• Albania• Armenia• Azerbaijan• Belarus• Bosnia and Herzegovina• Bulgaria• Croatia• Czech Republic

• Estonia• Georgia• Hungary• Latvia• Lithuania•Republic of Macedonia• Moldova

• Montenegro• Poland• Romania• Russian Federation• Serbia• Slovakia• Slovenia• Ukraine

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Byelorussian SSR

Czechoslovakia

Federal Republic of Yugoslavia / Serbia and Montenegro

German Democratic Republic

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Ukrainian SSR

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Eastern Europe sourcing are particularlyrenowned for their mineral resources and trainedmanpower.

After globalization, all these countries havebecome active participants of market economyand engage in international trade.

There is regular exchange of factors ofproduction with these nations.

✔ Raw Material Sourcing.

✔ Man Power Sourcing

✔ Technology Sourcing

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✔ Minerals are the chief material sourced from this

nation.

✔ This country is a rich source of coal, bauxite,

copper, lead and zinc.

✔ Romania is rich in iron ore.

✔ Ukraine is rich in magnesium, graphite coal.

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31 2197

147

33

10781

296

30 27

202

4171

13 7

814

28583

138

59

337

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

GDP PPP

in billion

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$11,400

$6,128

$10,568

$15,633

$8,590

$16,041

$18,314

$28,086

$23,213

$6,100

$20,455

$20,204

$23,978

$3,736

$11,800

$21,118

$13,395

$11,553

$25,525

$28,373

$7,422

$0

$5,000

$10,000

$15,000

$20,000

$25,000

$30,000

GDP PPP

Per capita

in USD

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106.8

31 20.83 97.172 97.172 80.62 GDP PPPIn million

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295.89129.944 27.3 202.356 41 7.3470.904GDP PPPIn million

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285.131 83.174 138.277 58.509 337.36GDP PPPIn million

Capital - Sofia

Official languages – Bulgarian

Government - Unitary parliamentary republic

Population - 2011 census – 7.3 million

GDP (PPP) 2013 estimate

- Total - $106.8 billion

- Per capita - $16,041

GDP (nominal) 2013 estimate

- Total - $54.446 billion

- Per capita - $7,582

Currency - Lev (BGN) (1 Bulgarian Lev equals 0.68 US Dollar)

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Currency fluctuation over last 3 years

GDP fluctuation over last 10 years Trade Balance fluctuation over last 3 years

Current account deficit -252.80

Extraction of metals and minerals, production of chemicals, machinery and vehiclecomponents, petroleum refining and steel.

Mining and its related industries employ a total of 120,000 people and generate about5% of the country's GDP.

Bulgaria is Europe's sixth-largest coal producer.

Local deposits of coal, iron, copper and lead are vital for the manufacturing and energysectors.

net exporter of agricultural and food products.

largest global producer of perfumery essential oils such as lavender and rose oil.

Of the services sector, tourism is the most significant contributor to economic growth.

emerged as a travelling destination with its inexpensive resorts and beaches outside thereach of the tourist industry.

Lonely Planet ranked it among its top 10 destinations for 2011.

Giants such as Boeing, BMW, General Motors, Siemens, and Nortel contract smallprogramming firms in Bulgaria.

Bulgaria’s relatively cheap and qualified labor force, along with its low taxes and officerents, provide great benefits for business investors.

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Top 5 Products exported by Bulgaria

Refined Petroleum (13%), Refined Copper (7.2%), Packaged Medicaments(2.9%), Wheat (2.7%), and Raw Copper(2.5%)

Top 5 Products imported by Bulgaria

Crude Petroleum (15%), Copper Ore(8.1%), Refined Petroleum (4.4%), Packaged Medicaments (2.8%), and Semiconductor Devices (2.5%)

Top 5 Export destinations of Bulgaria

Italy (10%), Germany (9.8%), Turkey(9.8%), Romania (7.1%), and Greece(6.1%)

Top 5 Import origins of Bulgaria

Russia (15%), Germany (9.4%), China(6.5%), Italy (6.2%), and Romania (5.7%)

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Capital and largest city – Bucharest

Official languages – Romanian

Government - Unitary semi-presidential republic

Population - 20 October 2011 census - 20.1 million

GDP (PPP) 2013 estimate

- Total - $285.131 billion

- Per capita - $13,395

GDP (nominal) 2013 estimate

- Total - $189.659 billion

- Per capita - $8,910

Currency - Romanian leu (RON) (1 Romanian Leu equals 0.30 US Dollar)

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Currency fluctuation over last 3 years

GDP fluctuation over last 10 years Trade Balance fluctuation over last 3 years

Current account deficit -555.10

Romania's main exports are cars, software, clothing and textiles,

industrial machinery, electrical and electronic equipment, metallurgic

products, raw materials, military equipment, pharmaceuticals, fine

chemicals, and agricultural products (fruits, vegetables, and flowers).

