research - leadership and motivation

8/4/2019 Research - Leadership and Motivation

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The Impact of Leadership Style of Managers on theMotivation of Employees of the Hotel Sector in Sri Lanka

K.P.D. Karunanayake (FGS/PGDHRM/2007/32)

Department of Human Resources ManagementFaculty of Commerce and Management Studies

University of Kelaniya


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Title

The Impact of Leadership Style of Managerson the Motivation of Employees of the Hotel

Sector in Sri Lanka


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Background of the Study

Establishment of Tourist Board 1966 Rapid growth in tourist arrivals in 1960s and

70s Highest number recorded in the recent past is

566,202 - in 2004

6th

highest foreign exchange earner - 37,506million in 2009 Direct employment - 52,071 in 2009


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Success depends on the

quality of the service provided to the customer

Employee motivation leads to employee jobsatisfaction

Motivated employees take extra effort to satisfythe customer

Standard of the hotel is judged by many things -

friendliness, alertness, attitude, etc Departmental managers knowledge onmotivation is a key factor


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There are four key factors of employeemotivation

Leadership style

Rewards and recognitions Organizational climate The nature of work

The most direct path and quickest cure -Leadership style

(Patricia Weber )


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Statement of the Problem

What are the leadership styles existwithin the leaders.

How to categorize leaders as per theleadership style

What are the leadership styles whichcontribute for motivation of employees?

What are the leadership styles whichcontribute for de-motivation ofemployees?


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Significance of the Study

Managers apply their own leadership style Not enough professional institutes

Lesser management related training Promotion based on seniority Findings a guideline for practitioners in

the hotel industry


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Conceptual Framework

LeadershipStyle

Autocratic

Democratic

Laissez-Faire

Level of Motivation

Independent Variables: Autocratic Leadership StyleDemocratic Leadership StyleLaissez-Faire Leadership Style

Dependent Variable: Level of Motivation


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Research Questions & Hypothesis

Research Questions1. What is the relationship between supportive leadership style and

motivation2. What is the relationship between non-supportive leadership style

and motivation

HypothesisH1 There is a positive relationship between

the supportive leadership style and Motivation

H2 Higher the level of managers supportiveleadership style, higher will be the motivationof employees.


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Methodology

Population

Data Collection Sample Data Analysis


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Literature Review

Mainly focused on Leadership andMotivation

Leadership Leadership & Management

Leader one who creates the most effective change in group

performance (Cattell, 1951)

Leadership ability to make the most out of the available resources Ference

(2001)


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Leadership Style Leadership style can be categorized into five

main types:

1. Trait Theory What type of person makes a good leader?

2. Behavioral Theories What does a good leader do?1. Ohio State Studies2. University of Michigan Studies3. Kurt Lewins Leadership Framework

Autocratic Democratic Laissez-Faire

4. The Managerial Grid5. Scandinavian Studies


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Leadership Style3. Contingency Theories How does the situation influence

good leadership?1. Fiedlers Contingency Theory 2. Cognitive Resource Theory3. Hersey and Blanchards Situational Theory

4. Leader Member Exchange Theory5. Path Goal theory6. Leader Participation Theory

4. Power Based Theories What is the source of the

leader's power?1. Reward2. Expert3. Referent4. Coercive


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Leadership Style

5. Other Leadership Theories and ModernTheories

1. Charismatic leadership2. Transactional Leadership3. Transformational Leadership4. Visionary Leader


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Motivation

The processes that account for an individualsintensity , direction , and persistence of efforttoward attaining a goal (Robbins 2003)

Process of MotivationEstablish

Goals

Need Take Action

AttainGoal


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Motivation

Two main broad categories of motivation intrinsic motivation extrinsic motivation


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Motivation

1. Instrumentality Theory based on the rewardsand punishments

2. Content Theories goal achievement behavior1. Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory2. Alderfer's ERG theory

3. Process Theories focuses on psychologicalprocess

1. expectations (expectancy theory)2. goal achievement (goal theory)3. feelings about equity (equity theory)


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Motivation

4. Other Theories1. Herzbergs Motivation - Hygiene Theory2. McGregors Theory X & Y

3. McClellands Theory of Needs 4. Reinforcement Theory


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Operational Framework


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Methodology

Applied research - it concentrates aspecific problem in the organization

The research based - hypothesis testing also called hypothetico deductive method


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Data Presentation and Analysis Questionnaire - Likert scale

Response MarksStrongly agree 5

Agree 4Neutral 3Disagree 2Strongly Disagree 1

Data analysisExcel for personal dataSPSS for other questions


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S u m m a r

i z e d

d a t a

f o r p e r s o n a l q u e s

t i o n s


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Correlation Analysis

Pearson Correlation Coefficient was calculated inorder to find out relationship between two variablesof the sample

Leadership style Motivation

Autocratic -.375

Democratic .681Laissez-Faire Leadership .319


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Coefficient of Determination

Explains how much of the variability of a factorcan be caused or explained by its relationship toanother factor (R 2)

Leadership style Motivation

Autocratic .140

Democratic .464Laissez-Faire Leadership .102

All three leadership styles .488


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Conclusion

Independent variables (Autocratic Leadership Style,Democratic Leadership Style and Laissez-FaireLeadership Style) significantly correlate with theMotivation

Most significant positive effect of 0.681 DemocraticLeadership style Autocratic Leadership Style has a negative correlation

with -0.375 Democratic Leadership style - supportive leadership

style Autocratic Leadership Style - contribute for de-motivation


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Conclusion

H1 - There is a positive relationship between thesupportive leadership style and Motivation

H2 - Higher the level of managers supportiveleadership style, higher will be the motivation of employees.

R square value (0.488) for all the three leadershipstyles together it shows that leadership style indicates

49% variation explained by regression Finding of this research further proves the findings of Lewin, Llippit and White's (1939) experiments


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Recommendations

Democratic leadership style highlycontribute for the motivation - improve

Autocratic leadership style demotivateemployees reduce

For further research incorporate rewards and recognition organizational climate the nature of work


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