research into sustainable energy and smart energy systems...high-electron-mobility transistor (hemt)...

© EnergyVille

Research

into sustainable energy

and smart energy systems

© EnergyVille

Energy System in Transition

Prosumers in Built

Environ-ment More

Electrification

DisruptiveStorage

Technology

DC both Bulk and Nanogrid

Unbundling: New

services& market models

Internet of Power

More Intermittencyand Flexibility

CompetitiveRenewable

Energy

Thermal heat for the future

comfort

Interwoven energy vectors

Megatrends

© EnergyVille

EnergyVille

Large Energy Consumers

Commodity

PRICE, PRICE, PRICE and reliability

Electricity and gas are products

Europe based

Service for Small Consumers

Energy sources: do not care

Comfort, well-being

SME: Sit back and relax

Local-based (Flanders, ….)

© EnergyVille

Large Energy Consumers

Energy: one of the major cost drivers

Mainly electricity and/or gas

Conversion internally (CHP)

Flexibility in some of the manufacturing processes recognised

Flexibility can become much wider(e.g. electrical steam generation)

Sourcing: Europe-wide for electricity; global for gas

Often international contracts

Internal competition (different sites globally and European): energy price as element of choice

© EnergyVille

Small Energy Consumers

Home: gas, heat, electricity

SME: manufacturing

Office Buildings

Specific buildings (hospitals, education, … )

Ownership is critical

© EnergyVille

Is Energy Efficiency THE Issue?

Comfort or efficiency

What if the marginal cost is zero?

Capex versus Opex

Flexibility may cause energy loss(cooling warehouses)

Quality of energy:low temperature heat versus electricity

Better efficiency, less flexibility

© EnergyVille

Consumer at the Center

Energy System

Strategy & Market

Energynetworks

Buildings and districts

Components & materials

Energy-storage

© EnergyVille

Less energy – More electricity – Smart Heat

Better insulation: electric heating & increased potential for renewables

Heat pumps: combination of green electricity and green heat

Advanced heat networks (4th generation)

Renewables: common carrier is electricity

Transport

Gas demand goes down

© EnergyVille

The end of the kWh as billing unit for energy

30 % is commodity (energy) cost

40 % grid

30 % levies

Only for commodity kWh is relevant

Grid: capacity

Levies: policy

Commodity is marginal cost, goes to zero

Capacity for grid service

Local generation/storage: disconnection feasible?

Insurance contracts

© EnergyVille

The world is changing

Europe:

© EnergyVille

Trends

Large-scale integration of Renewable Energy Sources

Large-scale integration of Distributed Energy Resources

Evolution towards smart grids

© EnergyVille

Demand drives generation

!

Challenges

!!!

!!!

Generation drives demand

!!!

Techno-economical puzzle: coordinated grid actions with all the players involved

Bidirectional flows

© EnergyVille

Smart Homes … from which perspective?

Home AutomationLighting

Security

Multimedia

Smart Construction (NZEB)InsulationVentilationHeat pumpNatural light / sunblinds

Smart Energy SystemsSmart heat PumpSolar panelsSmart Household AppliancesEV Charging

© EnergyVille

And the reality of energy markets

Nearly Zero Energy Buildings

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

jan

/13

feb

/13

mrt

/13

apr/

13

mei

/13

jun

/13

jul/

13

aug/

13

sep

/13

okt

/13

no

v/1

3

dec

/13

jan

/14

feb

/14

mrt

/14

apr/

14

mei

/14

jun

/14

jul/

14

aug/

14

sep

/14

okt

/14

no

v/1

4

dec

/14

kWh

consumption PV

?

Nuclear phased out by 2025Currently no investments in gas plants

Biomass: 200M€/year subsidies for 400 MW plant

Insulation

Ventilation

Heat pumps

+ PV

© EnergyVille

Investments

ROI(financial)

Peace of mind (insurance)

Time Management (comfort)

reduce CONNECTION CAPACITY, while increasing total electricity consumption?

Back-up = STORAGEHEATING + DC (LED, multimedia, mobility, …)?

AUTOMATED SYSTEMSclimate control, cost savings ToU prices?

Your Home, an Intelligent Energy Cluster

© EnergyVille

Flexibility is key – an opportunity!

Consumer-side Flexibility

Shiftable Demand

Generation-side Flexibility

Flexible Generation

Storage

Electricy

Heat

© EnergyVille

Consumer Flexibility: demand response

When large amounts of renewable energy are injected, grid

overload situations are possible

Activation of additional demand can solve this

Quote (Art. 15.8) from the European Commission Energy Efficiency Directive (2012/27/EU):

“Member states shall promote access to and participation of

Demand Response in balancing, reserves and other system services markets”

flexible

load

© EnergyVille

Sources of Consumer Flexibility

Residential SME & buildings Large Industry

© EnergyVille


Shiftable Demand


Flexible Generation

Storage

Electricy

Heat


© EnergyVille

Batteries

Pro:

Scalability

Efficiency

Energy Density

Mass Production

Rapidly falling costs of battery packs for electric vehicles

Björn Nykvist and Måns Nilsson, Nature Climate Change, 2015

© EnergyVille



Shiftable Demand


Flexible Generation

Storage

Electricy

Heat

© EnergyVille

Back to the future: Decentralised Supply

MICROGRID

FlexibleDemand

Storage

Distributed Generation

© EnergyVille

Why would flexibility work now?