Trade is mostly centered on the member states of the European Union,

with Germany and Italy being the country's single largest trading

partners.

The current account balance in 2012 is estimated to have held a deficit

of $6.474 billion and −4.52% of the GDP.

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Top 5 Products exported by Romania

Cars (6.2%), Vehicle Parts (5.6%), Insulated Wire (5.4%), Refined Petroleum (4.1%), and Rubber Tires(2.5%)

Top 5 Products imported by Romania

Crude Petroleum (5.8%), Packaged Medicaments (3.7%), Vehicle Parts(3.2%), Refined Petroleum (2.9%), and Insulated Wire (2.0%)

Top 5 Export destinations of Romania

Germany (18%), Italy (11%), France(7.3%), Turkey (5.6%), and Hungary(4.2%)

Top 5 Import origins of Romania

Germany (17%), Italy (11%), Hungary(8.7%), France (5.6%), and Kazakhstan(4.3%)

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Capital and largest city - Belgrade

Official languages - Serbian

Government - Parliamentary republic

Population - 2011 census - 7.1 million

GDP (PPP) 2014 estimate

- Total - $83.174 billion

- Per capita - $11,553 (excluding Kosovo)

GDP (nominal) 2014 estimate

- Total - $44.356 billion

- Per capita - $6,161 (excluding Kosovo)

Currency - Serbian dinar (RSD) (1 Serbian Dinar equals 0.011 US Dollar )

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Currency fluctuation over last 3 years

GDP fluctuation over last 10 years Trade Balance fluctuation over last 3 years

Current account deficit -462.10

Since 2000, Serbia has attracted over $25 billion in foreign direct investment

(FDI).

Blue-chip corporations making investments in Serbia include: FIAT, Siemens,

Bosch, Philip Morris, Michelin, Coca-Cola, Carlsberg and others.

In the energy sector, Russian energy giants, Gazprom and Lukoil have made

large investments.

Serbia has an unfavorable trade balance: imports exceed exports by almost

30%. Serbia's exports, however, recorded a steady growth in last couple of

years reaching $14.6 billion in 2013.

The country has free trade agreements with the EFTA and CEFTA, a

preferential trade regime with the European Union, a Generalized System of

Preferences with the United States, and individual free trade agreements with

Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Turkey.

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Top 5 Products exported by Serbia

Corn (5.3%), Insulated Wire (3.6%), Cars(3.4%), Rubber Tires (2.7%), and Frozen Fruits and Nuts (2.2%)

Top 5 Products imported by Serbia

Refined Petroleum (5.8%), Petroleum Gas(5.1%), Crude Petroleum (4.3%), Packaged Medicaments (3.4%), and Cars(2.5%)

Top 5 Export destinations of Serbia

Germany (11%), Italy (11%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (8.6%), Russia (7.8%), and Romania (6.4%)

Top 5 Import origins of Serbia

Germany (11%), Russia (9.5%), Italy(8.6%), China (6.5%), and Hungary (5.7%)

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Capital and largest city - Kiev

Official languages - Ukrainian

Government - Unitary semi-presidential constitutional

republic

Population - 2014 estimate - 44.2 million

GDP (PPP) 2013 estimate

- Total - $337.360 billion

- Per capita - $7,422

GDP (nominal) 2013 estimate

- Total - $175.527 billion

- Per capita - $3,862

Currency - Ukrainian hryvnia (UAH)

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Currency fluctuation over last 3 years

GDP fluctuation over last 10 years Trade Balance fluctuation over last 3 years

Current account deficit 43.90

Produces nearly all types of transportation vehicles and spacecraft,

Antonov airplanes and KrAZ trucks are exported to many countries.

The majority of Ukrainian exports are marketed to the European

Union and CIS.

The country imports most energy supplies, especially oil and natural

gas and to a large extent depends on Russia as its energy supplier.

While 25% of the natural gas in Ukraine comes from internal sources,

about 35% comes from Russia and the remaining 40% from Central

Asia through transit routes that Russia controls. At the same time,

85% of the Russian gas is delivered to Western Europe through

Ukraine.

