank test is a non-parametric statistical hypothesis test used when comparing two related samples, matched samples, or repeated measurements on a single sample to assess whether their population mean ranks differ (i.e. it is a paired difference test). It can be used as an alternative to the paired Student's t-test, t-test for matched pairs, or the t-test for dependent samples when the population cannot be assumed to be normally distributed.[1]