We’ve already seen:

Demand-side management

Decentralised systems

Electrical vehicles

© EnergyVille

Why would flexibility work now?

All devices

Communicate

With each other

Share information

Greater efficiency

Automation

Security

Comfort

© EnergyVille

Flemish energy research partnership by:

KU Leuven imecVITO UHasselt

© EnergyVille

Flemish energy research partnership by

EnergyVille

© EnergyVille

EnergyVille

Research – Development – Training – Industrial Innovation

For:

Industry

Public Entities

Expertise in sustainable energy

and intelligent energy systems

in the built environment

With:

Local partners

Regional partners

International partners

© EnergyVille

EnergyVille: some figures

Employees >700 >11,000 >3,500 >1,200

Revenues (Meuro) 174 933 500 88

PhD’s 91 >5000 350 542

“Employees” 231

Revenues (Meuro) 35

PhD’s 65

© EnergyVille

EnergyVille: some figures

© EnergyVille

15.000m² floor area

5.000m² lab infrastructure

200 desks

Parking lot : electrical vehicles

BREEAM excellence

LIVING LAB and by extension ‘regulation free area’

Home Base

© EnergyVille

Labs

Battery Testing Lab

Home Lab

Smart Grid InfrastructureLab

Thermo Technical Lab

Medium Voltage Lab

PV Metrology Lab

Matrix Lab

© EnergyVille

The Story Continues: EnergyVille 2

Facilities:

4,900m² floor space

2,000m² lab space

2,900m² offices

Planning:

April 2016: building permit

August 2016: start of construction

December 2017: construction finished

April 2018: installation finished

Lab space foreseen in the new EnergyVille-2 building

PV-module labs

Thin-film PV labs

Battery lab (including dry room)

© EnergyVille

Embedded in an eco-system

© EnergyVille

R&D thematics & roadmaps

Storage

Battery management technologies

New technology for short term storage

Long term storage

Thermal storage

Strategy & Markets

Interoperable flexible trading platforms for energy services and grids

Energymonitoring andpolicy

Energy scenarios andstrategies

Energy Networks

Decision tools for grid operators

High voltage direct current grids (HVDC)

4th generation heat networks

Micro- and nanogrids with direct current (DC)

The

mat

ics

Ro

adm

aps

Buildings & Districts

Design of energy districts

Innovative building concepts

Materials & Components

High-efficient & aesthetic PV-modules & -panels

GaN and passives for power electronics

Energy conversion technology

© EnergyVille

Building technologyassessment

Soft HardHard Soft

Expertise

Material

Component

Subsystem

Building

District/

industrial area

Energy

highways

Materials for PV, Batteries and power transistors

Multicarrier

& Energy Markets

Material

Component

Subsystem

Building

District/

industrial area

Energy

highways

Multicarrier

& Energy Markets

PV-cell/module technologyBattery cells

Power electronic circuits (convertors, ...)Battery cell combined with BMS

BIPV-modules

Building electrical modellingDC-nanogrids

HEMS Building Energy

Smart thermal storageSmart substation controllers

Building thermal modelling

Performance optimization HEMS

Energy conversion technologyHeat ElectricityElectricity Heat

District electrical modelling & network designDistrict design with optimal

District thermal modeling & network designFault detection&management

integration of RES

HVDC dynamics/real-time system simulationOperator interaction (DSO-DSO, DSO-TSO, ...)Decision support grid operators

Multi-energy Decision support

Energy monitoring & policies Energy scenarios&Market design

Trading & managing of flexibility & interoperability

Storage-integrated componentsHeat exchanger

Pilo

ts &

dem

on

stra

tio

n

Pilo

ts &

dem

on

stra

tio

n

© EnergyVille

Strategy & Markets

© EnergyVille

Strategies and markets

Interoperable flexible trading platforms for energy services and grids

Energy monitoring and policy

Energy scenarios and strategies

© EnergyVille

Interoperable Flexible Trading Platforms

For energy services and grids

New concepts forelectricity markets

Interoperability

Communication

IT

Virtual Power Plants

Energy System Analysis

Living Labs

© EnergyVille

Energy Monitoring and Policy

Energy Scenarios Prognosis for future energy system taking into account existing and/or new policy measureTechno-economic scenario’s to evolve to high share of renewables Role of different stakeholders and sectors in energy transitionMarket introduction of new energy technologies

Energy policy Impact of policy measures on renewable energy and energy efficiency Optimal integration of renewable energy in dense urban areas