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Top 5 Products exported by Ukraine

Semi-Finished Iron (9.2%), Seed Oils(5.4%), Corn (5.3%), Hot-Rolled Iron(4.4%), and Iron Ore (4.4%)

Top 5 Products imported by Ukraine

Petroleum Gas (16%), Refined Petroleum(10%), Cars (3.6%), Packaged Medicaments (3.3%), and Coal Briquettes (2.6%)

Top 5 Export destinations of Ukraine

Russia (24%), Egypt (6.5%), Turkey(5.2%), Italy (3.8%), and Kazakhstan(3.5%)

Top 5 Import origins of Ukraine

Russia (31%), China (9.0%), Germany(8.2%), Belarus (6.4%), and Poland(5.0%)

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Capital and largest city - Budapest

Official languages - Hungarian

Government - Parliamentary republic

Population - January 2014 estimate - 9.8 million

GDP (PPP) 2014 estimate

- Total - $202.356 billion

- Per capita - $20,455

GDP (nominal) 2014 estimate

- Total - $137.228 billion

- Per capita - $13,872

Currency - Forint (HUF)

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Currency fluctuation over last 3 years

GDP fluctuation over last 10 years Trade Balance fluctuation over last 3 years

Current account deficit 190000.00

Top 5 Products exported by Hungary

Cars (4.7%), Broadcasting Equipment (4.6%), Video Displays(4.2%), Vehicle Parts (4.1%), and Spark-Ignition Engines (3.6%)

Top 5 Products imported by Hungary

Crude Petroleum (5.1%), Petroleum Gas (3.7%), Packaged Medicaments(3.3%), Vehicle Parts (3.1%), and Telephones (3.0%)

Top 5 Export destinations of Hungary

Germany (25%), Romania (6.5%), Austria (5.3%), Italy (4.8%), and France (4.7%)

Top 5 Import origins of HungaryGermany (23%), Russia (9.3%), China (6.2%), Austria (6.2%), and Slovakia (4.8%)

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AFCEA Europe - The official association for communications, electronics, information systems and intelligence professionals in Europe.

Airbus - A culturally diverse company that develops, produces and supports world-leading airliners seating.

Dassault Aviation - A manufacturer and exporter of combat aircraft, which includes civil and military aircraft.

European Aeronautic Defence and Space - Specialized in commercial & military aircraft maintenance and modification.

Giat Industries - Manufactures artillery systems, main tank armament, medium calibre weapons, and more in France.

ITP Group - Involved in activities such as research, design, development, manufacturing and maintenance of engines.

Pilatus Aircraft Ltd - A Swiss manufacturer of single-engine turboprop aircraft that also develops, produces and sells aircraft and training

systems.

Rolls-Royce - Operates in four global markets: civil aerospace, defence aerospace, and marine and energy.

Snecma Group - A company that specializes in the manufacture of aircraft and rocket engines headquartered in Courcouronnes, France.

Turbomeca - Produces turbojet engines for aircraft and missiles, as well as turbines for land, industrial and marine applications.

Techspace Aero - Designs, develops and produces modules, equipment and test cells for aerospace engines.

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S.C. Farmec Plast S.A. - Specialized in producing and decorating packages of high

quality from plastic mass for products in cosmetics. (Romania)

S.C. Hartplast S.A. - A manufacturer that produces the following: flower pots and flower

boxes and plastic products for the food industry. (Romania)

Dow Customer Information Group (Belgium)

Paccor Packaging Solution.

Petruzalek - A business organization dealing with packaging technologies. Offers a wide

range of packaging machines and packaging materials.

Greif - Specialists in industrial packaging products and services.

Capardoni & Co. - Specialists in the production of top quality closures for the cosmetic,

pharmaceutical and food industries.

Amcor Limited - As the world’s largest packaging company, Amcor offers exclusive and

innovative solutions that are at the forefront of the packaging industry.

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Nolato AB - Manufacturers of bottles, jars, vials, and closures for the pharmaceutical, healthcare and personal

care industries.

NV Vandeweghe Flexo-Printing - Belgium based company specialized in flexible packaging.

Armando Álvarez Gorup - European packaging company based in Spain for polyethylene plastic

converter and specialized in industrial plastic packaging.

Deffrennes frères - Specialists in food packing; Foie gras, wine, porks, confectionery, cheeses,

dry fruits, Specialists in cosmetics packaging.

Alción Plásticos, S.L - Designs and produces a range of plastic containers for cosmetics, food,

chemicals, and more.

Coexpan Net - Specialists in the production of flexible, plastic packaging for foods.

Sonoco Europe is a proud member of the Sonoco Family, a global provider of consumer

packaging, industrial products, protective packaging and packaging supply chain services.

Silgan closures - Global supplier of caps and closures to the food and beverage industries

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http://www.ezilon.com/business/aerospace_and_defense/manufacturing/index.shtml

http://www.ezilon.com/business/packaging/index.shtml

http://www.ey.com/GL/en/Industries/Automotive/The-Central-and-Eastern-European-

automotive-market---Country-profile--Bulgaria

http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc1/EasternEurope.html

http://www.ningbofocus.com/2014-central-eastern-european-countries-products-fair/

http://www.indexmundi.com/facts/visualizations/gdp-composition-by-sector/#country=bg

http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/profiles/Ukraine/Economy

http://www.tradingeconomics.com/bulgaria/indicators

http://atlas.media.mit.edu/profile/country/ukr/

http://countries.bridgat.com/Top_Products_Exported_by_Romania.html

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