© EnergyVille

Energy as a service in multi-commodity systems

AC

HCG

gas

DC

Grids

inverter battery

charger

wind pv batteries

geothermal

HP

ORCCHPstorage PCM

II000III0

0II0IIIII0

III0

0II000III0

IIIII0

00IIIIIIIIIII0

00I0

I0I0

00III0

0II000III0

IIIII0

00IIIIIIIIIII0

00II000

III0

0II0IIIII0

III0

0II000III0

IIIII0

00IIIIIIIIIII0

00I0

I0I0

00III0

0II000III0

IIIII0

00IIIIIIIIIII0

0011011100

boiler

ICTServices

Multimedia

Lighting

Cooking

Charging EV

Laundry

Heating

Cooling

Shower

© EnergyVille

Project z

Project y

Project x

EnergyVille ICT Platform

Building management systems

Batterie

s

Market information

Sensor data

Submetering

meteo

Intelligent systemsAnalysis and

reporting

hosting experiments

simulations

lab set-ups

control strategies

models

adapThor

© EnergyVille

Energy Networks

© EnergyVille

Energy Networks

Decision tools for grid operators


4th generation heat networks

Micro- and nanogrids with direct current (DC)

© EnergyVille

Decision tools for network operators

Grid investments

Generation unit commitment

New operational modes forsystems

Grid code compliance

Control of RES to participatein ancillary services

Maintaining system reliabilityunder uncertainty

© EnergyVille


New revival

Additional controllability in the power system

Offshore grid development

Long distance underground connections

Towards an HVDC supergrid

© EnergyVille

Thermal networks

Control of district heating networks

Reduce peak loads in networks

Interact with the electricity market

Increase the energy efficiency of networks

District heating substations

Characterization

Fault detection

Fault correction

Fault diagnosis

Return temperature controller for DH networks

Low temperature district heating concepts

District cooling concepts

© EnergyVille

Micro- and Nanogrids with Direct Current (DC)

Small, efficient and reliableDC/DC converters

Optimized architecture and DC grid control

Safety, reliability andprotection of DC grids

Interconnection with the AC grid

© EnergyVille

Figure

Overview drawing of the researched context,

i.e. residential heat pump-based

low-energy dwellings in the low-voltage

distribution grid.

photovoltaicsystem

heat pump-basedheating system

grid-connectedthus inter- and intra-

connected

On externalities of heat-pump based low-energy dwellings at the

low-voltage distribution grid, R. Baetens, 2015


© EnergyVille


Battery modelling

Patented technology forbattery management systems

Grid connection: power conversion and switching

Testing, evaluation anddimensioning of storage systems

Energy management

© EnergyVille


Development of core technology and systems for thin-film batteries and composite batteries

Addressing the issues of electronic and ionic conductivity though architecture and materials

Thin-film batteries (Wh-level)

Composite batteries(kWh-level)

Ultra-fast charging and modular batteries for

IoT, wearables and electronics where space

and battery capacity is restricted

High-energy batteries for local

storage and transportation where

safety and durability is important

© EnergyVille

Long term storage

Database of storage facilities (existing & new)

batteries, pumped hydro, LNG, ..

Modelling Energy System of EU28

Define cost efficient use of storage scenario's

© EnergyVille

Thermal storage

Thermally activated building systems (TABS)

State-of-Charge (SoC) definition based on minimal number of states (minimal amount of sensors)

Optimal exploitation of the energy storage capacity by model predictive control

© EnergyVille

Drivers for façade-integrated PV

Tall nearly zero energy buildings

potential market 10x

GW/yr

Aesthetics

Lower overall cost: building + PV

High-efficient & easthetic PV-modules & -panels

© EnergyVille

Back-contact (MWT) Si-PV modules

Roof top & roof tile

Improved aesthetics

Higher efficiency

Cost-effective Si-PV

High-efficient & easthetic PV-modules & -panels

Demonstrators & facilities

© EnergyVille

Based on Gallium Nitride (GaN)

High-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT)

‘Wide-bandgap’: higher-energy electronic band gaps

Heterostructure structure: field-effect transistor with junction between materials with different gaps

Device manufacturers and developers


© EnergyVille

≈


DC loads ↗: electronics, LED, electric vehicles, …

Advantages:

Area

Material cost

Reliability

Conversion losses

Emerging industrialinterest

Storage

DC bus

(+380V/-380V)

DC/DC micro-converter (～ 300W)

DC/AC bidirectional inverter

with grid support

GRID

© EnergyVille

Research Focus

Optimised design for ORC/HP with increased (electric and thermal) efficiency

Characterisation of dynamic behaviour to improve the interaction with the thermal network


© EnergyVille

Collaboration with industry

Success-

ful

Mission

Opera-

tions

System

Complete

&

Qualified

Opera-

tional

Demon-

stration

Demon-

stration

Valida-

tion in

Relevant

Environ-

ment

Valida-

tion in

Lab

Proof of

Concept

Techno-

logy

Concept

Basic

Principles

Academic Chair

Cooperation in publicly financed projects

Open innovation

Common R&D project

Spin-off

Technology transfer

Contract Research

Technology Readiness Level

Possible collaboration frameworks

research into sustainable energy and smart energy systems...high-electron-mobility transistor (hemt)...

Documents